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译林英语 小升初-英语总复习资料(全)

译林英语 小升初-英语总复习资料(全)
译林英语 小升初-英语总复习资料(全)

目录

第一讲元音 (2)

第二讲辅音 (15)

第三讲代词 ................................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。第四讲名词 . (37)

第五讲数词 (46)

第六讲一般现在时(一) (53)

第七讲一般现在时(二) (59)

第八讲现在进行时 (66)

第九讲句型转换 (71)

第十讲初级写作 (81)

学大教育新初一暑期课程综合测试 (87)

词汇分类附录 (92)

第一节音标概述及长元音

分类一:

单元音(12个):

元音

长元音:[i:][ɑ:][?:][u:][?:]

短元音:[?][e][?][?][?][?][?]

双元音(8个):[a?][e?][??][??][??][a?][e?][??]

辅音

清辅音(11个):[p][t][k][f][s][θ][?][ts][t?][tr][h]

浊辅音(15个):[b][d][g][v][z][e][?][dz][d?][dr][l][r][m][n][?] 半元音(2个):[w][j]

分类二:

元音:

前元音:[i:][?][e][?]

中元音:[?][?][?:]

后元音:[ɑ:][?][?:][?][u:]

双元音:[e?][a?][??][a?][??][??][e?][??]

辅音:

爆破音:/b/ /p/ /ɡ/ /k/ /d/ /t/

半元音:/W/ /j/ 因为这几个音标中有/?/的音。

摩擦音:/f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /e/ /h/ /r/

破擦音:/?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /dr/ /tr/

本次学习我们将元音按照第一种分类方法来学习,辅音将按两种分法结合来学习。

【知识梳理】

长元音:/ɑ:/,/?:/,/?:/,/i:/,/u:/

/ɑ:/

1. 发音要领:/ɑ:/为长元音,舌端离开下齿,舌后部略抬高,口张开,开口最大,唇形自然略成圆形。

发音诀窍:类似发汉语“啊”,尽量张大嘴,比“啊”张嘴幅度大很多,然后发声即可

2. 单词举例

辅音+元音:/k/+/ /ɑ:/=/kɑ:/ (car 小汽车)

元音+辅音:/ɑ:/+/k/= /ɑ:k/ (Ark 方舟)

辅音+元音+辅音:/h/+ /ɑ:/+/t/=/ hɑ:t/ (heart 心脏)

3.规则总结

ar: start,far, card

a: pass, answer

al: half

er: clerk

/?:/

1.发音要领:/?:/为长元音;舌端离开下齿,舌后部抬高,唇形较圆,向前突出。

发音诀窍:类似发汉语的“喔”,园唇突出,舌头自然垂放,想公鸡一样,震动声带发出“喔”声即可。

2. 单词举例:

辅音+元音:/f/+/ ?:/=/f ?:/ (four 四)

元音+辅音:/ ?:/+/t/ =/?:t/ (ought 应该)

辅音+元音+辅音:/b/+/ ?:/+/d/=/b?:d/ (board 板)

3.规则总结

or: horse, short

ou: thought, bought

a: water, always

al: walk

au: caught

aw: law, dawn

ore: more, before

/?:/

1.发音要领:/?:/为长元音,舌端离开下齿,舌中部抬高,唇形扁平,向左右略微拉开。

发音诀窍:像汉语的“饿”音,注意不要发得太短。

2. 单词举例

辅音+元音:/s/+/?:/=/s?:/ (sir 先生)

元音+辅音:/?:/+ /θ/=/ ?: θ/ (earth 地球)

辅音+元音+辅音:/t/+/ ?:/+/m/=/t ?:m/ (term 学期)

3. 规则总结

ir: dirty

er: her

or: work

ur: fur

ear: heard, learn

/i:/

1.发音要领:注意/i:/为长音,舌端靠近下齿,舌前部抬高,但不接触上齿龈,唇形扁平,接近闭

合。

发音诀窍:就像照相时我们喊“茄子”一样,用英语就喊“cheese”,因为这个词中的/i:/发音时,嘴角向两侧拉伸,像微笑。

2.单词举例:

辅音+元音:/s/+/i:/=/si:/ (see 看见)

元音+辅音:/i:/+/t/=/i:t/ (eat 吃)

辅音+元音+辅音:/n/+/i:/+/d/=/ni:d/ (need需要)

3.规则总结

i: police, machine

ea: sea, leave

ei: receive, deceit

e: she, eve, evening

ee: sweet, meet

ie: believe, thief

/u:/

1. 发音要领:/u:/为长元音,舌端离开下齿;舌后部抬高;唇形尽量收缩得小而圆并且向前突出。

发音诀窍:嘴唇撅起,圆而突,音拉长。

2.单词举例

辅音+元音:/t/+/ u:/=/tu:/ (too 也,太)

元音+辅音:/ u:/+/z/ =/u:z/ (ooze 渗出)

辅音+元音+辅音:/g/+/u:/+/s/=/gu:s/ (goose 鹅)

3. 规则总结

o: who, do

oo: moon, noon, cool

ou: youth, through

u: rule

ui: fruit

ue: blue, true

【例题精讲】

/ɑ:/ h al f p a st ten 十点半

/?:/ sh or t or t al l 矮或高

/?:/ t ur n blue 变蓝

/i:/ ea t m ea t 吃肉

/u:/ t oo few 太少的

【巩固练习】

一、朗读下列音标

/i:/ /i:t/ /pi:k/ /bi:d/ /di:d/

/u:/ /fu:d/ /ku:l/ /pu:l/ /tu:l/

/?:/ /n?:t/ /t?:n/ /f?:k/ /m?:n/

/a:/ /da:k/ /ka:m/ /ba:n/ /ɡa:d/

/?:/ /b?:d/ /t?:n/ /??:d/ /n?:s/

二、字母组合的发音。

/i:/ ee --- sleep bee

/i:/ ea --- teacher cheap

/a:/ ar --- car park

/u:/. oo --- too moon

三、根据所给的单元音音标,朗读下面的词组。

/i:/ the deep sleep 酣睡

green tree 绿树

/?:/ the third world 第三世界

the early bird 早到者

/u:/ the blue roof 蓝色的屋顶

a cool pool 一个清凉的水池

/?:/ a small ball 一个小球

more and more 越来越多

/a:/ a dark park 一个阴暗的公园

start a car 发动汽车

第二节短元音【知识梳理】

/?/

发音诀窍:/?/是四个前元音中开口最大的音,嘴咧得像在傻笑。

2.单词举例:

辅音+元音:/f/+/?/=/f? /

元音+辅音:/?/+/z/=/?z/ (as像)

辅音+元音+辅音:/k/+/?/+/t/=/k?t/ (cat猫)

3.发音规则:

a: habit, flag

at: plaid

/e/

1.发音要领:注意/e/为短元音;舌端靠近下齿;舌前部抬高,略高于/i/的舌位,唇形扁平,但开

口比/i/略大,可容纳一个食指尖。

发音诀窍:有点像轻轻地应声“哎”

2.单词举例:

辅音+元音:/l/+/e/=/le/

元音+辅音:/e/+/g/=/eg/ (egg 蛋)

辅音+元音+辅音:/b/+/e/+/t/=/bet/ (bet 打赌)

3.规则总结

e:bed, get, let

a: many, any,

ea: head, weather, bread

ai: said

ie: friend

ue: guest

/i/

1.发音要领:注意/i/为短元音;舌端靠近下齿;舌前部抬高看,略高于/i:/的舌位;唇形扁平,但开口比/i:/略大,可容纳一个小指尖。

发音诀窍:从/i/出发,收腹,发音短促,就像军训时报数喊“一”。

2.单词举例:

元音+辅音:/i/+/z/=/iz/ (is 是)

辅音+元音+辅音:/b/+/i/+/t/=/bit/ (bit 一点儿)

3.规则总结

i: pig, film, kick

y: gym, copy, pity

e: expect, goodness, careless

a: cabbage

o: women

ei:foreign

ui: building

ey: money

/?/

圆,开口大。

发音诀窍:从/?:/音发起,舌后部抬的比/?:/略低,口型比/?:/稍大,音短促。

2. 单词举例

元音+辅音:/?/+/d/=/?d/ (odd 奇怪的)

辅音+元音+辅音:/l/+ /?/+/t/=/l?t/ (lot 许多)

3.规则总结

o: job, knock

a: wash, what

ou: cough

ow: knowledge

au: because

/∧/

1.发音要领:/∧/为短元音,舌后部的靠钱部分稍抬起,舌端两侧触下齿,唇形扁平,放松

发音诀窍:像发汉语“啊”音,双唇向两旁平伸,但张口不大,声音短促。

2.单词举例

辅音+元音:/m/+/ ?/=/m?/

元音+辅音:/ ?/+/s/=/?s/ (us我们)

辅音+元音+辅音:/k/+/ ?/+/p/=/k?p/ (cup 杯子)

1.规则总结

u:up

o:love, money

oo:blood

ou:young

/u/

1. 发音要领:/u/为短元音,舌端离开下齿,舌身收缩,舌后部抬高,双唇自然收圆稍向前突出。

发音诀窍:上下唇稍微撅起,形成的气孔要比发/u:/时大些。

2.单词举例

辅音+元音:/t/+/ u/=/tu/ (to 对,向)

辅音+元音+辅音:/f/+/u/+/t/=/fut/ (foot 脚)

3. 规则总结

oo: hood, hook

put: put, pull, full

oul: would, should

o: woman

【例题精讲】

一、读出下列音标。

第一组

/i:/ /i:t/ /pi:k/ /bi:d/ /di:d/

/i/ /it/ /pik/ / bid/ /did/

/e/ /et/ /pek/ /bed/ /ded/

/u:/ /fu:d/ /ku:l/ /pu:l/ /tu:l/

/u/ /fut/ /kuk/ /put/ /tuk/

/?:/ /n?:t/ /t?:n/ /f?:k/ /m?:n/

/?/ /n?t/ /t?p/ /f?nd/ /m?p/

第三组

/a:/ /da:k/ /ka:m/ /ba:n/ /ɡa:d/ /?/ /d?k/ /k?m/ /b?n/ /ɡ?n/

/?:/ /b?:d/ /t?:n/ /n?:s/

/?/ /b ig?/ /s ist?/ /m i:t?/ /t i:??/【巩固练习】

1、字母组合的发音。

/i:/ ee --- sleep bee

/i:/ ea --- teacher cheap

/e/ ea --- head bread

/a:/ ar --- car park

/u:/. oo --- too moon

/u/ oo --- look book

2、根据所给的单元音音标,朗读下面的词组。/i/

a thick stick 一根粗的棍子

a silver lid 一个银盖子

/e/

a red dress 一件红衣服

the next step 下一步

fresh eggs 鲜蛋

/?/

a black hat 一顶黑礼帽

the happy dad 快乐的爸爸

catch a cat 捉猫

/?/

a clever waiter 一位聪明的侍者

the correct answer 正确的答案

/u/

a good cook 一个好厨师

have a look 看一看

on food 步行

full moon 满月

/?/

a hot pot 一个火锅

lock the box 锁上箱子/盒子

/?/

a Sunday clu

b 星期日俱乐部

some luck 一些运气

much honey 许多蜂蜜

第三节双元音

8个双元音/ei/ /ai/ /?u/ /u?/ /au/ /?i/ /i ?/ /ε?/

双元音的发音要领是:前长后短前重后轻

【知识梳理】

一、/ ?u/,/au/

/ ?u/

1. 发音要领:双元音,舌位由低向高滑动,唇形由扁平偏园到略园

发音诀窍:先发/ ?/,下颚稍向上抬起,自然向/u/滑动,不到/u/,即告发音完成,中间无停顿;双唇由扁平收圆

2.单词举例

辅音+元音:/t/+ / ?u/=/t ?u/ toe 脚趾)

元音+辅音:/ ?u/+/n/=/ ?un/ (own 拥有)

辅音+元音+辅音:/n/+ / ?u/+/z/=/n ?uz/ (nose 鼻子)

3.规则总结

o: go, so

ow: know, snow

oa: loak, boat

ou: though

oe: toe

ew: sew (缝,缝纫)

/au/

1. 发音要领:先发/a:/,双唇收起,自然向/u/滑动,不到/u/,即告发音完成,中间无停顿,双唇收圆,舌后部稍稍抬起。

2.单词举例

辅音+元音:/c/+/ au /=/cau/ (cow 奶牛)

元音+辅音:/ au /+/t=/ aut/ (out 外面的)

辅音+元音+辅音:/d/+/au/ +/n/= /daun/ (down 向下)

3. 规则总结

ow: allow, now

ou: mouth, ground

二./ei/,/ai/,/?i/

/ei/

1.发音要领:/ei/为双元音,先发/e/,下颚迅速向上合拢,自然向/i/滑动,不到/i/,中间无停顿。

元音+辅音:/ ei/+/k/ =/eik/ (ache 疼)

辅音+元音+辅音:/f/+/ ei/+/s/=/feis/ (face 脸)

3.规则总结

a: make, same

ay: pay, way, may

ai: wait

ei: eight

ea: great

ey: they

/ai/

1.发音规则:双元音,先发/a:/,下颚迅速向上合拢,自然向/i/滑动,不到/i/。像说汉语我爱你的“爱”,但嘴要张大到不能再大。

2.单词举例

辅音+元音:/h/+/ai/=/hai/ (high 高)

元音+辅音:/ai/+/s/ =/ais/ (ice 冰)

辅音+元音+辅音:/n/+/ai/+/t/=/nait/ (night 夜晚)

3.规则总结

y: fly, cry

i: nice

igh: high, light

ie: lie

ei: either

uy: buy

/?i/

1. 发音要领:双元音,先发/?i/,下颚迅速向上合拢,自然向/i/滑动,不到/i/,中间无停顿。

2.单词举例

辅音+元音:/t/+/ ?i /=/t?i / (high 高)

元音+辅音:/ ?i /+/l/ =/?il/ (ice 冰)

辅音+元音+辅音:/k/+/?i /+/n/=/k?in/ (night 夜晚)

3. 规则总结

oy: toy, joy

oi: spoil

三./i?/,/e?/,/u?/

/i?/

1. 发音要领:双元音,唇形由边跑那个到圆形,成自然状态。先发/i/,快速自然向/?/滑动,中间无停顿。

2.单词举例:

辅音+元音:/n/+/i ?/=/ni ?/ (near 近的)

元音+辅音:/i ?/+/s/ =/i ?z/ (ears 耳朵(复数)

辅音+元音+辅音:/p/+/i ?/+/s/=/pi ?s/ (pierce 穿透)

3.规则总结

ear: hear, clear

ia: material

eer: peer

ere: here

iou: serious

/e?/

1.发音要领:双元音,唇形由扁平到自然。先发/e/,快速自然向/?/滑动。

2.单词举例

辅音+元音:/w/+/e ?/=/we ?/ (wear 穿,戴)

元音+辅音:/e ?/+/z/ =/e ?z / (airs 复数,架子)

辅音+元音+辅音:/e/+/e ?/+/z/=/ee?z / (theirs 他们的)

3.规则总结

a: area

are: spare

ear: pear, wear

air: pair

ere: there

eir: their

/u?/

1.发音要领:双元音,舌位由高相抵滑动,唇形由圆形到扁平自然。先发/u/,快速自然向/?/滑动。2.单词举例

辅音+元音:/p/+/u ?/=/pu ?/ (poor 贫穷的)

元音+辅音:/u ?/+/d/ =/u ?d/

辅音+元音+辅音:/g/+/u ?/+/d/=/gu ?d / (gourd 葫芦)

3.规则总结

oor: poor

ua: usual

our: tour

ure:cure

ur: curious

【例题精讲】

一.词组练习(注意连读)

down town 商业中心thousands of 数以千计的make way 让路

a quiet life 平静的生活make a choice 做选择

a good idea 一个好主意here and there 到处during the day 在白天

二、辨音练习

1. / ?u/-/ ?:/

bone-burn tone-turn coal-curl

2. /au/-/?:/

shout-short house-horse down-dawn now- nor

4. /?i/-/?:/

coil- call toil-tall oil-all

5. /i ?/-/e ?/

fear- fair sheer-share

6. /u ?/-/e ?/

sure- share tour-tear poor-pair

【巩固练习】

/ei/ 字母组合:ea ay ai

a great day 一个伟大的日子

the same way 同样的方法

the late train 晚班车

take place 发生

wait in the rain 在雨中等候

/ai/ 字母组合:igh ind

a bright smile 快乐的笑容

a tired child 一个疲倦的孩子

a kind writer 一位和善的作家

quite right 很对/非常正确

five libraries 五个图书馆

/?i/ 字母组合:oy oi

the boy’s voice男孩的声音

the boiling point 沸点

make a choice 选择

full of joy 充满了欢乐

boil the oil 熬油

/au/ 字母组合:ou ow

a loud sound 响声

a brown house 一幢棕色的房子

shout out 喊起来

found the cow 找牛

thousands of flowers 千万朵花

/?u/ 字母组合:oa ow

a cold stove 冷却的炉子

the slow boat 慢驶的船

below zero 在零下

no hope 没有希望

roses in the snow 雪中玫瑰

/i?/ 字母组合:ea ear

a real hero 一位真正的英雄

cheerful tears 快乐的眼泪

near the theatre 在剧院附近

from ear to ear 列着嘴

/ε?/字母组合:air ear are ere

repair the chair 修椅子

fair hair 金发

share a pear 分梨

take care 小心

here and there 到处/各处

/u?/ 字母组合:our ure oor

a tour to Europe 到欧洲的旅行

make sure 确认/弄清楚

rich and poor 贫富

【课外拓展】

一、单词辨音(选出读音不同的一项)

( ) 1. A. table B. grape C. dance D. plate

( ) 2. A. clock B. cold C. coffee D. hot ( ) 3. A. touch B. house C. blouse D. out

( ) 4. A. forty B. worker C. horse D. sports ( ) 5. A. hats B. shirts C. sweets D. birds

( ) 6. A. house B. out C. mouse D. touch ( ) 7. A. work B. turn C. purse D. Saturday ( ) 8. A. forty B. doctor C. horse D. morning ( ) 9. A. think B. this C. birthday D. three

( ) 10. A. kites B. skirts C. boats D. birds

( ) 11. A. now B. know C. how D. towel ( ) 12. A. stamp B. plan C. black D. date

( ) 13. A. these B. leg C. left D. friend ( ) 14. A. fine B. milk C. write D. mine ( ) 15. A. ago B. close C. clock D. home

二、找出下列单词划线部分的发音与所给音标相同的单词

( ) 1. A. answer B. along C. camera

( ) 2. /u:/ A. cook B. cool C. good

( ) 3. /au/ A. know B. snow C. cow

( ) 4. /i:/ A. early B. concert C. people

( ) 5. /e/ A. everything B. plan C. number ( ) 6. /z/ A. slow B. envelopes C. oranges

三、找出与所给单词划线部分读音相同的单词:

( ) 1. book A. room B. school C .look D. afternoon ( ) 2. food A. spoon B. cook C .good D .football ( ) 3. box A. glove B hot C. nose D. come ( ) 4. mother A. orange B. shop C. some D .doll ( ) 5. cake A. glass B. after C. class D. plate

(

( ) 7. back A. grandfather B. any C. station D. make

( ) 8. live A. fine B. light C. violin D. ice-cream

( ) 9. how A. follow B. window C. now D. bowl

( ) 10. bear A. near B. pear C. dear D. year

( ) 11. bed A. he B. she C. yellow D. these

( ) 12. we A. let B. vest C. red D. Chinese ( ) 13. old A. shop B. sofa C. hot D. lovely ( ) 14. true A. blue B. cup C. lunch D. umbrella ( ) 15. plus A. June B. July C. ruler D. hurry ( ) 16. London A. watermelon B. son C. colour D. come ( ) 17. tomorrow A. town B. cow C. grow D. brown ( ) 18. fine A. English B. thank C. can D. mango

( ) 19. tea A. bread B. head C. sweater D. eat

( ) 20. student A. study B. subject C. supermarket D. sunny

学大教育精品课程

第一节:爆破音、摩擦音(1)

【知识梳理】

朗读下面28个辅音音标。

爆破音:/b/ /p/ /ɡ/ /k/ /d/ /t/

鼻音:/m/ /n/ /?/

边音/l/

半元音:/W/ /j/ 因为这几个音标中有/?/的音。

摩擦音:/f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /e/ /h/ /r/

破擦音:/?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /dr/ /tr/

其中浊辅音发音时声带振动,而轻辅音发音时声带不振动。

清浊辅音对:(发音方法和发音部位相同)

一、爆破音

1.发音要领:/p/和/b/发音部位和发音方法相同:双唇紧闭,气流由双唇冲出,声带不振动,发出/p/, 如果气流在口腔滞留,伴随声带振动,发出/b/

发音诀窍:/p/像发汉语中的“颇”,但没有后面的韵母,/b/像发汉语中的“波”,同样没有韵母的音

2.多音节划分

picture=pic /`pic/ + ture /t??/=/`pict??/ (picture 图画)

rubbish=rub /`r?/ +bish /bi?/= /`r?bi?/ (rubbish垃圾)

3.规则总结

/p/: police, apple

/b/: bite, rabbit

/t/和/d/

发音要领:/t/和/d/发音部位和发音方法相同:舌尖接触上齿龈,然后舌尖突然离开上齿龈,气流由舌尖和上齿龈之间冲出,发出爆破音。/t/清辅音,声带不振动,发音送气。/d/浊辅音,声带振动。发音诀窍:/t/像发汉语中的“特”,但没有后面的e音。/d/像发汉语中的“德”,同样没有后面的e音。2.多音节划分

terrific= ter/t?/ +ri/`ri/+fic/fik/=/t?`rifik/ (terrific 很棒的)

divide= di/di/+ vide/`vaid/=/di`vaid/ (divide划分)

3.规则总结

/t/: twin, little, asked

/d/: doctor, wedding, played

/k/和/g/

1.发音要领:/k/和/g/发音部位和发音方法相同:舌后部隆起紧贴软腭,然后舌后部突然离开软腭,气流由舌后部和软腭之间冲出,发出爆破音。/k/清辅音,声带不振动,发音送气。/g/浊辅音,声带振动,发音不送气。

发音诀窍:/k/像发汉语中的“科”,但是没有后面的e音。/g/像发汉语中的“歌”,同样没有后面的e音。

多音节划分

technique=tech/tek/+nique/`ni:k/=/tek`ni:k/ (technique 技术)

grammar=gram/` gr?/+ mar/m?/=/` gr?m?/ (grammar 语法)

3.规则总结

/k/: kind, cost, account, technique, quick, liquor

/g/: gate, guard, egg

二、摩擦音(1)

/f/和/v/

1.发音要领:/f/和/v/发音部位和发音方法相同:上齿放于下齿上,气流从下齿下唇间缝隙通过,上齿下唇摩擦成音。/f/清辅音,声带不振动,/v/浊辅音,声带振动。/f/音与汉语“夫”相似,但上齿下唇不能分开,必须摩擦声音,好似“咬下唇”,而且/f/音不含元音/u/./v/音与汉语“屋”相似,但上齿下唇不能分开,必须摩擦声音且声带振动。

2.多音节划分

enough=e/i/+nough/`n?f/=/i`n?f/ (enough 足够的)

even=e/`i:/+ven/v?n/=/`i:v?n/ (even甚至)

/f/: forever, physics, puff, laugh

/v/: drive

/θ/和/e/

1.发音要领:这两个音发音部位和发音方法相同:舌尖放在上下齿之间,轻触上齿的下边缘,气流从上齿和舌尖之间缝隙流出,上齿和舌尖摩擦成音。/θ/清辅音,声带不振动,发音送气。/e/浊辅音,声带振动。

2.多音节划分

thirteen=thir/`θ?:/+teen/`ti:n/=/`θ?:`ti:n/ (thirteen 十三)

although=al/?:l/+though/`e?u/=/ ?:l`e?u/ (although 虽然)

3.规则总结

/θ/:three

/e/: the

/s/和/z/

发音要领:这两个音发音部位和发音方法相同:舌尖靠近下齿龈,气流从下齿龈和舌尖之间缝隙流出,下齿龈和舌尖摩擦成音。/s/清辅音,声带不振动,发音送气。/z/浊辅音,声带振动,发音。

多音节划分

Sunday=sun/`s?n/+day/di/=/``s?ndi/ (Sunday 周日)

zebra= ze/`zi:/+bra/br?/=/`zi:br?/ (zebra 斑马)

规则总结

/s/: city, same, kiss, face, science

/z/: cars, zoo, buzz

/?/和/?/

1.发音要领:/?/和/?/发音部位和发音方法相同:舌前端接近上齿龈,舌身向上抬向硬腭,气流从舌和硬腭及上齿龈之间缝隙流出,舌前端和硬腭摩擦成音。/?/清辅音,声带不振动,发音送气。/?/浊辅音,声带振动。

发音诀窍:发/?/时,舌平,双唇略向前突起,并稍收圆,好似生气撅嘴。/?/发音时,与/?/相同,声带振动。

2. 辨音练习

/ ? /-/ ? /

cash- casual relation- regime commission-conclusion

3.规则总结

/ ? /:she, relation, Asia, sure, ancient

/ ? /: garage, division, pleasure

【例题精讲】

1、根据所给音标朗读下列单词。

/p/ -p pen map people

/b/ -b bed black baby

/t/ -t ten Tom that

/d/ -d day read window

c cap come cup

ck back cock clock

/ɡ/ -g get bag gas

/m/ -m name game make

/n/ -not ten net nurse

2、根据所给音标朗读下列单词。

/f/ -f for knife fifteen

/v/ -v have over seven

/s/ s sit bus student

c nice pencil city

/z/ z zoo zero hands s nose rose please

/?/ -sh sheep ship English

/?/ -s usually /`ju:?u?li/ 通常

【巩固练习】

1、朗读下面的单词,注意爆破音的发音。

/p/ page 页plane 飞机post 邮寄up 向上lamp 灯

/b/ both 两者都beat 打baby 婴儿lab 实验室club 俱乐部

/t/ teach 教ticket 票taste 尝write 写sit 坐rest 休息/d/ date 日期die 死亡dust 灰尘friend 朋友head 头kind 和善的/k/ key 钥匙kill 杀死king 国王talk 谈话cook 烧/煮

/ɡ/ goat 山羊gas 气gun 抢egg 蛋dig 挖leg 腿

2、朗读下面的单词,注意单词中摩擦音的发音。

/f/ face 脸field 田地

fit 合适knife 刀

thief 贼enough 足够的

/v/ voice 说话声visit 访问

view 见解/景物starve 挨饿

move 移动live 住

/s/ say 说seat 座位

sorry 对不起perhaps 也许

pass 传递horse 马

/z/ zoo 动物园zero 零

zine 锌was 是(过去式)

whose 谁的rise 升起

/?/ shake 摇动shine 照耀

shop 商店push 推

/?/ usual 通常的treasure 财宝

measure 量pleasure 愉快

rouge 胭脂

第二节:摩擦音(2)、破擦音、鼻音、边音、半元音

【知识梳理】

一、摩擦音(2)

/ h/

发音要领:/ h/发音时气流流溢出口腔,气流摩擦两条声带间的缝隙(声门)成音。/ h/清辅音,声带不振动。

多音节划分

behave=be/bi/+have/`heiv/=/bi`heiv/ (behave行为)

辨音练习

/h/-/r/

hear-rear handle-rental hot-rot hate-rate head-read

规则总结

/h/: high, hot, whose, whom

/r/

1.发音要领:发音时舌尖卷起,靠向上齿龈后部,向后面的硬腭弯曲,双唇撅起,气流经过时,舌面和上齿龈后部摩擦成音。浊辅音,声带振动。

2.多音节划分

repeat=re/ri/+peat/`pi:t/=/ri`pi:t/

3. 辨音练习

/r/-/l/

Right- light riddle-little correct-collect river-liver

4.规则总结

/r/: room, marry, wrack

二、破擦音

A. /t?/和/d?/

1.发音要领:/t?/和/d?/发音部位和发音方法相同:舌尖顶在上齿龈后部,先不发音,然后舌尖立即离开上齿龈,双唇略向前突起,并稍收圆,气流从舌和硬腭及上齿龈之间缝隙流出,发出破擦音。/t?/清辅音,声带不振动,发音送气。/d?/浊辅音,声带振动。

2.辨音练习

/t?/-/d?/

chin-gin cheer-jeer choke-joke watch-wage

3. 规则总结

/t?/:change, watch, future

/d?/: major, judge, giant, garage, procedure

B. /tr/和/dr/

1. 发音要领:发音部位和发音方法相同:舌尖顶上齿龈,先不发音,然后舌尖立即离开上齿龈,向

音。/tr/清辅音,声带不振动,发音送气。/dr/ 浊辅音,声带振动

2.辨音练习

/tr/-/dr/

try-dry trop-drop trunk-drunk trip-drip train-drain

3. 规则总结

/tr/:stress, trust, destroy

/dr/: draw, hundred, drug

C. /ts/和/dz/

1. 发音要领:发音部位和发音方法相同:舌尖顶上齿龈,先不发音,然后舌尖立即离开上齿龈,移向下齿龈,气流从舌和上下齿龈之间缝隙流出,发出破擦音。/ts/清辅音,声带不振动,发音送气,/dz/浊辅音,声带振动。

2.辨音练习

/ts/-/dz/

beats-beads lots-lords nuts-nods streets-stands

3. 规则总结

/ts/:hurts, cats, hates

/dz/: holds, ponds, grades

三、鼻音

/m/

发音要领:/m/发音部位同发/p/和/b/相似,双唇毕拢,软腭下垂,但发音方法是气流从鼻腔流出,而不是口腔。浊辅音,声带振动。嘴呈自然不说话状态,双唇闭合,气流通过鼻腔,同时声带振动,发出/m/.

多音节划分

machine=ma/m?/+chine/`?i:n/= / m?`?i:n/ (machine 机器)

规则总结

m: money, summer

/n/

发音要领:发音部位同发/t/和/d/,舌尖紧贴上齿龈,软腭下垂,但发音方法是气流从鼻腔流出,而不是口腔。浊辅音,声带振动。嘴呈开口状态,舌尖抵上齿龈,气流涌出鼻腔,同时声带振动,就发出/n/了。

多音节划分

Funny=fun/`f?/ +ny/ni/=/`f?ni/ (funny 有趣的)

辨音练习

/m/-/n/

seem-sin mice-nice Tom- ton came-cane mine-nine

规则总结

n: note, not, penny

/?/

开,气流从鼻腔流出,而不是口腔。/?/是浊辅音,声带振动

多音节划分

English=Eng/`i?g/+lish/li?/=/`i?gli?/ (English 英语)

3.辨音练习

/n/-/?/

thin-thing sin-sing ran-rang win-wing kin-king

4.规则总结

/?/:long, singer, think, tank (ng, nk)

四、边音/l/

1.发音要领:/l/为舌端齿音边辅音;舌端及舌尖紧贴上齿龈;双唇稍微张大些,气流侧出,振动声带。当/l/在元音前时,舌尖紧贴上齿龈,双唇稍微张大些,气流侧出,声带振动发出声音。当/l/在元音之后时,嘴角向两侧拉伸,舌尖只须地主上龈即可。

2.多音节划分

foolish=fool/`fu:l/+ish/i?/=/`fu:li?/ (foolish 傻的)

3.规则总结

/l/: police, tell, call, live

五、半元音

/w/

发音要领:/w/为舌后软腭半元音;舌后部向软腭抬起,双唇收得很圆很小,并向前突出,声带振动。类似汉语“屋”音,但发/w/音是,双唇要向前突出。

多音节划分

window= win/`win/+dow/d?u/=/`wind?u/ (window 窗户)

辨音练习

/w/-/v/

west-vest wheel-veal wine-vine

规则总结

/w/: wear, what, why

/kw/: quick, queen, quite, quality

/j/

发音要领:/j/为舌前硬腭半元音,舌前部像硬腭尽量抬起,双唇向两旁伸展成扁平形,声带振动,一经发出,立刻向后面的元音滑动。类似汉语的“爷”的短促音。

多音节划分

yellow=yel/’je/+low/l?u/=/’jel?u/ (yellow 黄色)

辨音练习

/j/-/i/

year- ear yet- eat yes-is

/j/-/d?/

yet-jet use-juice yam-jam

规则总结

/j/: year, yes, use, unique

译林版小升初英语知识点大汇总

2019小升初英语知识点大汇总 小升初英语语法1、名词复数规则、 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 2、一般现在时 1.一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作,也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。 2.一般现在时中,没有be动词和情态动词,主语为第三人称单数的肯定句,动词要按规则加上s,主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句,动词用原形。 3.在一般现在时中,句中有be动词或情态动词时,否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not,一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。 4.在一般现在时中,句中没有be动词或情态动词时,主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not (doesn’t),一般疑问句在句首加does,句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数,否定句用do+not (don’t),一般疑问句在句首加do,句子中动词用原形。 动词+s的变化规则 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks 2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies 3、现在进行时 1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing. 3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 动词加ing的变化规则 1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking 2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting 3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping 4、be going to 1.be going to 表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。

译林牛津版小学小升初英语阅读理解及答案【解析】 (12)

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