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定语从句
基本概念：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于一个形容词，因此也叫形容词性从句。
先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。它与定语从句的位置关系为：先行词+定语从句。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。关系代词和关系副词在句中起引导定语从句的作用，同时又在定语从句中担任主语，宾语，表语，定语和状语等成分。
常用的关系代词：
who, whom, whose, that, which ，as .
常用的关系副词：
when, where, why .
分类：定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
I．限制性定语从句
在此类从句中，先行词代表一个、一些或一类特定的人或事物，这种定语从句已和被修饰词构成了一个完
整的意思，定语从句不能拿掉，否则剩下的主句将失去意义而不能成立。
A．关系代词的用法
先行词是人
1．作主语who, that
e.g. The girl who/ that is standing under the tree is my sister.
2. 作宾语(who, whom, that)
e.g. The girl (who/ whom/ that )he is talking to is my sister.
3. 作定语whose
e.g. The girl whose hair is red is my sister.
先行词是物
1．作主语which / that
e.g. The book which/ that is on the table is mine. 2．作宾语(which/ that)
e.g. The book (which / that) you bought yesterday is good.
3．作定语whose
e.g. The book whose cover is blue is mine.
The man __________ you were talking with just now is my uncle.
Do you know the woman _______ is selling the vegetables there.
I like the room ________ windows face south.
The glass ________ you bought yesterday is very good. The old man didn’t allow his daughter to marry the man ______ family is poor.
The fruit _________ my father planted is delicious.
I bought the book in the shop _________ is in the corner of the street.
I don’t like the apples ________ are not fresh.
He visited the factory _______ his father once worked in.
My mother likes the places ________ have the beautiful scenery.
The teacher _______ is respected by the students is his aunt.
I know the man _______ you are shaking hands with.
A plane is a machine _______ can fly.
The noodles _________ I cooked were delicious.
Who is the man _______ is reading a book over there? The girl ________ we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister. They planted some trees _______ didn’t need much water.
The fish ________ we bought this morning were not fresh.
The foreigner _______ visited our class yesterday is from Canada.
The boy ________ broke the window is called Tom.
The person ______ you just talked to is Mr. Li.
Mrs. Read is the person _______ you should write to. B．在定语从句中如介词提前，关系代词用法如下：
先行词是人介词+ whom
e.g. The girl to whom he is speaking is my sister.
The girl ______ he is speaking to is my sister.
先行词是物介词+ which
e.g. The room in which he used to live is very big.
C. 关系代词as的用法
1）as也可作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，指整个主句的概念，常译为“正如”之意，在句中作主语，宾语或表语。
2）as引导的定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，位置很灵活。
e.g. More than seventy percent of the surface of the earth is covered with water, as we all know. （作宾语）
As is reported in the papers , our country has launched another manmade earth satellite. （作主语）
The experiment is very important, as indeed it is.
（表语）
常用这类似结构还有：as is said above; as is already mentioned above; as it is; as is often the case (with)这是常有的事；事情通常就是这样;as is reported in the newspaper等等
He is often late for school, as is often the case with him.
As is often the case with old people, my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days.
3）as引导的限制性定语从句还常放在the same，和such, as后。
e.g. This is the same one as I showed you the other day.
Keep away from such things as will do you harm. 4) 经常用于非限制性定语从句中，表示“众所周知”的表达有以下几种：
as we all know,…
as is known to all,…
as everybody/everyone knows,…
D. 关系副词的用法
1).when
when在定语从句中作时间状语。
e.g. Einstein had to stop his research work in the year
when the First World War broke out.
That happened on the day when I saw you.
2).where
where在定语从句中作地点状语。
e.g. What is the name of the town where we stayed last year?
My neighbor bought this TV set in the shop where her brother works.
名词situation, point, case, stage, scene等后可接where引导的定语从句
I understand the situation where a woman falls in
love with a married man.
It gets to the point where communication is possible.
They have reached the point where they have to
separate.
3)why
why 在定语从句中作原因状语，多放在名词the reason 后。
e.g. The reason why he did it will always remain a mystery.
I don’t know the reason why he always looks at me coldly.
The reason _____ he explained is reasonable.
E. 有时关系副词可以等同于介词加关系代词which. when =介词+ which
I will never forget the day when / on which I joined the army.
where =介词+ which
I visited the factory where / in which my mother once worked.
why =介词+ which
I will tell you the reason why / for which I was late.
注意：
当定语从句中的谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，不可把短语动词的各个部分拆开，也就是说不能将介词提前。
These are the children whom you need to look after. The post office which you are looking for is at the other end of the street.
注意以下的情况：
from where, since when 为介词+关系副词结构，也可引导定语从句
We stood on the top of the hill, from where we could
see the whole town.
He left in 1989, since when he has been working in a bank.
This is a book _________ tells about space rocket technology.
The letter _________ I received yesterday was from my brother.
The book ________ they sent me is very good.
He lives in the house _________ is opposite ours.
The dog _______ was lost has been found.
This is the pan _______ I boiled milk in.
The hotel _______ I stayed in last month is over there. This is the magazine _______ you are looking for.
The dog _______ Aunt Li takes care of is lost.
She is the girl _______ you saw in school.
They live in a house ______ was built 200 years ago. Here is the car ________ I told you about.
Who is the man _________ shook hands with you just now?
Is he the man ______ you shook hands just now?
Here comes the girl ________ wants to see you .
Jim began to talk to a girl _____ sat next to him.
I wanted to find someone ________ I could discuss music.
This is the man_______ I gave it to.
The man ________ you were talking is my father.
This is the man ________ I wrote.
The girl ______ I spoke is my sister.
I’d like a room _______ windows looks out onto the sea. Please pass me the dictionary ______ cover is black. The doctor _______ name was Johnson lived in a small
town in the north of England.
She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth.
We are living in an age ________ many things are done by computer.
Y esterday I met Mr. Li _______ told me the whole matter.
I don’t know the reason ________ she didn’t agree to our study plan.
This is the man _______ daughter is in my class.
We’ll never forget the day _______ we traveled abroad. We have visited the factory, ______ my father once worked.
Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake, ______is known to all.
The day will soon come ________ man will set foot on another planet.
Do you know the person _______ you discuss the problem?
The games _______ the young men competed were difficult.
He came back to the college ______he taught chemistry 20 years ago.
F．that也可用作关系副词，在定语从句中作状语，常用在the day, the time , the moment ,the year, the way ,the reason等名词之后（也可省略）。
This was the reason (that) (=why) we raised the output . This is the first time (that) I came to Guangzhou.
1949 was the year (that) (=when) the People’s R epublic of China was founded.
By the time (that) you are dressed, breakfast will be ready.
The moment (that) he entered the room, everybody became silent .
G．注意关系代词和关系副词的用法区别。不受先行词意义的干扰。
This is a place (which /that) I’ve longed to visit.
(因先行词a place 作visit的宾语，所以用(which/that)，而不用where.)
Do you remember the years (which/that) we spent in the countryside?
（因先行词the years 作spent的宾语，所以用(which/that)，而不用when）
H. “one of the+复数名词”后面定语从句谓语单复数情况
A 。one of the+复数名词后面的定语从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式，跟定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。
This is one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990.
She is one of the few persons who know Spanish.
B．如果one of the+复数名词前面带有定冠词the或the only, the very之类的限定词，后面的定语从句的谓语动词通常用单数形式这是因为定语从句在意义上修饰the one, the only one, the very one.而不是那个复数名词。
He is the one of the teachers who knows French in our school.
He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.
This is the only one of the rooms that is free now.
This is one of the rooms that are free now.
I．有些定语从句缺少所修饰的先行词，应该先加上先行词the one再跟上关系代词或关系副词构成定语从句.
试比较：
Is this the room (which/ that ) we visited yesterday?
Is this room the one (which/that) we visited yesterday?
Is this the room in which/ where we once lived ?
Is this room the one in which/ where we once lived?
J. the way意为“方式，方法”时,作方式状语时，关系代词用in which, that, /
I don’t like the way in which/ that/ ---you talk to me.
Le t’s go the way (that) we went yesterday.
II．非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，如省略，主句意思不受影响。非限制性定语从句与主句之间要用逗号分开，常与主句分开翻译，相当于一个并列句。Charles works in a chemical plant, where he holds an important position.
We can talk in English now, which makes us very happy.
The man , from whom I learned the news , is an engineer.
She has two sons, one of whom/either of whom/ neither of whom is a doctor.
She has two sons, both of whom are doctors.
She has two sons, and one of them/either of them/ neither of them is a doctor.
She has two sons, and both of them are doctors.
She has two sons; one of them/either of them/ neither of them is a doctor.
She has two sons; both of them are doctors.
关系代词as 和which 的区别
A．共同点
1．都可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句。
2．都可指代整个主句的概念。
B．不同点
1．as有“正如、按照”的意思，而which没有。
2．as的位置很灵活可放句首、句中或句尾，
而which只能放在主句之后。
3．As表示说话的依据、态度、解释或评论等，而which 表示某事的状态和结果。
如：
As is said, China invented the first paper money.
He failed to show up at the party, which made her very sad.
注意
He won the game, as we had expected.
He won the game, which we hadn’t expected.
注意下面的区别：
I live in a room, whose windows face the south.
I live in a room, the windows of which face the south.
I live in a room, of which the windows face the south. There are fifty students in our class, two thirds of whom are girls
There are fifty students in our class, of whom two thirds are girls.
特别注意
1．关系代词指物时，在下面几种情况中只能用that，不能用which:
1).先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时。
e.g. Is there anything here that I can do for you ?
All that can be done has been done.
2) 当先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时.
The only thing that we could do was to wait.
Y ou can take any seat that is free.
3). 当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
e.g. This is the most exciting trip that I have ever experienced.
4). 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
e.g. This is the first car that arrived this morning .
5).当先行词是数词时.
e.g. Y esterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still alive.
6). 当先行词既指人又指物时。
e.g. They talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
7)如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，
另一个关系代词则宜用that。
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
8) 主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。
There is still a seat in the corner that is free.
9）被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。
That’s a good book that will help you a lot.
My hometown is no longer the place (that) it used to be. 2．定语从句中宜用which不宜用that的情况
1). 当介词放在关系代词之前时。
e.g. The room in which she lives is a large one.
2). 在非限制性定语从句中。
e.g. He showed me his new watch, which his father has bought him recently.
3). 当关系代词指整个主句的概念时。
e.g. I said nothing ,which made him still more angry. He failed the exam, which made his father very angry.
4). 在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that，另一个宜用which。
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
At the station I bought some magazine that might help
me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.
5）当关系代词后面带有插入语时。
Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you , will help improve your English.
3．先行词是人时，定语从句中宜用who而不宜用that 的情况
1）先行词为one, ones, anyone, 或those 时。
The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well.
Anyone who failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.
Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once.
I don’t like the ones (those) who talk big.
2）在There be结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。
There’s a gentleman who wants to see you.
There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses.
3）当先行词有较长的后置定语时。
I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese well.
4）在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that，另一个宜用who。
The student that was praised at yesterday’s meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard. 6．that引导定语从句与引导同位语从句的区别：
that引导的定语从句与引导的同位语从句都是在名词之后，很容易混淆，但二者是完全不同的，主要表现在：引导定语从句时，that是关系代词，在定语从句中担任主语或宾语等成分；而引导同位语从句时，that是连接
代词,that只起引导词作用，在从句中不担任任何成分。
e.g. We must face the fact that we are living in a changing world.
He collected the facts that could prove heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed
He told us the news that the new shop would be open on and after next Sunday.
He told us the news that he got from his classmate this morning.
Exercises
1. The result of the experiment was very good, ________ we hadn’t expected.
A.when
B. where
C. which
D. that
2. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ______ he grew up as a child.
A.which
B. where
C. that
D. when
3. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _____was very reasonable.
A.which price
B. the price of which
C. the price of whose
D. its price
4._______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.
A.Which
B. As
C. That
D. It
5. Mary was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _______, of course, made the others unhappy.
A.who
B. which
C. this
D. what
6. It was an exciting moment for those football fans this
year, _____ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
A.that
B. while
C. when
D. which
7. I gave him a warning, ______ he turned a deaf ear.
A.of which
B. for which
C. to that
D. to which
8. The general controlled a thousand men, ______ must obey his order in the war.
A.all of whom
B. all of who
C. all of them
D. all of which
9. The pen, ______ I paid 13 yuan, was lost.
A.which
B. that
C．for which D. to which
10. The factory ____ is on the other side of the city.
A.where he works
B.he works in
c. in which he works D.all of the above
11. The manager ______ company he works is very strict with his workers.
A.who
B. in which
C．whose D. in whose
12. There is a mountain _______ the top is always covered with snow.
A.it’s
B. that
C. of that
D. of which
13. The young man ______ talk ______ we have just heard is a famous bull fighter.
A. who; which
B. who; /
C. whose; /
D. whom; which
14. Is there a restaurant around ______ I can have something to eat?
A that B. what C. which D. where
15. Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
A.when
B. what
B.whatever D. that
Has all ______ can be done been done?
A.that
B. what
B.when D. for when
16. I’ll never forget the years ______ I lived in the country with the farmers, _____ has a great effect on my life.
A.her; which
B. when; which
C.which; that
D. when; who
17. This is the key school ______ I graduated from two years ago.
A.where
B. in which
C. /
D. at which
18. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation _______ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A.where
B. which
C. while
D. why
19. We will be shown around the city, school, museum, and some other places, ____other visitors seldom go.
A.what
B. which
C. where
D. when
20. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, ______ was true.
A.he
B. this
C. which
D. who
21. Many people came to the meeting, ____ a number left early.
A.to whom
B. for whom
C. at whom
D. of whom
22. Women ______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ______ don’t.
A. who; /
B. / ; who
C．who; who D. / ; /
23. The Beatles, _________ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
A.what
B. that
C. how
D. as
24. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _____ she had come.
A.of which
B. by which
C. in which
D. from which
25. In an hour, we can travel to places _____ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
A.where
B. when
C．which D. what
26. My most famous relative of all, _______ who really left his mark on America, was Reb Sussel, my great-grandfather.
A.one
B. the one
C. he
D. someone
27.The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, ______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.
A.who
B. that
C. as
D. which
28. We saw several natives advancing toward our party, and one of them came up to us _______ we gave some beers and glasses.
A. to which
B. to whom
C. with whom
D. with which
29. We are just trying to reach a point _______ both sides will sit down together and talk.
A.where
B. that
C. when
D. which
30. –Do you have anything to say for yourselves?
--Y es, there’s one point ______ we must insist on.
A.why
B. where
C. how
D. /
31. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _______ Chinese in the school, most ______ were from Germany.
A.study; of whom
B. study; of them
C.studying; of them
D. studying; of whom
32. After living abroad for many years he returned to the city ______ he was born.
A.which
B. when
C. that
D. where
33. ______ is known to everyone , light travels faster
than sound.
A. It
B. As
C. Which
D. What
34. My parents are satisfied with _____ has been done.
A.that
B. which
C. all that
D. all what
35. Is this book _____ you referred to ?
A.that
B. which
C. the one
D. what
36. Who is the man _______ is standing at the door?
A.who
B. that
C. whom
D. whose
37. She is going to marry Tom, _____ she loves very much.
A.whose
B. which
C. that
D.whom
38. Anyone _____ breaks the law shall be punished.
A.that
B. who
C. which
D. when
39. _______ can be seen from his face, he is quite satisfied.
A.That
B. It
C. Which
D. As
40. His glasses, _____ he could see nothing, were lost.
A. with which
B. without it
C. without which
D. without them
1.你认识和你爸爸讲话的那个人吗？
2.这是昨天帮助我们的那个陌生人。
3.她就是那个努力学习数学的女孩。
4.他就是我们刚才谈论的那个人。
5.我们昨天在大街上遇到的那个男孩是我的同学。
6.这就是那个爸爸是警察的女孩。
7.他们住在一座窗子朝南的房子里。
物理是一门很难学的科目。
苹果是他最喜欢的水果。
他就是住在隔壁的那个人。
她就是我们在书店见到的那个妇女。
我们喜欢有趣的节目。
我仍然记得我第一次来到这座城市的那一天。
你能告诉我你昨天没来的原因吗？
众所周知，鲁迅是一位著名的作家。
这是我用法语写的第一封信。
他告诉了我他入党的时间。
这就是我们小时候住的房子。
杭州是有个美丽湖泊的城市。
我知道他开会迟到的原因。
我永远也不会忘记我们一起工作的时光。
这是他以前参观过的工厂。
我昨天缺席的原因是我病了。
他们来到一所农舍，农舍前面坐着一个小男孩。
我花10元钱买的钢笔丢了。
那个女人住在楼下，她是个音乐家。
他考试通过了，这使他父母很高兴。
众所周知，中国将在2008年举办奥运会。
我永远记得我参军的那一天。
我们班有50个学生，2/3是女生。
她有三个女儿，其中一个是医生。、
违反规定的任何人都要受到惩罚。
我们期望的那一天将很快来到。
我不喜欢他跟他爸爸讲话的方式。
我最讨厌那些不诚实的人。
中国有很多的岛屿，最大的是台湾岛。
我总是想起我们一起在北京度过的那些日子。
他们正在谈论在公园看到的人和物。
这是30年代写的最著名的剧本之一。
这是这些房间中唯一没人住的一间。
Do you know the man who is speaking to your father?
This is the stranger who helped us yesterday.
She is the girl who works hard at math.
He is the man (whom) we just talked about.
The boy (whom) we meet in the street yesterday
is my classmate.
This is the girl whose father is a policeman. They live in a house whose windows face south. Physics is a subject which is very difficult to learn.
Apples are the fruit which she likes best.
He is the man that lives nextdoor.
She is the woman that we saw in the bookshop. We like programs that are very interesting.
I still remember the day when I first came to this city.
Can you tell me the reason why you didn’t come yesterday.
As we all know, LuXun is a famous writer.
It is the first letter that I have written in French. He told me the date when he joined the Party. This is the house where we lived when we were young.
Hangzhou is a city where there is a beautiful lake.
I know the reason why he was late for the meeting.
I’ll never forget the time when we worked together.
The reason why I was absent yesterday was that I was ill.
They arrived at a farm house ,in front of which sat a small boy.
That is the writer about whom I talked just now. The pen on which I spent 10 yuan is lost.
The woman ,who lives downstairs, is a musician.
He passed the exam, which made his parent very happy.
As is known to all, China will host the Olympic Games in 2008.
2016-2020高考英语试题分类汇总-定语从句（解析 版） 【2020年】 1.（2020·江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free. A. whose B. which C. when D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which 引导。故选B。 3.（2020·天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. which 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。 3.（2020·新课标Ⅲ卷）In ancient China lived an artist61 paintings were almost lifelike. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 【2019年】 1.【2019·江苏卷】We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. which B. what C. when D. that 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷】Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A. why B. where C. which D. what 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can
定语从句十年高考真题汇编 1.【2012全国卷II】⒏ That evening, ______I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. that B. which C. what D. when 2.【2012安徽】29. A lot of language learning, ______has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. this 3.【2012重庆】29. Sales director is a position ______communication ability is just as important as sales skills. A. which B. that C. when D. where 4.【2012北京】26. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 5.【2012福建】23. The air quality in the city, _____ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. A. that B. it C. as D. what 6.【2012陕西】14. It is the third time that she has won the race, ____ has surprised us all. A. that B. where C. which D. what 7.【2012山东】23. Maria has written two novels, both of ___ have been made into television series. A. them B. that C. which D. what 8.【2012湖南】34. Care of the soul is a gradual process ____ even the small details of life should be considered. A. what B. in what C. which D. in which 9.【2012天津】7. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ____ help I would never have got this far. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 10.【2012江西】28. By 16:30, ____ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A. which B. when C. what D. that 11.【2012四川】13. In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses. A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them 12.【2012浙江】9. We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 13.【2012浙江】17. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A. which B. who C. where D. whom 14.【2012江苏】22. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, ____ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what 15.【2011全国卷I】The prize will go to the writer _____ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what 16. 【2011全国卷II】Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _____ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which 17.【2011北京卷】Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _____, of course, make all the others upset. A. who B. which C. what D. that 18.【2011上海卷】You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station _____ you can hire to reach your host family. A. which B. where C. when D. as 19.【2011山东卷】The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____ are built close to each other. A. they B. where C. what D. that 20.【2011江西卷】She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____ had taken more than three years. A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which 21.【2011江苏卷】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _____ the audience can buy ice-cream. A. when B. where C. that D. which 22.【2011安徽卷】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks. A. when B. which C. where D. while 23. 【2011浙江卷】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _____ uses it somewhat differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those 24. 【2011浙江卷】A bank is the place _____ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关
教学过程 一、复习预习 1、对上节课课后作业中的问题进行查漏补缺； 2、导入： e.g. She is a beautiful girl. She is a beautiful girl who drives me crazy. 二、知识讲解 （一）定语从句定义
1、定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面。 2、先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。 3、关系词：用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。 关系代词的种类： 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 关系副词：when, where, why 4、定语从句结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。 a、There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her. b、In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money. c、Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie. d、Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story. （二）定语从句分类 限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，对先行词起修饰限定作用，从句与先行词紧密相连，缺少它则句义显得不完整，一般不用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词关系松散，用逗号隔开。 1、The man who gave me this book is T om .(限定性) 2、T om,who is reading a book ,is my classmate (非限定性) （三）关系代词 1、who指人，在定语从句中作主语。 e.g. The man who is sitting under the tree is a German . 2、Whom指人，在句中做宾语，可省略，但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不能用who。关系代词前有介词时不能省略。 e.g. I know the girl (whom) the teacher is speaking to . I know the girl to whom the teacher is speaking . 3、whose, 作定语，可指人或物 e.g. Everyone heplps the child whose parents are dead. They are the lazy students whose homework wasn’t handed in . 4、that 指人或物，多指物，作主语（不能省略）或宾语（可省略） e.g. He is the finest comrade that has helped us . This is a plant that grows in the north . 5、which ,指物，在句中做主语（不能省略），或宾语（可省略）。 e.g. This is a plant which grows in the north . ☆常用that不用which的情况 1、当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代词时，只用that。 歌诀助记：不定代词这路货，全用that准没错。 Pay attention to everything that I do.
高考英语专题定语从句知识点真题汇编及答案解析 一、选择题 1．Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．which 2．She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ________ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A．which B．where C．what D．who 3．Take an active part in programs you enjoy______you can meet various kinds of people. A．what B．when C．that D．where 4．They overcame some difficulties and completed the work ahead of time, ________ was something we had not expected. A．that B．which C．it D．what 5．He bought a new building _____top is different from those of the others around. A．what B．which C．that D．whose 6．5G is an exciting mobile technology, ________ will give a massive boost to smart cities and vehicles. A．where B．when C．that D．which 7．My brother bought a telescope, ______ he could study the star in the night sky. A．of which B．through which C．in which D．on which 8．Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to buy it. A．neither of them B．both of them C．none of whom D．neither of whom 9．We came to a place ______ they had never paid a visit before. A．in which B．to which C．what D．which 10．He pointed out such a crucial detail about the experiment ______ we could never neglect. A．as B．that C．where D．when 11．Detectives are investigating the company, three of ________ senior executives have already been under arrest. A．its B．which C．those D．whose 12．You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station ________ you can hire to reach your host family. A．which B．where C．when D．as 13．The growth of economy is influenced by a number of factors, ________are beyond our control. A．most of them B．most of that C．most of what D．most of which 14．We won’t forget the heroes ________ lost their lives whi le fighting against a forest fire. A．who B．whose C．when D．why 15．The commander got a chance to visit the mountain_____ top was covered with thick snow ,____ he had been dreaming of for years. A．that; which B．whose ; which C．of which ; what D．of whom ;that
高中定语从句专项练习题及详解50题 1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I don't like ______ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who
在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。 提示：关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。 I I . 我把我所有的钱都给了她。（连接先特词和定语从句I ） 2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 a . 住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。（替代） 3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 I . 我喜欢传统的中国画。（在定语从句中作主语） 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词主要有, , , , 等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 A． 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 ? 借钱给你的那人叫什么名字？（定语从句修饰先行词） . 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。（定语从句修饰先行词） , , . 会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。（定语从句修饰先行词） B． 指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，可省略或可用来代替，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用。 . 有些人我们是喜欢的，有些人则是我们讨厌的。（定语从句分别修饰先行词, ） I . 和我一起工作的人都很友好。（定语从句修饰先行词） . , I , . . , I , . 昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过，他对我们的计划很感兴趣。（非限制性定语从句中不能用代替） , I , . 两个人来到我的办公室，我以前从未见过他们。（在介词后面不用） C． 人、物皆可，做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词，先行词和后面的名词之间往往是从属关系。 . 有些人，他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。（定语从句修饰先行词） I . 我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。（定语从句修饰行词） D． 1．指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。
定语从句 一．考点概述： 本考点是历年高考中考查的重点，主要考查关系代词(who, which,that,whose,whom)和关系副词（when, where, why）的用 法；考查形式：语法填空和短文改错；其次阅读理解和完型填空中长难 句的分析等 二．考点聚焦 功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 例如： He is the man who studies in USA. 本句中涉及到三个概念： 1.先行词即 the man：被定语从句饰的词称为先行词 先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样 可作先行词。 2. 引导词即who:起连接的作用 引导词分两类：关系代词和关系副词 关系代词：who;which;that;whose;whom 关系副词：when;where;why 3.从句即studies in USA.：引导词之后的句子。 三．考点精讲 1. 关系代词 : who;which; that; whom; whose 其中关系代词who;which;that;whom用于后面的从句缺主语或宾语的情况 (1)who:指代先行词是人(可做从句的主语或宾语)
She is the girl who I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man who teaches us English.(从句缺主语) (2)which:指代先行词是物（做从句的主语或宾语） That is the book which I want.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (3)that: 指代先行词是人或物（做从句的主语或宾语） She is the girl who/that I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which/that stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (4)whom;指代先行词是人，但只用于从句是缺宾语的情况。 She is the girl who/whom I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man whom teaches us English.(从句缺主语,本句用whom是错误的) (5)whose:指代从句中缺定语的情况（表示所属关系） That is the building whose windows broke last night.(本句中的windows是属于 the building构成一种所属关系即缺少building’s) 2.关系副词：when;where;why(该三个词主要用于从句是不缺主语或是宾语的情况 即从句是个完整句) (1) when:指代先行词表时间如：time；month;year;occasion等(形式上等于介词 +which) I still remember the day when /on which I came to Beijing.(该从句是一个完整的句子，先行词是the day在从句中需要加个介词on来做状语的成分即I came to Beijing on the day) (2)where :指代先行词是地点的词如：place;house;school;也可以是模糊的词如：point;stage;work;situation等(形式上等于介词+which) That is the place where/in which I was born .(该从句I was born也是一个完整句，即不缺主语或宾语的，此时where可以换成in which) (3)why:指代先行词是表原因的词即：reason（形式上只能是等于for+which) That is the reason why/for which he was late for school.
高考英语专题定语从句知识点单元汇编 一、选择题 1．You were really between a rock and a hard place ______ you had to choose between your career and your relationship. A．when B．where C．before D．until 2．She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ________ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A．which B．where C．what D．who 3．Though it is 30 years_______we last met, I still remember the scene_______we got separated on a rainy day. A．before; where B．before; which C．since; when D．since; where 4．Such a film ___________ was shown in the cinema yesterday is not suitable for children. A．as B．that C．which D．/ 5．Optimism is the essential ingredient of top performers,__________we assume separates the high achievers from the rest. A．as B．who C．which D．that 6．John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members. A．them B．that C．which D．whom 7．My brother bought a telescope, ______ he could study the star in the night sky. A．of which B．through which C．in which D．on which 8．Companies should understand the risks _______ they are exposed and monitor their control environments adequately. A．on which B．in which C．to which D．with which 9．Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to buy it. A．neither of them B．both of them C．none of whom D．neither of whom 10．Sales director is a position _______ communication ability is just as important as sales. A．which B．that C．when D．where 11．She brought with her three friends，none of ________ I had ever met before. A．them B．who C．whom D．these 12．China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. A．who B．whom C．that D．which 13．The Molalla High School has a wall of Post-it notes ________ students write kind messages for kids to take when they have a bad day. A．that B．which C．when D．where 14．_______ is known to all, grammar is not a set of dead rules. A．That B．Which C．As D．It 15．The art festival is an annual event ______ the students can show off their talents.
高考英语专题定语从句知识点难题汇编及答案 一、选择题 1．Car races are recorded and uploaded to YouTube and other video platforms, ______________ they can be viewed repeatedly. A．which B．where C．when D．there 2．China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. A．who B．whom C．that D．which 3．Such a film ___________ was shown in the cinema yesterday is not suitable for children. A．as B．that C．which D．/ 4．Search engines search the Internet based on the key words you type in, and choose such web pages for you ________ contain the words you ask for. A．where B．who C．which D．as 5．The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected A．whose B．that C．who D．which 6．They overcame some difficulties and completed the work ahead of time, ________ was something we had not expected. A．that B．which C．it D．what 7．My brother bought a telescope, ______ he could study the star in the night sky. A．of which B．through which C．in which D．on which 8．Companies should understand the risks _______ they are exposed and monitor their control environments adequately. A．on which B．in which C．to which D．with which 9．She brought with her three friends，none of ________ I had ever met before. A．them B．who C．whom D．these 10．We came to a place ______ they had never paid a visit before. A．in which B．to which C．what D．which 11．In China, “mythical creatures” is used to describe troublesome schoolchildren ________ behaviors drive their parents crazy. A．whose B．when C．who D．of whom 12．Try to be a responsible school by not allowing anyone to attend class, ________ has had a fever. A．who B．which C．as D．that 13．You were really between a rock and a hard place ______ you had to choose between your career and your relationship. A．when B．where C．before D．until 14．I'm glad to introduce Mr.Smith to you,without______my experiment would have ended in failure.