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英美文化课后答案5Lecture 5 EducationTell whether each of the following statements is true or false.1-10: FFTFF/FTFTT 11-20: TFFFF/FFTFF 20-26: FTFFF/TFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. an infant section; a junior section2. the state schools; independent schools3. Grammarschools 4. public schools 5. General National V ocational Qualifications 6. Oxford University; Cambridge University 7. Oxford 8. 1836 9. Open University 10.B achelor’s degree; M aster’s degree; D octor’s degree.11. elementary 12. kindergarten13. elementary education; secondary education 14. home schooling 15. critical-thinking16. Harvard University 17. Harvard University 18. Yale University 19. PrincetonUniversity 20. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.1-10: BBCBB/BCABD 11-20: BABBC/DBABA 21-25: CCDDASentence Completion1. Oxford, Cambridge2. Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester3. 5, 164. independent5. academic, practicalExplain the following terms.prehensive schoolComprehensive schools were established before 1960, when pupils were not separated by the criterion of academic ability. Such schools provide general education. The pupils study a wide variety of subjects at first and after two or three years they may give up some of them and only study the subject they like.2.Grammar schoolGrammar schools are the oldest schools in the U.K. Grammar schools select children; the children who get high marks in the“Eleven Plus” examination can attend them. The students who show academic potential can attend grammar schools in which the emphasis is advanced academic work rather than the more general curriculum of comprehensive schools.3.Independent schoolIndependent schools are also confusingly called public schools. Independent schools are funded through the private sector, tuition fees and minimal government assistance. Independent schools generally recruit the best teachers and provide advanced facilities. As a result, graduates of independent schools are more likely than those of state schools to be accepted by famous universities.4.OxbridgeThe term Oxbridge is used to refer both Oxford University and Cambridge University as asingle entity.5.Open UniversityThe Open University （OU）is the U.K.’s largest university for part-time higher education. It was founded in 1969 and began its first courses in 1970. It is open to everybody and doesn’t require the same formal educational qualifications as the other universities. University courses are taught through TV, radio, videos and a network of study centers.6.creditCredit is used to measure an undergraduate in academic progress. A credit equals to one hour of classroom lecture, or two or three hours of experiments per week in a semester.7.higher educationHigher education in the United Stated began with the founding of Harvard College in 1636. When the students have finished high school (twelfth grade), they may go on to a college or a university. College or university study is kno wn as “higher education”.8.Harvard UniversityHarvard University, the oldest institution of higher education in the United States, was established in l636, and named for its first benefactor，John Harvard. Harvard University is known around the world for its outstanding academic achievements. It has produced more than 40 Nobel laureates.Short Answer Questions1. The traditional “three R’s” are: reading, writing and arithmetics.2. After the Second World War a new educational system emphasizing equality was constructed with the assistance of church and trade unions. The Education Act in 1944 made entry to secondary schools and universities meritocratic. In other words, more children had access to a good education not because of their social class or their parents’ possession, but for the abilities they display. All children were given the right to a free secondary education.3. British high education is world renowned for two reasons: history and research output.4. Most universities in the United Kingdom can be classified into six main categories:1) Ancient universities – universities founded before the 19th century.2) London universities – universities founded in the 19th and early 20th centuries.3) Red Brick universities –universities founded in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The term “redbrick” is not used much today, but it is a useful way of describing this group of universities, many of which were built in the favorable building material of the time – red brick.4) Plate Glass Universities – founded in the 1960s which were known as “New Universities” when first created, but which are now more commonly considered a sub-section of the “Old Universities” which existed prior to the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 which allowed Polytechnics to become Universities.5) The Open University – founded in 1968, Britain’s sole mainly distance-learning University.6) New Universities –created in or after 1992 often called post-1992 universities, from polytechnics and colleges of Higher Education.5. The Open University is a degree-granting institution that provides courses of study for adults of all ages through television, radio, produced books, audio/video cassettes, correspondence courses and local study programs.6 .No Child Left Behind Act was passed to mandate Adequate Yearly Progress, which helped, to some extent, set some national learning standards.7. Because the individual state has the law-endowed rights to make its own educational decisions.8. American universities select their students up to their GPA and SAT mainly, at the same time, they may also take into consideration some subjective factors such as a commitment to extracurricular activities, a personal essay, and possibly an interview.9. GPA stands for Grade Point Average; SAT stands for School Aptitude Test.10. Charter schools receive public money but have been freed from some of the rules, regulations, and statutes that apply to other public schools in exchange for some type of accountability for producing certain results, which are set forth in each school’s charter.School vouchers, or education vouchers are a certificate issued by the government by which parents can pay for the education of their children at a school of their choice, rather tahtn the public school to which they are assigned.。
History of the United StatesThe United States is a country occupying part of the North American continent ranging from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean and including outlying areas as well. The first inhabitants of the area now claimed by the United States arrived at least 12,000 years ago, probably by crossing the Bering land bridge into Alaska. Relatively little is known of these early settlers compared to the Europeans who colonized the area after the first voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1492. Columbus' men were also the first known Old Worlders to land in the territory of the United States when they arrived in Puerto Rico the next year on their second voyage; the first European known to set foot in the continental U.S. was Juan Ponce de León, who arrived in Florida in 1513, though he may have been preceded by John Cabot in 1497.1. Pre-Colonial AmericaMonk's Mound in Cahokia, Illinois, at 100 feet high is the largest man-made earthen mound in North America, was part of a city which had thousands of people around 1050 AD Archeologists believe that the present-day United States was first populated by people migrating from Asia via the Bering land bridge sometime between 50,000 and 11,000 years ago.These people became the indigenous people who inhabited the Americas prior to the arrival of European explorers in the 1400s and who are now called Native Americans.Many cultures thrived in the Americas before Europeans came, including the Puebloans in the southwest and the Adena Culture in the east. Several such societies and communities, over time, intensified this practice of established settlements, and grew to support sizeable and concentrated populations. Agriculture was independently developed in what is now the eastern United States as early as 2500 BC, based on the domestication of indigenous sunflower, squash and goosefoot. Eventually, the Mexican crops of maize and legumes were adapted to the shorter summers of eastern North America and replaced the indigenous crops.2. Early European settlementsOne recorded European exploration of the Americas was by Christopher Columbus in 1492, sailing on behalf of the King and Queen of Spain. He did not reach mainland America until his fourth voyage, almost 20 years after his first voyage. He first landed on Haiti, where the Arawaks, whom he mistook forpeople of the Indians greeted him and his fleet by swimming out to their ships with gifts and food. Columbus, after island-hopping for several months, heard nothing of gold, his main drive for the voyage. However, he realized that a great market of slavery could be made with these populations. By 1550, there were only 500 Arawaks left; about 250,000 Indians on Haiti had died from murder or suicide.After a period of exploration by various European countries, Dutch, Spanish, English, French, Swedish, and Portuguese settlements were established. Columbus was the first European to set foot in U.S. territory when he came to Puerto Rico in 1493; the oldest remaining European settlements in the U.S. are San Juan, Puerto Rico, founded 1521, and on the mainland, St. Augustine in what is now the state of Florida, founded in 1565.In the 15th century, Spaniards and other Europeans brought horses to the Americas. The introduction of the horse had a profound impact on Native American culture in the Great Plains of North America. The horse offered revolutionary speed and efficiency, both while hunting and in battle. The horse also became a sort of currency for native tribes and nations. Horses became a pivotal part in solidifying social hierarchy, expanding trade areas with neighboring tribes, and creating a stereotype both to their advantage and against it.3. Colonial America (1493-1776)The Mayflower, which transported Pilgrims to the New World, arrived in 1620. Territorial expansion of the United States, omitting Oregon and other claims.In 1607, the Virginia Company of London established the Jamestown Settlement on the James River, both named after King James IColonial America was defined by ongoing battles between mainly English-speaking colonists and Natives, by a severe labor shortage that gave birth to forms of unfree labor such as slavery and indentured servitude, and by a British policy of benign neglect that permitted the development of an American spirit distinct from that of its European founders.The first truly successful English colony was established in 1607, on the James River near the Chesapeake Bay. The Virginia Company of London financed the purchase of three ships to transport settlers to the Virginia colony. The names of the three ships were The Susan Constant, Godspeed and the Discovery. The leader of the group was Captain Christopher Newport. Also on board was John Smith, an explorer, soldier, and writer. King James decided to give the Virginia Company a charter for the settlement. The settlers sought a location which had fresh water, deep water to dock their ships, and was easyto defend. The settlement was named Jamestown after the king. England also wanted to find gold, silver and other riches in North America.As increasing numbers of settlers arrived in Virginia, many conflicts arose between the Native Americans and the colonists. The colonists increasingly appropriated land to farm and grow tobacco. This was the beginning of a general trend towards displacing Native Americans westward to make room for settlers.One example of conflict between Native Americans and English settlers was the 1622 Powhatan uprising in Virginia, in which Indians had killed hundreds of English settlers. The largest conflict between Native Americans and English settlers in the 17th century was King Philip's War in New England.Differences of language, religion and culture also contributed to the friction between the two groups. At the base of the friction was an assumption by the English colonists of racial, cultural and moral superiority.New England was founded by two separate groups of religious dissenters.A second group of colonists called the Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629. The Middle Colonies, consisting of the present-day states of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, were characterized by a large degree of diversity. The first attempted English settlement south of Virginia was the Province of Carolina, with Georgia Colony the last of the Thirteen Colonies established in 1733.Spain claimed or controlled a large part of what is now the central and western United States as part of New Spain which included Spanish Florida, California and Texas. In 1682, French explorer Sieur de La Salle explored the Ohio and Mississippi valleys, and claimed the entire territory as far south as the Gulf of Mexico, which became New France. The Louisiana Territory, under Spanish control since the end of the Seven Years' War (1756-1763), remained off-limits to settlement from the 13 American colonies. The colonies of East Florida, West Florida, Grenada, and Quebec, added to Great Britain by the Treaty of Paris (1763), were part of British North America open to travel, and during the revolutionay war many Loyalists fled to them.These are historic regions of the United States, meaning regions that were legal entities in the past, or which the average modern American would no longer immediately recognize as a regional description.4. Formation of the United States (1776-1789)During this period the United States won its independence from Great Britain with help from France in the American War of Independence, or the American Revolutionary War as it is called in Great-Britain, and the thirteen former colonies established themselves as the United States of America under the Articles of Confederation.On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress, still meeting in Philadelphia declared the independence of the United States in a remarkable document, the Declaration of Independence, primarily authored by Thomas Jefferson. Although it is said that Morocco was the first country in the World to officialy recognize the newly sovereign United States in 1777 it was the Dutch Governor Johannes de Graaff which fired a 11 gun salute when a US war ship called Andrew Doria flying the flag of the new United States sailed into Gallows Bay of St. Eustatius, part of the Netherlands Antilles, on November 16 1776, and the Netherlands became the first foreign country to recognize the United States. The Moroccan-American Treaty of Friendship stands as the U.S.'s oldest non-broken friendship treaty. Signed by John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, it has been in continuous effect since 1783.The Boston Tea Party in 1773, often seen as the event which started the American RevolutionThe United States celebrates its founding date as July 4, 1776, when the Second Continental Congress—representing thirteen British colonies—adopted the Declaration of Independence that rejected British authority in favor of self-determination. The structure of the government was profoundly changed on March 4, 1789, when the states replaced the Articles of Confederation with the United States Constitution. The new government reflected a radical break from the normative governmental structures of the time, favoring representative, elective government with a weak executive, rather than the existing monarchial structures common within the western traditions of the time. The system borrowed heavily from enlightenment age ideas and classical western philosophy, in that a primacy was placed upon individual liberty and upon constraining the power of government through division of powers and a system of checks and balances.The colonists' victory at Saratoga led the French into an open alliance with the United States. In 1781, a combined American and French Army, acting with the support of a French fleet, captured a large British army, led by General Cornwallis, at Yorktown, Virginia . The surrender of General Cornwallis ended serious British efforts to find a military solution to their American problem.A series of attempts to organize a movement to outline and press reforms culminated in the Congress calling the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.So this is what I know about the history of the United States.。
英美文化作业：英美文化差异(英文版)-标准化文件发布号：（9456-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KIIthe differences of British and American cultureThe British are, in some ways, less conservative than Americans - the drinking age is 18, not 21, homosexual civil unions are legal, and abortion hasn't been a serious political issue in years. Mixing religion and politics is extremely rare in the UK. On the other hand, there are stricter controls on some things - it's much harder to get a driving licence, and the age requirement is higher than in most states, there are speed cameras everwhere, CCTV cameras in many public places (although they may or may not be working), and carrying weapons or other objects for "self defence" is illegal (in particular, note that pepper spray is illegal).Getting into a debate about the right to bear arms will be very time consuming, and may also lead people to think that you're a gun-nut before they've got to know you properly.Smoking in enclosed public places is illegal that includes pubs, the underground, train stations... more or less any non-residential building actually... (similar to New York, so not so much of a cultural difference there).The British apparently have a wider vocabulary of swear words than Americans. While most Britons will use them fairly freely in a social setting, things are a lot more reserved in formal settings & talking to strangers.I've not yet encountered an American "pub" which bears more than a passing resemblance to a typical British pub. People might go to a pub just to drink and socialise, have a pub lunch, or as part of an attempt to get alchohol poisioning (otherwise know as a "pub crawl"), as well as to watch sporting fixtures (which seems to be the main purpose in America). Going to the pub does not usually imply getting drunk. Although the drinking age is 18, bartenders are supposed to ID anyone who looks under 21.Though I doubt your friend will do much driving, he should be aware of the following things: Most cars in the UK have manual transmission. Cars are smaller and more efficient, petrol is more expensive. Speed limits are higher, but enforced more rigourously. Driving in London is not worth it. Central London has a congestioncharge, and is very congested, and the major motorways around London are thick with traffic at peak times. Roundabouts ("traffic circles") are very common and are used at motorway junctions. In rural areas, it's not uncommon to drive down narrow single track roads with tall hedges on either side.The UK education system works differently, as he's probably aware. Asking people about their "High School" "GPA" "Major" or "Minor" will make people think he assumes that things work the same in the UK as in the US. In the UK, "High School" is roughly equivalent to secondary school and college (college is not used to mean university). Important exams are GCSEs and A levels, which are graded with letters and related to specific subjects. There are no majors and minors in the UK university system - there's just whatever degree you're studying.。
简报
〔2020年6月20日〕
为响应中共中央国务院《关于全面加强新时代大中小学劳动教育的意见》精神要求以及自身的切实需要,我做了一份兼职——服务员。
于四月份至五月份，双休日我都会去平坝新开的水城烙锅店做兼职。
我打工的平坝烙锅店——香锅里烙
作为服务员，工作较为辛苦，每天早上八点钟我就需要到达店里，首先我需要擦一楼以及二楼包房的窗户、桌椅、地板、烙锅以及所有卫生间。
打扫结束的一楼的一部分
做完所有的卫生工作之后，我需要准备食材，将所有需要的食材洗好、切好、装盘。
因为我所在的烙锅店有奶茶、饮品推出，所以我需要提前将绿茶、红茶、珍珠等等煮好备用，准备水果、冰粉的制作以及泡菜制作等等。
准备水果以及制作冰粉
奶茶饮品的制作
下午四点以后，客人陆陆续续到来，我需要上菜、为了防止食材糊以及客人第一次用砂锅吃烙锅不熟所以我需要帮客人翻烙锅，客人走后打扫卫生，如果没有客人就站岗。
我在给客人上菜
我在给客人翻菜
所有客人都散场之后，将所有的碗筷、烙锅清洗干净，大概凌晨一点到三点下班。
正是因为我在烙锅店的兼职经历，虽然非常辛苦，但是我学会了很多。
首先，我学会了做各种奶茶、甜品、冰粉、泡菜、凯里酸汤鱼、各种饭店炒饭以及向很多年长的阿姨学到了很多生活妙招。
除此之外，我逐渐意识到作为服务员的不易，也在以后的岁月里更加体谅每一位服务员，尊重他们、能自己解决的尽量少麻烦他们、尽量少制造垃圾让他们打扫，能丢在垃圾桶的不留在桌面上……最后，我学会了相处之道，最初做这份兼职时，在与另外一个兼职女生的对比下，我发现我最大的障碍是交际能力差，我慢慢地向她学习说话做事的方式方法，现在我切实体会到我的交际能力有所提升。
英美文化第十二周作业P1476. A social movement is possible only when there are organizations, and spontaneous actions. （T）P1482. The most notorious terrorist group against black civil rights workers in the South was known as D.A. the Black MuslimsB. Federal Bureau of InvestigationC. Student for A Democratic SocietyD. Ku Klux Klan3. The reason why many young people were involved in the social movement of the 1960s was that A.A. they resented traditional white male values in US society.B. they love America so muchC. they thought they knew better than their teachersD. they viewed the adult world with grave doubt.P1491.On February 1, 1960, 4 black students from a black college inGreensboro, North Carolina, began their protest against the racial segregation laws by such tactics as sit-ins, thus beginning the civil rights movement.8. In the summer of 1963, hundreds of thousands of peaceful demonstrators，marched to Washington, D.C，where Martin Luther King, gave the famous “I have a dream” speech.P1501.Greensboro Sit-inOn February 1, 1960, 4 freshmen from a black college in Greensboro, North Carolina, sat down at a department lunch counter and ordered coffee. When refused, they continued to sit at the counter, openly defying the segregation law prevailing in the state. The next day, more students joined them. Thus began the civil rights movement, which spread from the south to the north. Later, this quiet “sit-in” became the major nonviolent direct action tactics to be used by black civil rights activists.The civil rights movement produced such great leaders as Martin Luther King, Jr., and Malcolm X, who inspired a generation of both blacks and whites to devote their lives to fighting for racial equality in the U.S.4. Martin Luther King, Jr.①.An Atlanta-born Baptist minister: the leader of the Southern ChristianLeadership Conference during the civil rights movement of the 1960s.②.To promote his philosophy of nonviolent protest against segregationand other kinds of social injustice, King organized a series of"marches"——the March on Washington of August, 1963, when King delivered his famous "I have a Dream" speech.③.As a civil rights leader, King worked not only to end racialdiscrimination (种族歧视) and poverty, but also to raise the self-image of the blacks.④.Due to his strong belief in nonviolent peaceful protest, King wasawarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.⑤.He was assassinated in the city of Memphis(孟斐斯) in April 1968. Results of the civil rights movement●Legal segregation ended in the South.●Southern Afro-Americans can vote.●But Racism is still a problem.P150Questions1.What were the major social movements of the 1960s? And what wasthe historical background of the social movements of that decade?●American Negroes experienced different lives in the South andoutside the South of America●Women experienced different lives during and after World War II●Young people resented traditional white male values in US society2. Who were the participants of the social movements of the 1960s? Many people who believed the government and the society were wrong joined one or more of the social movements. Black and white youngpeople worked in all the movements, as did many middle-class white women and some men. Those who worked in the civil right movement included older, usually male, Negro leaders; black and white young people, some white professional men and women, and some white housewives.3. What are the basic characteristics of a social movement?Two basic characteristics of all social movements: "structure" and "spontaneity" structure.●Structure means organizations●Spontaneity refers to the spontaneous actions4.The black political movement that began as a force for integration changed course in the mid-1960s and began to emphasize black uniqueness and even black separatism. What caused this transformation?Although these segregation laws were illegal under the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution, the US government would not declare the Southern laws unconstitutional until there were cases brought in federal courts. The civil rights movement began when black people spontaneously protested segregation laws and created organizations to make the protests successful. Long before the students in Greensboro, North Carolina began their sit-ins, there were many others who protested the segregation laws.5.Draw analogies between the black revolution and the women's movement. What common assumptions do they share?The women activities were most in the civil rights and anti-war movements before. They believed the male leaders of these movements were discriminating against women in the movement just like White’s discrimination against black men. They became known as the "women's liberation" group, or "women's lib", used radical tactics and received a great deal of bad publicity. This group found strong support among large numbers of young activists from other organizations.6.What are the legacies of the social movements of the1960s?What are their effects,positive and negative,upon contemporary US society?Legal segregation ended in the South as a result of the civil rights movement. Southern Afro-Americans can vote. However, racism is still an extremely serious social, political and economic problem in the US. By 1971, more than 60% of people in the US thought the war in Vietnam was wrong and wanted the war to end. In 1973 the US signed a peace treaty. The women’s movement continued to gain more rights and opportunities for women.The social movements of the 1960s had a strong effect on the way people think and act, and caused changes in many laws. However, many of the same problems they hoped to solve are still major problems in US society.。
英美文化课后作业-标准化文件发布号：（9456-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII1. What is the full name of the U.K.----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death? ----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from otherEuropean countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade andcommerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change inBritain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The mainparties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary associationof independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states havefull autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economiccooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s?----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached thelevel of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agriculturalactivities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for several reasons. First, British suffereda great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of theBritish Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and awardtheir own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture? ----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuition fees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of them are regarded as the "qualitypress" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.。
七中网校高2021届VOA英美文化听力练习制卷人：歐陽文化、歐陽理複；制卷時間：二O二二年二月七日The hand has been a symbol(象征) through the ages and in many cultures.There are hundreds of expressions and combinations(结合) of words using hand in the English language. Let us examine some of the expressions that use hand.We will ______________ in this way. To get a hand in is to begin a job, to begin to know something about it. When we learn the job completely, it will be easy for us. We will be able to ________________.If we do the job well, we may end up with the _____________________. And that means to be in control, or to have gained complete understanding of a situation.____________________, if the situation gets out of hand, then it is out of control. We must act quickly to regain the upper hand over these expressions.But, wait. We still do not have the upper hand in this business.We must consider another way of expressing praise, to ______________________. For example: I must hand it to you for understanding what we have discussed this far.You can also _____________________, but without really giving up your hand. You lend a hand when you help someone. You offer them a helping hand.If someone is kind enough to lend us a hand, then we surely do not want to ______________________. We do not want to repay his kindness by treating him badly.Now, with that out of the way, we _____________to continue examining other handexpressions. To have a free hand in a situation is good. It means you are free to act without getting permission(允许) from someone else.If we continue moving along, we will make progress __________________, or very rapidly. This expression began in the early 1700s. It reportedly comes from a sailing expression hand over hand, the way of quickly raising or lowering a sail.Maybe you can find a friend who wants to _________ ________ in our project. It would have to be someone who is interested in these expressions.Your friend may want to ______________________. That is good, because that means he wants to work as closely with us as a glove covers the hand. Of course there is a danger that he may look at our project and decide to ____________________. That means he wants to take it over.If that happens, we may ____________________ because the situation seems hopeless. In fact, we may decide that it is time for us to end this project, to _____ ____________________of hand expressions.制卷人：歐陽文化、歐陽理複；制卷時間：二O二二年二月七日。
Chapter 5Education, Media and HolidayCONTENTEducational Policy* Historically, education was voluntary and many British schools were set up by the church. Before 1870, only 40% of children under 10 went to school regularly. From then on, in response to changes brought about by the industrial Revolution and social and political movements, the government started to take responsibility for education.* Compulsory education for all children between the ages of 5 and 16* Comprehensive schools introduced in the 1960s, ending the division between grammar school and vocational school* National Curriculum introduced in 1988(mathematics, English, science, geography, history, technology, music, art, physical education and a foreign language)* Four stages:Elementary and Secondary Education* Two parallel school system:* National curriculum:Higher Education* Higher education has a long history in Britain. Oxford and Cambridge date from the 12th and 13th centuries, while the Scottish universities of St Andrews, Glasgow, Edinburgh and Aberdeen were founded in the 15th and 16th centuries. The remainder were established in the 19th and 20th centuries. In the 1960s there was a large expansion in the number of universities and many new institutions were founded. Now there are more than 100 universities in Britain and many colleges.* Partially funded by central government grants, the rest funds coming from tuition fees, donations and corporate contributions* Except Buckingham University(the only privately-financed university in the country)Britain's universities are legally independent and enjoy complete academic freedom. They appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.* Recruitment based on:* A-level results* School references* Interview* Degrees awarded according to:* Performance throughout their studies* Final examinations* The open university 开放大学offers a non-traditional route for people to take university level courses and receive a university degree. People can register without having any formal educational qualifications.Famous UniversitiesTop 10 Britain University in 2010* University of Oxford 牛津大学* University of Cambridge 剑桥大学* Imperial College (London) 帝国学院（伦敦）* University of St. Andrews 圣安德鲁斯* University College London 伦敦大学学院* University of Warwick 华威大学* London School of Economics 伦敦政治经济学院* University of Durham 达勒姆大学* University of Exeter 埃克塞特大学* University of Bristol 布里斯托大学Oxford* According to the University Ranking League Table 2007, Oxford ranks second. The total student body exceeds 18,000, including more than 11,000 undergraduates.* the oldest university in the English-speaking world, dating back to 1096* Motto: Dominus illuminatio mea，meaning (The Lord is my light)，from the Bible "上帝是我的光明"* Oxonians have included two British kings and at least twelve monarchs of ten other sovereign states, twenty-five British prime ministers, and thirty-five presidents and prime ministers of nineteen other countries. The university lays claim to twelve saints, ten blesseds, an antipope, eighteen cardinals, and eighty-nine archbishops (including thirty-two of Canterbury and twenty-two of York).* 牛津产生了至少来自6个国家的10位国王，6位英国国王，46位诺贝尔奖获得者，来自19个国家的53位总统和首相,包括25位英国首相（其中13位来自基督教堂学院），3位圣徒，86位大主教以及18位红衣主教。
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精读作业P1095. Point out and correct mistake（s）you find in the following sentences.1. You have probably heard of this interesting platitude: "Two heads are better than one."platitude---------saying/proverb2. One cold muggy day, my wife and I went to the Summer Palace just to remain away from the noisy campus for some time.cold muggy------muggyremain away from----- stay away from3. His nocturnal hammering day and night got on my nerves.day and night----all the night4. Rainsford peeked through the impenetrable foliage and saw clearly the general with a gun in his hand.the impenetrable foliage------ the foliage5. I was certain that we were going in the right direction, but it was strange why we had not reached our camp. We must have lost our bearings.was certain-----thought6. The boy grasped the old woman's wallet and bolted calmly away. grasped------grabbed/snatched/seizedwallet--------pursebolted calmly away------- bolted away7. The woman was so frightening that she started yelling uncontrollably, " Oh, my God! Oh, my God!"frightening----- frightenedyelling----------shrieking/screaming/exclaiming8. My sister picked up a small boulder and swung it into the lake. boulder------stone/pebbleswung--------threw9. When you address young people, do not use a condescending tune. tune----------tone10. There suddenly rose a strong cold breeze, and we all had to huddle together for warmth.breeze-------wind11. At that time, Peking Opera was at its most popular although ordinary people still could not watch it. The rich and the powerful loved it.Peking Opera was at its most popular--------all the people loved Peking Opera12. In this glare we could see twinkling stars in the sky. It was shockingly beautiful.In this glare----In the nightshockingly-----quite13. I sat on a bench and watched the lovely kids on a rampage, zooming through the park with their parents.on a rampage, zooming through the park--------playing happily in the park 14. He whipped round slowly to make sure that nobody was following him.whipped round slowly------ whipped round15. Soon it began to drizzle heavily and we were immediately all damp through and through.drizzle-----raindamp------wetP1122. Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets using except.1. We didn't hear anything except an explosion （除了一声轰鸣之外）.3. It seems that the doctors can do little except (to) relieve his pain （除了减轻他的疼痛）by giving him pain killers.5. When she was a child, the world–famous pianist showed no apparent interest in anything except in music （对音乐之外的任何事情）.7. He points out that the past does not exist except in our memory （除了在我们的记忆之中）, the future, except in our expectations of it （除了在我们对它的期盼之中）.9. After he came back from Tibet he told us that he had never been to such a fascinating place except in sleep/dreams（除了在睡梦中之外）.。
英美文化教材习题答案Britain1. Who are the British ?Ⅰ1.the Scottish Highlanders: They are the Scots who live in the mountain areas of the Highlands in Northern Scotland. They are a proud, ind ependent and hardy peopl e who maintain their strong cultural id entity.2.the British Isles: The British Isl es lie northern of Europe in the Atlantic Ocean. They consist of two large islands-Britain and Ireland and several small islands.3.the National Eisted dfod: Eisted dfod is the Welsh word for “sitting”. National Eisted dfod is t he most famous festival of music and verse in Wales. It takes place each August and lasts for about a week. The highlight of the Eisted dfod is a competition for the best epic poem about Wales written and read in Welsh. The winner is crowned Bard, consid ered the supreme honor in Wales.4.Bard: “Bard”originally d enoted the grouping epic poem to the Celtic l ead ers or warriors for their great achievement. Now, it roughly means the respected poetry.5.Northern Ireland (Ulster): A section of the United Kingd om of Great Britain and the Northern Ireland, l ocated in the northeast of the Ireland, the capital of which is Belfast.6.Oliver Cromwell: Oliver Cromwell was the Roundhead l ead er during the English Civil War. Hed efeated King Charl es Ⅰ and cond emned him to d eath. The monarchy was overthrown, and the country became for more than ten years a republic.7.William Ⅲ: the protestant King (参见P10-11)8.The Orange Day celebrations: cel ebrations hel d by Protestants on 12 August each year in North Ireland to commemorate the Battle of the Royne in 1690 when the Protestant King William of Orange crushed a Catholic rebellion in Lond ond erry. The celebrations were always aggressively provocative and fightings often broke out between Protestant marches and Catholic bystand ers.9.The Provisional IRA: IRA, the Irish Reputation Army, is a nationalist organization d edicated to the unification of Ireland. It was organized in1919. The IRA refused to accept a separate Northern Ireland und er British rul e. In 1969 it split into an “official” majorit y, which disclaimed violence, and a terrorist “provisional” wing, whose attacks on British troops in Northern Ireland, rand om bombings, and others acts of terror in England kept tensions high.10. The Peace People: In the summer of 1976 Betty Williams, a Protestant housewife, was so horrified at the killing fo two children by a running IRA car that she decid ed to organize the women of Ulster, both Protestant and Catholic, into a pressure group. It is a pressure group working for peace and reconciliation in Ireland. Williams and her Catholic partner, Corrigan, soon gathered thousands of foll owers d espite threats and intimidation from both sid es. They continued to pursue their aims and at the end of 1976 the two l ead ers were award ed the Nobel Prize for Peace.Ⅱ1.The full name of the United Kingd om is the United Kingd om of Great Britain and the Northern Ireland.2.The Romans first land ed in Britain in the year of 55BC.3.The Scots are well-known for being inventive, hard-working, serious mind ed and cautious with money.4.Two of the Welsh characteristics are cultural prid e and their l ove of music and poetry.5.Peopl e began to settle in about 10,000 years ago. two famous Scottish writers: Robert Burns and Sir Walter Scottor, two Welsh writers: Dylan Thomas and Gwyn Thomas; and two Irish writers: Jonathan Swift and Oscar Wild e.7.Angl es, Saxons and Jutes were the three Germanic tribes that came to be the basis of mod ern English race.ⅢDDBAB2. English HistoryⅠ1.Exercise book Page29 12.Page29 23.Page29 34.Page29 65.Page30 96.Henry ⅧTextbook P28 2nd para.7.Elizabeth Ⅰ Textbook P29 1st para.8.Divine Right Textbook P30 2nd para. (可忽略)9.Page33 2210.VictorianismⅡ1.The Crusad es2.Columbus, Vasco da Gama3.the Mid dl e ages4.the Parliament, the King Charl es Ⅰ5. Charl es Darwin6. the Great Depression7. the League of Nations, United NationsⅢDBBCD4.British Government SystemI.1.学习手册63页III.12.学习手册65页III.93.学习手册65页III.104.学习手册64页III.35.学习手册64页III.46.学习手册64页III.77.学习手册64页III.5II.1. Elizabeth the Second2. On Her Majesty’s Service3. the Most Ord er of the Garter4. In her rol e as head of the Church of England5. Acts of Parliament; the Prerogative of the Crown;Conventions of the Constitution; Common law; Parliamentary Privilege6. Five, 6357. The Crown; the House of Lords; the House of Commons8. Parliament9. The final court of appeal in civil cases and criminal cases, except criminal cases in Scotland.10. To make laws;to control and criticize the executive government;to control the raising and the spending of money11. The Lord Chancellor12. Her ministers13. Parliament; Cabinet; the House of Commons; Parliament III. BCADCAIV.1.课本P68 第二段2.课本P75 第二，四段P74 第三段3.课本P764.课本P78 第一段5.课本P81 第三段6.课本P737.课本P78 第一，二段5.Industry, Agriculture and BusinessⅠ1.Exercise book Page80 12.P80 23.P81 64.P82 85.Special d evelopment area: Textbook P101 2nd para.6.P81 37.P81 48.P81 7Ⅱ1. coal, water power2. the Second Worl d War, the Bank of England, coal, civil aviation3. the Second Worl d War, Labour4. a nation of shop-keepers5. the discovery and exploitation of oil and gas in the North Sea.ⅢADCAA6.English LiteratureI.1.学习手册96页. III.22.学习手册96页. III.33.学习手册96页. III.44.学习手册97页. III.55.课本124页. 第二，三段6.学习手册96页. III.77.学习手册96页. III.8II.1. Beowulf;the 6th2.their Viking raid ers swept into Britain3.the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle;The Roman invasion of Britain in 54B.C.The mid dl e of the 12th century4.Chaucer; Shakespeare; Milton5.Thomas More; Utopia6.Romeo and Juliet; Hamlet; Othello; The Tempest; Twelfth Nights; As You Like It; Richard III; Richard II; Julius Caesar7.The Essays8.Paradise Lost; Paradise Regained; Samson Agonistes9.Pilgrim’s Progress10.Jonathan Swift11.His poems London and The Vanity of Human Wishes12.Robert Burns13.Robinson Cruise14.William Wordsworth; Samuel Tayl or Col eridge; Lord Byron; John Keats; Percy Bysshe Shell ey15.Jane Austen; Anne Bronte; Emily Bronte16.Louis Stevenson; Lewis Carroll; William Makepeace Thackeray;David Copper field; Oliver Twist;George Eliot; Oscar Wilde;The Return of the Nation; Jude the Obscure17.James Joyce; Ulysses18.George Bernard ShawIII. DBCAADAADDIV.1.课本P115-1162.课本P122-1233.课本P1334.课本P135 第二，三段8.Religion and BeliefsExplain the foll owing in English: 全部在学习手册P109.Fill the blanks:1)Roman Catholic; Protestant2)The Old Testament; the New Testament.3)Queen; the Archbishop of Canterbury.4)God; Jesus; the Holy Spirit.5)Presbyterian6)The Pope in Rome and the church or priesthood.7)The Presbyterian; the Methodist Church; the Congregational Church; the Baptist Church; theQuakers.8)Humbl er forms of life.Answer the questions:1)学习手册P106 13、14题2)P146 第三段3)P148 第二段4)P150 第一段cationExplain the foll owing in English:1) 2) 3) 6) 7) 8)是学习手册P140、P141和P142的1.3.4.7.8.11题4) 5)在书本P171 第二段Fill the blanks:1) 5;15.2)Christmas; Easter; summer.3)The sel ective; the comprehensive4)Eton; Harrow; Rugby.5)About three-quarters of income of Britain University.6)Oxford; Cambridge.7)St Andrews; Glasgow (or Aberd een; Edinburgh)8)Oxford.9)Leeds; Lancaster (any acceptabl e answers are correct)10)Exclusiveness.Tick the correct answer in each of the foll owing:A C D DAnswer the questions:1)Both educational and social grounds2)P171第二段3)学习手册P148或P137 的24题4)书本P174最后一段和P175最开头一段5)课本P175-1776)The coll ege system and the tutorial system.7)P178最后一段11.The press, Radio and TelevisionExplain the foll owing in English:1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 在学习手册P1666)书本P198 第二段的7)书本P204 第三段Fill the blanks:1)the smallness of the country2)Quality paper; popular paper.3)The Times; The Guardian; the Daily Telegraph; Daily Mail; Daily Mirror; Sun.4)Thomson5)The Conservative Party; the Liberal Party6)Daily Telegraph7)The Sunday Times; Observer.8)Daily Mirror; The Sun.Tick the correct answer in each of the foll owing:D B C B AAnswer the questions:1) 学习手册P1742) 书本P201最后一段书本P206 最后一段America1.Atlantic to PacificⅠ.1.学习手册第196 页2.课本第237页2nd para.3.学习手册第197 页4.课本第237页1st para & 第246页注释175.学习手册第196 页6.学习手册第197 页7.课本第239页最后一段& 第240页第一、二段8.课本第242页最后一段& 第247页注释26Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks1. 50, 13, 35, Hawaii, Alaska2.Alaska, California3.Eastern standard time, central standard time, mountain standard time, pacific standard time4.Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Rhod e Island5.West Virginia, New York State, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland6.The Potomac, Washington D.C7.The Appalachian, Vermont, Canada8.The Appalachian, Rocky9.Washington State, Oregon, California10.New England, the Mid-Atlantic area, the South, the Mid-West, the Great Plains states, the Western and the Pacific coast statesⅢ. Tick the correct answer in each of the foll owing:C AD D C CⅣ. Answer the questions:1.学习手册第191, 196 页2.学习手册第196 页3.学习手册第196 页4.课本第237 页5.课本第239 页6.学习手册第198 页，课本241 页2. AMERICAN HISTORYExplain the foll owing in English:（其余未注明的页码是学习手册页码）1.P218.5（学习手册218页第五条）2.P280.9 (课本280页第九个注释)3.P221.154.P222.175.P221.146.P222.167.P222.188.P223.209.P224.2610.P225.2811.P226.3312.P227.3513.P228.3814.P228.4015.P223.22Fill in the blanks:1.Icelandic Vikings, Columbus2.Jamestown Virginia, 16073.English Puritans, Roman Catholics, The Quaker l ead er William Penn4.1775, 17835.a second continental Congress6.July 4th7.the Fed eralists, the Republicans, classes, ideological lines8.Thomas Jefferson9.John Marshall10.Uncl e Tom’s Cabin11.put an end to slavery, d ecid ed that America is a singl e indivisibl e nation12.he introduced the assembly line into automobil e production, Manufacturing the Mod el T13.the New York Stock Exchangeissez-faire, the government shoul d interfere with business as little as possibl e, government action15.Eugene V. DebsTick the correct answer in each of the foll owing:1-10:BAAADADADBAnswer the questions:(课本页码)1.P2522.P2533.P2544.P2575.P2586.P264-p2657.P266-p2678.P268-p2699.P270-p27110.P27311.P27512.P276-p2773.THE FORMS OF GOVERNMENTExplain the foll owing in English:（未标注页码为学习手册页码）1.P245.52.P245.63.P246.74.P246.95.P247.116.P247.127.P247.138.P311.3(课本)9.P246.810.P240.1211.P314.23（课本）Fill in the blanks:1.fed eralism, the separation of powers, respect for the Constitution and the rul e of law2.foreign affairs, matters of general concern to all the states3.the Democrats, the Republicans4.executive, l egislature, judicial5.Ford, Rockefell er, the Presid ent Nixon resigned when he was in power6.Vice-Presid ent7.four, four, John Kenedy8.two terms(eight years)9.435, 2, 100, 610.the Congress(both the Senate and the House of Representatives), the Senate, a two-thirds majority in both Houses11.Confed eration12.192213.The Supreme Court14.life, Presid ent, the Senate15.The Fed eral Bureau of InvestigationTick the correct answer in each of the foll owing:1-8: ACDCADCBAnswer the questions:(课本页码)1.P2882.P2883.P2914.P294&(p314.29)5.P3026.P3037.P290, p297, p3078.P302-p3034. American LiteratureⅠ. Explain the foll owing in English:1.学习手册第268 页2.学习手册第268 页3.学习手册第268 页4.学习手册第269 页5.学习手册第270 页6.学习手册第273 页7.学习手册第274 页Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks1. Washington Irving, Fennimore Cooper2.Edgar Allan Poe, The Fall of the house of Usher3.(Concord, Massachusetts), Ralph Wald o Emerson,Henry David Thoreau, Nathaniel Hawthorne4.Nature, The American Scholar, Self-Reliance, Experience5.Walden6.The Scarlet Letter7.Herman Melville8.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the Mississippi, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn9.Theodore Dreiser10.The Great Gatsby, what had happened to American life11.John Dos Passos12.A Fable, Light in August, The Hamlet13.The Sun Also Rise, A farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls14.John Steinbeck, Ralph Ellison15.Eugene O’Neill, Long Day’s Journey into NightⅢ. Tick the correct answer in each of the foll owing:CADBD DCCAD BCⅣ. Answer the questions:1.学习手册第258,267(explanation 1) 页2.Both are 19th-century writer. Both are also a poet and journal keeper.3.学习手册第269(2) 页4.课本第2326 页5.5. ReligionⅠ. Explain the foll owing in English:1.学习手册第293 页2.学习手册第293 页3.学习手册第294 页4.学习手册第294 页5.学习手册第291 页Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks1.four-fifths, majority hardly, half2.U.S3.Against the Constitution4.The Baptists, the Methodists5.Roman Catholics, the Baptists, The Methodists, Presbyterians6.John F. KennedyⅢ. Tick the correct answer in each of the foll owing:ACDCAⅣ. Answer the questions:1.课本第345 页（4-9行）2.课本第345（最后一段）页3.课本第346（第二段）页4.可参阅课本359页Notes6、7、8、9所对应的句子。
英美文化课后答案5Lecture 5 EducationTell whether each of the following statements is true or false.1-10: FFTFF/FTFTT 11-20: TFFFF/FFTFF 20-26: FTFFF/TFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. an infant section; a junior section2. the state schools; independent schools3. Grammarschools 4. public schools 5. General National V ocational Qualifications 6. Oxford University; Cambridge University 7. Oxford 8. 1836 9. Open University 10.B achelor’s degree; M aster’s degree; D octor’s degree.11. elementary 12. kindergarten13. elementary education; secondary education 14. home schooling 15. critical-thinking16. Harvard University 17. Harvard University 18. Yale University 19. PrincetonUniversity 20. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.1-10: BBCBB/BCABD 11-20: BABBC/DBABA 21-25: CCDDASentence Completion1. Oxford, Cambridge2. Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester3. 5, 164. independent5. academic, practicalExplain the following terms.prehensive schoolComprehensive schools were established before 1960, when pupils were not separated by the criterion of academic ability. Such schools provide general education. The pupils study a wide variety of subjects at first and after two or three years they may give up some of them and only study the subject they like.2.Grammar schoolGrammar schools are the oldest schools in the U.K. Grammar schools select children; the children who get high marks in the“Eleven Plus” examination can attend them. The students who show academic potential can attend grammar schools in which the emphasis is advanced academic work rather than the more general curriculum of comprehensive schools.3.Independent schoolIndependent schools are also confusingly called public schools. Independent schools are funded through the private sector, tuition fees and minimal government assistance. Independent schools generally recruit the best teachers and provide advanced facilities. As a result, graduates of independent schools are more likely than those of state schools to be accepted by famous universities.4.OxbridgeThe term Oxbridge is used to refer both Oxford University and Cambridge University as asingle entity.5.Open UniversityThe Open University （OU）is the U.K.’s largest university for part-time higher education. It was founded in 1969 and began its first courses in 1970. It is open to everybody and doesn’t require the same formal educational qualifications as the other universities. University courses are taught through TV, radio, videos and a network of study centers.6.creditCredit is used to measure an undergraduate in academic progress. A credit equals to one hour of classroom lecture, or two or three hours of experiments per week in a semester.7.higher educationHigher education in the United Stated began with the founding of Harvard College in 1636. When the students have finished high school (twelfth grade), they may go on to a college or a university. College or university study is kno wn as “higher education”.8.Harvard UniversityHarvard University, the oldest institution of higher education in the United States, was established in l636, and named for its first benefactor，John Harvard. Harvard University is known around the world for its outstanding academic achievements. It has produced more than 40 Nobel laureates.Short Answer Questions1. The traditional “three R’s” are: reading, writing and arithmetics.2. After the Second World War a new educational system emphasizing equality was constructed with the assistance of church and trade unions. The Education Act in 1944 made entry to secondary schools and universities meritocratic. In other words, more children had access to a good education not because of their social class or their parents’ possession, but for the abilities they display. All children were given the right to a free secondary education.3. British high education is world renowned for two reasons: history and research output.4. Most universities in the United Kingdom can be classified into six main categories:1) Ancient universities – universities founded before the 19th century.2) London universities – universities founded in the 19th and early 20th centuries.3) Red Brick universities –universities founded in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The term “redbrick” is not used much today, but it is a useful way of describing this group of universities, many of which were built in the favorable building material of the time – red brick.4) Plate Glass Universities – founded in the 1960s which were known as “New Universities” when first created, but which are now more commonly considered a sub-section of the “Old Universities” which existed prior to the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 which allowed Polytechnics to become Universities.5) The Open University – founded in 1968, Britain’s sole mainly distance-learning University.6) New Universities –created in or after 1992 often called post-1992 universities, from polytechnics and colleges of Higher Education.5. The Open University is a degree-granting institution that provides courses of study for adults of all ages through television, radio, produced books, audio/video cassettes, correspondence courses and local study programs.6 .No Child Left Behind Act was passed to mandate Adequate Yearly Progress, which helped, to some extent, set some national learning standards.7. Because the individual state has the law-endowed rights to make its own educational decisions.8. American universities select their students up to their GPA and SAT mainly, at the same time, they may also take into consideration some subjective factors such as a commitment to extracurricular activities, a personal essay, and possibly an interview.9. GPA stands for Grade Point Average; SAT stands for School Aptitude Test.10. Charter schools receive public money but have been freed from some of the rules, regulations, and statutes that apply to other public schools in exchange for some type of accountability for producing certain results, which are set forth in each school’s charter.School vouchers, or education vouchers are a certificate issued by the government by which parents can pay for the education of their children at a school of their choice, rather tahtn the public school to which they are assigned.。
第五次作业（总分：100分）（得分：25分）一、判断题（括号内写答案正确或错误，每题5分，5题共计25分）☑1.社会主要矛盾发生变化后，我国最大的国情仍是处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段。
（正确）☑2..我国经济发展的基本特征就是由高速增长转向高质量发展阶段。
（正确）☑3.五位一体总体布局：经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、环境建设。
（错误）☑4..供给侧结构性改革就是从提高供给质量出发，用改革的办法推进结构性调整，矫正要素配置扭曲，扩大有效供给，提高供给结构对需求变化的适应性和灵活性，提高全要素生产率，更好满足广大人民群众的需要。
其根本目的是提高生产力水平。
（正确）☑5.环境民事责任实施过错责任原则。
（错误）（得分：25分）二、填空题（答案写在横线上，每题5分，5题共计25分）☑1. 人民当家做主是社会主义民主政治的本质和核心。
☑2. 就业是最大的民生。
☑3.贯彻新发展理念，建设现代化经济体系，必须坚持质量第一，效益优先，以供给侧结构性改革为主线。
☑4.中国特色社会主义事业总体布局是五位一体。
☑5.现代化经济体系必须坚持质量第一、效益优先。
（得分：50分）三、不定项选择题（错选、多选和少选不得分，每题5分，10题共计50分）☑1.目前迷失的经济增长导致消费与生产失衡，属于( C )现象。
A.通货膨胀B.科技失灵C.GDP中毒D.精神中毒☑2.解决全面小康，要突出重点、补短板、强弱项，特别要坚决打好哪三个攻坚战？( ABD )。
A.精准脱贫B.防范化解重大风险C.乡村振兴D.污染防治☑3.( C )是激励全党全国各族人民奋勇前进的强大精神力量。
A.中国特色社会主义文艺B.中国特色社会主义风貌C.中国特色社会主义文化D.中国特色社会主义观念☑4.深化供给侧结构性改革面临( ABCD )重大任务：A.加快建设制造强国B.支持传统产业优化升级，坚持“三去一降一补”C.激发和保护企业家精神，鼓励更多社会主体投身创新企业D.建设知识型、技能型、创新型劳动大军。
英美文化教程Unit 5Chapter 5 Industry, Agriculture and BusinessI. Focal PointsII. Questions and Answers on the TextI. When did Britain emerge as the world's greatest political and economic influence?Britain emerged as the world's greatest political and economic influence in the second half of the nineteenth century.2. What did the economic theory of mercantilism hold?The economic theory of mercantilism held that the acquisition of gold and silver, in payment for goods exported, increased the wealth of a nation.3. According to the above theory, how could a country become wealthy and self-sufficient?Only by an excess of exports over imports could a country grow wealthy and self-sufficient.4. How did Britain obtain gold and silver from other countries?Britain obtained gold and silver by selling its surplus products abroad.5. What were the two companies mentioned by the author as great trading companies under the theory of mercantilism?The two companies were the Hudson's Bay Company of Canada and the East India Company of India.6. In which country did the Industrial Revolution begin first?The Industrial Revolution began first in Britain.7. Why was Britain in a unique position to benefit from free trade?Because Britain could use new and more efficient manufacturing methods and sell goods at the cheapest prices overseas.8. What were the principal energy resources in Britain at the end of the eighteenth century?The principal energy resources were coal and water power.9. What is one of the oldest and most basic of all industries in Britain?It is coal-mining.10. Why did factories come into being?Because it was more economical to manufacture goods under one large roof, where power could be concentrated, rather than in the small rooms and back-yards of thousands of individual workers.11. What did the Luddites do in the early 1800s?They smashed and destroyed new factory machinery.12. Why did they do that?Because they thought that factory machines had robbed them of their jobs.13. Why were there many critics condemning industrialization and mechanization in the nineteenth century?Because many people believed that the immigration of workers from the more natural life of the countryside to the unhealthy, crowded conditions of industrial areas would bring grave social problems.14. Who most severely attacked the Industrial Revolution?The poet William Blake.15. What did the industrialization bring to Britain?It brought Britain many economic advantages and made it an exceedingly rich and powerful nation.16. Who suffered behind the achievements of industrialization?Working people suffered most. They were forced to work long hours for meagre wages and to live in squalid, crowded housing, crowded together.17. What factors influenced the location of industry in Britain?The factors included ready availability of power and raw materials as well as easy access to transport facilities and ports.18. What kind of industrial area is extremely vulnerable to economic hardship in time of depression?An area that is totally dependent on one industry alone is extremely vulnerable to economic hardship in time of depression, when demand for that particular industry's products falls.19. Are there any state-run industries in Britain?Yes, there are.20. What is the position of industries nationalized in Britain' s mixed economy?Nationalized industries account for 10 per cent of the Gross National Product, 8 per cent of all employees and yet almost 20 percent of total industrial investment.21. Why did Napoleon once call the British "a nation of shop-keepers" ?Because the United Kingdom had many small businesses.22. Give three examples of Britain's top industrial giants.British Petroleum; Shell Transport and Trading; Imperial Chemical Industries.23. Why did the government set up a Monopolies and Mergers Commission in 1973？Because the government wanted to prevent the emergence of monopoly.24. How has the pattern of British industry changed since the Second World War?Manufacturing industries have declined and service industries have grown.25. What has caused an economic imbalance between different parts of Britain?It has been caused by a decline in demand for products from some of the older traditional industries, and has led to unemployment and migration of workers.26. What measures have been taken to halt the regional decline?In order to halt the regional decline, successive governments since 1945 have encouraged new industrial development in the affected areas.27. What has the discovery and exploitation of oil and gas in the North Sea resulted in?It has created thousands of new jobs and has also involved many ancillary industries. 28. Is agriculture one of Britain's most important industries?Yes, it is.29. How is the farm efficiency in Britain?The farm efficiency in Britain is one of the highest in the world.30. What does the EEC stand for?It stands for the European Economic Community.31. Why are British farmers dissatisfied with the EEC agricultural policy?Because they believe that their efficient agriculture is having to support uneconomic farming in some other parts of the Community.32. Apart from agriculture, what is the other productive British industry which has had to reduce its activities because of EEC policies?It is fishing.33. How is the oil supply in Britain?Britain is now self-sufficient in oil, and is even an oil exporter.34. What are invisible earnings?Invisible earnings are the wealth created by Britain' s service industries.35. Which are now greater in Britain in terms of output and employment, manufacturing enterprises or non-manufacturing businesses?Non-manufacturing businesses are greater both in terms of out-put and employment.36. What are the three main groups that invisible earnings fall into?The three groups are: receipts and payments for service supplied abroad; interest, profits and dividends arising out of British investment overseas; foreign currency brought into the country by tourists.37. What is the City of London?The City of London is the oldest part of London and ranks as one of the world's most important financial centres. It contains the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange, Lloyd' s and other famous trading and financial organizations.38. What is the main activity 'in the City?The City's main activity is buying and selling commodities, services and finance for commercial investment,, as well as stocks and shares in all kinds of businesses and industries throughout the world.39. On what condition can a person operate on the "trading floor" of the Stock Exchange?To operate on the 'trading floor' of the Stock Exchange, a person must be elected a member and either be a stock broker or a jobber.40. What is the Stock Exchange which has the greatest turnover in the world?The Stock Exchange in London has the greatest turnover in the world.41. What is the motto of the Stock Exchange?The motto of the Stock Exchange is "my word is my bond".42. What is the motto of Lloyd's the famous insurance brokers?The motto of Lloyd's is "With the utmost faith"--"Fidentia".43. What does the Bank of England do?It prints and issues currency notes and also controls the country's gold reserves.44. Why is the Bank of England nicknamed "the Old Lady of Threadneedle Street" ?Because it stands in a street called Threadneedle.III. Explanations1. mercantilism(1) It was an economic theory practised by British government in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. (2) It held that the acquisition of gold and silver, in payment for goods exported, increased the wealth of a nation. (3) Only by an excess of exports over imports could a country grow wealthy and self-sufficient. (4) Britain sold its surplus products abroad for gold and silver through extensive trade.2. Luddites(1) They were a group of workers against machines in the early 1800s in Britain. (2) They smashed and destroyed new factory machinery, because they believed that factory machines had robbed them of their jobs.3. William Blake(1) He was a British poet in the nineteenth century. (2) He attacked industrialization severely in his poem Jerusalem. (3) He referred to factories as 'dark satanic mills' and accused them of polluting 'England's green and pleasant land'.4. Britain' s mixed economy(1) In Britain's mixed economy, nationalized industries account for only 10 percent of the Gross National Product. (2) The economy is largely in private hands. (3) One tenth of the economy is controlled by foreign commercial interests.5. British Agriculture(1) Agriculture is one of the country' s most important industries. (2) Farm efficiency and production have increased greatly over recent years in spite of the decline in manpower. (3) It has one of the highest output per worker in the world. (4) British farmers are dissatisfied with the EEC agricultural policy because they believe that they are supporting uneconomic farming in other parts of the EEC.6. Invisible earnings(1) The wealth created by Britain' s service industries is called invisible earnings. (2) Invisible earnings fall into three main groups: receipts and payments for services supplied abroad; interest, profits and dividends arising out of British investment overseas; and foreign currency brought into the country by visiting tourists. (3) Britain's invisible earnings are second only to that of the United States.7. the City of London(1) It is the oldest part of the capital and ranks as one of the world's most important financial centres. (2) It contains the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange, important industries and many of the world's top commodity market, etc. (3) Its main activity is buying and selling commodities, services and finance for commercial investment, as well as stocks and shares in all kinds of businesses and industries throughout the world.8. the Bank of England(1) It is the nation's central bank. (2) It is run by a governor and a group of directors appointed by the Crown. (3) It prints and issues currency notes and controls the country' s gold reserves.9. the Stock Exchange(1) It is the largest and most important stock exchange in Britain and in the world (2) It has a greater turnover than any other market in the world. (3) Its motto is ' My word is my bond'. (4) It has a history of more than two hundred years.10 . Britain's Industrial Revolution(1) The Industrial Revolution took place first in Britain in the eighteenth century. (2) The Industrial Revolution owed a great deal to the invention of the steam engine. Factories came into being because they brought about more benefits to the owners. (3) The revolution brought many economic advantages to Britain and made Britain an exceedingly rich and powerful nation, but it also caused some social problems. (4) The successes and achievements of industrialization were founded on the exploitation of working people.。
2018届高三英语上学期第五次双周练试题第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案划在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the woman’s nationality?A. Australian.B. American.C. Indian.2. Why was the woman able to get an A on the test?A. She read the whole textbook.B. She reviewed all the notes.C. She attended every lecture.3. What does the man plan to do on the weekend?A. Host a dance party.B. Visit Bill with the woman.C. Help the woman with a party.4. When will the woman meet the man tomorrow?A. At 10:00 am.B. At 10:30 am.C. At 11:00 am.5. What do we know about the man?A. He worked abroad for a few years.B. He is planning to go to .C. He wants to meet the woman again.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
