2002年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语试题
Paper One
Part I Vocabulary and Structure(25 minutes，10 points)
Directions：There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section．For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose the one that best completes the sentence．Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center．
1．Experiments in the photography of moving objects in both the United States and Europe well before 1990．
A．have been conducting B．were conducting
C．had been conducted D．are conducted
2．After long negotiations，the firm to build a double-purpose bridge across the river．A．contracted B．contacted C．consulted D．Convinced
3．Diderot was also a philosophical materialist，that thought developed from the movements and changes of matter．
A．believing B．have been located C．believes D．be locating
4．We felt to death because we could make nothing of the lecturer‘s speech．
A．exposed B．tired C．exhausted D．bored
5．The population of many Alaskan cities has doubled in the past three years．A．larger than B．more than C．as great as D．as many as
6．It was very difficult to build a power station in the deep valley，but it as we had hoped．A．came off B．went off C．brought out D．made out
7．A baby might show fear of an unfamiliar adult，he is likely to smile and reach out to another infant．A．if B．whenever C．so that D．whereas
8．Christmas is a holiday usually celebrated on December 25th the birth of Jesus Christ．A．in accordance with B．in terms of
C．in favor of D．in honor of
9．Weather ，there will be an open air party with live music here this weekend．
A．permits B．should permit
C．will permit D．permitting
10．When workers are organized in trade unions，employers find it hard to lay them ．.
A．off B．aside
C．out D．down
11．The symbols of mathematics we are most familiar are the signs of addition，subtraction，multiplication，division and equality．
A．to which B．which
C．with which D．in which
12．The machines in this workshop are not regulated but are jointly controlled by a central computer system．
A．inevitably B．individually
C．irrespectively D．irregularly
13．We are sure that to do this face to face，he would find it difficult to express himself without losing his temper．
A．were he to try B．would he try
C．was he trying D．if he tries
l4．The local people were joyfully surprised to find the prices of vegetables no longer according to the weather．
A．evaluated B．converted
C．fluctuated D．modified
l5．he realized it was already too late for us to return home．
A．No sooner it grew dark when B．Hardly it grew dark than
C．It was not until dark that D．Scarcely it grew dark than
16．Without computer network，it would be impossible to carry on any business operation in the advanced countries．
A．practically B．preferably
C．precisely D．possibly
17．will Mr．Forbes be able to regain control of the company．
A．With hard work B．As regards his hard work
C．Only if he works hard D．Despite his hard Work
18．From the incident they have learned a lesson：decisions often lead to bitter regrets．A．urgent B．hasty
C．instant D．prompt
19．What the teacher of the science class does and says of great importance to the students at college．A．was B．are
C．is D．were
20．The Chinese community there，consisting of 67 000 ，is the largest concentration of Chinese outside Asia．
A．visitors B．workers
C．adults D．inhabitants
Part II Reading Comprehension(70 minutes，40 points)
Directions：There are 5 passages in this part．Each of the passages is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are 4 choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center．
Passage One
In the United States the way people spend their leisure time is an important part of their identity．Perhaps everybody does nearly the same thing all day in the office or the factory，but leisure time is what makes people distinct and reveals who they are．Some people like rock music，for example，and others may like jazz or classical music．Some people are runners or swimmers，and others are“couch(睡椅)potatoes”who“surf”the television channels with a remote control．Some go to museums while others spend long hours at a shopping centre．These kinds of choices are ways that people define themselves．
It hasn‘t always been this way．“Leisure time”was almost unknown in the United States in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries．When most people worked on farms，the workday was from sunrise to sunset every day except Sunday，which was devoted to church．Later，with the rise of factories and city populations，people worked equally long hours and had only Sunday for rest．Some people did many of the things then that they do now—attend concerts，have parties，go to restaurants．read novels，or play sports—but to a much lesser extent.
Slowly，throughout the twentieth century，leisure time grew．Technology made farm work less burdensome．and changes in laws shortened the factory work day and week．New inventions such as the phonograph(留声机)and the radio gave people access to music and mass entertainment on a scale unknown
before．People gradually became consumers of entertainment，and businesses competed fiercely for their dollars．
For many people leisure time means going somewhere—to a museum , to a concert , to a restaurant, or to a baseball game , for example. Or it means doing something such as playing volleyball，backpacking，swimming，biking，or playing in a park with their children．For other people free time means staying home with wonderful sources of entertainment，such as a VCR，stereo(立体声系统)，or cable TV with dozens of channels．Others pursue creative activities such as cooking，gardening，and home improvement．The latest stay-at-home activity is“surfing the net”—that is．looking for information and entertainment on the Internet．People in the United States are basically not much different from others in what they do in their leisure time．The real difference may lie in the energy，time，money，and sheer enthusiasm that they devote to it．21．“Couch potatoes”in paragraph 1 refers to those who ．
A．control their viewing of TV programs B．are happy watching situation comedies
C．watch TV while eating potato chips D．are crazy about watching TV programs 22．According to the passage，in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries，some Americans ．A．worked from sunrise to sunset seven days a week
B．preferred working in factories to working on farms
C．had many of the leisure time activities that people now have
D．fought for shorter working hours and more leisure time
23．Apart from technology，the growing leisure time throughout the twentieth century is also due to．A．changes in laws B．mass entertainment
C．new types of consumption D．competitive businesses
24．In terms of leisure time activities，people in the United States．
A．enjoy a larger variety than people in other countries
B．are not much different from people in other countries
C．enjoy more stay—at—home activities such as“surfing the net’’
D．are less energetic and enthusiastic than others
Passage Two
Whether you are logging on to your personal computer，using a credit card，or disarming a door security system，passwords or PINs (personal identification numbers)jealously guard access to numerous regular operations．It is estimated that within ten years，consumers could be faced with handling more than 100 passwords! Given the popularity of passwords，how Can you choose ones that are sufficiently complicated to be secure yet are simple enough to remember?
There are basic guidelines to bear in mind．First，the don‘ts．Don‘t use as a password your name or that of a member of your family，even in modified form．Also avoid use of your telephone number，your Social Security number，or your address．Such information Can easily be obtained by a determined hacker(黑客)．In addition，if possible，don‘t use passwords made up entirely of letters or digits．A relatively simple computer program can crack such a code quickly．Finally，do not use a word that can be found in any dictionary，even a foreign-language one．Huge lists are available that contain words，place names，and proper names from all languages．Programs can test for variations of these words，such as if they are spelled backward，capitalized，or combined．
So，what kinds of passwords should be used? Usually ones that have a minimum of six to eight characters and that have a mixture of upper—and lower-case letters，digits，and punctuation(标点)symbols．How difficult is it to crack such a combination of characters? One source says that“a machine that could try one million passwords per second would require，on the average，over one hundred years．”
How can you choose a combination that is easy to remember?Some suggest that you take the title of
a favorite book or film or a line from a song or poem and use the first letter from each word as your password，adding capital letters，punctuation，or other characters．For example，“to be or not to be”could become“2B ／not2B”．
Other suggestions include taking two short words and link them with a punctuation character．such as “High。?Bug ”or“Song；Tree”．
Taking into account the suggestions outlined above can help you to protect important information from unwanted hackers．Remember，too，the importance of changing your passwords regularly．Just a final comment：Whatever passwords you decide to use，don‘t pick any of the examples given above．25．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．How to strengthen security through a password．
B．How to choose a password that is easy to remember．
C．How to prevent your password from being cracked．
D．How to choose a safe and convenient password．
26．Why shouldn‘t we use a word that can be found in any dictionary as a password?
A．Because it can be easily remembered by a computer hacker．
B．Because computer programs can crack it．
C．Because computer hackers are determined to crack it．
D．Because the lists are so huge that the words are not easy to remember．
27．If you are choosing a password for your computer．which of the following is the best choice?
A．iaHgnahs B．I 9730508
C．2B／not2B D．Re-B,p12
28．How can you choose a password that is both secure and simple to remember?
A．Taking the title of your favorite book or film．
B．Taking a line from a song or poem you like best．
C．Making up a nonsensical word which cannot be found in any dictionary．
D．Using two short words linked with a punctuation character．
Passage Three
According to a concerned 1 997 article in the Boston Globe，the United States spent less than one percent of its transportation budget on facilities for pedestrians(行人)．Actually，I‘m surprised it was that much．Go to almost any suburb developed in the last 30 years，and you will not find a sidewalk anywhere．Often you won‘t find a single pedestrian crossing．
I was made fully aware of this one summer when we were driving across Maine and stopped for coffee in one of those endless zones of shopping malls(购物中心)，motels，gas stations and fast—food places．I noticed there was a bookstore across the street，so I decided to forget coffee and go there to have a look．Although the bookshop was no more than 70 or 80 feet away．I discovered that there was no way to cross over six lanes of swiftly moving traffic on foot without putting myself in danger．In the end，I had to get in our Car and drive across．
At the time，it seemed ridiculous and annoying，but afterward I realized that 1 was possibly the only person ever to have thought of crossing the street on foot．
The fact is，we not only don‘t walk anywhere anymore in this country，we won‘t walk anywhere，and dislike anyone who tries to make US，as the city of Laconia，N．H．discovered．In the early 1970s，Laconia spent millions on a comprehensive urban renewal project，which included building a pedestrian mall to make shopping more pleasant．Esthetically(美学上)it was a triumph—urban planners came from all over to praise and take photos—but commercially it was a disaster．Forced to walk one whole block from a parking garage，shoppers abandoned downtown Laconia for suburban malls．
In 1 994 Laconia dug up its pretty paving blocks，took away the flowers and decorative trees，and brought back the cars．Now people can park right in front of the stores again，and downtown Laconia thrives again．And if that isn‘t sad．I don‘t know what is．
29．In paragraph 1，“I‘ m surprised it was that much”means the author thinks
A．the government spends too much on facilities for pedestrians
B．the government spends just enough on facilities for pedestrians
C．the amount is more than he has expected
D．the amount is less than he has expected
30．In Maine the author had to drive to a bookstore 70 or 80 feet away because
A．it was practically impossible for him to cross the street on foot
B．the street was actually too broad to cross on foot
C．it was against the traffic regulations to cross the street Oil foot
D．no one has ever walked across such a crowded street
31．According to the author，most Americans．
A．don‘t care much about the lack of facilities for pedestrians
B．think it ridiculous and annoying to have no crossing for pedestrians
C．are interested in building the facilities for pedestrians
D．have realized the importance of the facilities for pedestrians
32．What is sad according to the author?
A．The Laconia urban renewal project was poorly supported．
B．Laconia has become a busy shopping center again．
C．People park their cars right in front of the stores．
D．Most Americans are reluctant to walk even a single block．
Passage Four
Dear Sirs，
Your shipment of twelve thousand ?Smart‘watches was received by our company this morning．However，we wish to make a number of complaints concerning the serious delay in delivery and your failure to carry out our specific instructions with regard to this order．
It was stressed from the beginning that the delivery date had to be less than six weeks from the initial order．in order to meet our own customers‘ requirements．While we understand that delays in production are occasionally inevitable，we must point out that the major reason why the order was placed with your company was because we were assured by you of its speed of delivery，and that your existing stocks were sufficiently high to ensure immediate shipment．Late delivery of the goods has caused US to disappoint several of our most valued customers，and is bound to have a negative effect on potential future orders．
The second complaint concerns the difference in color between the watches we ordered and those delivered．It was stated clearly in the original order that watches in combinations of green／purple and orange ／purple only were required．However，only half the watches in the delivery received are of the colors specified．Our Hong Kong agent assures US that she stressed to you the importance of following our instructions precisely，since we consider there to be only a limited market in this country for watches of other colors at the present time．Any watches that are not of the specified colors will，of course，be returned to you．We are also somewhat concerned about the rather poor quality of the goods received，since it is apparent that the watches that finally arrived have been produced from inferior materials and have been manufactured to a lower standard than those in the sample．We have also found that a number of the watches do not appear to be functioning．Whether the latter problem is due to poor manufacture，damage during transportation or bad batteries is not yet clear，but we should like to point out that we feel this matter to be entirely your
responsibility．
As a result of the above problems，therefore，we feel that the most suitable course of action is to return to you unpaid any of the goods considered unsatisfactory，and to subtract any resultant costs from our final settlement．We shall also，of course，be forced to reconsider whether any further orders should be placed with your company．
We look forward to your prompt reply．
Yours sincerely，
John Smith
33．The manufacturers of“Smart”watches were given the order because ．
A．they produced the best watches of its kind in the world
B．the watches would be easy to make and the designs were already prepared
C．they promised they could produce enough stocks quite quickly
D．they claimed the order would be easy since the watches were already in stock
34．Receiving watches in the wrong colors is a problem because ．
A．the Hong Kong agent stressed the need to fulfill the order exactly
B．these watches will be difficult to sell
C．these watches will not be able to get into the limited market
D．people will not buy the watches as presents
35．“The latter problem”in paragraph 4 refers to——．
A．the poor quality of the goods
B．the use of inferior materials
C．the IOW standard of manufacture
D．some of the watches not working
36．The last sentence of paragraph 5“We shall also，of course，be forced to…with your company”suggests that ．
A．the company may stop trading with the watch manufacturers
B．the company will probably reduce the number of watches to be ordered in the future
C．the writer is afraid their company might go out of business soon
D．the company is probably willing to give the manufacturers another chance
Passage Five
In London，two weeks ago a class of students made legal history by winning a lawsuit against their college for poor teaching．
In this landmark case the group all passed their course in historic vehicle restoration，but sued(起诉)the Oxfordshire college they had attended，claiming their qualifications were worthless because none had gained jobs in the field．The fact that the course was substantially different from that promised meant they won their case．
James Groves，general secretary of the National Postgraduate Committee in UK reports that students are getting better at complaining．“They are starting to see themselves as consumers of a product，and are reacting accordingly when things don‘t go right．Most importantly，they usually are paying their own fees and expect to get what they have paid for．”
Groves says most complaints to his organization are about facilities and the quality of supervision．He says that more students seem to make complaints might be due simply to the fact that universities are getting better at dealing with them．“In the past there was a tendency for colleges to brush these things aside．Today，most universities observe a code of practice and complaints are taken more seriously．”
He adds that students with complaints should first talk informally with the person concerned，taking a
“friendly but firm attitude．”
Jaswinder Gill，who represented the students in the Oxfordshire case，is co-author of a recently published book：“Universities and Students．”He says the Oxfordshire case is interesting because the majority of students finished the course and were awarded qualifications．“Previously，students have sued when they failed to gain qualifications．But it is not now good enough for universities and colleges to say to grieving students：‘You‘ve got your qualification，so what‘s the problem?’It‘s about the quality of that qualification．”
The students argued that promises made in the college introduction，in course material and by course representatives during interviews were not met．Promised job opportunities in the industry failed to materialize，as did the promised 50 per cent of practical and vocational work，and basic tools had not been available．Gill suggests that in such cases it is easy to prove the college at fault．
37．What made the students of Oxfordshire win their case?
A．None of them gained jobs a few years after graduation
B．The students failed to get their qualifications．
C．They didn‘t get what they had been promised．
D．They were over—charged by the college they attended．
38．According to James Groves，．’
A．more students make complaints because universities take their criticism more seriously
B．through handling more complaints from the students，universities have learnt how to deal with them C．college students tend to make complaints about the facilities of their schools
D．most university authorities tend to brush student complaints aside
39．According to the passage，the students are complaining about their education，because A．more courses provided by universities fail to meet the promised quality
B．students want to pay for a consumption worth their own money
C．when things don‘t go right students have the right to react accordingly
D．students require universities to provide the best facilities and quality supervision
40．In the Oxfordshire case．what did the college promise?
A．50％of the students could get their qualifications through the course．
B．50％of the students would receive quality education．
C．50％of the students could find a job in the field．
D．50％of the time would be spent practicing in the field．
Part III Cloze Test(20 minutes，5 points)
Directions：There are 10 blanks in the．following passage．For each numbered blank，there are 4 choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single，line through，he center．
How does water scarcity affect people? First of all，it 41 their health．It is not that they will die of thirst；rather，the poor quality of the water 42 for cooking and drinking may make them ill．
43 our bodies require water to treat waste products，plentiful water is required for proper sanitation (卫生) —water that for much of mankind is simply not available．44 people without adequate sanitation rose from 2.6 billion in 1990 to 2.9 billion in 1999．And sanitation is literally a matter of life and death．In a 45 statement，United Nations officials warned：“When children lack water that is fit for drinking and sanitation，virtually every aspect of their health and development is 46 ．”
Food production is dependent on water．Many crops，of course，are watered by rain，but in recent times irrigation has become the key：47 the world‘s booming population．Today 36 percent of the world‘s harvest depends on irrigation．
If plentiful water flows out of every tap in our home and if we have a clean toilet(抽水马桶)that conveniently washes out waste，it may be 48 to believe that the world is running out of an adequate supply of water．We should remember，however，that only 20 percent of mankind enjoy such 49 ．In Africa many women spend as much as six hours a day 50 water．
41．A．hurts B．harms C．injures D．destroys
42．A．valuable B．desirable C．capable D．available
43．A．As for B．As well as C．Just as D．Such as
44．A．The number of B．A number of C．Numbers of D．Numerous
45．A．joining B．joined C．join D．joint
46．A．at a loss B．at a11 costs C．at worst D．at risk
47．A．to feed B．to feeding C．for feed D．for feeding
48．A．hard B．easy C．sure D．usual
49．A．decorations B．luxuries C．wastes D．recreations
50．A．bringing B．taking C．fetching D．carrying
Paper Two
Part IV Translation(35 minutes，15 points)
Directions：Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET．
Since 1981，farmers in Holland have been encouraged to adopt“green”farming techniques that were thought to benefit plant and bird life．Farmers who have voluntarily adopted these measures are compensated by the European Union．The goal of the program is to work against the negative effects of modem fanning，such as declines in species diversity and the disturbance of local nesting grounds．
The“green”methods of farming cost the European Union about 1.7 billion Euros annually．This is about 4 percent of the budget for“Common Agricultural Policy,”and the compensation is expected to rise to 10 percent within the next few years．
Various forms of“green farming”employed around the world have proved successful, and all new methods thought to be environmentally sensitive should be subject to sound scientific evaluation to determine whether they are actually meeting the intended goals．
Part V Writing(30 minutes，15 points)
Directions：You are to write in no less than 120 words about the title“What I Consider Important in Life”．Your composition should be based on the Chinese outline given below．
1．人生有不同的目标：富有、名气、地位、幸福的家庭等…
2．其中我认为重要的是…；理由是…
3．结论…
2002年试题参考答案及解析
【答案】
Paper One
Part I Vocabulary and Structure(25 minutes，1 0 points)
1-5 CA ADB 6-10 ADDDA 11-15 CBACC 16-20 ACBCD
Part II Reading Comprehension(70 minutes，40 points)
21-25 DCABD 26-30 BDDCA 31-35 ADDBD 36-40 ACABD
Part III Cloze Test(20 minutes，5 points)
41-45 BDCAD 46-50 DBABC
Paper Two
Part IV Translation(35 minutes，15 points)
1981年以来，荷兰农民被鼓励采用被认为有利于植物和鸟类的“绿色”耕种技术。自愿采用这种技术的农民由欧盟给与补偿。该项目的目的是消除现代农业所带来的负面影响，如物种多样性的下降、对当地筑巢所在地的侵扰等。
欧盟每年用于“绿色”耕种技术(方法)的费用达17亿欧元，大约占“共同农业政策”预算的4％，而且，该项补偿费在未来的几年内将上涨到l0％。
世界各地采用的各种形式的“绿色耕种”已证明是成功的。所有被认为对环境有影响的新方法都应该接受科学评估，以确定它们是否真正达到了预期日标。
Part V Writing (30 minutes，15 points)
It is true that everyone has various aims in his life．Some want to be rich，some want to be famous，and some want a happy family．Among all these various aims，I think the most important is a happy family．My reasons are as follows：
First，with a happy family，one can live happily and enjoy his life．One will be well looked after and all the members in the family will share the happiness and pleasure together．With a happy family，one can get a firm support and work well．In a happy family，one will have no trouble and no worry so that he will be able to give his whole heart and all the time to his work．If one works well，he will be trusted and promoted．
Therefore，I think that in our life a happy family is the most important thing．We should establish a happy family and treasure it．
【解析】
2002年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语试卷由五个部分组成，词汇与语法结构、阅读理解、完形填空等三个部分为客观题，共50道题；英译汉和短文写作两部分为主观题。本套试卷未设听力理解部分。
Part l Vocabulary and Structure(25 minutes，10 points)
l．C。该题测试考生的基本时态和语态概念。首先，这道题必须是被动语态。其次，试验是在1990年之前做的，所以必须用过去完成时态。
译文：1990年以前美国和欧洲业已开展了有关移动物体摄影技术的实验。
2．A。该题测试contract作为动词的用法，意思是“签约，订约”，属经贸用语，列在大纲contract词条动词定义的第三项。大多数考生对 contract的名词用法比较熟悉，对其动词用法可能比较陌生，尤其是作为不及物动词的用法，因此，虽然选A的考生所占比例略高，但四个选项百分比接近，尤其是B、C和D。考生如果知道contact，consult和convince一般接宾语，再把句子的意思弄懂，选出正确答案的可能性是很大的。
译文：经过长时间的谈判协商，公司签约承包建造横跨河流的两用大桥。
3．A。这道题测试句子结构知识。believing是现在分词，作前面单词materialist的定语，其余三个选项插入句中都会出现严重的句子结构错误，B和D还会引起句义混乱。
译文：狄德罗也是一个哲学唯物主义者，相信思想源于物质的运动和变化。
4．D。该题测试考生对全句的理解，要求考生根据句子的意义选择词义。从搭配上看，句中空白出现在to death短语前，而to death表示“极度”，B、C、D都可能成立。但后半句提到“我们听不懂讲演者的演说”，tired意为“疲惫的”，exhausted意为“极其疲倦的”，词义虽然接近，但有出入，而A项“暴露”词义相去更远，只有D项“无趣的”贴切，所以D是正确答案。
译文：我们感觉到无聊死了因为我们根本听不懂这个演讲者的讲演。
5．B。more than表示“比…更…”，用作副词。在本句中，它用来修饰谓语动词doubled。larger than是比较级用法，意思是“比…大；比…多”；as great as和as many as是同级比较，意思是“与…一样多”，A项、C项和D项都需要比较对象，而原句中没有，因此，这三项都是错误的。
译文：阿拉斯加许多城市的人口在过去三年里增加了一倍多。
6．A。该题测试词组的用法。come off表示“成功；结果是”；go off意为“离去，走掉”；
bring out意为“使显出”；make out意为“辨别出；理解”。
译文：在峡谷深处建电站是很困难的，但是，像我们希望的那样，电站建成了。”
7．D。从句义看，该句需选择一个表示转折的连接词，即whereas 。be likely to意为“很可能”。
译文：婴儿也许会害怕陌生的成年人，但是他很可能会向另外一个婴儿微笑并伸出手。
8．D。根据句意需选择in honor of，意为“为纪念…”。in accordance with意为“与…一致；依据”；in terms o意为“根据；在…方面”；in favor of意为“赞成”。Jesus Christ 指“耶稣基督”。
译文：圣诞节是纪念基督耶稣的诞生的一个节日，它通常是在12月25号那天庆祝。
9．D。这是分词独立结构，作状语，需选择permitting。分词独立结构自带“天气”这一主语，
译文：如果天气允许的话，本周末将有一个露天聚会，会上有现场音乐演奏。
10．A。lay off意为“解雇”；lay aside意为“搁臵”；lay out意为“安排，布臵”；lay down意为“放下；拟定”。
译文：当工人以工会的方式组织起来时，雇主会发现很难将工人解雇。
11．C。该题测试词组的用法和句前带介词的从句用法。本题be familiar with词组中的介词with移到which引导的we are most familiar从句前。familiar之后既能接with，也能接to。familiar with指人对某人或事物熟悉，主语是有生命的名词；familiar to指某件事情对某人来讲熟悉，主语是无生命的名词。既然从句的主语是we，所以必须用with。
译文：我们最为熟悉的数学符号就是加、减、乘、除和等号。
12． B。只有individually表示“单独地”。inevitably意为“不可避免地”；irrespectively 意为“不考虑；不顾”irregularly意为“不定期地”。
译文：这个车间的机器不是单独控制的，而是通过计算机中心控制系统统一控制的。
13．A。.这是一道虚拟语气题，表示与现在的事实相反。在该句中，从句采用倒装形式，省去了if。从句还原后的顺序是：If he were to try to do this face to face，he would find it difficult to express himself without losing his temper．
译文：我们确定：如果他试图面对面地做这些，他就会发现不得不用发脾气的方式表达情感。
14．C。该题测试考生对难词词义的掌握情况，从某种意义上讲，也测试了词汇量。该句的意思是：“当地人非常高兴地发现蔬菜的价格不再随着气候而波动。”只有fluctuate意为“波动”。evaluate意为“评估”；convert意为“转换”；modify意为“修改”。convert有“转变，
转换”的意思，但一般不与price一起用。
译文：当地居民惊喜地发现菜价不再随天气的变化波动了。
15．C。该题测试句型掌握情况，本句测试it is not until…that…句型。若不熟悉no sooner…than…、hardly…when…和scarcely…when…三个句型，考生将很难选出正确答案。
译文：天黑了他才意识到现在我们回家已经是太晚了。
16．A。Practically意为“实际上；几乎，简直”，在句中表示强调。preferably表示“更合意地”，precisely意为“精确地”，都与题意不符；possibly与句子中的impossible相矛盾。
译文：没有计算机网络，在发达国家进行商务运作是根本不可能的。
17．C。该题测试句型掌握情况。这个句子以only引导，句中的主语和谓语必须倒装，应选择C。
译文：福布斯先生只有努力工作才能够重新控制公司。
18．B。这是一道词义辨析题。hasty意为“仓促的”；urgent意为“紧急的”；instant
意为“立即的；紧迫的”；prompt意为“敏捷的，迅速的”。四个选项意义虽有交叉，但只有hasty最准确。从搭配上讲，hasty也应该是最佳选择。urgent一词无贬义，而hasty可以有贬义。
译文：从这个事件中，他们吸取了一个教训：仓促的决定常常导致后悔的苦果。
19．C。该句的主语是一个以what引导的名词性从句，其谓语必须是单数。
译文：理科班教师所说和所做的对大学的学生来说是非常重要的。”
20．D。该题测试考生根据上下文来辨析词义的能力。根据句中community一词和词组consist of，应该选inhabitants，其他选项都不合适。
译文：这里由67，000居民构成的华人社区是亚洲以外最大的中国人居住区。
Part II Reading Comprehension(70 minutes，40 points)
21．D。该题测试考生根据上下文来判断词组意义的能力。“Couch potatoes”出现在文章第一段第四句中，其意义一般的词典和大纲都不会收录，而题目要求考生对“couch potatoes”是什么样的人进行判断。第一段第三、四、五句形成一个句群，每句都表达“(闲暇时)爱好…”的意思。A项固然也指一类人，但与D项比较，跟句群“(闲暇时)爱好…”的意思无关，而D项中的crazy about与句群的意思相符。另外，句中的surf the television channels with a remote control中surf的意思是“浏览(互联网)”，在这里引申为“用遥控器换着频道看电视”，所以D项是最佳选项。
22．C。根据题目给出的信息，尤其是时间in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries，
我们知道该题答案的出处在文章的第二段。选C项的关键在于题目所给的信息some Americans。第二段最后一句讲到，“一些人(some people)同今天的人们一样做许多的事情——参加音乐会，举行聚会，去饭店就餐，看小说或者参加体育活动——但是程度要低得多。”B项是错误的，因为该项所指的活动不是some people所做的。况且，文章根本没有谈到“人们(people)”preferred working in factories to working on farms。
23．A。该题答案的出处在文章的第三段。该段的第二句话讲到，“科学技术使得农活不再成为沉重的负担，法律上的修改缩短了每天和每周的工作时间。”所以，人们休闲时间的增加除了科学技术的原因之外，就是法律的变化。
24．B。在本文的最后一段能找到本题答案的出处。最后一段讲到，“实际上，在美国的人们休闲时所从事的活动与其他(地方的)人没有多大区别。”考题着重测试考生对not．much different from others中的others的理解。
25．D。第二篇文章全文是关于计算机“密码”。文章第一段就出现了passwords和PINs。第二段谈到了选择既安全又简单易记的密码这一问题。后面的内容对这个问题做出了回答，因此答案为D。
26．B。本题答案的出处在第四段的最后三句话。文中指出语言中的词容易在词典里被查出。最后一句Programs can test for variations of these words暗示并与本段的开头两句呼应——“如果可能，不要用由字母和数字组成的密码。比较简单的计算机程序能够很快地破译这类密码。”
27．D。这道题要求考生在理解文章的基础上解决一个具体问题。做这道题的方法是排除法。根据第四段第一句话中的don’t use passwords made up entirely of letters or digits 可排除A项和B项。这篇文章的最后一句讲到，“无论你决定选择什么密码，不要采用上面提到的任何一个例子。”据此，可以排除C项。所以，D是正确答案，只有不同种类的符号、数字、横线等的组合，才是最好的选择。
28．D。根据倒数第二段的内容，比较安全和易记的密码应该是两个短词，中间加一个标点符号。选项A和B的内容虽然在文中出现了，但并不全面。
29．C。本题的出处在文章的第一段。作者介绍到，“美国用于人行道设施上的开销在其交通预算中不足1％”，尽管如此，作者对这个不足1％的数字还是感到吃惊，认为比他预想的还是要大，因为根据他的观察，用于建设人行道设施的资金严重不足。接着举例说明在这方面投入的严重不足，声称在过去30年里开发的郊区，几乎连一条人行道都找不到，通常连一条人行横道都没有。这个问题应该从两方面来看。其一，预算比作者预想的要高，因为，他“很吃惊预算会有那么多”(I’m surprised it was that much)。其二，根据他的观察，他感觉
政府在这方面花的钱实在太少!许多考生可能把题干中的amount看作作者通过观察而感觉到
的投入量，由此推断预算数量比作者预想的要少，因此选了D项。其实，“预算数量”与“感觉到的投入量”不是一回事。
30．A。第三段中讲到there was no way to cross over six lanes of swiftly moving traffic on foot without putting myself in danger。这句话的意思是，步行穿过有车辆快速行驶的车道是十分危险的，因此可以推断没有人行道直接去马路对面的书店，作者只好开车绕道去那里，所以A是正确答案。
31．A。在第四段和第五段中，作者提到，也许只有他一个人想到要步行。在美国，人们都不步行，所以大部分美国人对缺少行人设施不大关注。
32．D。作者在倒数第二段中讲到，“1994年，拉康尼亚(城市名)把铺路砖掀掉，把花和树搬走，又把汽车请回来。现在人们可以把汽车停在商店门口，拉康尼亚市中心又繁荣起来。”在文章最后作者指出，这一切都是因为美国人不愿步行造成的，他为此感到悲哀。作者用Laconia为例说明大多数美国人不愿步行，而这是造成A、B、C三项所描述现象的原因，他正是为此感到悲伤。
33．D。本题测试考生是否明白写信人当时向手表公司订货的原因。在文章的第二段，写信人提到了他们订货的两个主要原因：一是对方保证快速发货，二是your existing stocks were sufficiently high to ensure immediate shipment，也就是说，对方库里有充足的现货可以保证马上装运。第一个原因四个选项都没有涉及，而第二个原因正好是D项的内容。C 项的内容是快速生产出足够的货物，与文中快速交货的内容不符。
34．B。本题答案源于第三段倒数第二句，其中a limited market…for watches of other colors是选择的关键，意思足其他颜色的手表没有太大的销路，也就是说颜色出错的手表会有麻烦，B项内容与此一致。A项的意思是“香港代理公司强调严格满足订货的要求”，这与手表颜色出错不是因果关系。C项的意思是，“颜色出错的手表将不能进入有限的市场”，强凋的是市场进入问题，与货物市场大小、是否好卖无关。
35．D。latter problem指前面的do not appear to be functioning，即手表不走。此题的关键首先在于对latter。一词的理解。Latter的英文释义是being the second of two persons or things mentioned，也就是说，谈了两个人或东西，latter指后者。从文章的这一段来看，第一句提到了the poor quality of the goods，也就是A项的内容，第二句提出了第二个问题，即a number of the watches do not appear to be functioning，两个问题，the latter problem指“手表不走”。
36．A。该句的意思是：“…被迫重新考虑是否还会向你公司订货”。这是委婉的说法，其
实就是暗示以后不再向这家公司订货。
37．C。作者在第二段提到，学生胜诉的原因是所学课程与校方所做的承诺相去甚远，课程无任何价值，他们没有一个人在所学领域找到工作。A项的内容是“毕业几年后他们中没有一个人找到工作”，与原文“没有在所学领域内找到工作”不符。
38．A。四个选项的内容几乎都出自第四段。首先，从时态看排除D项，因为原文用的是过去时，“不考虑学生的抱怨”是过去的事情，而D项用的是现在时。其次，B项的意思是学校学会了处理学生的投诉，而原文more students seem to make complaints might be due simply to the fact that universities are getting better at dealing with them的意思是因为学校越来越善于处理投诉，所以学生的投诉越来越多，显然，B项的意思与原文不符。C项的内容确实是．James Groves说过的事情，但只是一种现象。从第四段看，他的讲话重在分析，找出学生投诉这一现象背后的原因。他认为，大学处理学生投诉的态度越来越严肃，所以大学生的投诉越来越多，而这正是A项的内容。
39．B。第三段第二句讲到，“学生将他们自己看成是产品的消费者…更重要的是他们自己支付费用，并希望得到相应的回报。”所以，当教学条件和质量达不到他们所期待的应有的水平，他们就要投诉。A项内容more courses…fail to meet the promised quality中的more 与原文不符，原文只提到historic vehicle restoration这门课。D项的出处在第四段第一句话，但D项中提到学生要求最好的设施和质量监督的内容与原文相去太远。
40．D。文章最后一段提到了牛津郡学院的承诺，即就业机会和50%的实习和职业训练的时间，而这两项都没有兑现。vocational work意为“职业训练”。
Part Ⅲ Cloze Test (20 minutes，5 points)
41．B。本题测试习惯搭配。伤害健康应该用harm；hurt表示对身体或情感的伤害；injure 指受到攻击时或发生事故时所造成的身体上的伤害。
42．D。本题测试形容词作后臵定语的用法。available表示“可获得的”，可以放在它所修饰的名词后面，而其他三个选项除意思不符外，不能后臵来修饰前面的名词。valuable意为“有价值的”；desirable意为“吸引人的”；capable意为“有能力的”。
43．C。这里需要填入表示“正如”的连接词，引导一个比较状语从句，所以C是正确答案。as for意为“至于；关于”，是介词词组；as well as是副词词组表示“与…一样”，也可以作介词词组用，表示“除…之外，也；和”；such as是介词词组。
44．A。这里指的是“人数”，所以需要用the number of。a number of表示“一些”；numbers of意为“大批，许多”；numerous意为“许多的”，它们的意思都不符合句子的意思。
45．D。本题测试习惯搭配。表示“联合声明”时，statement只能用joint来修饰，所
以选择D项。其他三个选项不符合搭配习惯。
46．D。该句的意思是：“当儿童缺少适于饮用和卫生的水时，他们健康和发育的方方面面都会受到威胁”，at risk意为“有危险”。其他选项的意思都不符合句义。at a loss意为“不知所措”；at all cost意为“不惜代价”；at worst意为“在最坏的情况下”。
47．B。该句的意思是：“…近年来，灌溉成为养活世界人口的关键。”key后面须跟to，而这里的to是介词，后面须跟名词或动名词，所以，只有B项是正确答案。
48．A。此题测试考生运根据上下文来选词的能力。全句的意思是：“如果打开我们家中的水龙头，每个龙头都流出充足的水，如果我们有干净的抽水马桶很方便地冲水，也许很难相信全世界正在耗尽其充足的水资源”。
49．B。该句的意思是：“然而，我们应该记住只有20％的人类可以享受这种奢侈”。这种“奢侈”指的是随意使用水。decoration表示“装饰物”；waste指“垃圾”；recreation指“娱乐”，均与文章大意不符。
50．C。根据上下文，应用“打水”一词，即将水从某地运回家里，英文是fetch water。carry water指“提水；将水从一个地方运到另一个地方”，而原文指打水供家里用，因此fetch 更准确。
Part IV Translation(35 minutes，15 points)
第一句：Since 1981，farmers in Holland have been encouraged to adopt“green”farming techniques that were thought to benefit plant and bird life．译文：自1981年以来，荷兰农民受鼓励一直采用那些认为是有利于植物和鸟类的“绿色”耕种技术。
注：1．本句句子结构较复杂，考生应该在认真分析句子结构的基础上进行翻译。主语是“farmers”，谓语部分使用的被动形式而且时态为现在完成时—“have been encouraged”。后面的不定式to引导的都是主语补足语。其中“that”引导的是一个定语从句修饰先行词“techniques”。
2．在翻译本句时，切不可采用一字一句翻译。而是要根据中文的行文规范调整语序。而且要注意到中文和英文各自得语言特点。英文中多使用被动语态，而中文中多使用主动形式。所以本句中两处被动形式应该适当改变。
第二句：The goal of the program is to work against the negative effects of modem farming, …
译文：该项目的目的是消除现代农业所带来的负面影响，……
注：1．本句中不定式短语做表语。
2．介词“against”在这儿不要直译为“反对”，而是根据句子意思译为“消除”。
第三句：Various forms of “green farming”employed around the world have proved successful, and all new methods thought to be environmentally sensitive should be subject to sound scientific evaluation to determine whether they are actually meeting the intended goals．
译文：世界各地采用的各种形式的“绿色耕种”已证明是成功的。所有被认为对环境有影响的新方法都应该接受科学评估，以确定它们是否真正达到了预期日标。
注：1．“and”连接的两个并列句。前一个句子中注意有一个过去分词短语“employed around the world”做后臵定语。后一个句子同样也有一个过去分词短语“thought to be environmentally sensitive”做后臵定语。注意翻译时，应把这两个后臵定语翻译到主语的前面。
2．be subject to本意为“受支配, 从属于, 可以……的, 常遭受……”，在这儿应该转译为“接受”。
Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)（略）
2003年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语试题
Paper One
Part I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes, 15 points) (略)
Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
16. Scientists estimate that about 530，000 other objects, too small to detect with radar, ____ the Earth too.
A. being circled
B. are circling
C. are to be circling
D. are being circled
17. During the past years the of automobile accidents in New York City has decreased.
A. degree
B. quantity
C. number
D. amount
18. Both approaches require that the actor his or her own personal values as well as the character‘s.
A. must understand
B. should understand
C. has to understand
D. need to understand
19. It is wrong for people to think that experts are right when they explain their ideas on some subjects.
A. steadily
B. constantly
C. persistently
D. continuously
20. We had a party last weekend, and it was a lot of fun. So let‘s have one this weekend.
A. another
B. more
C. the other
D. other
21. The brave firemen had fought for days before they managed to the forest fire.
A. put on
B. put up
C. put off
D. put out
22. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting you don‘t mind taking the night train.
A. if
B. unless
C. though
D. until
23. He that a combination of recent oil discoveries and the advance of new technology will lead to a
decline in the price of crude oil.
A. predicts
B. compels
C. arranges
D. disputes
24. in a simple style, the book clearly describes the author‘s childhood experiences in a small town.
A. Writing
B. To be written
C. Being written
D. Written
25. For these reasons, the newspaper is having problems in the north of the country.
A. distribution
B. regulation
C. recognition
D. destruction
26. The parents were much kinder to their youngest child than they were to the others, ,
of course, made the others jealous.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. who
27. ―Sorry, there are no tickets for tomorrow‘s performance,‖ the ticket officer said politely.
A. preferable
B. considerable
C. accessible
D. available
28. With temperature so rapidly, we could not go on with the experiment.
A. fell
B. fall
C. falling
D. fallen
29. History has demonstrated that countries with different social systems can join hands in meeting the common
challenges to human and development.
A. evolution
B. survival
C. satisfaction
D. damage
30. before we departed last weekend, we would have had a wonderful dinner party.
A. Had they arrived
B. Would they arrive
C. Were they arriving
D. Were they to arrive
31. A lot of people were ready to work long hours because high unemployment meant that they could easily
be .
A. separated
B. appointed
C. transferred
D. replaced
32. that saw the trade between the two countries reach its highest point.
A. During the 1990‘s
B. That it was in the 1990‘s
C. It was in the 1990‘s
D. It was the 1990‘s
33. They have been waiting for many hours. The airplane must have been .
A. of schedule
B. on schedule
C. ahead of schedule
D. behind schedule
34. The manager promised to keep me of how our business was going on.
A. informed
B. informing
C. to be informed
D. having informed
35. We can‘t afford to let the situation get worse. We have to take to put it right.
A. decisions
B. advantages
C. sides
D. steps
Part III Reading Comprehension (55 minutes, 40 points)
Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each of the passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Passage One
The worst thing about television and radio is that they entertain us, saving us the trouble of entertaining ourselves.
A hundred years ago, before all these devices were invented, if a person wanted to entertain himself with a song or a piece of music, he would have to do the singing himself or pock up a violin and play it. Now, all he has to do is turn on the radio or TV. As a result, singing and music have declined.
Italians used to sing all the time. Now, they only do it in Hollywood movies. Indian movies are mostly a series of songs and dances trapped around silly stories. As a result, they don‘t do much singing in Indian villages anymore. Indeed, ever since radio first came to life, there has been a terrible decline in amateur (业余的) singing throughout the world.
There are two reasons for this sad decline: One, human beings are astonishingly lazy. Put a lift in a building, and people would rather take it than climb even two flights of steps. Similarly, invent a machine that sings, and people would rather let the machine sing than sing themselves. The other reason is that people are easily embarrassed. When there is a famous, talented musician readily available by pushing a button, which amateur violinist or pianist would want to try to entertain family or family or friends by himself?
These earnest reflections came to me recently when two CDs arrived in the mail. They are historic recordings of famous writers reading their own works. It was thrilling to hear the voices from a long dead past in the late 19th century. But today, reading out loud anything is no longer common. Today, we sing songs to our children until they are about two, we read simple books to them till they are about five, and once they have learnt to read themselves, we become deaf. We‘re alive only to the sound of the TV and the stereo (立体声音响) .
I count myself extremely lucky to have been born before TV became so common. I was about six before TV appeared. To keep us entertained my mother had to do a good deal of singing and tell us endless tales. It was the same in many other homes. People spoke a language; they song it, they recited it; it was something they could feel.
Professional actors‘ performance is extraordinarily revealing. But I still prefer my own reading. Because it‘s mine. For the same reason, people find karaoke (卡拉OK) liberating. It is almost he only electronic thing that gives them bake their own voice. Even if their voices are hopelessly out of tune, at least it is meaningful self–entertainment.
36. The main idea of this passage is that .
A. TV and radio can amuse us with beautiful songs and music
B. TV and radio prevent us from self–entertainment
C. people should sing songs and read books aloud themselves
D. parents should sing songs and read books aloud to their children
37. According to the passage, Italians .
A. only sing songs in Hollywood
B. are no longer fond of music
C. only sing and dance in villages
D. don‘t sing much nowadays
38. Which of the following is NOT the reason for the decline in amateur singing?
A. It is easier for people to please themselves with songs through TV and radio.
B. Amateurs feel embarrassed for they cannot sing as well as the professionals.
C. People don‘t want to take the trouble to sing songs themselves.
D. Famous and talented musicians can easily be met.
39. When hearing the voices from the famous writers of a long dead past, the author .
A. was very excited
B. was very frightened
C. thought that writers shouldn‘t read their own books
D. thought the past recording was not of good quality
40. The author‘s attitude toward karaoke is .
A. negative
B. positive
C. neutral
D. indifferent
Passage Two
If those ―mad moments‖—when you can‘t remember what your friend has told you or where you left your keys —are becoming more frequent, mental exercises and a healthy brain diet may help.
Just as bodies require more maintenance with the passing years, so do brains, which scientists now know show sighs of aging as early as the 20s and 30s. ―Brain aging starts at a very young age, younger than any of us had imagined and these processed continue gradually over the years,‖ said Dr. Gary Small, the director of the Center on Aging at the University of California, Los Angeles. ―I‘m convinced that it is never too early to get started on a mental or brain-fitness program,‖ he added.
In his book, The Memory Bible, the 51-year-old neuroscientist (神经学家) lists what he refers to as the 10 suggestions for keeping the brain young. They include training memory, building skills, reducing stress, mental exercises, brain food and a healthy lifestyle. It‘s a game plan for keeping brain cells sparking and neural networks
2011年硕士研究生入学考试英语(二) 真题及参考答案Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The Internet affords anonymity to its users，a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web. Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ？ Last month，Howard Schmidt，the nation's cyber-czar，offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key，a fingerprint and a photo ID card，all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card，or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services. The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join，and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license 10 by the government. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these"single sign-on" systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services. 12 .the approach would create a "walled garden" n cyberspace，with safe "neighborhoods" and bright "streetlights" to establish a sense of a 13 community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ，trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs". Still，the administration's plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach；others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet "drive's license" mentality. The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts，who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves，in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. 1． A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the exploration of cyber-crime that has __1__ across the Web. Can privacy be preserved __2__ bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly __3__ ? Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation's cyber-czar, offered the federal government a __4__ to make the web a safer place-a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech __5__ of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled __6__ one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential __7__ to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services. The idea is to __8__ a federation of private online identity systems. Users could __9__ which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license __10__ by the government. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these "single sign-an" systems that make it possible for users to __11__ just once but use many different services. __12__ , the approach would create a "walled garden" in cyberspace, with safe "neighborhoods" and bright " streetlights" to establish a sense of a __13__ community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with __14__ , trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure ___15___ which the transaction runs. " Still, the administration's plan has ___16___ privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would ___17___ be a compulsory Internet "driver's license" mentality. The plan has also been greeted with ___18__ by some computer security experts, who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet __19__ They argue that all Internet users should be __20__ to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. 1. [A] swept [B] skipped [C] walked [D] ridden 2. [A] for [B] within [C] while [D] though 3. [A] careless [B] lawless [C] pointless [D] helpless 4. [A] reason [B] reminder [C] compromise [D] proposal 5. [A] information [B] interference [C] entertainment [D] equivalent 6. [A] by [B] into [C] from [D] over 7. [A] linked [B] directed [C] chained [D] compared 8. [A] dismiss [B] discover [C] create [D] improve
港澳台联考模拟试卷 英语 考生须知： 本试卷分试题卷和答题卷，满分150分，考试时间150分钟。 第一部分：听力（30分） 略 第二部分：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 16. I received an invitation ___Jack ___ his wedding yesterday. He'll get married next week. A. of; to B. from; to C. of; at D. from; at 17. ______ your exercises _____ Jack's and you'll realize you should work harder. A. Compare; with B. Compare; to C. Comparing; with D. Comparing; to 18. He promised ____ he would visit me and ____ he would try his best to help me. A./; / B. that; / C./; that D. if; that 19. If the way _____ you do the job is wrong, you'll surely fail ____ good your idea may be. A. how; however B./; however C. that; whatever D. in which; how 20. _______ little children made _______ many toys. A. Such; so B. So; such C. So; so D.
【MBA英语】联考英语（二）真题解析系列16弹 【MBA中国网讯】联考英语（二）真题解析系列16弹： So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You'd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside time's flow”into “soul time.”You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. “Carry a book with you at all times”can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really
good day, it no longer feels as if you're “making time to read,”but just reading, and making time for everything else. 34. “carry a book with you at all times”can work if______ A. reading becomes your primary business of the day B. all the daily business has been promptly dealt with C. you are able to drop back to business after reading D. time can be evenly split for reading and business 参考译文 那什么方法管用呢?也许让人惊讶的是，规定时间阅读。你可能觉得这样做，会使得让时间变得有效的这一思维定式更变本加厉了，但实际上，Eberle提到，养成这种习惯能帮助我们“跳出时间流逝”的思维模式，进入到“灵魂时间”。可以只读实体书，或者只有单一功能的电子阅读器，以避免分心。“随身带书”也真的会有用，只要你经常沉浸其中，阅读就成为了你的默认状态，你可以冒个泡，临时处理一下业务，再继续沉浸其中。在一个美好的一天，就不再觉得是“利用时间阅读了”，而只有阅读，时间也变得无所不能。 【核心词汇】
2011年研究生入学考试英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) "The Internet affords anonymity to its users — a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cybercrime that has 1 across the Web. Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ? Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyberczar, offered the Obama government a 4 to make the Web a safer place — a “voluntary identify” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services. The idea is to8 a federation of private online identify systems. Users could9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license10 by the government.
2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(二)试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health. Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI. Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools. Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat. 1. [A] denied [B] concluded [C] doubled [D] ensured 2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome 3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore 4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example 5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern 6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of 7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies 8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part
2018年华侨港澳台联考英语真题分析2018年华侨港澳台港联考于2018年5月20号圆满结束。上海心叶教育英语组对此次考卷进行了系统分析。就考卷难度而言，试卷整体的比去年难度系数降低。注重考查基础知识与语言综合能力的运用，考察的形式较为灵活，体现了英语学科的工具性，交际性和文化性。所选的语篇符合时代的发展和背景，体现了科学命题，与时俱进的特点。题型与往年无异，依次为听力、单选、完形填空、阅读理解、改错、写作共六个答题部分，满分150分，考试时间为2小时。 一、听力： 侧重理解和交际的形式，选材贴近学生的生活。心叶教育一直以来都注重培养学生英语学科的听、说、读、写等全方位的能力。所以在过去将近一年的备考中，心叶教育的学生在不同音效的背景下进行听力训练，例如听过不同语速，不同发音和语调的听力资料，日常教学中，心叶教育的老师师更是潜移默化地增强学生对英美国家社会文化和制度习俗的了解等。所以虽然考场的听力音效不是很好，但是对心叶的学生影响不大，因为平时英语教学设备就刻意选择不是最佳的。 二、单项选择 单项选择，主要考查考生的语法和词汇等基础知识。本次港澳台联考单项选择的考点有：情景交际，定语从句，状语从句，虚拟语气，时态与语态，强调句，非谓语动词，动词mean 用法等。这主要得益于心叶教育的老师们精心编写的教材。这本教材上的知识点安排重点突出，详略得当，能够让学生有条不紊且有的放矢地备考港澳台联考的考点。我们更注重学生的理解和记忆，同时辅以大量的习题、周考、周测、月考等考查形式来巩固。做到讲练结合，及时发现，及时订正错题笔记。所以心叶的学生面对单选题目当然信心十足。 三、完型填空 2018年港澳台联考的完形填空注重考查学生结合词汇、语法、语篇知识、生活常识和文化背景进行逻辑推理和综合判断的能力，在过去一届的备考中，心叶英语组在教学中，一直立足于以记叙文或者夹叙夹议的文体来考查学生的这一能力。例如2018届港澳台联考第三次月考的完形填空是记叙文，2018届港澳台联考的第一次模拟考试的完型填空是夹叙夹议等等。通过这样的训练，我们的学生准确把握题型特点，学习中融会贯通，举一反三，具备了极强的应试技巧，这一题目完成得理想当然不足为奇。 四、阅读理解 心叶教育历来十分重视英语阅读能力的培养。在日常教学中，包括常规的练习，周测，月考，模拟考，我们都是立足于港澳台联考大纲对阅读理解的要求，重点训练应用文，议论文，说明文，记叙文，夹叙夹议文这五大体裁。在此基础上，我们所精心挑选原汁原味的英文语篇，既能够体现英美国家人文、社会、地理、政治经济等方面的现实，又能培养学生对
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Thinner isn’t always better.A number of studies have1that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight.And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually2.For example,heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women.3among the elderly,being somewhat overweight is often an4of good health. Of even greater5is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define.It is often defined 6body mass index,or BMI.BMI7body mass divided by the square of height.An adult with a BMI of 18to25is often considered to be normal weight.Between25and30is overweight.And over30is considered obese.Obesity,8,can be divided into moderately obese,severely obese,and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem9,they are not.Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat.Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit,10others with a low BMI may be in poor 11.For example,many collegiate and professional football players12as obese,though their percentage body fat is low.Conversely,someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a13BMI. Today we have a(an)14to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes15in the media with their faces covered.Stereotypes16with obesity include laziness,lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese.17very young children tend to look down on the overweight,and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools. Negative attitudes toward obesity,18in health concerns,have stimulated a number of anti-obesity 19.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities.Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives.Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign20childhood obesi-ty,even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat. 1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured 2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome 3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore 4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example 5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern 6.[A]in terms of[B]in case of[C]in favor of[D]in of 7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies 8.[A]in essence[B]in contrast[C]in turn[D]in part 9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward 10.[A]so[B]while[C]since[D]unless 11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste 12.[A]start[B]qualify[C]retire[D]stay 13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant 14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency 15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored 16.[A]compared[B]combined[C]settled[D]associated
港澳台联考试卷 集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
伟鹏教育金圆梦教育港澳台联考测试 中 文 满分150分，考试用时150分钟。 第一部分 本部分为选择题，共18题，每小题3分，共54分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个是符合题目要求的，把所选项前的字母填在题后括号内。 一、 语文基础知识（30分） 1.下列各句中，加点的虚词使用正确的是 （ ） A.保护知识产权是为了促进创新，促进发展，如果．． 做好了这项工作，研究人员会更有动力创造出新的成果。 B.熟悉王厂长的人都摸到了一条规律：如果上午十点找他，不要到厂长办公室，而要到车间和． 图书资料室。 C.那些在求职简历里弄虚作假甚至伪造证书的学生，只要．． 被用人单位录用，一旦查出，也要立刻停止协议 D.不可否认，中国正在成为全球经济的重要参与者，不仅在亚洲地区，即便．． 在全世界，也具有日益重要的影响力。 2.依次填入下面横线处的词语，恰当的一项是 ( ) 学校网络中心报告说，电子邮件已经跃升为计算机病毒的主要传播________。 他几次提起出国深造的话题，希望与父亲好好谈谈，可是父亲的_________却很冷淡。 掀开到稻草，铲去浮土，搬开下面的青砖，她发现了一个_________得很巧妙的洞口。 A ．媒体反应隐匿 B. 媒介反应隐蔽 C ．媒介反映隐蔽 D. 媒体反映隐匿 3.下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一句是（ ） A.在导游的领导下，这批游客便登堂入室．．．． ，津津有味地欣赏起博物馆的文物来。 B.虽然室外又闷又热，但由于工作间安装了空调，舒适的温度使大家如坐春风．．．．。 C.喜好在名胜古迹上刻字留言，这种不文明之风不知起于何时，始作俑者．．．． 是谁。 D.当年他只身闯京城，前倨后恭．．．． ，凭借过人的毅力和吃苦精神，创下这份家业。 4.下列各句中，有病句的一句是（ ） A ．谢灵运又称大谢，谢朓又称小谢，他们叔侄两人都擅长山水诗的写作，大谢在宋，小谢在齐，俱为南北朝时一代诗宗。 B ．随着改革开放的进一步深入，我国人民的消费观念、消费水平和消费方式都有了明显的提高和转变。 C ．语文教师应具有“大语文”、“大课堂”的理念，不断引导学生在平时的社会实践中学习语文，应用语文。
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考 英语试卷二 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark, A.B.C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to ___1___ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will ___2___ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will___3___. In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School Of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would ___6___ an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. ___7___ left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew what would ___8___. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as the basic drives for ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can ___12___ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such ___13___ can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do ___14___ things is a profound one. Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___15___, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to ___16___ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to ___17___ to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the ___18___ of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine ___19___ it is worth the endeavor. “Thinking about long-term ___20___ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity,” H e says. In other words, don't read online comments.