湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2021届高三年级期中考试
英语
本试题卷共10页。时量120分钟。满分150分。
得分：
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. ￡ 19. 15.
B. ￡ 9.18.
C. ￡ 9.15.
答案是C.
1. What will the speakers do on Saturday?
A. Make a cake.
B. Go to a park.
C. Go to a bakery.
2.When is the man supposed to check out?
A. Today.
B. Tomorrow.
C. The day after tomorrow.
3. Which class is the man taking?
A. Biology.
B. Chemistry.
C. Physics.
4.How does the woman feel about turning 40?
A. Everything should stay the same.
B. She doesn't feel like celebrating.
C. It's time for a change.
5.Why did the man leave the party early last night?
A. He had to take the car home.
B. None of his friends was there.
C.Everyone went home.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. At home.
B. At a store.
C. At school.
7. How will the girl find out what she needs to buy?
A. She will ask her teacher.
B. She will go online.
C. She will call her friend.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What has Alex's father decided to do?
A. Learn to play the guitar.
B. Retire from work.
C. Change his job.
9. What is Alex's father's job?
A. Teaching music.
B. Teaching English.
C. Teaching photography.
10. What is Alex's attitude toward his father's decision?
A. Disapproving.
B. Admiring.
C.Concerned.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.Where does the man plan to attend college?
A. In America.
B. In Singapore.
C. In England.
12. What does the woman want to do first after graduation?
A. Know some computer scientists.
B. Work for a big company.
C. Teach at a university.
13. Which company does the woman like best?
A. Oracle.
B. Microsoft.
C. Apple.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What is the woman going to do on Saturday?
A. Visit some old people.
B. Go to a music party.
C. Have a picnic.
15.When will the woman study for the math test?
A. On Monday evening.
B. On Saturday morning.
C. On Sunday afternoon.
16. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates.
B. Co-workers.
C. Teacher and student.
17. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Volunteer work.
B. The coming exams.
C. Plans for the weekend.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What are the three buttons related to?
A. The category of stories.
B. The length of stories.
C. The number of stories.
19. Where did a famous director put the machine?
A. In a bank.
B. In an airport.
C. In a café.
20. What effect has the machine had on people?
A. It made them socialize with each other.
B. It made them smarter than before.
C. It made them busy with learning.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50 分)
第一节(共15 小题，每小题 2.5 分，满分37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
SWITZERLAND TRIP PLANNING
Best Time to Go
Like any other country, you can visit Switzerland at any time of the year and have a fantastic
time. However, there’s always a ‘best’ time for what you want to do there so it is always worth checking the seasons. It all depends on what your planned activities are. If you are intending to ski and snowboard, best to go when the snow is at its peak time. Activity in Switzerland can be broken down into three tourist seasons: Low Season (Oct. —Mar.), Mid Season! Apr. —Jun. & Sep.) and High Season (Jul., Aug. & Dec. —Apr. / In this season, everything is open and busy, and watch your budget).
Rough Budget
Switzerland is an expensive country to travel around but it is possible to travel here for approximately $ 70—100 per day if you stay in hostels, cook most of your meals and use local transport only when necessary. You’ll find that food is quite expensive as well as accommodation. However, the entire exp erience is 100% worth it. Here’s a rough cost of basic commodities.
Accommodation
Budget: $ 30—60 dorms /$ 80—120 budget hotels
Mid-range: $ 150—200
Splurge: $ 250—350+
Food (Typical Meal For One)
Self-catering lunch; $ 10—25
Restaurant: $ 20 lunch / $ 40 dinner
Very nice restaurant: $ 60+
Transport
City Buses: $ 2. 50—5
Intercity Trains: $ 25—50
Exciting Things to Do in Switzerland
With so much to see and do in Switzerland, planning a trip can be tough. Here are the things that we highly recommend doing in Interlaken as it is the adventure capital of Switzerland!
Whether you like skydiving, paragliding, or going on a jet boat, Interlaken offers everything and more for all adventure-seekers and anyone who loves the outdoors. Skydiving in Switzerland is a BUCKET LIST come true tor any adventure-seeker. It is absolutely incredible and is something we highly recommend. So check out our full article on things to do in Interlaken for some ideas and see all the adventurous activities available in the area this year!
21. Which can contribute to your budget of $ 70 — 100 per day when traveling in Switzerland?
A. Choosing hotels for accommodation.
B. Cooking meals as much as you can.
C. Adopting local means of transport.
D. Attempting to travel in peak seasons.
22. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. You can enjoy yourself to the fullest when going skiing any time in Switzerland.
B. Interlaken also offers water activities besides adventure activities like skydiving?
C. Both accommodation and hiking in the mountain are expensive in Switzerland.
D. Planning a trip in Interlaken can be tough because the activities are dangerous.
23. Where is this article most probably from?
A. A geography book about Switzerland.
B. An English textbook.
C. A composition on Switzerland.
D. A travel brochure.
B
Aunt Fannie was Blueberry Jam Woman. Of course she wasn’t really my aunt, and. out of fear, I never called that to her face. The name always made my father chuckle (轻笑) and my mother look sternly (严厉地) at both of us—at me for being disrespectful, and at my father for encouraging my bad behavior. I enjoyed both reactions, so I looked for every opportunity to work for the name into conversation.
As a young woman, my mother had worked in the kitchen of a large Victorian farm house owned by Fannie Cratty. Fannie was the last of the Cratty line; she had never married, and had no living heirs(继承人). My father once told me that it was because she was too mean to share her family wealth or pass it on. Aunt Fannie was noted for her jam, and for never sharing the recipe with another living soul. Even though my mother knew it by heart, as long as Aunt Fannie was alive, she never made the jam without Miss Cratty in our kitchen to direct the process and preserve the secret.
One year, after I had been particularly helpful with the jam-making process. Aunt Fannie
gave me a q uarter and then made me promise I would never spend it. “Hold onto this quarter,” she said, “and some day you will be rich. I still have my first very quarter.” It had obviously worked for her, so I put that 1938 quarter in a small box. put it in my dresser drawer, and waited to become rich.
I now have the blueberry-jam recipe and the quarter from Aunt Fannie. Neither has significantly contributed to my wealth, but I keep them to remind myself to hold onto the valuable things in life. Money can make you feel rich for a while, but it is your relationships, and your memories of time spent with friends and family, that truly leave you wealthy. And that is a fortune that anyone can build.
24. Where did the “fear” mentioned in the first paragraph come from?
A. That year’s blueberry harvest had been poor.
B. Aunt Fannie was too old to keep making jam.
C. The author’s mother couldn’t help Aunt Fannie harvest the blueberries.
D. The author knew it was impolite to call Aunt Fannie Blueberry Jam Woman.
25. From the second paragraph we learn that ________.
A. Aunt Fannie had no children
B. Aunt Fannie was willing to share her recipe
C. the author often helped Aunt Fannie make jam
D. the author’s mother always made the jam alone
26. What did the author’s mother feel towa rds Aunt Fannie?
A. Disgusted.
B. Surprised.
C. Affectionate.
D. Disappointed.
27. What does the author try to tell us?
A. To make new friends easily.
B. Not to put a price on generosity.
C. Not to think of kindness as a burden.
D. To treasure the time spent with family and friends.
C
Lizard (蜥蜴) species may already have declined past the point of no return in the world. What is the reason? Rising temperatures. Researchers estimate that as much as 40 percent of lizard
species worldwide will die out by 2080. The problem is that temperatures in many regions where lizards live have changed too fast for the animals to keep pace.
Barry Sinervo from the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of California in Santa Cruz, along with colleagues from across the globe, reached that conclusion by taking current data on Mexican lizards. They also estimated that 4 percent of local species have already disappeared worldwide. That number could jump to 20 percent by 2080 if carbon dioxide levels aren’t lowered to reduce warming.
The team looked 48 species of Sceloporus lizard at 200 sites around Mexico. The sites were first sampled from 1975 to 1995. By 2010, research could not find lizards at 12 percent of those sites.
Lizards that bear live young are especially at risk of dying out, the researchers point out, compared to that lay eggs. “Live-bearers have lower body temperatures that heighten the risk of dying,” Sinervo said in a statement. We are watching these species disappear before our eyes.”
Although current evidence shows that climate change is affecting the habitat ranges of many species, there is still a lot of uncertainty about how much climate change will affect species, researchers say.
Many Mexican lizard species live in high altitude “islands”, where climate change happens the fastest. The lizards cannot adjust fast enough to survive. The scientists say they do not think the animals are likely to save themselves just by moving somewhere else v either.
“How quickly can Earth’s lizards adapt to the rising global temperatures? That’s the important question,” Sinervo said in a press release. "We are actually seeing lowland species moving upward, slowly driving upland species out of their hab itats. If the upland species can’t evolve fast enough, they will die out.”
28. Which of the following lizards face a higher risk of dying out?
A. Lizards at low altitudes.
B. Lizards that bear their young.
C. Lizards that lay eggs.
D. Lizards in a stable environment.
29. According to Barry Sinervo and his colleagues, ________.
A. their conclusion is based on current data on various kinds of lizards
B. 20 percent of local species have already disappeared worldwide
C. they are uncertain about how much climate change will affect species
D. they are seeing highland species moving downward
30. The upland lizards are affected greatly by the climate change because of ________.
A. their living habitats’ destruction
B. their living skills
C. highland species moving downward
D. their adaptive capacity
31. The purpose of this passage is to ________.
A. prove that earth is not suitable for lizards
B. warn that lizards may die out quickly due to the climate change
C. explain why no more lizards will be found by 2080
D. emphasize that the habitat of lizards is changing greatly
D
We are always being told by the department of Health to eat five portions of fruit and vegetables a day. But it’s not clear where the evidence for this comes from, and a large study by the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) two years ago of the dietary intake of more than 400,000 people found only a weak link between eating fruit and vegetables and a reduction in overall cancer risk. There is no evidence it reduces breast cancer.
Even so, how could anyone argue against eating more fruit and vegetables? Well, it depends on what fruit you are eating. A review article in the Canadian Medical Association Journal warns that a chemical in grapefruit (葡萄柚) can interact lethally with certain medicines. Even apple juice, the staple (主食) of many breakfast tables, may prevent our absorption of some drugs. Parents also often think fruit juice is a healthy alternative to fizzy (起泡的) drinks, but juices contain sugar and calories too— as much as a glass of Coke—so should be drunk in moderation.
Grapefruit has also been linked to an increase in breast cancer. A study in the British Journal of Cancer (BJC) of 500,000 women found that eating a quarter of the fruit a day increased the risk by 30%.
The solution?
There is one good reason for not eating grapefruit—it tastes sour. But it is unlikely to increase your risk of getting breast cancer; further research by the BJC showed no increase in rates of breast cancer for women who tuck into (猛吃) grapefruit or drink juice.
Grapefruit contains a type of chemical called furanocoumarin, which prevents the breakdown
of some prescription drugs. As a result concentration of these drugs rise, and can have serious side-effects, including kidney (肾) damage, heart blockage, and deep-vein thrombosis (血栓).
Patient information leaflets should tell you what foods to avoid with which drugs. If in doubt, ask your doctor. So you don’t need to eat less fruit, and many still need to eat more. Another paper from the EPIC study found a 225 reduction in deaths from heart attacks in people who ate eight portions of fruit and vegetables a day compared to those who ate three or fewer. The way the study was designed, however, means that it can only suggest a link—it can’t prove one.
32. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Everyone should eat more grapefruit.
B. People should cat fruit selectively.
C. Parents should have their children drink more fruit juice.
D. Eating fruit and vegetables has been proven to reduce overall cancer risk.
33. What docs the underlined word “lethally” probably mean?
A. Closely.
B. Wrongly.
C. Dangerously.
D. Quickly?
34. What do we learn about grapefruit?
A. It increases the risk of heart blockage.
B. It reduces deaths from heart attacks.
C. It reduces absorption of some drugs.
D. It causes increases of breast cancer in women.
35. Which of the following questions does the author mainly answer?
A. What is grapefruit?
B. Should people eat less fruit?
C. How can one reduce the risk of getting breast cancer?
D. What should patient information leaflets tell people?
第二节(共5 小题，每小题2.5 分，满分12.5 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Champion Snorer (打鼾者)
It was the Cedar Rapids sleeper (卧铺车). Outside, it was as dark as the inside of an ink-bottle. In the sleeping car people slept. Or tried it. Some of them slept like Christian men and women, peacefully, sweetly and quietly. Others slept like demons (恶魔) as though it was their mission to keep everybody else awake.
36. ________
We never heard anything snore like him. It was the most systematic snoring that was ever done, even on one of these tournaments of snoring, a sleeping car. 37. ________ O, no! There was more cold-blooded magic in his system than that. He waited until everybody had had a taste of sleep, just to see how nice and pleasant it was; and then he broke in on their sound sleep like a winged, breathing
demon, and they never knew what peace was again that night.
38. ________ We all hoped it was an accident, however; and, trusting that he wouldn’t do it again, we all forgave him. Then he ruined our hopes and spoiled the sweet sincerity of our forgiveness by a long-drawn “Gw-a-h-h-ha h!” that sounded too much like business to be accidental. 39. ________ But the sleeper in "lower three” went on in long-drawn, regular rhythms that indicated good staying qualities, “Gwa-a-a-h! Gwa-a-a-h! Gahwayway! Gahway-wah! Gahwa-a-ah!”
Evidently it was going to last all night; and the exhausted heads dropped back on the sleepless pillows, and the scolding began. 40. ________ He shot off an annoying “Gwook!” which sounded as though his nose had got mad at him and he continued to disappoint everybody with a guttural (似喉间发出的) “Gurroch!” Then he paused again for breath and when he had accumulated enough, he let out a more disturbing “Kowpff!” that nearly shot the roof off the sleeping car.
A. Pretty soon “lower three” gave us a little variation.
B. Then there was a pause, and he awakened from sleep and looked at us.
C. He didn’t begin as soon as the lamps were turned down and everybody was in bed.
D. Of these the man in lower number three was the worst.
E. Just as the other passengers had consulted together how they might stop him, morning dawned.
F. Then every head in the sleeping car was held off the pillow for a minute, waiting to hear the worst.
G. He started out with terrific “Gu-r-r-rt!” that opened every eye in the car.
第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30 分)
第一节(共15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分15 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白
处的最佳选项。
“Mum, what does it mean when someone tells you that they have a skeleton (骨骼) in the closet(衣橱)?” Jessica asked. “A skeleton in the closet?” her mother paused thoughtfully. “W ell, it’s something that you would rather not have ____41____ know about. For example, if in the past, someone in Dad’s family had been ____42____ for stealing a horse, it would be ‘a skeleton in his family’s closet’. He really wouldn’t want any neighbor t o know about it.”
“Why ____43____ my family?” Jessica’s father said with anger. “Your family ____44____ isn’t so good, you know. Wasn’t your great-great-grandfather a prisoner who was transported to Australia for his ____45____?” “Yes. but people these day s say that you are not a real Australian unless your ____46____ arrived as prisoners.” “Gosh, sorry I asked. I think I understand now,” Jessica ____47____before things grew worse.
After dinner, the house was very quiet. Jessica’s parents were still quite ____48____ with each other. Her mother was ironing clothes and ____49____ she glared at her husband, who ____50____behind his newspaper pretending to read. When she finished, she gathered the freshly ____51____clothes in her arms and walked to Jessica’s closet. Just as she opened the door and reached in to hang a skirt, a bony arm stuck out from the dark depths and a bundle of white bones fell to the floor. Jessica’s mother ____52____ in a faint (晕倒), waking only when Jessica put a cold, wet cloth on her forehead. She looked up to see the ____53____ faces of her husband and daughter.
“What happened? Where am I?” she asked. “You just destroyed the school’s skeleton. Mum,” explained Jessica. “I brought it home to help me with my health ____54____. I meant to tell you. but it seemed that as soon as I mentioned skeletons and closets, it caused a problem between you and Dad.” Jessica looked ____55____ as her parents began to laugh madly. “They’re both crazy.”she thought.
41. A. yourself B. nobody else C. anyone else D. someone else
42. A. suspected B. excused C. charged D. arrested
43. A. pick on B. call for C. settle down D. bring out
44. A. comment B. history C. memory D. motto
45. A. contributions B. passion C. crimes D. errors
46. A. parents B. family C. younger generation D. ancestors
47. A. broke down B. dropped in C. closed up D. cut in
48. A. concerned B. impatient C. angry D. delighted
49. A. by and by B. every now and then C. up and down D. here and there
50. A. hid B. looked C. hung D. stuck
51. A. pressed B. folded up C. designed D. sewn
52. A. jumped B. sank C. zoomed D. recovered
53. A. disappointed B. excited C. sharp D. worried
54. A. problem B. condition C. project D. care
55. A. in harmony B. in amazement C. in a dilemma D. in high spirits
第二节(共10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Taking a closer look at the sun
There is an ancient Chinese story about a giant man named Kua Fu who chases the sun. He drains the Yellow and Wei Rivers during his race and finally dies of dehydration (脱水). His failure has reminded people of the ____56____ (stop) power of the sun for centuries. And yet, scientists throughout history ____57____ (try) to better understand the most important star in our sky. On Aug. 12, NASA punched the Parker Solar Probe (探测器), marking ____58____ start of its trip to the sun.
The probe itself is as big as a car and needs the help of a powerful rocket ____59____ (escape) Earth’s orbit, change direction and reach the sun. In order to reach the sun, the probe must complete seven flybys (探测飞行) of Venus, using the power of the planet’s gravity to change ____60____ (it) path, sending it towards the sun. But that’s not the only difficult part of the journey. As the probe ____61____ (approach) the sun’s corona (日冕), it will have to bear temperatures reaching 1,400 ℃, as well as deal with serious radiation.
If everything goes well ____62.____ planned. the probe will reach a speed of 692,018 kilometers per hour as it orbits the sun, setting a new record for ____63____ (fast) man-made object ever in history, NBC noted.
The “mission to touch the sun” will “not only make history by an swering question ____64____have puzzled scientists for decades, but it may also lead to the ____65____ (discover) of new phenomena that are completely unknown to us now,” Raouafi told CNN reporters. “This
mission has the potential to push solar research in to a new direction,” he added.
第四部分写作(共三节，满分40 分)
第一节应用文写作(满分15 分)
假定你是李华，计划和同学去敬老院陪老人过重阳节。请给外教Johnson 写封邮件，邀请他一同前往。
主要内容：
1、出发及返回的时间；
2、活动内容：打扫卫生，包饺子，表演节目等。
注意：
1、字数80 左右；
2、开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考单词：敬老院：nursing home；重阳节the Double Ninth Festival
Dear Johnson,
How is everything going these days?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________You
rs,
Li Hua 第二节(满分25 分)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。
Work is a very important part of life in the United States. When the early immigrants came to this country, they brought the idea that work was the way to God and heaven. This attitude still influences Americans today. Work is not only important’ for the salary, but also for social and psychological working, being productive. For most Americans, they, are what they do. What
happens, then, when a person retires at the age of sixty-five or seventy? It’s easy to imagine that retirement is no easy thing. Retirees often feel they are unproductive and no longer needed by others.
Once people retire, they may also get into financial trouble. Many people rely on Social Security checks every month. During their working years, employees contribute a certain percentage of their salaries to the government. When people retire, they receive his money as income. These checks do not provide enough money to live on, however, because prices are increasing very rapidly. After retirement, they have to change their lifestyles. They have to spend carefully to be sure that they can afford to buy food, fuel, and other necessities.
Of course, not all senior citizens feel sad when they are in face of retirement. Working for so many years, they eventually have time to spend with their families or to enjoy their hobbies such as reading, traveling or joining some senior citizen clubs. Some continue to work part-time; others choose to do volunteer work like helping young people to get started in new business.
American government is taking steps to ease the problems of retired people. They are building new housing, offering discounts in stores and museums and on buses, and providing other services, such as free courses, food service, and help with housework. It is wise to do so. Retired citizens are an important part of the population and their special needs must be concerned about. After all, everyone will be senior citizen someday.
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________
湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2021届高三年级期中考试
英语参考答案
1-5 BCACB 6-10 ABABB 11-15 CBACC 16-20 ACBCA 21. B.根据“it is possible to travel here for approximately $ 70-100 per day if you stay in hostels, cook most of your meals and use local transport only when necessary”可以找到B选项为正确答案。
22. B.在“Whether you like skydiving, paragliding, or going on a jet boat, Interlaken offe rs everything and more for all adventure-seekers and anyone who loves the outdoors.”中的going on
a jet boat 可知B为答案。
23.D.根据文章标题和最后一句，可以看出最有可能是旅游宣传小册子。所以本题答案为
D.
24.D.由第一段“The name always made my father chuckle(轻笑）and my mother look sternly(严厉地）at both of us-at me for being disrespectful, and at my father for encouraging my bad behavior.(这个名字总是让我父发笑，让我母亲严厉的望着我，因为我的不礼貌，望着我父亲，因为他怂勇了我的不良行为。）”可知作者知道这样叫是不礼貌的。
25.A.由“Fannie was the last of the Cratty line; she had never married, and had no living heirs(继承人）．”可知。
26.C.由第一段及第二段最后一句“Even though my mother knew it by heart,as long as Aunt Fannie was alive, she never made the jam without Miss Cratty in our kitchen to direct the process and preserve the secret.(尽管母亲记得怎样做蓝莓酱，但是从未在Aunt Fannie不在场的情况下做过，Aunt Fannie在场的话，她会指导制作过程并保守秘密。）”可知。
27.D.由最后两句“Money can make you feel rich for a while, but it is your relationships,and your memories of time spent with friend and family, that truly leave you wealthy. And that is a fortune that anyone can build.”可知。
28.B.根据第四段第一、二句“Lizards that bear live young are especially at risk of dying out, the researchers point out, compared to that lay eggs.'Live-bearers have lower body temperatures that heighten the risk of dying,””可知。
29. C.A项various kinds of lizards 错误，应为Mexican lizards.B项already错误。C项对应
第五段＂．．．there is still a lot of uncertainty about how much climate change will affect species,researchers say".D项highland 错误。
30.D.根据最后一段“How quickly can Earth's lizards adapt to the rising global temperatures... If the upland species can't evolve fast enough,they will die out.”可知。
31.B.根据第一段“Researchers estimate that as much as 40 percent of lizard species worldwide will die ou t by 2080.”以及第二、三段中数据可知。
32.B.A选项“Everyone should eat more"表述错误。C项根据第二段最后一句“so should be drunk in moderation”可知错误。D项根据全文最后一句可知错误。B项前文表述葡萄柚能增加breast cancer 风险和后文表述，吃水果和蔬菜和heart death之间没有必然联系可知人们应该有选择地吃水果。
33.C.根据第二段中＂．．．may prevent our absorption of some drugs. Parents also often think fruit juice is a healthy alternative to fizzy(起泡的）drinks,but juices contain sugar and calories too- as much as a glass of Coke so should be drunk in moderation.”及第六段可知。
34. C.根据倒数第二段中“As a result concentration of these drugs rise, and can have serious side-effects, including kidney（肾）damage,heart blockage,and deep-vein thrombosis(血栓）。”可知。
35.B.通读全文可知。
36.D.根据下一句的“We never heard anything snore like him.”这里必须体现出打鼾的人来，所以选D.
37.C.根据后面的“He waited until everybody had had a taste of sleep...”可以推知选C.
38.G.选项中的“He started out”体现了从这个自然段开始描述他具体的打鼾细节。所以选G.
39.F.根据后句里的“But”，“long-drawn”，“regular rhythms”等关键词可知这题答案为F.
40.A.根据后面的不同拟声词“Gwook!”“Gurroch!”“Kowpff!”可以得出A为正确答案。
【语篇导读】杰西卡把一个作健康项目的人的骨骼拿回家，放在了衣橱里。她一说起衣橱里的骨骼，就引起了妈妈和爸爸的误
会和争吵。晚餐后妈妈把熨完的衣服放进衣橱里时，被那具白骨吓晕了。
41.C.yourself 你自己；nobody else 没有其他的人；anyone else 其他任何人；someone else 另外的某人。根据下文的“He really wouldn't want any neighbor to know about it.”可推知不愿让
任何人知道。
42. D.suspect sb of sth./of doing sth.怀疑；excuse sb. for sth./for doing sth.原谅；宽恕；charge sb. sth. for sth.收费；向···要价；arrest sb. for sth.逮捕；拘留。
43. A.pick on 刁难；选中；call for需要；要求；settle down安顿下来；bring out 使显现；阐明；出版。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/09351745.html,ment评论；意见；批评；history 历史；来历；历史学；memory记忆，记忆力；内存；motto座右铭；格言。根据下文＂Wasn't your great-great-grandfather a prisoner who was transported to Australia for his 45？”可知指家族历史风评不好。
45.C.contribution 贡献；捐献；投稿；passion热情；激情；crime罪行，犯罪；error的使用范围较窄，常指在计算、书写等过程中出现的“差错”。根据常识可知以前澳大利亚是囚犯的流放地，而且下文有as prisoners,可知是因为犯罪而被运到澳大利亚去。
46.D.parents 父母；family家庭；家属；家族；younger generation年轻一代；ancestor祖先，先人。根据常识和“your great-great-grandfather”可知选D.
47.D.break down 崩溃，破坏；抛锚；分解；drop in落进；往里坍塌：偶然（或顺便）走访（或访问）（on);逐渐进入；close up 关闭；愈合；靠近；cut in插嘴；打断；超车。48.C.concerned担忧的；关心的；impatient焦躁的；不耐心的；angry生气的，愤怒的；delighted 高兴的，开心的。根据第二段首句“Jessica's father said with anger.”及空前的“still”可知选C.
49. B. by and by 不久以后；every now and then不时地；时而；up and down 上上下下；here and there各处，到处。
50. A.hide躲藏；隐藏；look看；hang悬挂；垂下；绞死；stick刺，戳；伸出；粘贴。
51.A.press 熨；fold up将······折叠起来；design设计，构思；制造；意欲；sew(sewed,sewn/sewed)缝合；缝纫。根据上文的＂Her mother was ironing clothes”可知此处选press表示“熨烫”。
52.B.jump跳跃，跨越；sink下沉；沉没；倒下；坐下；zoom(尤指汽车、飞机等）疾行；（价格、费用等）急剧增长，猛涨；（使镜头或摄影机）推近或拉远；recover恢复；弥补；重新获得。
53.D.disappointed失望的；沮丧的；excited兴奋的；激动的；sharp敏锐的；急剧的；锋利的；强烈的；worried担忧的。
54.C.health problem 健康问题；health condition 健康状况；health project有关健康的项目；health care卫生保健。根据上文的“the school's skeleton”以及“I brought it home to help me wit
my health 54 ”可知用project,指学校布置完成的项目。
55. B.in harmony和谐地；in amazement 惊讶地；吃惊地；in a dilemma 进退两难；左右为难；in high spirits兴高采烈；情绪高涨。
【语篇导读】本文为新闻报道。美国国家航空航天局发射了一枚太阳探测器，以探索太阳的秘密。
56.unstoppable.考查形容词。夸父逐日，死于脱水，提醒着人们太阳有着不可阻挡的力量。
57.have tried.考查动词时态。介词短语throughout history 提示用现在完成时。
58.the.考查冠词。定冠词the表示特指。
59. to escape.考查非谓语动词。动词不定式表目的。
60.its.考查代词。运用重力来改变它的运动路径。
61. approaches.考查谓语动词。主将从现。
62. as.考查连词。as it is planned为方式状语从句，省略了主语和be动词。
63. the fastest.考查形容词。根据ever in history 可知用最高级，创下史上最快纪录。
64.that/which.考查关系代词。that/which引导定语从句，代替先行词questions 在定语从句中做主语。
65.discovery.考查名词。
第四部分第一节
【参考范文】
Dear Johnson,
How is everything going these days? I'm writing to invite you to join us to visit the nursing home nearby. We know that the Double Ninth Festival is around the corner, which is a big day for the elderly in our culture. We intend to go there and do a big cleaning for them. Then we are going to make dumplings with them together and enjoy the delicious food. In the afternoon,we'll go climbing the hill and spend some fun time singing,dancing and playing games. We should be back at about 5 o'clock.
If you are able to come with us, please let us know and we'll be waiting for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节【参考范文】
Work plays an extremely important role in American culture,so people find retirement difficult as they may feel useless without jobs.(要点1) Retirement can also bring financial problems as Social Security checks don't provide enough money.（要点2)However,some senior citizens feel happy about retirement as they finally get time to do what they really want.(要点3)American government is solving retired citizens' problems and concerning their special needs,which is wise and necessary,because everyone will get old.(要点4)
听力材料
Text 1
W: Let's go to the bakery before going to the park this Saturday.(1) I need to order a cake.
M:They have an online system. You can order from home, now. We don't need to waste time at the shop.
Text 2
W:Good morning,sir. Can I help you?
M: I'm due to check out the day after tomorrow,(2) but I'd like to stay for two more days after that. Text 3
M:I can't believe there's another biology test! (3) There are so many unfamiliar terms!
W: At least you aren't taking chemistry, like me. So many things to remember!
M: Well,I hear physics class is even harder.
Text 4
M:What would you like for your birthday, dear? I thought we'd do the usual: dinner and a movie. W: I'm turning 40.Let's do something different. (4) How about going on a hike?
Text 5
W: Sorry,I left the party early last night. I had to take the car home before midnight. Did you stay late?
M:Actually,I left right after you because I didn't know anybody there.(5) There were still a lot of
people there when I left, though.
Text 6(第6题为推断题）
W: Can we go shopping, Dad? I need to get some notebooks and pens.
M:No problem. Do you need to buy anything else for school?
W: I need a new brush for art class, too.
M: Let's go to the art store, then. We can get all of those supplies there. You probably need a lot more than that,though.
Did the teacher give you a list? (7)
W: There's one on the class website. (7)
M: Print it out and bring it with you, honey. I'll get ready and we can leave in about 20 minutes. W:OK,Dad. Can I go to Sarah' s house afterwards? We're in the same art class. I want to show her what I will get.
M: Yeah, I'll drive you there. But you need to take the bus back home in time for dinner,OK? W:Deal!
Text 7
M:Prepare to be shocked. My dad's decided to learn to play the guitar! (8)
W: What? Alex,(8) your dad must be about 60. Why is he doing that?
M:Actually,it isn't a great surprise to those of us who know him. He has spent all his life teaching English when really his first love is music.(9)
W: But isn't it late in his life to start learning to play an instrument?
M: He says he wants to be able to play well when he retires,so he has something to occupy him. Some people take up photography or gardening. For him, it's the guitar.
W: There might be a lot of noise in the house until he learns to play properly.
M: It doesn't bother me. In fact, I quite admire him for doing something like that.(10)
W:Yes,I suppose you're never too old to learn something new.
Text 8
M: Are you going to start university in September,too?
W:Yes,but my school starts in August. Where did you get accepted?(11)
2019届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高考模拟（二）数学（理）试 题 一、单选题 1．集合10A x R x ??=∈≤???? ，{}2|10B x R x =∈-<，则A B =U （ ） A ．(]1,0- B ．()1,0- C ．(),1-∞ D ．(),1-∞- 【答案】C 【解析】求出A 与B 中不等式的解集确定出A 与B ，利用并集定义求A 与B 的并集即可． 【详解】 由题得{|0}A x x =<，{|11}B x x =-<<， 根据并集的定义知：{|1}A B x x ?=<， 故选：C ． 【点睛】 本题主要考查了并集及其运算，意在考查学生对这些知识的理解掌握水平，熟练掌握并集的定义是解本题的关键． 2．复数()1z i i -=（i 为虚数单位），则z 的共轭复数在复平面上对应的点位于（ ） A ．第一象限 B ．第二象限 C ．第三象限 D ．第四象限 【答案】C 【解析】由复数除法求出z ，写出共轭复数，写出共轭复数对应点坐标即得 【详解】 解析：()()()1111111222i i i i z i i i i +-+= ===-+--+Q ，1122 z i ∴=--， 对应点为11(,)22 --，在第三象限． 故选：C ． 【点睛】 本题考查复数的除法运算，共轭复数的概念，复数的几何意义．掌握复数除法法则是解题关键．
3．如图是甲、乙两位同学在六次数学小测试（满分100分）中得分情况的茎叶图，则下列说法错误．． 的是（ ） A ．甲得分的平均数比乙大 B ．甲得分的极差比乙大 C ．甲得分的方差比乙小 D ．甲得分的中位数和乙相等 【答案】B 【解析】由平均数、方差公式和极差、中位数概念，可得所求结论． 【详解】 对于甲，1798882829391 85.86x +++++=≈； 对于乙，2727481899699 85.26 x +++++=≈， 故A 正确； 甲的极差为937914-=，乙的极差为997227-=，故B 错误； 对于甲，方差2126S ≈.5， 对于乙，方差2 2 106.5S ≈，故C 正确； 甲得分的中位数为8288852+=，乙得分的中位数为8189 852 +=，故D 正确． 故选：B ． 【点睛】 本题考查茎叶图的应用，考查平均数和方差等概念，培养计算能力，意在考查学生对这些知识的理解掌握水平，属于基础题． 4．已知向量()1,2a =r ，()2,2b =-r ，(),1c λ=-r ，若() //2c a b +r r r ，则λ=（ ） A ．2- B ．1- C ．12 - D ． 12 【答案】A 【解析】根据向量坐标运算求得2a b +r r ，由平行关系构造方程可求得结果. 【详解】 ()1,2a =r Q ，()2,2b =-r ()24,2a b ∴+=r r
长沙市雅礼中学物理内能专题练习（解析版） 一、初三物理 内能 易错压轴题（难） 1．在探究“冰熔化时温度的变化规律”的实验中。 (1)将适量碎冰放入试管中，利用水给冰加热，目的是______； (2)某时刻观察到温度计的示数如图甲所示，为______°C ； (3)图乙是根据所测数据绘制成的图象。由图象可知，冰的熔化特点是：持续吸热、______；AB 和CD 两段图象的倾斜程度不同，原因是______； (4)若不计热量损失，物质在AB 和BC 两段吸收的热量分别为Q 1和Q 2，则 12:Q Q =______。 【答案】使冰受热均匀 -4 温度不变 该物质状态不同时比热容不同 2:3 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】 (1)[1]将装有冰的试管放入水中加热，这是水浴法，这样冰的温度变化比较均匀，并且变化比较慢，便于记录实验温度。 (2)[2]由图甲知，温度计的分度值是1°C ，此时是零下，液柱上表面对准了0°C 下面第4个小格处，读作?4°C 。 (3)[3]由图像知冰在熔化过程中持续吸热、温度不变。 [4]冰化成水质量不变，但比热容发生了变化，所以同样受热情况下，温度变化快慢不同。 (4)[5]因为同一加热装置，在相同的时间内吸收的热量相同，已知在AB 段时间为2min ，BC 段为3min ，则 12:2:3Q Q 2．小军利用如图所示装置和器材，探究不同物质的吸热能力。 时间（min ） 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
温度 909294969798989898 （℃） (1)小军设计的电路中的R甲、R乙的阻值大小必须满足的条件是______； (2)只闭合开关S2，他首先观察了水的加热过程，测得数据如上表。分析数据可知，该地区气压______（选填“高于”或“低于”）标准大气压； (3)接着断开S2，待水冷却后，继续探究物质的吸热能力。小军控制水和煤油的质量、初温都相同，他应首先闭合开关______，再闭合另外一个开关，同时控制加热过程中水的末温度应低于______℃。实验表明：水的末温比煤油______，水的吸热能力比煤油强。 【答案】R甲＝R乙低于 S1 98 低 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】 (1)[1]探究不同物质的吸热能力时，应选用相同的热源，由图示电路图可知，两电阻并联，它们的电压相等，要使电阻在相等时间内产生的热量相等，应控制两电阻的阻值相等，即R甲＝R乙。 (2)[2]由表中实验数据可知，在水沸腾后，水不断吸收热量，但温度保持98℃不变，所以水的沸点是98℃，说明该地区气压低于标准大气压。 (3)[3]要探究水与油的吸热能力，应控制水与煤油的质量、初温相等，还要控制水与煤油在相同时间内吸收的热量相等，所以应控制两个电阻丝同时开始加热，则由图可知应先闭合支路开关S1，然后再闭合干路开关S2。 [4]实验过程中水不能沸腾，所以应控制加热过程中水的末温度应低于98℃。 [5]实验表明：水的末温比油低，水的吸热能力比煤油强。 3．阅读短文，回答问题 “鲲龙”AG600 国产大型水陆两栖飞机“鲲龙”AG600成功实现水上起降，如图所示。“鲲龙”AG600是国家为满足森林灭火和水上救援的迫切需要，研制的大型特种用途民用飞机，既能在陆地上起降，又能在水面上起降，是一艘会飞的船。AG600可以在20秒内一次汲水12吨，单
WORD格式整理版 长沙市雅礼中学理科实验班招生试题 数学 一、选择题（共8小题，每小题5分，满分40分） 1、下列四个图形中，每个小正方形都标上了颜色．若要求一个正方体两个相对面上的颜色都一样，那么不可能是这一个正方体的展开图的是（） A、B、 C、D、 2、某工厂第二季度的产值比第一季度的产值增长了x%，第三季度的产值又比第二季度的产值增长了x%，则第三季度的产值比第一季度的产值增长了（） A、2x% B、1+2x% C、（1+x%）x% D、（2+x%）x% 3、甲从一个鱼摊上买了三条鱼，平均每条a元，又从另一个鱼摊上买了两条鱼，平均每条b元，后来他又以每条 元的价格把鱼全部卖给了乙，结果发现赔了钱，原因是（） A、a＞b B、a＜b C、a=b D、与a和b的大小无关 4、若D是△ABC的边AB上的一点，∠ADC=∠BCA，AC=6，DB=5，△ABC的面积是S，则△BCD的面积是（） A、B、 C、D、 5、（2007?玉溪）如图，AE⊥AB且AE=AB，BC⊥CD且BC=CD，请按照图中所标注的数据，计算图中实线所围成的图形的面积S是（） A、50 B、62 C、65 D、68 6、如图，两个标有数字的轮子可以分别绕轮子的中心旋转，旋转停止时，每个轮子上方的箭头各指着轮子上的一个数字，若左图轮子上方的箭头指着的数字为a，右图轮子上方的箭头指的数字为b，数对（a，b）所有可能的个 数为n，其中a+b恰为偶数的不同个数为m，则等于（） A、B、 C、D、 7、如图，甲、乙两动点分别从正方形ABCD的顶点A、C同时沿正方形的边开始移动，甲点依顺时针方向环行，乙点依逆时针方向环行，若乙的速度是甲的速度的4倍，则它们第2000次相遇在边（） A、AB上 B、BC上 C、CD上 D、DA上 8、已知实数a满足，那么a﹣20062的值是（） A、2005 B、2006 C、2007 D、2008 二、填空题（共8小题，每小题5分，满分40分）
雅礼中学2017-2018高一上学期期中考试物理试卷 一、选择题（共12题，每题4分） 1.近几年，在国家宏观政策调控下，我国房价上涨出现减缓趋势。若将房价的“上涨”类比成“加速”，将房价的“下跌”类比成“减速”，据此，你认为“房价上涨出现减缓趋势”可类比成（） A.速度增加，加速度减小 B.速度增加，加速度增加 C.速度减小，加速度增加 D.速度减小，加速度减小 2.减速带是交叉路口常见的一种交通设施，车辆驶过减速带时要减速，以保障行人的安全。当汽车前轮刚爬上减速带时，减速带对车轮的弹力为F，下图中弹力F的画法正确且分解合理的是（）。
3.如图，在粗糙水平面上放置有一竖直截面为平行四边形的木块，图中木块倾角θ，木块与水平面间动摩擦因数为 ，木块重为mg，现用一水平恒力F推木块，使木块由静止向左运动，则物体所受地面摩擦力大小为（）。
5.科技馆里有一个展品，该展品放在暗处，顶部有一个不断均匀向下喷射水滴的装置，在频闪光源的照射下，可以看到水滴好像静止在空中固定的位置不动，如图所示。某同学为计算该装置喷射水滴的时间间隔，用最小刻度为毫米的刻度尺测量了空中几滴水间的距离，由此可计算出该装置喷射水滴的时间间隔为（g=10m/s2）（）
A. 0.01s B. 0.02s C. 0.1s D. 0.2s 6.如图所示，重为100N 的物体静止在水平地面上．用F=80N 的力竖直向上拉该物体时，则物体对地面的压力为（ ） A ．0N B ．20N ，方向竖直向上 C ．20N ，方向竖直向下 D ．100N ，方向竖直向下 7.刀、斧、凿等切削工具的刃部叫做劈,如图是用斧头劈木柴的示意图.劈的纵截面是一个等腰三角形,使用劈的时候,垂直劈背上加一力 F,这个力产生两个作用效果,使劈的两个侧面推压物体,把木柴劈开.设劈背的宽度为d,劈的斜面长为l,不计斧头的自身重力,则劈的侧面推压木柴的力约为( ) A. d l F B.l d F C.2d l F D.2l d F 8.如图所示，物体从O 点由静止开始做匀加速直线运动，途径A 、B 、C 三点，其中 AB=2cm ，BC=3cm 。若物体通过AB 和BC 这两段位移的时间相等，则O 、A 两点之间的距离等于（ ）
长沙市雅礼中学物理内能的利用专题练习（解析版） 一、初三物理内能的利用易错压轴题（难） 1．小明学习了燃料的热值后，自己设计一个实验来比较煤油和菜籽油的热值．他实验的装置如图，并每隔1分钟记录了杯中水的温度（见下表） 加热的时间/min 0 1 3 5 7 ... 燃料烧完甲杯水温/℃25 27 32 36 40 (50) 乙杯水温/℃25 26 29 32 34 (42) (1)为了便于比较，小明在实验时应控制两套装置中相同的量有__________． (2)通过表中记录的数据，你认为煤油和菜籽油两种燃料中，热值较大的是 __________ ． (3)这个同学实验前用天平测出了烧杯中水的质量及盘中菜籽油的质量．并由记录的数据，利用公式Q 吸=cm（t-t 0 ）计算出了水吸收的热量．他想通过这些数据计算出菜籽油的热值．你认为他的计算结果与真实值相比_______________．(填 “偏大”“偏小”或“相等”)因为___________________________． 【答案】水的质量和燃料的质量煤油偏小菜籽油燃烧放出热量的一部分被水吸收【解析】 （1）要想通过水吸收的热量来体现燃料燃烧放出热量的多少，则必须控制两杯水的质量以及煤油和菜籽油的质量相等；（2）由表中数据可知，在相同时间内甲杯中的水温度升高得快，甲杯水吸收的热量多，煤油的热值较大；（3）由于燃料不一定完全燃烧，且给水加热时有热损失，因此根据Q吸=cm（t-t0）计算出水吸收的热量要比菜籽油完全燃烧放出的热量小，利用这个热量计算出菜籽油的热值，要比真实值偏小．故答案为（1）水的质量和燃料的质量；（2）煤油；（3）偏小；菜籽油不一定完全燃烧，且放出的热量不可能全部被水吸收，有热量损失． 2．为了比较水和沙子吸热本领的大小，小文做了如图所示的实验:在两个相同的烧杯中，分別装有质量、初温都相同的水和沙子，用两个相同的酒精灯对其加热，实验数据记录如表：
A B C F O 2012年长沙市雅礼中学理科实验班招生试题 数 学 （本卷原名：长沙市雅礼优生毕业测试卷） 考生注意：本卷满分120分，考试时间150分钟。 一、填空题（请将最后答案填写在横线上。每小题3分，本大题满分60分） 1.在一次数学活动中，黑板上画着如图所示の图形，活动前老师在准备の四张纸片上分别写有如下四个等式中の一个等式：①AB=DC ；②∠ABE=∠DCE ；③AE=DE ；④∠A=∠D ；小明同学闭上眼睛从四张纸片中随机抽取一张，再从剩下の纸片中随机抽取另一张，则以已经抽取の两张纸片上の等式为条件，使△BEC 不能构成等腰三角形の概率是______________. 2．如图，“L ”形纸片由六个边长为1の小正方形组成，过A 点切一刀，刀痕是线段EF.若 阴影部分面积是纸片面积の一半，则EF の长为________ ______. 3. 如图，AB 是半圆O の直径，C 、D 是半圆上の两个动点，且CD ∥AB,若半圆の半径为1,则梯形ABCD 周长の最大值是 。 4. 已知2152522＝－－－x x ，则221525x x －＋－の值为 。 5. 一次函数y ＝kx ＋b の图象过点P （1，4），且分别与x 轴和y 轴の正半轴交于点A ，B ． 点O 为坐标原点．当△AOB 面积最小时，k 和b の值分别为 。 6. 如图，直线b kx y +=1过点A （0，2），且与直线mx y =2交于点P （1，m ），则关于 x の不等式组mx ＞kx +b ＞mx －2の解集是______________。 7. 已知实数a 满足2008a - a ，那么a －20082值是 。 8. 如图，以Rt △ABC の斜边BC 为一边在△ABC の同侧作正方形BCEF ，设正方形の中心为O ，连结AO ，如果AB =4，AO =26，那么AC の长等于 。 9.设，，，321x x x … ，2007x 为实数，且满足321x x x …2007x =321x x x -…2007x =321x x x -…2007x =…=321x x x …20072006x x -=1，则2000x の值是 ．
一、初一数学有理数解答题压轴题精选（难） 1．如图，已知A、B两地在数轴上相距20米，A地在数轴上表示的点为-8，小乌龟从A地出发沿数轴往B地方向前进，第一次前进1米，第二次后退2米，第三次再前进3米，第四次又后退4米，……，按此规律行进，（数轴的一个单位长度等于1米） （1）求B地在数轴上表示的数； （2）若B地在原点的左侧，经过第五次行进后小乌龟到达点P，第六次行进后到达点Q，则点P和点Q到点A的距离相等吗？请说明理由； （3）若B地在原点的右侧，那么经过30次行进后，小乌龟到达的点与点B之间的距离是多少米？ 【答案】（1）解：， . 答：地在数轴上表示的数是12或 （2）解：令小乌龟从A地出发，前进为“+”，后退为“-”，则： 第五次行进后相对A的位置为：， 第六次行进后相对A的位置为：， 因为点、与点的距离都是3米， 所以点、点到地的距离相等 （3）解：若地在原点的右侧，前进为“+”，后退为“-”， 则当为100时，它在数轴上表示的数为： ， ∵B点表示的为12. ∴AB的距离为（米 . 答：小乌龟到达的点与点之间的距离是70米 【解析】【分析】（1）由已知A，B两地在数轴上的距离为20米，且A地在数轴上表示的数为-8，可得到B地可能在A地的左边，也可能在A地的右边，然后列式可求出B地在数轴上表示的数。 （2）根据题意分别列式求出第5次和第6次行进后相对A的位置，由此可得到第P和点Q到A的距离，即可作出判断。 （3）根据点B在原点的右侧，列式可求出n=100时，可得到点A在数轴上表示的数，再根据点B表示的数，就可求出AB的距离。 2．如图，在数轴上，点A表示﹣5，点B表示10．动点P从点A出发，沿数轴正方向以每秒1个单位的速度匀速运动；同时，动点Q从点B出发，沿数轴负方向以每秒2个单位的
湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2020-2021学年高二第二学期开学考试 化学试卷 满分：100分时量：90分钟 可能用到的相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 S-32 Cl-35.5 Fe-56 Cu-64 Ag-108 一、选择题（本题包括20小题，共50分。1-10题，小题2分；11-20题，每题3分。每小题只有一个选项符合题意。） 1.2020年12月17日，嫦娥五号顺利返回，我国探月工程圆满完成了“绕”“落”“回”三步走战略。发射火箭常采用无毒无污染的液氧、煤油作为燃料，下列说法不正确的是（） A.煤油是石油经分馏或裂化而得的烃类物质 B.煤油燃烧时，化学能全部转化为动能 C.工业上通过分离液态空气获得液氧 D.煤油燃烧后的主要产物是水和二氧化碳 2.下列有关化学用语使用正确的是（） A.甲烷分子的比例模型： B.2-丁烯的键线式为 C.四氯化碳的电子式： Cl Cl:C:Cl Cl ?? ?? D.羟基的电子式：O:H ?? ? ?? 3.山东舰是我国自主研制的新型航母，为了延长航母服役命可以在航母舰体（主要成分是钢铁合金）上镶嵌金属锌。下列有关说法正确的是（） A.可以用铅等金属代替锌 B.构成原电池反应时，舰体表面发生氧化反应 C.在酸雨环境中，航母主要发生吸氧腐蚀 D.这种保护方法叫牺牲阳极的阴极保护法 4.设N A表示阿伏加德罗常数的值。下列说法正确的是（） A.48g正丁烷和10g异丁烷的混合物中共价键数目为13N A B.25℃，1L pH=13的Ba(OH)2溶液中OH－的数目为0.2N A C.0.1 mol H2和0.1 mol I2(g)密容器中充分反应后，其分子总数小于0.2N A D.12.0 g NaHSO4固体所含离总数0.3N A
雅礼教育集团2020 下学期期末考试试卷 高一物理 时量：75分钟分值：100分 一、选择题（1～7小题为单选题，每小题4分，每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求；8～10 小题为 多项选择题，每小题5分，每题有两个或者两个以上选项符合题目要求，全部选对得 5 分，没有选全得 3 分，不选或者错选不得分） 1．如图所示，国产某品牌汽车装备了具有“全力自动刹车”功能的城市安全系统，系统以50Hz的频率监视前方的交通状况。当车速v≤10m/s 且 与前方静止的障碍物之间的距离接近安全距离时，如果司机未采取制动 措施，系统就会立即启动自动刹车，加速度大小约为5m/s2，使汽车避 免与障碍物相撞。则“全力自动刹车”系统设置的安全距离约为A．50m B．20 m C．10m D．1m 2．如图所示，很多地铁站安装了智能化的阶梯式自动扶梯。为了 节约能源，在没有乘客乘行时，即自动扶梯不载重时往往以较 小的速度匀速运行，当有乘客乘行时自动扶梯经过先加速再匀 速两个阶段运动。一乘客乘阶梯式自动扶梯上楼，恰好经历了 这两个过程。则下列说法正确的是 A．在扶梯加速时，扶梯对顾客的摩擦力沿水平方向 B．扶梯加速、匀速运转时，对顾客摩擦力方向都为水平方向 C．扶梯对顾客的弹力大小始终等于重力 D．顾客始终受到三个力的作用 3．如图所示，一件质量为M的衣服挂在等腰三角形的衣架上，衣架挂在A 一根横杆上。衣架质量为m，衣架顶角θ＝120°，此时衣架底边水平。 不计衣服与衣架摩擦，重力加速度为g，则衣架A 点受到横杆的支持力 F T 和衣架左侧对衣服的作用力F 大小分别为 4．如图所示，在光滑水平面上，一个小物块放在静止的小车上，物 块和小车间的动摩擦因数μ＝0.2，重力加速度g＝10m/s2.现用水平 恒力F拉动小车，关于物块的加速度a m 和小车的加速度a M的大小， 下列选项可能正确的是 A．a m＝1m/s2，a M＝2m/s2 B．a m＝2m/s2，a M＝ 1m/s2C．a m＝2m/s2，a M＝3m/s2 D．a m＝3 m/s2，a M＝1m/s2 5．如图所示，A、B、C 三个小球质量均为m，A、B 之间用一根不可伸长的轻质细绳连在一起，B、C 之间用轻弹簧拴接，整个系统用细线悬挂在天花板上并 且处于静止状态。现将A 上面的细线剪断，使A 的上端失去拉力，则在剪断细线的 瞬间，A、B、C 三个小球的加速度分别是 A．1.5g，1.5g，0 B．g，2g，0 C．g，g，g D．g，g，0
绝密★启用前 2019届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三月考（八） 试卷副标题 一、 论述类文本阅读（共1题） 1.（9分）阅读下面的文字，完成下列各题。 审美艺术在未来人类精神价值体系重建中还能起到关键作用吗？答案是开放性的。 在艺术领域，人们以计算机为工具，甚至编制智能程序，通过智能编程进行创作已不再是新闻。“中国水墨画效果的计算机模拟和绘制系统”与模拟生成书画的相关程序也已经相继出现。通过深度学习，微软机器人小冰已经可以写出与传统诗歌相媲美的诗句，并出版了人类历史上第一部人工智能诗集——《阳光失了玻璃窗》。而音乐也因其形式化最强早已被成功模拟；近年来索尼公司利用人工智能系统Flow Machines 制作了两首酷似披头士乐队作品的AI 音乐。……智能交互艺术、虚拟现实艺术、智能打印艺术等将成为未来“奇点”艺术的重要表现形式。 在传统视域里，审美艺术体系具有科学、宗教无法替代的精神价值。未来人类发展不应该是在科技牵引下的一意孤行，而是人类依靠美的力量，按照美的法则建设出来的理想田园。但人工智能的发展昭示着一种新的未来视域，人类精神结构中精神信仰、科学认知、审美艺术三大板块的关系可能会被打破，因为作为这一理论前提的“主体”已经发生了根本性转变。人类的精神价值体系将出现新的结构、秩序和形态，人类的艺术形态也将发生全新的转变。 而我们又该如何期许中国文化的未来呢？ 美国哲学家、历史学家威尔 ? 杜兰特说：“也许亚洲比欧洲更深沉，中世纪比现代更深沉，因为亚洲人和中世纪的人都与科学保持着一定的距离。”中华文明所营造的“天人合一”“道法自然”的文化特质和人生境界是以科学认知体系见长的西方文明所缺乏的。回溯中华传统文化，老子在论述“道”的本质时所提出的天人融通、万化归身的境界，既是一种哲学境界，又是一种人生境界，更是一种为我们所推崇的审美境界。它昭示着与主客二分、主体性张扬、理性狂妄完全不同的另一种价值选
一、选择题 1．若函数()()sin 06f x x πωω?? =+ > ? ? ? 的图象的相邻两条对称轴之间的距离为2 π ，且该 函数图象关于点()0,0x 成中心对称，00,2x π?? ∈???? ，则0x 等于（ ） A ． 512 π B ． 4 π C ． 3π D ． 6 π 2．已知()0,πα∈，2sin cos 1αα+=，则 cos 21sin 2α α =-（ ） A ．2425 - B ．725 - C ．7- D ．17 - 3．已知α为第二象限角，且π3 cos 25 α??-= ???，则tan α=（ ）． A ．3 4 - B ．43- C ．53 - D ．45 - 4．在ABC 中，tan sin cos A B B <，则ABC 的形状是（ ） A ．锐角三角形 B ．直角三角形 C ．钝角三角形 D ．不确定 5．已知函数()2 2 sin cos cos f x x x x x =+-，x ∈R ，则（ ） A ．()f x 的最大值为1 B ．()f x 的图象关于直线3 x π = 对称 C ．()f x 的最小正周期为 2 π D ．()f x 在区间()0,π上只有1个零点 6．已知函数()()π π3 6sin 0f x A x A ??=> ???+在它的一个最小正周期内的图像上，最高点 与最低点的距离是5，则A 等于（ ）． A ．1 B ．2 C ．2.5 D ．4 7．已知将向量13,2a ?= ?? 绕起点逆时针旋转4π 得到向量b ，则b =（ ） A ．44?- ?? B ．44? ?? C ．44?? ? ??? D ．44? ?? 8．已知sin()cos(2) ()cos()tan x x f x x x πππ--= --，则 313f π?? - ??? 的值为（ ）
雅礼中学2016级高一第一学期期中考试 数学试题卷 (考试范围：必修1 时量：120分钟满分：150分) 命题人：李云皇审题人：杨日武 本试题卷包括选择题、填空题、和解答题三部分，共3页，时量120分钟，满分150分．一、选择题：本大题共12个小题，每小题5分，共60分，在每小题给出的四个选项中， 只有一项是符合题目要求的. 1.已知集合M ={1,2,3}，N={2,3,4}，则下列式子正确的是）（A）M N （B）N M （C）M N ={2,3} （D）M N={1,4} 2.计算的结果为（） （A） 3 2 a（B） 1 6 a（C） 5 6 a（D） 6 5 a 3.若f(2x+1)=x2-2x,则f (2) 的值为（） （A）- 3 4 B. 3 4 （C）0 （D）1 4.定义Ａ-Ｂ＝{x|x∈A,且x?B} ,若Ａ＝{1,2,4,6,8,10},Ｂ＝{1,4,8}，则Ａ-Ｂ＝（）（A）{4,8}（B）{1,2,6,10}（C）{1}（D）{2,6,10} 5.下列四个函数中，在(0,+∞)上是增函数的是( ) （A）f(x)= （B）f(x)=x2-3x （C）f(x)=3-x D. f (x)=-|x | 6．已知函数f(x)= ，则f(f(1 9 ))（） （A）1 2 （B） 1 4 （C） 1 6 （D） 1 8 7．设f(x)=3x+3x-8，用二分法求方程3x+3x-8=0在x∈(1,2)内近似解的过程中得f(1)<0,f(1.5)>0,f(1.25)<0，则方程的根落在区间（） （A）(1,1.25)（B）(1.25,1.5)（C）(1.5,2)（D）不能确定 8．已知，则（） （A）a>b>c （B）a>c>b （C）c>a>b （D）c>b>a 9．已知a0且a1，函数y log x，y ax，y x a在同一坐标系中的图象可能是
长沙市雅礼中学2018届高三月考试卷 数 学（文史类） 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分．满分150分，考试时间120分钟． 参考公式： 正棱锥、圆锥的侧面积公式 如果事件A 、B 互斥，那么 cl S 2 1= 锥侧 P （A+B ）=P （A ）+P （B ） 如果事件A 、B 相互独立，那么 其中，c 表示底面周长、l 表示斜高或 P （A ·B ）=P （A ）·P （B ） 母线长 如果事件A 在1次实验中发生的概率是 球的体积公式 P ，那么n 次独立重复实验中恰好发生k 33 4R V π= 球 次的概率 其中R 表示球的半径 k n k k n n P P C k P --=)1()( 第I 卷（选择题 共50分） 一．选择题：本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合要求的． 1 M=｛x ｜x 2-x ＜0,x ∈R },N=｛x ｜｜x ｜＜2,x ∈R }，则 A N M C M ∪N=M D M ∪N=R 2.已知向量a ＝(－1，3)，向量b ＝(3，－1)，则a 与b 的夹角等于 A. 6 π B. 2 π D. 6 7π 3.已知函数f (x )=3x － 1，则它的反函数y =f － 1(x )的图象是(D) 4.若21-=a ，则-+-22161161a C a C (16) 1616151516a C a C +-的值为 A.8 2- B. 8 2 C.() 16 2 2- D.( ) 16 2 2+ 5“p 或q 为真命题”是“p 且q 为真命题”的（ ） A 充分不必要条件； B 必要不充分条件； C 充要条件； D 既不充分又不必要条件 6.曲线y =2x 4上的点到直线y =－x －1的距离的最小值为
雅礼中学简介长沙四大名校 精品文档，仅供参考
雅礼中学简介长沙四大名校 长沙市雅礼中学(Yali Middle School)是湖南省首批挂牌的八所重点中学之一、全国文明单位、全国现代教育技术实验学校，也是湖南省示范性普通高级中学。以下是本站小编为大家带来的雅礼中学简介，希望能帮助到大家! 雅礼中学简介 历史沿革编辑 创校初期 教学楼上的校徽1901年初，耶鲁大学少数毕业校友，倡议到中国创办教育科技事业。1902年6月22日，雅礼协会成立。1906年6月，租得西牌楼民房数间作为校舍，开办雅礼大学堂。1907年，在学校对面租用民房开办了雅礼医院(实为诊所)。1914年，学校成立大学本科。1914年7月，雅礼协会与湖南育群学会合办湘雅医科学校(湘雅意即湖南雅礼)。1916年，麻园岭新校舍第一期工程竣工，学院迁来新址。1920年，合并湘雅医学预科。此时，学校规模已渐完备，有了文、理、医预三科，因此正式定名为雅礼大学。1926年冬，学校因大革命政局影响而停办，直至1928年。1928年，长沙停办学校纷纷恢复。 [3] 曲折发展 雅礼中学(4张) 1929年9月，经当时政府教育部批准立案，雅礼中学恢
复。1937年，王光鼎和谭安琪两位老师到沅陵筹办雅礼沅陵分校。 [4] 1951年，学校改名为解放中学。1952年暑假，雅礼中学改制为长沙市第五中学。 [5] 1966年6月，文化大革命开始，学校停课。1968年，学校复课。 [6] 改革兴盛1985年初，长沙市第五中学恢复了与美国雅礼协会中断35年的联系。 1985年8月25日，长沙市第五中学正式被湖南省教育厅批准复名为雅礼中学。1992年，长沙市雅礼中学被湖南省教委首批授予湖南省重点中学的牌匾。1992年8月，湖南省教委批准在长沙市雅礼中学等三所重点中学中开办理科实验班。1995年2月，长沙市编制委员会确定长沙市雅礼中学为正县级全民事业单位。 [7] 2002年，创办长沙雅礼寄宿制中学(后改名长沙市南雅中学)。2009年，创办北雅中学。2010年，创办长沙市雅礼雨花中学、德雅中学、怡雅中学。2012年，创办雅礼实验中学。2013年，创办长雅中学、雅礼天心中学。 [8-10] 办学条件编辑办学规模截至2014年9月，长沙市雅礼中学共有占地63000平方米，教学班60余个，学生3320人。 [1] [11-12] 此外，长沙市雅礼中学还建立了以自身为首的雅礼教育集团(共9所学校)。 [13] 雅礼教育集团下属其他学校情况一览表 校名创建时间学校属性
2019届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高考模拟 数学（理）试题 一、选择题 1．已知x R ∈，则“1x <”是“21x <”的（ ） A. 充分不必要条件 B. 必要不充分条件 C. 充分必要条件 D. 既不充分又不必要条件 【答案】B 【解析】()()()()2 1,111,11,,11,1x x x x <∴+-<∴-<<∴-∞?- , 1x ∴< 时， 21x <的必要不充 分条件，故选B. 2．若复数z 为纯虚数且()1i z a i +=-（其中i 是虚数单位， a R ∈），则a z += （ ） 【答案】A 【解析】()()()()()1i i,1i 1i 1i i z a z a +=+∴-+=-+ , ()211i,z a a ∴=+-- 因为复数z 为纯虚数, 所以10,1,,a a z i +==-= 则1+|a z i +== ，故选A. 3．秦九韶是我国南宋时期的数学家，他在所著的《数书九章》中提出的多项式求值的秦九韶算法，至今仍是比较先进的算法.如图所示的程序框图给出了利用秦九韶算法求某多项式值的一个实例，若输入,n x 的值分别为3，3，则输出v 的值为（ ） A. 16 B. 18 C. 48 D. 143 【答案】C 【解析】初始值3,3n x == ，程序运行过程如下表所示： 1,i=2v = ，满足条件i 0≥ ，执行循环体， 1325,1v i =?+== ；满足条件i 0≥ ，执行循环体， 53116,0v i =?+== ；满足条件i 0≥ ，执行
循环体， 163048,1v i =?+==- ，不满足条件i 0≥，退出循环，输出v 的值为48 ，故选C. 【方法点睛】本题主要考查程序框图的循环结构流程图，属于中档题. 解决程序框图问题时一定注意以下几点：(1) 不要混淆处理框和输入框；(2) 注意区分程序框图是条件分支结构还是循环结构；(3) 注意区分当型循环结构和直到型循环结构；(4) 处理循环结构的问题时一定要正确控制循环次数；(5) 要注意各个框的顺序,（6）在给出程序框图求解输出结果的试题中只要按照程序框图规定的运算方法逐次计算，直到达到输出条件即可. 4．已知非零向量,,a b c 满足0a b c ++=，向量,a b 的夹角为120°，且2b a =，则向量a 与c 的夹角为 （ ） A. 180° B. 150° C. 120° D. 90° 【答案】D 【解析】0a b c c a b ++=?=-- ，设a 与c 的夹角为θ ，则根据向量的数量积可得 () 2···c o s ···a a b a a b a c a c a a b a a b θ----=== --+ ，根据 a 与 b 关系， () 2 2 ··cos120,a b a b a a b a b ==-+= -- 2 2 2?3a b a b a ++= ，代入可得cos 0θ= ，则 为两向量垂直，夹角为90 ，故选D. 5．已知数列{}n a 是公差为2的等差数列，且125,,a a a 成等比数列，则8S =（ ） A. 36 B. 49 C. 64 D. 81 【答案】C 【 解 析 】 1252,6a a a a =-= + , ()() 2 2152226a a a a a ∴==-+ , 解得 218 87 3,1,82642 a a S ?===+?= ，故选C. 6．一个多面体的三视图如图所示，其中正视图是正方形，侧视图是等腰三角形，则该几何体的表面积为 （ ） A. 88 B. 98 C. 108 D. 168
20XX年中学测试 中 学 试 题 试 卷 科目： 年级： 考点： 监考老师： 日期：
2021届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三第六次月考 文科综合试卷地理部分 (试题共39题;时量150分钟;分值300分) (第一卷选择题部分共140分) 一.选择题(每题4分共140分) 某学校地理小组对地球某区域进行考察，（如图，其中AD线为晨昏线圈的某一段）他们在D点某日发现太阳从正北升起，据此完成1-3题。 1．此时，太阳直射点的地理坐标为 A．115oW 、0o B．115oW、23o26′N C．0o 0o D．115oE、23o26′S 2．此时与北京处于同一日期的范围占全球的 A．大于二分之一 B．小于二分之一 C．等于四分之三 D．等于三分之二 3．当C地与D地昼夜长短相同时，下列现象可能发生的是 A．华北平原正值小麦的种植期 B．巴西高原一片枯黄 C．莱茵河水量大增 D．长城站正处于极夜期 下图为某地等压线分布图，读图回答4—6题。 4．该图表示的时间可能是 A．1月 B．4月 C．7月D．10月 5．此时，图中P盛行 A．西南风 B．东南风 C．西北风D．东北风 6．下列关于此时P盛行风成因的叙述，正确的是 A．沿岸洋流的影响 B．气压带和风带位置的季节移动 C．城市人口集中产生的“热岛效应” 20oE C B D 0o
D．海陆热力性质的差异 下图是a,b,c,d 4种农产品产值百分比的扇面示意图，读图回答7一9题。 7．如果a,b,c,d分别代表我国某自然村的4种农产品（依次为乳产品、玉米、蔬菜、苹果）占该村农业总产值的比重，那么，影响该村农业地域类型的主要因素是 A.政策 B.市场 C.交通 D.气候 8．该自然村的位置可能在 A.杭州市附近 B.长春市附近 C.昆明市附近 D.西安市附近声 9．和该自然村距离较近的旅游景观是 A.浙江千岛湖 B.吉林雾淞 C.昆明世博园 D.西安秦陵兵马俑 读下列资料，回答10～11题。 为了加速我国繁荣的长江三角洲地区经济和社会的一体化进程，跨越整个杭州湾、全长36千米、6车道公路的我国内地第一座跨海斜拉大桥正在建设。而奔涌了千百年、“壮观天下无”的钱江潮将不会因为世界第一跨海长桥的建设而受到影响。大桥连接杭州湾南岸的宁波慈溪和北岸的嘉兴平湖，使宁波到上海的路程缩短120公里。 专家认为这将加速以上海为龙头的长三角国际级都市圈成形。 10．杭州湾跨海大桥的修建的要区位优势有 A．合理布局杭州湾地区的交通网，缓解杭州湾地区的运输紧张状况，促进“长三角”的发展 B．自然因素已不是现代交通运输线建设需考虑的因素 C．海域风浪小，海水对大桥的影响小 D．杭州湾水文地质条件单一 11．宋代时，杭州西湖上漂浮的架田(人们做成木架浮在水面，将木架里填满带泥的水草根，让水草生长纠结填满框架而成为人造耕地)。一度使湖面越来越小，灌溉能力越来越小，甚至连市民生活用水也成问题。因此，文学家苏东坡任杭州通判时，将架田挖起，堆积成今天的苏堤。但是，开挖西湖并没有阻止架田在江南地区的发展，到了南宋时期，架田在江南已较为普遍。原因是： A．架田可以“随坡逐流”，便于人口迁徙
雅礼中学2021届高三月考试卷（七） 数 学 第Ⅰ卷 一、单项选择题：本大题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只 有一项是符合题目要求的． 1．已知全集为实数集，集合{}3|6A x x =-<<，{} 2|9140B x x x +-=<，则()U A B ?= A ．(2,6) B ．(2,7) C ．(]3,2- D ．()3,2- 2．若3 112i z i i += ?-，则z 的虚部为 A ．15 B ．15 C ．35 D ．35 3．函数2 () ()1 x x x e e f x x --=-的图象大致是 A ． B ． C ． D ． 4．某新晋网红一线城市鹅城人口模型近似为0.012250024t P e =，其中0t =表示2020年的人口 数量，则鹅城人口数量达到320000的年份大约是（ln20.693≈，ln3 1.099≈，ln5 1.609≈） A ．2040年 B ．2045年 C ．2030年 D ．2050年 5．我们打印用的A4，之所以是这个比值，是因为把纸张对折，得到 纸张的形状不变．已知圆柱的母线长小于底面圆的直径长（如图所示），它的轴截面ABCD 为一张A4纸，若点E 为上底面圆上弧AB 的中点，则异面直线DE 与AB 所成的角约为
A ． 6 π B ． 4 π C ． 3 π D ． 23 π 6．十二生肖，又称十二属相，与中国传统文化中的十二地支呈现一一对应关系，分别为子鼠、 丑牛、寅虎、卯兔、辰龙、巳蛇、午马、未羊、申猴、西鸡、戌狗、亥猪．现有十二生肖吉祥物各一件，甲、乙、丙三位同学分别随机抽取一件作为礼物．甲同学喜欢马、牛，乙同学喜欢马、龙、狗，丙同学除了鼠不喜欢外其他的都喜欢，则这三位同学恰好都抽到各自喜欢的礼物的概率是 A ． 3 88 B ． 344 C ． 120 D ． 944 7．唐代诗人李颀的诗《古从军行》开头两句说：“白日登山望烽火，黄昏饮马傍交河．”诗 中隐含着一个有趣的数学问题——“将军饮马”问题，即将军在观望烽火之后从山脚下某处出发，先到河边饮马后再回到军营，怎样走才能使总路程最短？在平面直角坐标系中，设军营所在区域为221x y +≤，若将军从点(2,0)A 处出发，河岸线所在直线方程为3x y +=，并假定将军只要到达军营所在区域即回到军营，则“将军饮马”的最短总路程为 A ．1 B ．1- C ． D ． 8．将函数()4sin( )2 2 f x x π π =- 和直线()1g x x =-的所有交点从左到右依次记为1A ，2A ，???， n A 若P 点坐标为(，则12||n PA PA PA ++ += A ．0 B ．2 C ．6 D ．10 二、多项选择题：本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，有 多项符合题目要求．全部选对的得5分，有选错的得0分，部分选对的得2分． 9．某调查机构对全国互联网行业进行调查统计，得到如下整个互联网行业从业者年龄分布饼 状图、“90后”从事互联网行业闵位分布条形图，则下列结论中正确的是
湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2020-2021学年上学期高三 第五次月考语文试题 学校_________ 班级__________ 姓名__________ 学号__________ 一、非连续性文本阅读 1. 阅读下面的文字，完成各题。 材料一 ①戏剧是由演员在舞台上妆扮表演且以代言体叙述故事的艺术。戏剧的代言体，是指演员在舞台上通过化妆和摹仿等手段假定性地化身为戏剧人物，不仅以该戏剧人物的身份、言语和行动，更通过样貌、声音和行为模式等途径，努力营造如同真正的戏剧人物出现于观众面前的幻觉。戏曲用独特的脚色制，将所有演员分为不同的行当、帮助观众跨越演员和戏剧人物之间的界限。脚色制不仅是戏曲内部的行业制度，更是用以表现不同类型戏剧人物的表演体制，具有丰富的美学内涵。 ②戏剧这种艺术样式以演员的表演为媒介，通过有限的演员，把整个人类历史与现实作为其表现对象。戏剧的本质特征是由演员“扮演”人物，但演员数量是有限的，而戏剧人物是无限的，演员与戏剧人物无法一一对应。观演双方的关系，就建立在观众认同演员在舞台上通过扮演转化为戏剧人物这一重要默契的基础上。但默契的前提是戏剧表演者所运用的艺术化手段，能引导观众忽视有限的演员需在不同戏剧作品中扮演无限多的戏剧人物这一明显的矛盾。这就需要演员在不同剧目（甚至在同一剧目）中扮演不同戏剧人物时采用合适的手段和途径，为观众营造误将演员视同戏剧人物的幻觉。 ③戏曲更倾向于通过将所有戏剧人物按照表演艺术的需要分为不同的“类”，这里所说的“类”的表现方式就是“脚色”。 ④戏曲的脚色制指戏班剧团里的所有演员都分门别类归属于各自的“行当”。每个戏曲演员都有相对固定的具体分工，分别司职扮演某一类戏剧人物，是谓“脚色”。如洛地所言，“脚色，是因演员设置分工而划分、安排的剧中人物的分类，同时又是按剧中人物分类而安排、划分的演员分工。”“脚色”和一般的戏剧术语“角色”之间有着截然不同的内涵。每个脚色都有其按例应该负责扮演的戏剧人物，即“角色”。 ⑤在戏曲成熟之前脚色制就已经形成其雏形。学者延保全通过对大量宋金元文物的考证，指出“宋杂剧通常有五个脚色，其中包括末泥、引戏、副净、副末和装孤”。金院本的脚色体制亦与之相同。然而，直至南宋戏文出现，对后世影响深远的脚色体系才真正形成。始于北宋末年或两宋之交的南宋戏文有