并列句和复合句
一、并列句。
并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句并列在一起构成。常见的并列句的结构是：简单句+并列连接词+简单句，这种简单句常被叫做分句。并列连词前可以用逗号，也可以不用逗号。常用的连接词如下：also, and, but, either…or…, however, not only…but also, or, or else, so, still, yet, neither…nor…等。
他学习努力并通过了考试。
Let’s hurry, or we’ll be late.
咱们赶紧点，要不就迟到了。
I have been to Beijing many times, but my parents have never been there.
我去过北京多次，但我父母从没去过。
These flowers are white, and those flowers are red.
这些花是白色的而那些花是红色的。
I am a worker, but my brother is a professor.
我是一个工人，但是我的兄弟是个教授。
注：当when作“就在这时（and just then）”解时，其引导的分句也是并列句。
Eg：I was wandering through the streets when I caught sight of a shop for
clothes.
我正在街上徘徊，就在这时，我突然看见了一家服装店。
二、复合句。
复合句是由两个或两个以上的简单句用某种连接方式连在一起的句子。在句子中作某一个成分的句子叫作从句。
1.从句由连接词引导。
2.从句尽管有主谓结构，但不能单独成为一个句子。在句中，从句
仅担任某个成分。根据所担任的成分，从句可分为名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句）、定语从句和状语从句。
Eg：What he said is not true.
他说的不是实话。
I know it’s difficult to master English well.
我知道学好英语不容易。
The question is whether he will join us next time.
问题是下次他是否跟我们一起干。
The idea that Iraq could be taken within a week or two was an underestimation.
伊拉克在一两周内就可以被攻占的这一想法是估计不足（的想法）。
Do you know the man who is in the car?
你认识坐在汽车里的那个人吗？
I’ll let you know as soon as he comes back.
他一回来我就告诉你。
例题：______she couldn’t understand was___fewer and fewer showed their interest in her lessons.
A. What; why
B. That; what
C. What; because
D. Why; what
三、名词性从句。
名词性从句是指在句子中起名词作用的各种词性。按其在句子中的功用，名词性从句可分为4大类：
（1）主语从句------------在复合句中作主语
（2）表语从句------------在复合句中作表语
（3）宾语从句------------在复合句中作宾语
（4）同位语从句--------在复合句中作一名词的同位语。
常用的从属连词有：
that, who, whom, whether, if, what, whose, which, when, where, how, why等。
Eg: What they are doing seems very important.
他们要做的似乎很重要。（主语从句）
My hope is that he will be the best student in my class.
我的愿望是他成为我班最好的学生。（表语从句）
Do you know who he is?
你知道他是谁吗？（宾语从句）
I don’t like the idea that money is everything.
金钱就是一切，这个观点我不喜欢。
例题：It is pretty well understood______controls the flow of carbon dioxide I and out the atmosphere today.
A. that
B. when
C. what
D. how
1. 主语从句。
在句中起主语作用的句子叫作主语从句。引导主语从句的词有：that, who, whether, if, what, which, whose, when, where, how, why等。主语从句常出现在下面3中结构中。
（1）主语从句+谓语。
Eg：That she will come to our party is certain.
她来参加我们的晚会是肯定的。
Who cleaned the blackboard is not known yet.
谁擦的黑板还不知道。
That he’ll come to see us is really great.
他来看我们真是太好了。
（2）It+be+形容词（名词词组、过去分词）+that从句。
Eg：It is quite clear that the elephant’s ear is like a huge fan.
大象的耳朵像把大扇子，这一点很清楚。
It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.
鲸不是鱼，这时常识。
It is said that our school will be rebuilt.
据说我校将要重建。
It’s very good that he has passes the exam.
他通过了考试太好了。
在这种结构中，that引导的从句后置。而使用it作形式主语，它也可以与前面讲到的结构换用。用于该结构的形容词很多，常见的有：obvious, clear, likely, true, certain…该结构中，如果使用了某些形容词、名词词组、过去分词，后面的主语从句要使用虚拟语气。
Eg：It is my suggestion that everybody (should) be there by six o’clock.
大家都在六点前到那里，这是我的建议。
（3）It+seem(happen等不及物东刺激)+that从句。
Eg: It seems that Mary is not coming at all.
好像玛丽根本不会来了。
用于该结构的不及物动词有：seem, happen, appear, matter…该结构有的可以用不定式结构转换。如上面句子可转换为：
Mary doesn’t seem to be coming at all.
例句：I read about it in some book. Does it matter______it was?
A. where
B. what
C. how
D. which
2. 表语从句。
在句子中其表语作用的句子叫做表语从句，表语从句放在系动词的后面。表语从句的顺序也是陈述句的顺序，只是它们引导的从句在复合句中的位置发生了变化，放在了表语的位置上，通常跟在系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有：
if, whether, what, which, when, where, how, why, as if/as though等。
Eg: That is why I am late.
这就是我迟到的原因。
The truth is that he is the thief.
事实上他就是小偷。
The problem is that they are short of money.
问题是，他们缺钱。
The question is whether it is worth reading.
问题是它是否值得一读。
They are just what I want.
它们就是我要的东西。
That’s why they were late.
那就是他们迟到的原因。
例题：--I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
--Is that______you had a few days off.
A. why
B. when
C. what
D. where
3. 宾语从句。
在句中起宾语作用的句子叫做宾语从句，宾语从句放在及物动词或介词之后作了宾语。引导宾语从句的连词有：that, if, whether, what, which, when, where, how, why等，各自的意义不变。宾语从句的语序仍然用陈述语序。
Eg：I don’t expect that he had broken the glass.
我没有想到他把玻璃打碎了。
Can you tell me how many students there are in your class?
你能告诉我你们班有多少学生吗？
Please tell me who is your teacher.
请告诉我谁是你的老师。
I don’t know why he is absent.
我不知道为什么他不在。
I worried about whether I hurt her feelings.
我担心是不是我伤了她的感情。
We quite agree with what you said.
我们非常同意你说的话。
例题：1. –Do you remember______he came?
--Yes, I do. He came by car.
A. how
B. when
C. that
D. it
2. A computer can only do_____you have instructed it to do.
A．how B. what C. after D.when
3. The way he did it was different______we were used to.
A. in which
B. in what
C. from what
D.from which
4. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for______he thought was
not enough.
A. where
B. how
C. what
D. which
4. 同位语从句。
用连词that，whether以及连接代词who, which, what和连接副词how,
when, where, why等来引导从句作同位语。称为同位语从句。在同位语从句中that虽不作句子成分，且无意义，但一般不可省略，同位语从句常对一些抽象名词做进一步解释和说明，这些常见的名词有：idea, fact, news, hope, proposal, suggestion, belief, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等。
Eg：The possibility that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.
人们经常讨论大多数劳动者将会在家里工作的可能性。
We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.
我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题。
The question who should go abroad requires consideration.
谁出国这个问题还需要考虑。
I have no idea when she will come back.
我不知道她什么时候回来。
Word came that he had been abroad.
据说他已经出国了。
注：came是主句的谓语，插在主句word和同位语从句之间。通常，同位语从句紧接在与它同位的名词后面的，但当主句的谓语比较短时，为了防止头重脚轻，同位语从句可以和它同位的名词隔开。Eg：The thought came to her that some strange things would happen.
她觉得某种奇怪的事情要发生。
在advice, order, request, suggestion等名词后的同位语从句中，谓
语动词常用（should）+动词原形。
Eg：The professor gave us some advice how we (should) use the computer.
教授给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。
例题：Word came_____I was wanted at the office.
A. which
B. why
C. that
D. whether
四、名词性从句的用法。
1. 名词性从句要用陈述语气。
Eg：Whether she will come doesn’t matter too much.
她是否来不太要紧。
This is where you are wrong.
这就是你的错误所在。
主语从句可以用it 作形式主语，将主语从句后置，以示强调或使句子平衡。有以下一些固定的结构。
2. It is+形容词（clear, important, possible, necessary, strange, unnecessary…）表示“…很清楚，很重要，很可能，很有必要，很奇怪，不必，等”。
Eg: It is certain that China will develop fast with the open-up policy.
可以肯定，中国有了开放的政策，会发展的很快。
It is strange that he should have passed the exam.
很奇怪，他倒是考试及格了。
It is important that we young people(should)learn English and master it.
年轻人学习并掌握英语是很重要的。
3. It is+名词（a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, one’s duty, an honor, a shame, no easy job, a fact, good news, a good thing等）…表示“很高兴，很可惜，高兴的事是，某人有责任，很荣幸，可惜的是，很难的事是，事实上，好消息是，好事是…”。
Eg：It is a sheer waste of time that we read that kind of trash.
我们阅读那样的垃圾（图书）全然是浪费时间。
It is a pity that they have to go without her.
很可惜他们不能带上她就得走了。
4. It is+过去分词（well-known, said, reported, recorded, noted, estimated, thought, believed等）…表示“众所周知，据说，据报道，据记载，应当记住，据估计，有人认为，人们相信…”。
It must be pointed out that…需要指出…
It has been found that…已经发现…
It turns out/follows that…结果是/因此…
It has been proved that…已证明…
It can be seen that…可以看出…
It seems/happens/chances…似乎/碰巧…
Eg：It happened that I was out when they came to see me yesterday evening.
他们昨晚来看我时，我碰巧出去了。
It was announced that the Prime Minister would speak on television
that evening.
据通告，首相将于当晚发表电视讲话。
It’s generally accepted that smoking causes dad health.
一般认为吸烟有害健康。
例题：1. It is generally believed that teaching is______it is a science.
A. an art much as
B. much an art as
C. as an art much as
D. as much an art as
2. ______in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.
A. What is required
B. What requires
C. It is required
D. It requires.
5. 用whoever或whatever引导的主语从句一般不后置，也不用替代词it。
Eg：Whoever wants a ticket for the play may have one.
谁想要戏票可以拿一张。
Whatever you say will not change anything of our plan.
不管你说什么都不会改变我们的计划。
I’ll say whatever comes to my mind.
我会想到什么酒说什么的。
例题：______breaks the traffic rules is sure to be fined.
A. No matter who
B. Whoever
C. Anyone
D. Who
6. 带有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第二个或以后的宾语从句的连词不可省略。
Eg：He said (that) he had finished his homework and that he would start reading a novel.
他说他的作业已经完成，就要开始看小说。
7. 在“形容词+名词性从句”的结构中，为形容词表示情感、心理活动或确信的意义时，后面的从句被看作是宾语从句。这些形容词有：afraid, sure, glad, happy, pleased, surprised, worried等。
Eg：I’m afraid that you have made a mistake.
恐怕你犯了一个错误。
We are certain we will do well in English writing.
我们确信我们能学好英语写作。
I’m happy that you came to me the other day.
很高兴你那天来看我。
8. if作“是否”解释时，只用于动词后面引导宾语从句，其它名词性从句用whether来引导，表示“是否”。
Eg：I don’t know if/whether he will come or not.
我不知道他是否会来。
Whether their school will have to be moved (or not) is undecided yet.
他们的学校是否要搬迁还没有决定。
9. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，须用it作形式宾语，将宾语从
句后置。
Eg：I’m afraid that I have to make it clear that it’s totally up to you yourselves to decide whether or not you will go to the South Lake this weekend.
恐怕我得讲清楚这一点，本周末去不去南湖完全由你们自己决定。
10. 介词后面的宾语从句一般不用that来引导。英语里能接用that引导的宾语从句的介词很少，主要有：except(除了)，but(除了)，save(除…之外)，besides(除了)，in(在…方面)。
Eg：It depends on whether they will go or not.
这要看他们是否会去。
I found nothing wrong in what he said.
我发现他说的没错。
They were worried about where they cam borrow that much money.
他们为到哪里能借到那么多钱而感到担心。
I know nothing about Norwegian except that it is similar to Danish and Swedish.
除了知道挪威语与丹麦语和瑞典语很相似之外，我对它一点也不了解。
Criticism is necessary in that it helps correct our mistakes.
从批评有助于改正我们的缺点这个意义上讲，它是有必要的。例题：The suit fitted him well______the color was a little brighter.
A. except for
B. except that
C. except when
D. besides
11. 连词that和what的用法比较。
（1）that可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导定语从句，而what则只能引导名词性从句，却不可以引导定语从句。That在名词性从句中不作句子成分，只起到一种“标识”作用，告诉你后面是一个从句，而what在名词性从句中一定作句子的某个成分，即主语、宾语或表语。Eg：That he will come is certain.
他来是肯定的。（that不作句子成分。）
What he said just now is very important.
他刚才说的话很重要。（what作said的宾语。）
（2）what可以解释为the thing(s) that, 即“…的东西/事情”，而that 没有实际的意义，只是其一种语法作用。
Eg：What he lost was his newly bought pen.
他丢的（东西）是他新买的钢笔。（what=the thing that）
What he said at the meeting is important.
=The thing that he said at the meeting is important.
他在会上所说的事情是重要的。（what在从句中作宾语，不能省略；从句为陈述语序，不能用疑问句语序。）
（3）what引导的从句可以用作介词宾语，而that引导的从句一般不可以。what可以跟不定式，而that不可以。
Eg：I don’t know what to do next.
我不知道下一步该做什么。
五、定语从句。
在复合句中，用来说明主句某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中的一部分）而起的定语作用的句子叫做定语从句，它相当于一个形容词，放在被修饰的名词后面。被定语从句修饰的名词、代词或句子叫做“先行词”，引导定语从句的连词叫做“关系代词”或“关系副词”。关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
1.先行词。
定语从句先行词分3类：（1）代表人（person）
（2）代表物（thing）
（3）代表全句
an IBM laptop.
他在哥本哈根机场丢失的电脑是台IBM手提电脑。
不到长城非好汉。
made her teacher very angry.
珍妮一周内迟到三次，这使她的老师很生气。
beginning stage of reconstruction.
朝鲜战争于1950年爆发，当时中国刚刚开始重建。
2.关系代词和关系副词。
引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词，代替先行词在定语从句中充当成分。
关系代词引导定语从句，关系代词在从句里作主语，宾语，定语。关系副词引导定语从句，关系副词在从局里作状语。
1)关系代词------主语（who, which, that）
Eg: (1)An architect is a person who/that designs houses and buildings.
建筑师是设计房屋的人。
(2)The supermarket which/that was opened three years ago is called Dongxing Plaza.
三年前开张的超市叫东兴广场。
(3)The first two must be equal for all who/that are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made.
如果要从智力方面进行任何的比较的话，那么对所有被比较者来说，前两个因素必须是一样的。
2)关系代词------宾语（who, whom, which, that）
Eg: (1) The suit which/that the tailor made for me doesn’t fit me.
裁缝为我做的那套衣服不合我的身材。
(2) In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在黑暗的大街上，没有一个她可以寻求帮助的人。
例题：--Why does she always ask you for help?
--There is no one else______, is there?
A.who to turn to
B.she can turn to
C.for whom to turn
D.for her to turn
3)关系代词------定语（whose）
Eg：(1)The girl whose English is very good won the first place in the 100-metre race.
那个英语很棒的女孩在100米赛跑中得了第一名。
(2) The house whose roof needs repairing is only three years old.
屋顶需要修理的那座房子只有三年的时间。
(3)Perhaps light is some sort of electric wave, whose nature we do not yet understand.
也许光是某种电波，其性质我们尚不清楚。
注：当whose的先行词指物时，可以用’the+n+of+which’.
Eg: (1)He studies in a school whose building are built on top of a hill.
(2)He studies in a school the buildings of which are built on top of a hill.
他就读的学校的房子都建在山顶上。
例题：George Orwell, ______was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
A.the real name
B.what his real name
C.his real name
D.whose real name
4)关系副词------状语（when, where, why）
Eg: (1)He came to Hangzhou during the week when I was out.
他在我出生的那个礼拜来杭州了。
(2)The restaurant where we stayed when we were in Pairs was almost destroyed in a fire.
我们在巴黎住的饭店在一场大火中几乎被毁了。
(3)Could you please give me a reason why you left us without a word?
请给我一个你当时不辞而别的理由好吗？
例题：--Is that the small town you often refer to?
--Right, just the one______you know I used to work for years.
A.that
B.which
C.where
D.what
5)在定语从句中通常是用the way+in which或that作方式状语，且口语中的in which或that常可省略。
Eg：This is the way (in which/that) he worked out the problem.
这就是他解决问题的方法。
6)介词后面跟关系代词引导英语从句时，只能用whom, which或whose, 并且不能省略关系代词。
Eg：(1)The woman with whom you shook hands just now is head of the company.
The woman (who/whom/that)you shook hands with just now is head of the company.
刚才和你握手的那个女人是公司的老板。
(2)This is the car to which I referred in my talk.
This is the car (that/which) I referred to in my talk.
这就是我讲话中提到的那辆车。
(3)Do you happen to know Mr Pattis, in whose department I’m working?
Do you happen to know Mr Pattis, whose department I’m working in?
你是不是正好认识Pattis先生？我在他的部门工作。
3.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性定语从句两种。
限制性定语从句：是先行词不可或缺的部分，去掉它后主语意思往往不明确，不完整。
非限制性定语从句：是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
Eg：This is the house which we bought last month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的。
例题：1. I have bought two pens, ______writes well.
A.none of which
B.neither of which
C.both of which
D.all of that
2.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80%______are sold abroad.
A.of which
B.which of
C.of them
D.of that
2) 当先行词是专有名词或由物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
Eg：(1)Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理-史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
(2)This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
(3)In Sydney Olympic Games the Chinese team got 28 gold medals, 16.5 of which were won by women.
在悉尼奥运会上，中国对获得了28枚金牌，其中16.5枚是女子夺得的。
3)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其整个句子表达的意思进行修饰，这时从句的谓语动词要用第三人称单数。关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
Eg：(1)He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没明白我的意思，这使我很心烦。
(2)Mike, as we expected, attended the meeting.
像我们所期望的那样，麦克参加了会议。
(3)Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
4.关系代词和关系副词的用法。
只用which不用that的情况。
1)引导非限制性定语从句。
Eg：(1)Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.
竹子是空心的，这使它很轻。
(2)The dam, which is the biggest in the world, is 3,830 metres long.
这个大坝长3830米，是世界上最大的坝。
例题：Helen was much kinder to her youngest son that the others, ______,
高中英语简单句并列句复合句练习题 选择填空：1. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer，___ A. do I B. don’t I C. will they D. won’t they 2. ___help if you can，and our country will improve more quickly and better. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give 3. —— Lucy，you wash the dishes，___ —— Mom，can’t Lily do it It’s her turn to do it. A. don’t you B. can you C. shall you D. will you 4. —— I will not take an umbrella with me today. — _____it rains later on in the day A. How B. What C. How about D. What if 5. —— You ought to stay up late tonight，____ you ——Yes. I’ve got too much homework. A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. won’t 6. Nothing can stop us from serving the people heart and soul，____ A. can it B. can’t it C. can they D. can’t they 7. There used to be a church in the small town，_____ A. used there B. usedn’t there C. used it D. usedn’t it 8. ——She isn’t your neighbour，is she —— _______. A. Yes，she isn’t B. No，she is C. Yes，she is D. No，isn’t she 9. —— ______ to be a PLA soldier when I was young. —— And now you are. A. How I wanted B. How did I want C. What I wanted D. What did I want 10. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase，____was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of that 11. After ten years，she changed a lot and looked different from___she used to be. A. that B. whom C. what D. who 12. ____is known to everyone，the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 13. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation___he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why 14. Information has been put forward___ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
并列句和复合句 一、并列句。 并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句并列在一起构成。常见的并列句的结构是：简单句+并列连接词+简单句，这种简单句常被叫做分句。并列连词前可以用逗号，也可以不用逗号。常用的连接词如下：also, and, but, either…or…, however, not only…but also, or, or else, so, still, yet, neither…nor…等。 他学习努力并通过了考试。 Let’s hurry, or we’ll be late. 咱们赶紧点，要不就迟到了。 I have been to Beijing many times, but my parents have never been there. 我去过北京多次，但我父母从没去过。 These flowers are white, and those flowers are red. 这些花是白色的而那些花是红色的。 I am a worker, but my brother is a professor. 我是一个工人，但是我的兄弟是个教授。 注：当when作“就在这时（and just then）”解时，其引导的分句也是并列句。 Eg：I was wandering through the streets when I caught sight of a shop for
clothes. 我正在街上徘徊，就在这时，我突然看见了一家服装店。 二、复合句。 复合句是由两个或两个以上的简单句用某种连接方式连在一起的句子。在句子中作某一个成分的句子叫作从句。 1.从句由连接词引导。 2.从句尽管有主谓结构，但不能单独成为一个句子。在句中，从句 仅担任某个成分。根据所担任的成分，从句可分为名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句）、定语从句和状语从句。 Eg：What he said is not true. 他说的不是实话。 I know it’s difficult to master English well. 我知道学好英语不容易。 The question is whether he will join us next time. 问题是下次他是否跟我们一起干。 The idea that Iraq could be taken within a week or two was an underestimation. 伊拉克在一两周内就可以被攻占的这一想法是估计不足（的想法）。 Do you know the man who is in the car? 你认识坐在汽车里的那个人吗？
名师手记之：英语篇（简单句、并列句和复合句） 1.简单句、并列句和复合句 ① 句子种类两种分类法 按照句子的用途，英语的句子可分：陈述句(肯定、否定)、疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意)、祈使句、感叹句等四种。 按照句子的结构可分：简单句并列句和复合句三种。 简单句只有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语。并列句由并列连词and, but, or，so等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。复合句：含有一个或一个 以上从句的句子。复合句包含：状语从句\名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)和定语从句等三种。 ② 并列句的分类 并列句指把两个同等重要的句子连接在一起，句子之间常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等并列连词连接。 表示选择关系常用的连词有：or, either…or…, otherwise等 表示转折关系常用的连词有：but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 表示因果关系常用的连词有：so, for, therefore等。 2.状语从句： (1)状语从句的分类 状语从句通常修饰主句的动词或整个句子，由从属连词引导，从属连词在从句中不充当句子成分。根据状语从句所表达的不同意义和功能，可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较、方式等状语从句。 (2)连接状语从句的词语 时间状语从句：when, whenever每当……，after, before, as, as soon as, hardly/ scarcely...when..., no sooner...than.。.一……就……，while, till, until, since,
专题十四并列句、复合句和连词 1.(2017山东潍坊中考)—Boy, your head teacher has set up a WeChat group. Could you tell me? —OK, I’ll teach you.It’s so easy. A.how I join it B.why he sets it up C.what it is used for D.when it was set up 答案A句意:——儿子,你的校长建立了一个微信群。你能告诉我怎样加入吗?——好的,我来教你。那非常简单。本题考查宾语从句。根据句意可知选A。 2.(2017吉林中考)—Andy, I wonder the new sports clothes. —Of course by credit card. A.what you paid for B.how you paid for C.why you paid for 答案B句意:——Andy,我想知道你是怎么支付新运动衣的。——当然是通过信用卡。本题考查宾语从句。根据答语中的by可知应用提问方式的疑问词how,故选B项。 3.(2017吉林长春中考)—I want to know more about Hong Kong. Can you tell me ? —In 1997. A.when did it return to China B.when it returned to China C.when does it return to China D.when it returns to China 答案B句意:——我想更多地了解香港。你能告诉我它是什么时候回归中国的吗?——在1997年。根据句型结构可判断,本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述句语序,A、C两项排除,根据“In 1997.”,可排除D选项,故选B。 4.(2016广西南宁中考)—Could you please tell me? —At 8:00 pm. A.when will the train leave B.when the train will leave C.where the train will go D.where will the train go 答案B句意:——你能告诉我火车什么时候离开吗?——晚上八点。本题考查宾语从句。根据答语排除C和D。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,故选B。 5.(2016天津中考)—Could you tell me you’ll go to Paris? —Next month. A.why B.where C.when D.how 答案C句意:——你能告诉我你将什么时候去巴黎吗?——下个月。本题考查宾语从句的连接词。why 为什么;where 在哪儿;when 什么时候;how 如何。根据回答可知选C项。 1
2009年高考名师手记之：英语篇（简单句、并列句和复合句） 一。考纲要求 考试大纲要求考生能正确判断句子的类型、分析句子结构、结合语境和句意选择适当的连接词语、判断主语和从句的正确语序、恰当选择主句和从句谓语动词的时态。 二。命题导向 高考对简单句、并列句和复合句的考查主要包括：句子的结构、连词的选择、从句与主句的谓语动词的时态、主语和从句的语序、一些习惯用语和特殊的句式应用。 三。复习要点 1.简单句、并列句和复合句 ① 句子种类两种分类法 按照句子的用途，英语的句子可分：陈述句(肯定、否定)、疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意)、祈使句、感叹句等四种。 按照句子的结构可分：简单句并列句和复合句三种。 简单句只有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语。并列句由并列连词and, but, or，so等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。复合句：含有一个或一个 以上从句的句子。复合句包含：状语从句\名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)和定语从句等三种。 ② 并列句的分类 并列句指把两个同等重要的句子连接在一起，句子之间常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等并列连词连接。 表示选择关系常用的连词有：or, either…or…, otherwise等 表示转折关系常用的连词有：but, still, however, yet, while, when等。
表示因果关系常用的连词有：so, for, therefore等。 2.状语从句： (1)状语从句的分类 状语从句通常修饰主句的动词或整个句子，由从属连词引导，从属连词在从句中不充当句子成分。根据状语从句所表达的不同意义和功能，可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较、方式等状语从句。 (2)连接状语从句的词语 时间状语从句：when, whenever每当……，after, before, as, as soon as, hardly/ scarcely...when..., no sooner...than.。.一……就……，while, till, until, since, once。名词词组the first time第一次，last time最后一次，every/each time每次，the next time下次，the next day第二天， the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 一……就……;副词immediately, instantly, directly等也可作连词使用。 原因状语从句：because, since, as, now that。 地点状语从句：where，wherever(无论那里)。 让步状语从句： no matter who/whom/what/which/how/when/where, though, although, as, even if /even though, whatever, whoever, however, wherever, whenever等。 条件状语从句： if, unless, as/so long as(如果;只要)，in case (万一); on condition that(如果)， suppose, supposing, providing, provide。 目的状语从句：in order that (为了)，so that (以便)。 比较状语从句：(not) as/so…as…，than…, the more…the more…(越……越……) 引导。 方式状语从句：as(正如;按照)，as if/as though (好像)引导。 结果状语从句： so that (结果是)，so/such…that (如此……以至于)。 (3)从句中的语序 复合句中通常采用陈述语序。但是，在下面的几种情况下，状语从句多采用倒装语序：
并列复合句 1. 并列复合句的定义：由并列连词and, but, or等把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。 2. 并列复合句的构成： 并列复合句的基本结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句 例如：I help him and he helps me. You must put on your coat, or you’ll have a bad cold in such a cold day. 3.常用的并列连词： 一、表示转折对比关系的并列连词 1. but但是，可是，而，却 连接两个简单句，有时句中某些词可以省略；连接两个并列成分，可以放在 一个句子的句首，后面不接逗号。 例：I hope you don't mind me asking ，but where did you buy those shoes ？ 2. yet但是；尽管如此 可连接两个句子，用逗号分开，也可在yet 前加and ，还可以放在一个句子 的句首。 例：The car is old，yet it is in good condition. 这辆车旧了，但车 况很好。 3. while而，但是，可是，却 while 作连词用时，可表示对比或转折关系。 例：I do every single bit of housework while my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. 二、表示因果关系的并列连词 1. for因为 由并列连词for 引导的分句常置于句子后部，而且常用逗号与前面的分句隔 开。for 分句主要是对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因。for 分句不能用来回
初中英语分类练习 ——并列复合句与状语从句 并列句专练 Ⅰ. 从方框中选择适当的词完成句子。 1.They are happy _______ they deserved their happiness. 2.Hurry _______ you will miss the plane. 3.I like chocolate, _______ it is bad for teeth. 4.I wanted to know the answer, _______ I went to ask him. 5.He had a drink, _______ went to bed. Ⅱ. 选择填空： ( )1. Be careful, _________ you will fall off the bike. A. but B. and C. so D. or ( )2. Edison said, “Never give up, _________ you'll make it.” A. yet B. or C. and D. but ( )3. Lucy and Lily are twins. Lucy likes playing table tennis, _________ Lily doesn't. A. or B. but C. and D. yet ( )4. Mr. Green knows little German, _________ he can't understand the instructions on the bottle of the pills. A. but B. so C. for D. or ( )5. My aunt doesn't have much money, _________ she always enjoys himself. A. but B. and C. or D. so ( )6. Which is nearer to us, the sun _______ the moon? A. but B. and C. or D. so ( )7. I can’t understand this passage _______ there are no new words in it. A. if B. because C. though D. an ( )8. The computer cost me too much, _______ it’s really useful. A. so B. but C. and D. or ( )9. There is air _______ water on the moon. A. and B. or C. so D. yet ( )10. It’s getting dark, _______they’re still working. A. and B. but C. so D. or ( )11. The street was wet, _______ it rained last night. A. because B. as C. for D. since ( )12. Rose is an English girl, ______ she doesn’t like English food. A. yet B. so C. for D. and ( )13. That was our first lesson, _______ she didn’t know all our names. A. for B. but C. so D. or ( )14. _______ did she go to see her father, ______ did she want her father to come.
英语简单句、并列句、复合句解析 简单句、并列句和复合句 考点一简单句 1. 简单句只包含一个主谓结构. 2. 五种简单句: 1) 主+谓. He comes at last. 2) 主+系+表. She is a teacher. The soup tastes nice. 3) 主+谓+宾. They reached the village. 4) 主+谓+间宾+直宾.He gave me a pen. 5) 主+谓+宾+宾补.I find that book very useful. 考点二并列句 并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句，用连词连接起来。 常用的连接词有： 1. 表示顺承关系的：and, not only…but also（不仅….而且….）等。 She ______ gave us a lot of advice, _______helped us to overcome difficulties. Linda tried to become an excellentteacher, _____ at last she succeeded. 2. 表示选择关系和否定条件的有or（还是，否则） Do you want to leave now ____ would yourather set off later? Wear your coat, ____ you’ll catch a cold. 3. 表示转折关系的有but, yet等。 He is young, but he works hard.虽然他年轻，但工作努力。 4. 表示因果关系的有for, so 等。 My leg hurts so I go to see a doctor. 我的腿疼，因此我去看医生。 考点三主从复合句：宾语从句 1. 宾语从句的引导词 （1）引导陈述句用that(在口语和非正式文体中常常省略) He tells me (that ) he is going shopping thisSunday. (2) 引导一般疑问句用if或whether. She asked me if\ whether she could join us.(whether…or not) (3) 引导特殊疑问句，要用原来的特殊疑问词。 She asked them what they were doing. 2. 宾语从句的语序：要用陈述句语序。 I want to know when the train left. 3. 宾语从句的时态 （1）主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句，宾语从句可根据实际需要选用各种时态。He tells us that he has been able to lookafter himself. (2) 主句是过去时态，宾语从句应使用过去时的相应时态。 They said that they had already finished thework.
并列句和复合句 1. 熟练掌握宾语从句的构成和基本用法。 2. 掌握并列句的构成和用法。 3. 掌握状语从句的构成和用法。 4. 理解定语从句的构成和基本用法。 一、知识精讲 Ⅰ. 并列句 用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句叫做并列句。 （一）并列句的构成 其结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。 （二）常用的并列连词 1. 常见的用于连接两个简单句的并列连词有：and，but，or，so，for。词意用法 and 和； 并且 表示顺延或并列，如果两个分句都是肯定语气，用and连接。 or 否则； 或者 表示选择，如果两个分句的语气为一个肯定，一个否定，则应用 or连接。 but 但是 表示转折，but与though / although不能同时用在一个句子中。 so 所以； 因此 表示结果，由so连接的并列句可转换成because引导的主从复合 句，两者不能同时用在一个句子中表示“因为……所以……”。 for 因为 表示原因，是对另一个分句的补充说明，但不能放在句子的开头。 2. 其他并列连词有：then，while，when，not only...but also..., neither...nor, either...or, as well as等。 Ⅱ. 复合句 复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。主句和从句都具有完整的主谓结构，主句是全句的主体，从句是主句中的一部分，不能独立存在。
根据从句在全句中的不同作用，从句可分为：宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。在这里重点讲解宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。 （一）宾语从句 1. 宾语从句的引导词 引导词用法例句 that 本身无意义(口语中可省去) 当宾语从句是陈 述句时 I really believe (that) Tom will help us. 我确实相信汤姆会帮助我们。 if/ whether...(or not) 是否当宾语从句是一 般疑问句时 I’m not sure if I’ll have time. 我不敢肯定我是否会有时间。 what, who, where, how, when, why, which, whose, whom等当宾语从句是特 殊疑问句时 Please tell me when you were born. 请告诉我你是何时出生的。 I’d like to know what you want best. 我想知道你最想要什么东西。 注意： whether和if引导宾语从句时，一般情况下可以互换，但在下列情况下须用whether，不能用if。 （1）具有选择意义，有or或or not时。 【例句】 We really don’t know whether the news is true or not. 我们真的不知道这消息是否是真的。 （2）在介词后接宾语从句或不定式时。 【例句】 We are talking about whether we’ll go back to our hometown. 我们正在讨论是否回老家去。 （3）作discuss等词的宾语时。 【例句】 We discussed whether we should close the shop. 我们讨论了是否应该把店关掉。 2. 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句无论是陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，一律用陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语”结构。句尾标点符号取决于主句。 【例句】
二、简单句、并列句和复合句 （一）句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种: 1）陈述句（肯定、否定）:He is six years old; She didn't hear of you before. 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）:Do they like skat in g? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she? 3）祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don't talk in class 4）感叹句:How clever the boy is! 2、按句子的结构可分三种: 1）简单句:只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2）并列句:由并列连词（and, but, or 等）或分号（;）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。 3）复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. （二）简单句的五种基本句型 1 主语+系动词+表语:e.g. He is a stude nt. 2、主语+不及物动词:e.g. We work. 3、主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语:e.g. He nry bought a dictio nary. 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）:e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）:e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 （三）并列句的分类 1表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only …but also …，neither …门o等连接hee.g. The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John. 2、表示选择,常用的连词有or, either …or …,othei等see.g. Hurry up, or you'll miss the train. 3、表示转折, 常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when 等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so, for, therefore 等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive
英语简单句、并列句、复合句及练习 一、简单句 1、概述 只有一个主语和一个谓语动词的句子称为简单句。 I am a student.我是一个学生。 She likes English very much.她非常喜欢英语。 He usually does morning exercises on the playground.他常常在操场上做早操。 2、简单句的基本句型 英语简单句可分为五种基本句型，其它的句子可看成是这几种基本句型的扩展、组合、倒装、省略。这五个基本句式：主谓结构（S + V）；主系表结构（S + V + P ）；主谓宾结构（S + V + O ）；主谓双宾结构（S + V + IO + DO）；主谓宾补结构（S + V + O + C） 说明：S=主语；V=谓语；P=表语；O=宾语；IO=间接宾语；DO=直接宾语；C=宾语补足语 （1）主谓结构（S + V） 在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi．)。 He runs quickly．他跑得快。 They listened carefully．他们听得很仔细。 He suffered from cold and hunger．他挨冻受饿。 China belongs to the third world country．中国属于第三世界国家。 The gas has given out．煤气用完了。 My ink has run out．我的钢笔水用完了。 Plants grow well all the year round.一年四季植物生长良好。 （2）主系表结构（S + V + P ） 在此句式中，V是系动词(link v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。 He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老。 He seems interested in the book他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。 The desk feels hard．书桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice．饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nice．花闻起来香甜。 You have grown taller than before．你长得比以前高了。 He has suddenly fallen ill．他突然病倒了。 He stood quite still．他静静地站着。 He becomes a teacher when he grew up．他长大后当了教师。 He could never turn traitor to his country．他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式。 He looked me up and down．他上下打量我。 He reached his hand to feel the elephant．他伸出手来摸象。 They are tasting the fish．他们在品尝鱼。
简单句：陈述句、感叹句、疑问句、祈使句 一、陈述句 陈述句用来陈述一件事情或者表达一种看法，有肯定和否定两种形式，句末通常 用句号，读降调。 1、肯定形式：主语+谓语+其他 The boy often helps others. 2、否定形式： (1)be的否定式：be用作系动词时：主语+be+not+表语+其他 She is not a teacher. be用作助动词时：主语+be+not+动词的现在分词或过去 分词+其他Jim isn’t playing football. (2)助动词、情态动词的否定 (3)除not外，其他否定词也可构成否定句：no、never、little、few、no one、nobody nothing、neither of....、seldom、too...to 二、感叹句 感叹句是用来表达人的特殊情感的句子。 1、what引导的感叹句 (1)What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+主语+谓语！What a beautiful girl she is! ~ (2)What+形容词+可数名词复数形式+主语+谓语！What important jobs they have done! (3)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！What sweet water it is! 2、how引导的感叹句 (1)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！How interesting the dog is! (2)How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+主语+谓语！How useful a subject it is! (3)How+主语+谓语！How time flies! 3、一些特殊形式
高中英语语法难点——并列句和主从复合句并列句基本概念： 并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。2、常见的并列句： (1) 用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and , not only…but also…, neither…nor…等,and 所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。(2) 表示在两者之间选择一个, 常用的连接词有or,otherwise,or else,either…or…等,前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。(3) 表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折, 常用的连接词有but,yet,still ,however等,前后分句时态一致。(4) 说明原因, 用连接词for ,前后分句时态一致。(5) 表示结果,用连接词so, 前后分句时态一致。 主从复合句 1、概念： 主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。如：While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.(爷爷奶奶们很爱孩子,同时对他们也严格要求。) / It seemed as if the meeting would never end.(看起来会议没完没了。) / Hurry up, or (else) you’ll be late.(快点, 要不然就来不及了。) / However I cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them.(不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋,小孩还是不肯吃。) 2、分类： 从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。(参见以下各条) 3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法： (1) 表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever. (2) 宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。①基本形式：(主句＋)连词+从句主语+从句谓语+... ②关于宾语从句连词的选择：若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略; 若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether; 若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等) 例如：They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster. (我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? ) ③宾语从句的时态问题：如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时；如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如：I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。) ④下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待：be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如：I’m sorry I’m late. (对不起,我迟到了。) / I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。) (3) 状语从句：在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等
语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句 一、句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） （五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）