初中英语语法中考总复习-------名词
名词
1.1名词复数的规则变化 1.2其它名词复数的规则变化
1.3名词复数的不规则变化 1.4不可数名词量的表示
1.5定语名词的复数 1.6不同国家的人的单复数
1.7名词的格
1.1 名词复数的规则变化
1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化
1）以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。例如：monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
2）以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：
a. 加s，如：photo---photos piano---pianos
radio---radios zoo---zoos；
b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes
c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero---zeros / zeroes。
3）以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：
a. 加s，如：belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs；
b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half---halves
knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves；
c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief: handkerchiefs /
handkerchieves。
1.3 名词复数的不规则变化
1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mouse---mice man---men woman---women
注意：由一个词加man 或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。
2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three yuan，four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。
3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如：
people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：
a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。
b. news 为不可数名词。
c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如：
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。
5）表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼镜）trousers,clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）;suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。
6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters 水域，fishes（各种）鱼。
1.4 不可数名词量的表示
1）物质名词
a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。
比较：Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。（不可数）
These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。（可数）
b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如：
This factory produces steel.（不可数）
We need various steels.（可数）
c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：
Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。
Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。
2）抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如：
four freedoms 四大自由the four modernizations四个现代化
物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice一则建议。
1.5 定语名词的复数
名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。
1) 用复数作定语。例如：
sports meeting 运动会students reading-room 学生阅览室
talks table 谈判桌the foreign languages department 外语系
2）man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如：men workers women teachers gentlemen officials
3）有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如：
goods train （货车）arms produce武器生产
customs papers 海关文件clothes brush 衣刷
4）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如：
two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路
two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划
1.6 不同国籍人的单复数
1.7 名词的格
英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下：
1）单数名词词尾加"'s"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加"'s"，如the boy's bag 男孩的书包，men's room 男厕所。
2）若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加" ' "，如：the workers' struggle工人的斗争。
3）凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。
4）在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barber's 理发店。
5）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示"分别有"；只有一个's，则表示'共有'。例如：John's and Mary's rooms（两间）John and Mary's room（一间）
6）复合名词或短语，'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如：a month or two's absence
初中英语语法专项习题1-名词
单项选择
( ) 1 She was very happy. She in the maths test.
A. makes a few mistake
B. made a few mistakes
C. made few mistakes
D. makes few mistake
( ) 2 We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please?
A. potato
B. potatos
C. potatoes
D. potatoe
( ) 3 _____are____for cutting things.
A. Knife/used
B. Knives/used
C. Knife/using
D. Knives/using ( ) 4 What big____ the tiger has!
A. tooth
B. teeth
C. tooths
D. toothes
( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree___.
A. leafs
B. leaves
C. leaf
D. leave
( ) 6 -Can we have some ___? -Yes, please.
A. banana
B. oranges
C.apple
D. pear
( ) 7 On the table there are five____.
A. tomatos
B. piece of tomatoes
C. tomatoes
D. tomato ( ) 8 They got much ___ from those new books.
A. ideas
B. photos
C. information
D. stories
( ) 9 He gave us____ on how to keep fit.
A. some advices
B. some advice
C. an advice
D. a advice ( ) 10 When we saw his face, we knew___ was bad.
A. some news
B. a news
C. the news
D. news ( ) 11 What___ lovely weather it is!
A. /
B. the
C. an
D. a
( ) 12 -Would you like___tea? -No, thanks. I have drunk two____.
A. any, bottles of orange
B. some, bottles of orange
C. many, bottles of oranges
D. few, bottle of oranges
( ) 13 He is hungry. Give him ___ to eat.
A. two breads
B. two piece of bread
C. two pieces of bread
D. two pieces of breads
( )14 It really took him:___ to draw the nice horse.
A. sometimes
B. hour
C. long time
D. some time ( ) 15 I would like to have___.
A. two glasses of milk
B. two glass of milk I
C. two glasses of milks
D. two glass of milks
( )16 Can you give me ____?
A. a tea
B. some cup of tea
C. a cup tea
D. a cup of tea ( ) 17 Please give me ___ paper.
A. one
B. a piece
C. a
D. a piece of ( ) 18 John bought___for himself yesterday.
A. two pairs of shoes
B. two pair of shoe
C. two pair of shoes
D. two pairs shoes
( ) 19 -How many ____ have you got on your farm? -I've got five.
A. sheeps
B. sheep
C. pig
D. chicken
( ) 20 Some ___ came to our school for a visit that day.
A. Germans
B. Germen
C. Germany
D. Germanies ( ) 21 In the picture there are many____ and two ______.
A. sheep; foxes C. sheeps; foxes
B. sheeps; fox D. sheep;foxs
( )22 A group of______ will visit the museum tomorrow.
A. Hungarian
B. Australian
C. Japanese
D. American ( )23 This table is made of___.
A. many glass
B. glasses
C. some glasses
D. glass ( ) 24 -What would you like to have for lunch, sir? -I'd like____. !
A. chicken
B. a chicken
C. chickens
D. the chicken ( ) 25 Children should make____ for old people in a bus.
A. room
B. a room
C. rooms
D. the room ( ) 26 Tables are made of___.
A. wood
B. some woods
C. wooden
D. woods
( ) 27 I wonder why ______ are so interested in action (武打片) films.
A. people
B. peoples
C. the people
D. the peoples ( ) 28 I have read____ of the young writer.
A. works
B. work
C. this works
D. the works
( ) 29 Let's meet at 7: 30 outside the gate of___?
A. the People's Park
B. the Peoples' Park
C. the People Park
D. People's Park
( ) 30 ___ Chinese people are ___ hard working people.
A. /; a
B. We; the
C. The; the
D. The; a
( ) 31 How many were there in the street when the accident happened?
A. policeman
B. polices
C. police
D. peoples
( )32 If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller____.
A. set
B. one
C. piece
D. pair
( ) 33 Last week I bought a TV____.
A. pair .
B. set
C. piece
D. block
( ) 34 There is a ______ of wood left on the ground.
A. cup
B. piece ,
C. box
D. pair
( ) 35 There are sixty-seven___ in our school.
A. women's teacher
B. women teachers
C. woman teachers
D. women teacher
( ) 36 There are five___in our factory.
A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers ( ) 37 These ____ were sent to the villages to help the farmers.
A. women doctor
B. women doctors
C. woman doctors
D. woman doctor ( ) 38 They write most of their___ in English.
A. business letter
B. business letters
C. businesses
D. businesses letters
( ) 39 We came to a ___ at last .and went in.
A. watch shop
B. watches shop ,'
C. watching shop
D. watchs shop ( ) 40 This shop sells apples, bananas and things like these. It's a___.
A. food shop
B. book shop
C. fruit shop
D. vegetable shop ( )41 She broke a___while she was washing up.
A. glass of wine
B. glass for wine
C. glass wine
D. wine glass ( )42 I've forgotten both of the____.
A. room numbers .
B. rooms number
C. rooms numbers
D. room number
( )43. September 10th is____in China.
A. Teacher's Day
B. Teachers'Day
C. Teacher Day
D. Teachers Day ( ) 44 -Is the broom under ____ desk? -No, it's under____.
A. the teacher's; my
B. teacher's; mine
C. teacher's; me
D. the teacher's; mine
( ) 45 Excuse me, where is the___?
A. men's room
B. mens' room
C. men's rooms
D. men rooms
( ) 46 The football under the bed is____.
A. Lily and Lucy
B. Lily's and Lucy's
C. Lily's and Lucy
D. Lily and Lucy's
( ) 47 This is my____dictionary.
A. sister Mary
B. sister's
C. sister, Mary's
D. sister's Mary's ( ) 48 He went to ___ shop to buy a shirt.
A. a tailor
B. the tailor
C. a tailors
D. the tailors' ( ) 49 Joan is____.
A. Mary's and Jack sister
B. Mary and Jack's sister
C. Mary and Jack sister
D. Mary's and Jack's sister
( ) 50 In a few____ time, those mountains will be covered with trees.
A. year
B. years'
C. year's
D. years
( ) 51 It's about ___ walk from my house.
A. ten minute
B. ten minutes'
C. ten minute's
D. ten minutes ( ) 52 The post office is a bit far from here. It's about_____.
A. thirty minutes's walk
B. thirty minute's walk
C. thirty minutes' walk
D. thirty minutes walk
( ) 53 Half___ telephone calls are made in English.
A. the world
B. world
C. the world's
D. world's ( ) 54 ____ face to the south.
A. Windows of the room
B. The windows of the room
C. The room's windows
D. The windows in room
( ) 55 Please take two___.
A. picture of the park
B. pictures of the park
C. the pictures of a park
D. picture of a park
( ) 56 The workers are repairing____.
A. the roof of the house
B. a roof of the house
C. roof of the house
D. this roof of house
( ) 57 Miss Smith is a friend of____.
A. Mary's mother's
B. Mary's mother
C. mother's of Mary
D. Mary mothers
( ) 58 This is a book of ___.
A. Tom
B. Tom's
C. her
D. him
( ) 59 The post card is sent by ____.
A. a friend of my father
B. a friend of my father's
C. my father friend
D. my father friend's
( ) 60 Sydney is a city of___.
A. America
B. Germany
C. Australia
D. Japan ( ) 61 My father likes buying us ___.
A. cars
B. flowers
C. peasants
D. presents
( ) 62 In England, the last name is the ___.
A. full name
B. family name
C. middle name
D. given name ( ) 63 Mr Gao is a teacher. He works in a new____.
A. shop
B. school
C. factory
D. hospital
( ) 64 My father is a____. He works in a hospital.
A. teacher
B. doctor
C. farmer
D. soldier
( ) 65 -Which animal lives only in China? -The____.
A. tiger
B. monkey
C. panda
D. elephant
( ) 66 April come before___and after___.
A. March; May
B. May; March
C. June; May
D. March; February
( ) 67 Which of the following is right?
A. China has a large population.
B. China has much population.
C. China has many populations.
D. China has a great deal of population. ( ) 68 Please do like this. Fold the paper____ and cut along the fold.
A. into pieces
B. in half
C. on halves
D. to half ( ) 69 You played the violin wonderfully. Will you please play another____?
A. one
B. game
C. programme
D. piece ( ) 70._____ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _____ teachers.
A. A number of ; women
B. A number of ; woman
C. The number of ; women
D. The number of ; woman
( )71.—Well,you look so happy!--Because I've got a good ________.
A.work
B. news
C.job
D. ideas
( ) 72. We need to come up with a/an____and make a decision at once.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/0917042204.html,rmation
B.advice
C.idea
D.news
( ) 73. We should not eat ______ meat.
A. too many
B. much too
C. too much
D. many too
( ) 74. I don’t understand the story though there are _______ new words in it.
A. few
B. little
C. a few
D. a little
( )75. What a pity! Liu Xiang didn’t win the_____hurdles（跨栏）.
A.110-meter
B.110-meters
C.110 meter
D.110 meters
初中英语语法中考总复习-------代词
考点扫描：代词是代替名词和名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词，按照其不同的含义与作用分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词、不定代词。约占中考试题的10%左右，主要考查人称代词的用法，物主代词的用法，反身代词的用法，引导定语从句的关系代词的用法，特殊疑问代词的用法及几组常见代词的用法。
知识要点概括：
2.三种人称代词并列时,顺序为:
单数:二,三,一（You, she/ he and I ）复数:一,二,三(we , you and they )
注:若把责任担,第一人称最当先,(即若做错事时,把第一人称放在最前面.)
She and I have been to Beijing. Who broke the window? I and Mike.
注：人称代词的特殊用法
(1). 在but 、except 、than 、as 和动词be之后，人称代词可用主格，亦可用宾格（口语常用宾格）。E.g. I’m thinner than she /her .
(2). It 指无生命的东西，天气、时间、距离、形式主语、形式宾语。
(3). 指代不明确的人，说话者不清楚或没有必要知道说话对象的性别时，用it 代替。
e.g. I t’s a lovely baby . Is it a boy or a girl ?
2.名词性的物主代词，后面不能加名词。名词性的物主代词常与of 连用。注: 1)名词性的物主代词相当于形容词性的物主代词加一个名词.
2)形容词性的物主代词与own 连用时,后面可跟名词也可不跟名词.
My own house = a house of my own
2. 反身代词的常用搭配：enjoy oneself hurt oneself teach oneself = learn…by oneself all by oneself help oneself to … look after oneself leave sb. by oneself say to oneself for oneself dress oneself improve oneself
四.指示代词
1.近指: this these 远指: that those
2.用法:
1)that those 常用来代替前面出现的人或物,以避免重复. That代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词. Those 代替复数名词.
The weather in Guangdong is hotter than _____ in Qinghai .
The books in that shop are cheaper than ______in this shop.
A. this
B. that
C. one
D. those
2)this ,that 可代替句子或句子的一个部分,that代替前面提到的句子而this代替
下面提到的句子.
3)在电话用语中,this 代替自己,而that 代替对方.
五.不定代词的区别.
1.one与it 的区别: one 代替同类事物中的一种. 而it代替上文中出现的某事物. This book is a good one. May I borrow it?
2.some与any 的区别
一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定,疑问句,条件句中.但在表建议的疑问句中,仍用some 代any. 常用于could / would / May 开头或what about /how about …. 的句中。
3.many与much的区别
Many+可数名词的复数Much+不可数名词都相当于a lot of +复数名词/不可数名词注:a lot of 不能用于否定句中. 否定句中用many /much .
4.a few /few /a little /little 的区别
each 表示两者或两者以上的人或物中的每一个.而every 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一个.
There are trees and flowers on ____ side of the street . ____ student has read a story .
注:each 可以与of 连用, each of 作主语时,谓语动词用单数.而every 不能与of 连用.只能放在名词前作定语. Each of us _______(study )hard .
6.no one 与none 的区别
no one 表示没有人, 不能与of 连用. 而none of +复数名词/ 代词，作主语时，谓语常用单数。.
The boys were all tired, but _____ of them stopped to have a rest.
7.both /neither /either /all / none / any 的区别
注: 1). both 的否定词是neither , all的否定词是none.
2).both of 作主语时,谓语动词用复数. neither of作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.
Neither of the answers ______(be) right . Both of my parents _______(be) workers.
3).词组
A) both …and …连接两个主语时,谓语动词用复数. 同义词组:not only …but also … 反义词组: neither … nor …
Not only you but also she likes watching TV. = ____ you _____ she like watching TV.= You like watching TV , _____ _____ she .
B) either …or … 或者……或者…… , neither…nor… 既不……也不…… 连接两个主语时,谓语动词实行就近原则.
Neither you nor he ______ (be ) right .
One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park. = _____ Lily _____Lucy _____ going to the park.
C) either 也可用于否定句中的“也”
D) neither 也可表示“ 也不” 句型: neither … sb. 某人也不怎么样.
If you don’t go there, _____ _____ I. (我也不去)
4) how many /how much 的回答:用none回答. Who 的回答:用no one 回答.
What 的回答:用nothing 回答.
How many students are there in the classroom? __________. Who can answer the question? _______.A. None B. No one C. Nothing 8.other /the other /others /the others 的区别
2) some… others… 表示一些…… 一些……
3) another 表示三者以上的不确定数目中的另一个. 只能修饰可数名词的单
数.
但 another +数字+ 复数名词= 数字+ more +复数名词 表示 “ 另外几
个
……” I have two brothers, one is a teacher, _________ is a worker. Some are cleaning the classroom, ______ are sweeping the window.9.
Every one of us has seen the film. Everyone should do their best.10.复合不定代词.
2.形容词修饰不定代词时, 形容词放在不定代词之后.
3.动词不定式修饰不定代词时, 动词不定式放在不定代词之后.
4.复合不定代词用于反义疑问句中,
1)指人的不定代词, 其反义疑问句中的主语用he 或they .
2)指物的不定代词, 其反义疑问句中的主语用 it .
5.any ,anything ,anyone, anybody 也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何……/任何物/任何人”
Everything ______(begin ) to grow in spring , _______ _______ ?
Is there ___________(一些有趣的事)in today’s newspaper ?
初中英语语法专项习题3-代词
( ) 1 Though it rained heavily, ____ were still playing on the playground.
A. they
B. them
C. their
D. themselves
( ) 2 Tom and ____ will go to see our teacher, for ___ is ill.
A. I; she.
B. me; she
C. I; her
D. me; her
( ) 3 Is___a boy or girl?
A. she
B. he
C. one
D. it
( ) 4 Only____know it.
A. I and he
B. he and you
C. he and I
D. I and you ( ) 5 I saw___ playing in the street at that time.
A. them
B. they
C. their
D. theirs
( )6 Jim will give____ a short talk tomorrow.
A. we
B. us
C. our
D. ours
( )7 Please ask____ not to skate on the thin ice.
A. they
B. them
C. their
D. theirs
( )8 The pen is hers. Pass it to____, please.
A. her
B. she
C. hers
D. herself
( )9 Let me go and give the coat to____.
A. he
B. his
C. himself
D. him
( )10 They asked___ to do the work.
A. you, he and I
B. you, him and me
C. I, you and he
D. me, you and him ( )11 Who's that at the door? ____ is the postman.
A. She
B. This
C. It
D. He
( )12 -Who's that in the picture?
A. It's me
B. That's I
C. This is a boy
D. It's I
( )13 Someone is knocking at the door, but who can____ be?
A. one
B. he
C. she
D. it
( )14 ___ was late summer and the weather was very hot.
A. That
B. It
C. This
D. It's
( ) 15. What time is ____ now?
A it B. all C. this D: that
( ) 16. ___ is 200 kilometres from here to the natural park. We have to go there by car. A. There B. It C. This D. The place ( ) 17. The bird built___ nest in the tree.
A. it's
B. her's
C. hers
D. its
( ) 18. Have you seen___pen, a black one?
A. these
B. my
C. you
D. hers
( ) 19. Sorry I have forgot ____ telephone number.
A. yours
B. him
C. you
D. his
( ) 20. The bear was shot in___ head. ?
A. the
B. its
C. a
D. this
( ) 21. He apologized to me for hitting me___ face.
A. on the
B. at the
C. in the
D. in my
( ) 22. Our room is big, but____ is bigger than____.
A. their; our
B. their; ours
C. theirs; ours
D. theirs; our ( ) 23. They aren't our books. Are they____?
A. your
B. his
C. her
D. their
( ) 24. You have a good room, I should say. But it's not as big as___.
A. I
B. my
C. me
D. mine ( ) 25. ____ is the best season of the year?
A. When
B. What
C. Which
D. What time ( ) 26. ____ is your sister? -She is a nurse.
A. What
B. Which
C. How
D. Who ( ) 27. -___ colour are your new shoes? -They are brown.
A. Any
B. Whose
C. Which
D. What ( ) 28 -___ is your classmate John like? -He's very tall.
A. How
B. What
C. Who
D. Which ( ) 29. ____ has happened and ____ did it?
A. Who; who
B. What; who
C. What; what
D. Who; what ( ) 30. -_____ is that man over there? -He's Mr Green.
A. What
B. Which
C. How
D. Who ( ) 31. -___ is the boy standing there? -He is my brother.
A. Which
B. What
C. How
D. Who ( ) 32. Who ___ the little American boy over there?
A. were
B. are
C. is
D. am
( ) 33. Who___these tall men?
A. is
B. am
C. are
D. was ( ) 34. ____ one do you like, the blue one or the red one?
A. What
B. Which
C. That
D. This ( ) 35. -___ is bigger? -The yellow one.