考前指导
The only difference between good and better is a little more effort.
1.高考细节题解题技巧
细节理解类题目常见的设问方式：
1．Which of the following is true／false／mentioned?
2．What does the writer pay the least attention to?
3．Choose the right order of the events given in the passage．
4．All of the following statements may be true／false except…
5．Which of the following is not the result of．．．?
6．Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of．．．?
7．Which of the following maps／diagrams gives the right position of…／relationship of．．?
8．Which of the following maps shows the right way to get to…?
9．Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what…is like?
解题方法（一）结构信息对应法
高考中细节理解题主要考查考生在阅读语篇时获取事实性信息的能力，考生通过理解句子和段落的意思对具体的事实和细节做出正确的判断。测试过程中要求考生从单纯的“信息获取”转变成“寻找答案”。在这个过程中，原文涉及的大部分细节内容对于完成题目是无意义的，无需字斟句酌。只有在阅读中准确把握题干的关键词，才能区分哪些字句与题目(答题点)有关。
所谓“关键词”是指题干中的核心词或者决定答案性质或位置的词。典型的关键词是句子的主干、人名、地名、时间、数字和生词。由于它们会在原文重现，因此产生了一种答题方法：回原文找关键词。这往往给考生一种印象：只要在题干中划出关键词就一定能找到原词。那么关键词一定会“原型”重现吗?
请看下面例句：
原文：While it is acknowledged for many years that an increasing number of animals are bound to become extinct，it is only recently that the problem has been addressed by politicians．
题目选项：We have known for a long time that more species of animals will disappear．(正确答案)
分析：题目中的每一个句子成分都“长得”与原文不同，可是表达的含义却一致。我们把句子拆分观察：（1）While it is acknowledged for many years that = （1’）We have known for a long time that
（2）an increasing number of animals=（2’）more species of animals
（3）are bound to become extinct=（3’）will disappear
1’ 是1的同意表达；2’ 是2的同意表达；3’ 是3的同意表达；因此，1+2+3=1’+2’+3’这是我们处理细节题的具体操作方法。
由上例可见，机械地用某个字回原文定位有时是徒劳的，换句话说关键词的重现并不是我们想像的“原词重现”。根据笔者经验，关键词重现分成3类——AA语言重现、AA’语言重现和关系重现。
2.高考主旨大意题解题技巧
这类题主要是测试学生对一篇或一段字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。常见的设题方式有：
(1) Which of the following best describes the main point of the passage?
(2) What is the writer trying to tell us?
(3) Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
(4) The purpose of the passage is. (5) The main (general) idea of the passage is.
(6) The passage is mainly about ____. (7) What is mainly discussed in the passage?
这类题通常围绕一个中心思想展开，一些一开头便展示出的中心思想，第一段常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，也有一些的中心思想贯穿全，并没有用一句话明确表达出，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。每个段落往往也由一个主题句或几个陈述句构成，它们在句中的位置不同，有时在开头, 首先点明本段大意; 有时在结尾, 总结本段大意。
做这类题，首先要找出的主题句。找出的主题句，也就明确了要讲什么，再通读全文，就可以把握的中心思想了。
主题句在整个语段中起着通领全段的作用，其它句子都是用阐述、解释、支持或发展主题句所表达的主题思想的。其位置一般位于段首，也见于段尾或段中。
☆另外在许多段中，设有可以概括全段意义的主题句，必须根据中所提供的事实细节，进行全面分析，然后归纳成一般概念。但必须注意，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。这就需要进一步加工概括了。
〖第一招〗划出主题句和关键词
在说明和议论时，根据其篇特点我们可以通过寻找短的主题句归纳出的主题。主题句在中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。因此仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法。浏览时，一般不需逐句浏览，只需选读的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句。重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。
有些的主题句或者说“眼”出现在的最后，此类往往以列举事实开头，通过论证，最后阐述核心观点，或者引用某个人的话印证自己的观点，以此归纳的主旨大意，所以有时要找出这样的信息，从中提炼标题或归纳大意。
〖第二招〗抓住段落大意，概括中心思想
寻找整篇的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心的整体归纳便是的中心思想。在这个过程中，考生们不能只依据只言片语，或光看的某一些段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排，理解的重点，考虑中材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的，分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么中心安排的。最后用简明扼要的字将的中心思想表达出。
〖第三招〗抓住主线和关键词语，归纳中心
要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的，就需要自己根据的细节分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。
该题型提问的形式主要有三类：Main Idea型
1．首先要找出的主题句(Topic Sentence)，即中心思想，其他句子则为支撑句或扩展句(Developing Details)，是用阐述、解释、支持或发展主题句所表达的主题思想的。
2．在许多段中，没有可以概括全段意义的主题句，必须根据中所提供的事实细节，进行全面分析，然后归纳成一般概念。但必须注意：既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
Topic/Title型
在阅读理解的命题中，有时要求确定相应的标题，以考查考生对全中心思想的理解。
1．首先要把握好大意，不能把某一段的大意看做是整篇的大意，更不能把细节看成是大意，以防标题的片面性。
2．注意的体裁及意图。根据不同体裁，结合叙述的过程、说明的用途、议论的主题等，从而正确地确定标题。
3．注意标题本身的句法和语法特征：一是要言简意赅，引人注目；二是要利用省略等修辞手段，尽量使标题句法结构正确。
Purpose and Attitude型
命题中常结合考生对的理解，考查对写作目的和作者态度的理解。常见的设题方式有：
The passage is meant to ______.
The purpose of this article is ______.
The author's attitude toward…is best described as one of ______.
需要通过细节支撑的思想和大意，而作者正是通过这些思想和大意体现其态度、观点和目的。因此，领会的态度、
观点和目的与全文的主旨大意是密不可分的。
3.高考推理判断解题技巧
提问方式：
1) It can be inferred/ concluded from the passage that___________.
2) According to the passage, ________________.
3) We learn from the passage that ________.
4) The passage impliesthat___________.
5) Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
6) The writer suggests that___________.
7) From the text we know that __________.
8) What's the author's attitude toward……?
9) The author uses the examples of... to show that___________.
10) The author’s purpose of writing this passage is _____________.
常用词汇：
Infer, imply, suggest, conclude, indicate, appear.
此类试题的提问中可能会出现情态动词：can, could, would, might或副词probably, most likely。
做题策略：
推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，掌握文章的真正内涵。
1. 要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实为依据，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索。
2. 把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，推敲文中人物的性格，品质，处事态度和行为动机等，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。
3. 不能断章取义，以偏概全；不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测；更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点
典型题型：
【例题1】– 因果推断
The entertainment profession or “show business" attracts many young people. Unfortunately, only very few can hope to become famous and successful. Talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business .Without a good manager,a performer can never hope to succeed.Fashion is important in this business, too. The best tailor in the world will never be a success if he makes oldfashioned clothes. In exactly the same way, a performer must changehis “act" in order to follow the taste of the moment. This is true for actors, dancers and comedians,but perhaps most of all singers.
“Pop" stands for “popular" and a pop singer has to work very hard to become popular .He must either give the
public what they already want, or he must find a new way of singing that will attract their attention. Even when he has succeeded, and his records are sold everywhere, he can not relax. Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity.The life of a successful pop singer is not at all easy. He can only relax when he is alone, because everything he does is watched and reported in the special newspaper written for the “fans".The fans are the most important people in the world for the singers. They buy his records, they go to his concerts and they make him rich and famous. But they can be very annoying, too. Sometimes their enthusiasm get so hysterical that they do anything to get a“souvenir". They steal handkerchiefs, they tear off buttons, and they even cut off pieces of the unfortunate singer's hair. Many singers have been forced to hide. A pop singer has to spend a lot of money on clothes, because he must always look smart or at any rate different. He must have a luxurious car. And — most important —he must always keep smiling for the benefit of his public .
1. Why must a pop singer have a good manager?
A. To protect him from his fans
B. To look after his business interests
C. To help him to change his “act”
D .So that he can relax
2. Why must a pop singer work even harder when he has become famous?
A. Because he wants to attract the attention of the public
B. Because he wants to sell more records
C. Because he wants to become popular
D. Because he wants to stay popular
【例题2】---弦外之音
A well-known old man was being interviewed and was asked if it was correct that he had just celebrated his 99th birthday, “That's right," said the old man. “Ninety-nine years old, and I haven't an enemy in the world. They 're all dead."
“Well sir,” said the interviewer, “I hope very much to have the honor of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday."
The old man looks at the young man closely, and said, “I can't see why you shouldn't. You look fit and healthy to me!”
1. What kind of man would you say the old man was?
A. He was silly.
B. He was unpleasant.
C. He was very proud and sure of his health.
D. He was very impolite to young people.
【例题3】---预测话题
We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially useful in automatic control, date processingand solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day.More and cleverer computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us.
However…
1. Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about inthe third paragraph?
A. Computers will soon stop developing.
B. Computers are as clever as man.
C. Many people like computers very much.
D.I don't think computers will replace us completely.
【例题4】– 写作意图
Imagine that the genome is a book. The book consists of 23 chapters with thousands of stories made up of paragraphs, words and letters on different levels. There are one billion words in the book, which makes it longer than 5,000 volumes the size of this book, or as long as 800 Bibles. If I read the genome out to you at the rate of one word per second for eight hours a day, it would take me a century. If I wrote out the human genome, one letter per millimeter, my
text would be as long as the River Danube.
1. The real purpose of the author's comparison of the genome to a book is___________.
A. to focus on the differences between the two
B. to lay emphasis on the similarities between the two
C. to simplify the concept of the human genome
D. to give an exact description of the human genome
【例题5】---作者态度
Now and again I have had horrible dreams, but not enough of them make me lose my delight in dreams. Most people do not seem to accept dreaming as part of their lives. They appear to see it as an annoying little habit, like sneezing. Ican never understand it. My dream life does not seem as important as my waking life because there is far less of it, but to me it is important.
1. What is the author’s attitude toward dreaming?
A. He likes it.
B. He thinks it puzzling
C. He used to like it.
D. He dislikes it.
1. BD
2. C
3. D
4. C
5. A
4. 高考词义猜测题解题技巧
一、常见题型：
1) The underlined word “……” refers to/means_____.
2) What did the writer mean when he said “ …”?
3) What do you think the expression “…...”stands for?
4) “...”as used in the passage can best be defined as ______.
5) When he says “……”, the writer means that___________.
6 ) “…” as used in the passage can best be defined as _________?
7) Which of the following words can take the place of the word “……”?
二、技巧总结
1、根据构词法：派生、转化、合成
①派生：由一个词根加前缀或后缀构成新单词
例：Most women in Ghana--- the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old--- work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved.
The underlined w
A. Repeated
B. reiterated.
C. uneducated
D. sick
②转化: 由某一词性转化成另一词性, 其意义也发生变化。
例：I was asked to minute（v. 为……计时）the race.
③合成：由两个或两个以上单词组成一个新单词。
例：We must safeguard the world peace.
A. protect
B. care
C. prevent
D. to keep safe with gun
2、根据定义或解释
线索词：be, mean, refer to, be called, can be defined as,be known as, in other words, that is , that
is to say，定语从句或同位语从句等
例1：Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots (嫩芽）, or young leaves of trees.
The underlined word “pruning” means________.
A. Regular cutting of the plants
B. Frequent watering
C. Regular use of chemicals
D. Growing the plants high in the mountain
例2：Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. That is to say, if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back.
B. keeps its shape
C. still stays solid
D. is beyond reach
3、根据同义词、同位语、反义词
线索词: or, such as, the same as等
例1：The largest player – Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices, such as deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite of the tourists.
A. cars in the making
B. car rental firms
例2：Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them-- a form of favoritism will replace equality.
The word “favoritism”is used to describe the phenomenon that ________.
D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success
例3：Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1874 inEdinburgh, Scotland. His father was an expert inphonetics（语音学）,the study of the sounds of language.
例4：If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent（不同意）, write “No”.
4、根据举例
线索词：for example, for instance, include, like/unlike等
例：Unlike her gregarious（爱交际的）sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.
5、根据对比
线索词but, yet, however, while, instead, otherwise,although/though, despite, by contrast)
例1：She is usually prompt (准时的) for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
例2：A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle; instead, it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.
What does the underlined word "hassle“ probably mean?
6、根据因果
线索词so…that, so, because, as，since, therefore等
例1: “The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.”
A.clean and deep
C. deep and clear
例2：I feel that since you are my superior（上司）, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .”
The underlined _______” .
A. full of respect
7、根据常识和经验
例1: In old days, when girls from rich familieswere married to their husbands, they expected tobring with themselves a large quantity of dowry(嫁妆).
例2:When a doctor performs an operation on apatient, he usually give an anesthetic（麻醉剂）to make himunconscious, because he does not want hispatient to feel pain or to know what is happeningto him.
8、根据上下文语境
例1: A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audiencetake an active part in his play:they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don’t understand something, they say so.
The underlined word “audience” in the paragraph means ____.
C. people who act on the stage
D. people who listen to something
例2：In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered undercompetitive pressures from their parents or society.
The underlined phrase “the most vocal” means______
A. Those who try their best to win
D. Those who rely on others most for success
6. 阅读理解答题补充说明
1）细节题补充：scan（扫）skim（跳），标注词语，
判断依据7个：时间then，地点above，类别kind，程序next，因果so，对比than，like，主次唯一来源，答案部分正确，符合常识但不符合原文
2）主旨题补充：
考察整体感悟能力
问题含盖：标题，大意，人物特点，结论，作者态度，下文内容。
信息在for example之前, all in all之后，或but, however之后
反映主题的多是实词，经常出现的实词可能是主题
段首为疑问句，则回答即主题。
3）推理判断补充：
推理两种方法：归纳（具体---抽象，个别---一般）演绎（一般---个别，抽象---具体，常用三论大前提—小前提---结论好人---助人---借钱）
高考的推论：对已知的联想，对未知的推测。
主要方法：抓住关键词，结合全文，归纳演绎，注意话中有话
4）猜词补充：猜词的方法：英英释义，同位，同义词反义词，描写，关联词，代词，上下文
文章结构题解题要领
1、发挥整体感悟能力，做结构题也要先了解全文的主题。
2、判断是议论文，记叙文还是说明文。
3、议论文要看是先论点后论据，还是先论据后论点。
4、记叙文常按时间顺序写。
5、说明文不一定按时间写，常按类别，区域来叙述。
6、句首的问题是为引起思考，引出主题服务的。
7、全文最后的一两句的作用是：总结全文，引出下文。
8、借助连接词语做题。如强调点常在but, however等后面。
常考问题总结：主旨大意题
1. The story mainly tells us ________.
2. From the passage we know that ________.
3. The writer wants to tell us ________.
细节理解题
1 What is the book about?
2 When did the man come back?
3. The right order which gives us examples is ________.
推理判断题
1. We can infer from the passage ________.
2. From the passage, we can tell ________.
3. We can conclude from the passage ________.
4. What probably happened in the end?
5. When he said, “…”, he meant ________.
6. This passage would most likely to be found in ________.
7. When the writer says … he really means ________.
8. The author’s attitude to… is that ________.
9. What kind of atmospheredoes the writer want to create in this passage?
10. The writer’s purpose in writing this article is ________.
猜测词义句义题
1. The word… in paragraph… refers to ________.
2. The underlined word “…” means ________.
3. The word “…” could be replaced by ________.
长句分析
Many people find it helpful to plan each week a seven day timetable showing the occasions on which they will be working privately and the particular subjects that they will be studying on each occasion as a result of great pressure they face with the rapid development of modern industry and agriculture.
阅读新题型7选5
一）考纲解读
本题型与以往考过的补全对话有相似之处，但又不完全一样，它是在短文中考查，而不是在对话中考查阅读与推理判断。它要求在准确阅读的基础上，将所缺的句子，而不是单个词，补上，使全文通顺，逻辑合理。
二）核心考点
1. 在缺句子的情况下，能基本理解全文大意。
2. 准确分析各选项的含义。
3. 逻辑推理能力。
4. 对文脉的把握。
三）方法：统一性；一致性。Tie？
1. 框架结构法；
2.中心统一法；
3. 替代法；
4.指代法；5 平行结构法；6. 逻辑法；
完形填空题型的命题趋势
完形填空注重在语境中考查词汇的运用，尤其是同义词或是近义词在300词左右的文章中如何根据语篇内容的需要来比较取舍。因此，答案有的由一个句子决定，有的由相邻不远的一组句子决定，有的则由语篇内容综合来决定。但是，从对近几年的高考试题分析来看，语篇层次设空的比例有所增加，超过了三分之一，反映出“突出语篇”的命题思路。命题者在设计完形填空题时，总是保留一个完整或基本完整的句子不设空，其目的在于让考生迅速进入主题，是为理解文章奠定基础。这个不没空的句子出现在文章的开头，起到提示作用。通过提示句，考生可以确定文章的话题、主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等，也可以确定文体，从而适当地把握文章的发展方向，达到顺利“完形”的目的。文章的其余部分也可能出现一些不设空的句子，或者即使设空、但主干作为提示句。文章标题和插图也都能起到提示的作用。因此，把握好文章提示句，通过已知信息捕捉未知信息，是我们接完形填空的关键所在。
命题特点
很多同学苦于完形填空没有合适的解题方法。常常听到同学们大考之后说“完形填空让我郁闷”。到底完形填空怎么做？用什么样的方法好？是师生共同探讨的问题。很多专家老师都对完形填空做过技巧方面的指导，说的也很是明白。但同学们还是在解题上困惑不已，拿不到高分。我想其中的因由是同学们还没认识到完形填空的考察要害，进而无从下手只有乱猜了。
知己知彼，百战不殆。我想同学们不妨和我一同来看看完形填空是怎样编出来的。了解了编题的思路，知道了设题的角度和选词的方向，我想同学们会理解我说的方法和技巧的。以下笔者选用2010年北京高考完形填空试题作为案例，总结分析高考完形填空考察的方向及规律，通过了解编题思路和角度，希望同学们从中找到适合自己的解题技巧。
I met Mrs. Neidl in the ninth grade on a stage-design team for a play and she was one of the directors. Almost instantly I loved her. She had an Unpleasant voice and a direct way of speaking, yet she was encouraging and inspiring. For some reason, she was impressed with my work and me.
Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my opinion. She wanted to know how I thought we should handle things. At first I had no idea how to answer because I knew nothing about stage design! But I slowly began to respond to her questions. It was cause and effect: She believed I had opinions, so I began to form them. She trusted me to complete things, so I completed them perfectly. She loved how reliable I was, so I began to show up to paint more and more. She believed in me, so I began to believe in myself.
Mrs. Neidl's motto that year was, "Try it. We can always paint over it later!" I began to take risks. I had been so afraid of failing but suddenly there was no failing--only things to be improved upon. I learned to dip my brush into the paint and confidently create something.
The shy, quiet freshman achieved success that year. I was recognized in the program
as "Student Art Assistant" because of the time and effort I'd put in. It was that year that I realized I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing stage design.
Being on that stage-design team with Mrs. Neidl changed me completely. Not only was I stronger and more competent than I had thought, but I also discovered a strong interest and a world I hadn't known existed. She taught me not to care what people think I should do: She taught me to take chances and not be afraid. Mrs. Neidl was my comforter when I was upset. Her trust in me has inspired me to do things that I never imagined possible.
本篇完形填空体现了一贯的命题特点：通过阅读文章让人们思考，得到一种启示。本篇文章叙述了一个故事：老师的不断鼓励和影响使作者本人获得了很大的成功。文章里讲述了老师不断的鼓励、点点滴滴的激励与一次一次的信任，永远相信文章主人公能做的很好。老师的这种言语和行为影响并改变了学生的一生。小小的故事折射出一个很大的道理：我们所有人都需要被鼓励、被信任、被永远地激励，这样我们才有动力、才有方向。故事理解起来并不难，难点在于字里行间怎么找到信息之间的联系。我们常说，二十个设题点，除了一些固定搭配以外（二十个里面一般就两三道题是固定搭配），剩下的设题点都可以在文章的上下文中找到信息依据，这是出题的特点，也是解题的依据。因此，在设题时我们得先找到字里行间有能够推出答案的信息依据。文章如果没有充足信息，又不是社会或自然常识，我们是不可以随便挖空设题的。这就是出题规律。
36. A. and B. yet C. so D. for
37. A. opinion B. impression C. information D. intention
38. A. make B. keep C. handle D. change
39. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
40. A. questions B. comments C. explanations D. remarks
41. A. hold B. follow C. evaluate D. form
42. A. happy B. lively C. reliable D. punctual
43. A. message B. motto C. saying D. suggestion
44. A. again B. more C. instead D. later
45. A. steps B. control C. charge D. risks
46. A. improved B. acted C. looked D. reflected
47. A. easily B. carefully C. confidently D. proudly
48. A. introduced B. recognized C. identified D. considered
49. A. confirmed B. decided C. realized D. acknowledged
50. A. with B. below C. of D. by
51. A. developed B. discovered C. took D. fostered
52. A. accept B. care C. judge D. wonder
53. A. bored B. lazy C. sad D. afraid
54. A. trust B. patience C. curiosity D. interest
局，理解人意。快速浏览全文，弄清各段落之间的内在联系，把握文章的完整性以及理解作者的思想态度。只有这样才掌握了这种题型的解题思路。
I met Mrs. Neidl in the ninth grade on a stage-design team for a play and she was one of the directors.Almost instantly I loved her. (文章首句不设空，这是出题的原则之一。原因是要让学生根据首句的内容来了解文章中心，因此解题技巧一：揣摩文章首句把握文章中心。在解题时我们一定要注意首句的时态、语态及表述方式，判断文章体裁，找出文章中心，确定行文的逻辑思维，以帮助我们准确理解。)
She had an Unpleasant voice and a direct way of speaking, (36) yet she was encouraging and inspiring. (我们通过观察选项，四个词都是连词，所以必然考察上下文前后的关系。Unpleasant 和后文中的encouraging and inspiring形成对比，前后该是转折关系，yet自然最为合适。因此解题技巧二：上下连贯，合乎逻辑。捕捉信息，迅速找到语篇中特殊的内在逻辑关系，判断语句之间是哪中结构，因果、递进、转折、指代等意义的连接词或动词、形容词、副词、同位语都是由前后关系的判断而来的，还有那些明确具体的事实，如时间、地点、人物、形状、色彩、顺序，以及它们之间的联系等等。)
For some reason, she was impressed with my work and me. Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my (37) opinion. (后文中的She wanted to know how I thought……明显的是在问一种观点，而非事实。Opinion和She wanted to know how I thought即为对应关系，是opinion的判断依据。另外，后文中She believed I had opinions也出现了opinion。这正印证了前文中提到的出题规律：设题点都可以在文章的上下文中找到信息依据，这是出题的特点，也是解题的依据。)
She wanted to know how I thought we should (38)handle things. (handle这个词的选择要看下文全部内容，老师提出问题，期待我能够解决问题，就是在我一步一步解决问题的过程当中，老师的鼓励影响了我，激励了我。找不到具体的线索依据，要从文章整体理解的角度来判断。解题技巧三：从后推前，以前断后。)
At first I had no idea how to answer because I knew (39)nothing about stage design! (后文中But一词将前后语句的关系表明为对比，所以后文如果是肯定前文必然是否定，nothing的判断源于对but运用的理解。)
But I slowly began to respond to her(40)questions. (前文She wanted to know how I thought……明显的是在问一种观点，与question对应，respond to question也是个搭配。)
It was cause and effect: She believed I had opinions, so I began to (41)form them. (这里说出了一个现象：有原因就有结果，有结果就产生新的原因，之后又有新的结果，翻来覆去这样一个过程，而下面的叙述正是围绕着这个内容展开的。这就是文章的思路、脉络发展，围绕着这个线索我们去找答案。老师相信我有能够发表观点的能力，于是我开始尝试体现自己的能力。不能说老师相信我，我就有了能力，而应该是在老师的鼓励下开始一点点形成自己的观点。形成观点是一个慢慢的发展的过程。如果原来我有观点的话，我才能坚持我的观点，这样才能用动词hold或者是follow，在老师的鼓励之下我有了观点。是从无到有，而不是从有到坚持再有的过程，所以这里应该用form，而不是文章中出现的hold和follow。这道题在文章中的依据找起来不是那么的容易，它是文章隐含着的逻辑关系的理解，而且如果同学们找到了依据，又要涉及到词与词之间的辨析能力，因此同学们有了困惑了，难以判断。
解题技巧四：理解词语之间不同搭配的概念。
She trusted me to complete things, so I completed them perfectly. She loved how(42)reliable I was, so I began to show up to paint more and more. She believed in me, so I began to believe in myself.(根据文章脉络发展，接下来老师信任我能够完成所有的事情，在老师充分的信任下我非常完美的完成了这项工作。老师喜欢我什么样的品质，这是需要填出的单词，依据在后面句子so I began to show up to paint more and more. She believed in me, so I began to believe in myself 里。于是我就开始经常的出现，画得越来越多。在老师的鼓励下，我越来越愿意参加这个事情。因此，老师表扬我什么，我会越来越愿意参加这个项目呢？四个词happy，lively，reliable，punctual中reliable是人具备的一种品质，happy，lively是人该有的性格，而punctual虽然也是人具备的一种品质，但是不能因为老师表扬我的punctual我就愿意出现在这个地方，这个思路不能与全文形成了一个合理的逻辑关系。只有老师表扬了我的reliable这种品质，表现出对我的信任，鼓励了我继续在老师这里出现。这是思维发展的正常道理，这就是原因和结果的体现。)
Mrs. Neidl's (43)motto that year was, (motto="Try it. We can always paint over it later !"，很明显引号是解题的关键。
解题技巧五：不要放走任何已知信息，包括标点符号。)
"Try it. We can always paint over it (44)later !" (again强调频率，more强调数量，instead 表转折关系，而later强调时间，这里用later表达事情之后可以有弥补的机会，again只是频率的增加，无法表达出弥补的行为。)
I began to take(45)risks. (在老师名言的鼓励下不再害怕了，学生不再担心忧虑，打消自己的畏惧，敢于尝试了。这是让学生有信心，鼓励学生再去做事情。所以愿意冒险自然就是脉络发展的结果。)
I had been so afraid of failing but suddenly there was no failing--only things to be (46)improved upon. (这一段的中心是围绕打消自己内心的恐惧来展开的。因此出现了，我从此不怕失败，但不能说我不怕失败，我就是胜利了，这是不可能的。我要一步一步弥补自己的不足，我才能最终胜利；我不怕失败，但是我要进一步的改进自己、提高自己，所以应该用动词improve。这完全是脉络发展的结果，我们到这只能选这个词。)
I learned to dip my brush into the paint and (47) confidently create something. (confidently的判断源于老师的鼓励。) The shy, quiet freshman achieved success that year. I was(48)recognized in the program as "Student Art Assistant" because of the time and effort I'd put in. (recognized，identified和considered都可以和as连用，但意义不同。identify…as…把…作为…识别出来；consider…as…把…认为是…；recognized把…认作是…。这是词语之间的辨析。)
It was that year that I (49)realized I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing stage design.(realize是事情经过一个过程的结果，只有经历了过程才能总结出道理。其他词汇表现不出发展的过程，只是具体动作。这也是词语之间的辨析。解题技巧六：词语之间的辨析要根据文章的内容发展和词汇的搭配来取舍。)
Being on that stage-design team (50)with Mrs. Neidl changed me completely. (这文章中唯一一道介词的考察，不能单独的将with从语法角度来理解，with这里还是要根据上下文表达来判断：和Mrs. Neidl的共处。)
Not only was I stronger and more competent than I had thought, but I also (51) discovered a strong interest and a world I hadn't known existed. (我不仅仅变得更加强大、有能力了，而且我也发现了我的兴趣点，我也发现了我未知的世界。不用developed，took和fostered是因为这里面的重点是强调我有能力了，而且我去发掘未知的世界，发现自己的兴趣，这里考察词语搭配是否符合文章脉络发展的需要。去挖掘和探索自己的兴趣和未知世界，用discover这个动词可以和后文的a strong interest and a world搭配。后面fostered是一个新添词汇，会是同学们解题的一个障碍。) She taught me not to (52) care what people think I should do: (前文中的She believed I had opinions, so I began to form them. 和此句话互为解释。解题技巧七：瞻前顾后，先易后难。在解题过程中，我们应该遵循“先易后难”的原则，遇到少数疑难问题时不可徘徊不前。为了不影响做题速度，我们可以暂时跳过难点，去解决那些靠上下文能确定的、比较直接具体的问题。或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文户就有暗示或明确的表示，或许一个在前面不能解的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。)
She taught me to take chances and not be (53) afraid. (前文I had been so afraid of failing but suddenly there was no failing--only things to be improved upon. 中有afraid判断依据。)
Mrs. Neidl was my comforter when I was upset. Her (54)trust in me has inspired me to do things that I never imagined
(55)possible. (这是文章结尾处，一般是文章主题所在，自然判断要靠近文章中心。前文She believed I had opinions, so
I began to form them. She trusted me to complete things, so I completed them perfectly. She loved how reliable I was, so I began to show up to paint more and more. She believed in me, so I began to believe in myself.中多次提到trust，正是这种
)
态度一步一步顺理成章的一脉相承的理解下来。很多同学错误的把自己的想法添加在解题的过程中，导致和作者的思路出现冲突。为避免出现这样的错误，复查时一定要从作者态度角度考虑，着眼于全篇。特别注意的是，我们所选的是“最佳”选项而不是“正确”答案。
I met Mrs. Neidl in the ninth grade on a stage-design team for a play and she was one of the directors. Almost instantly I loved her. She had an Unpleasant voice and a direct way of speaking, yet she was encouraging and inspiring. For some reason, she was impressed with my work and me.
Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my opinion. She wanted to know how I thought we should handle things. At first I had no idea how to answer because I knew nothing about stage design! But I slowly began to respond to her questions. It was cause and effect: She believed I had opinions, so I began to form them. She trusted me to complete things, so I completed them perfectly. She loved how reliable I was, so I began to show up to paint more and more. She believed in me, so I began to believe in myself.
Mrs. Neidl's motto that year was, "Try it. We can always paint over it later !"I began to take risks. I had been so afraid of failing but suddenly there was no failing--only things to be improved upon. I learned to dip my brush into the paint and confidently create something.
The shy, quiet freshman achieved success that year. I was recognized in the program
as "Student Art Assistant" because of the time and effort I'd put in. It was that year that I realized I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing stage design.
Being on that stage-design team with Mrs. Neidl changed me completely. Not only was I stronger and more competent than I had thought, but I also discovered a strong interest and a world I hadn't known existed. She taught me not to care what people think I should do: She taught me to take chances and not be afraid. Mrs. Neidl was my comforter when I was upset. Her trust in me has inspired me to do things that I never imagined possible.
以上给同学们破解了完形填空的出题方法。当然还有一些出题的原则和角度在本文中不能全部展示。因此，我将历年高考完形填空的出题规律简略总结如下。
1. 题材多为记叙文，且第一句不设空。
2. 每题四个选项一般为相同词类，语义范畴相同；选项之间不相互包容。
3. 干扰项设计周密，无纯粹语法考查；选项的用词避免重复，扩大考查词汇的覆盖面。
4. 辨析词义，以实词为主，考查特定语境中运用词汇的能力。
5. 试题的内容，语法结构，用词造句均不超过学生水平。
6. 试题突出语篇，强调语言运用能力。
三、解题方法技巧归纳
对以上总结的规律继续进一步的分析，我们不难寻到训练完形填空的方向，找到解决完形填空试题的对策：1.短文的大意是正确答题的基础。
从每个小题的设计来看，属于句子层次(即只需读懂设空所在句便可找到答案)的题目所占比例极小。一般来说，需要通过上下文来考虑的题目每年要占70％以上，其中需要从全文角度考虑的占1／3以上，因此体现了NMET"突出语篇"的命题思路。设空分为三类：(1)前制性设空；(2)后制性设空；(3)语篇性设空。难度依次提高。
因此，解题时考生切忌没有全局观。有些小题的失误是因为考生没有充分考虑全文所描述的情景，下意识地只盯住某句话，甚至是半句话去理解所致。做题时必须始终注意联系上下文的线索去判断，有时前面的空需要根据后面所述情况，甚至是最后一句话才能得出正确答案。后面的空则需要联系前面的内容做出正确判断。从近年来的高考试题看，语篇层次设空的比例有所增加，超过了三分之一，反映出"突出语篇"的命题思路。针对这一现象,通读全文，掌握大意，理清各种角色是最好的办法。
一般的完形填空会选择记叙文。记叙文，顾名思义，就是记人叙事的文章。英语记叙文的涵盖面比较宽泛。记叙文一般具有时间(time)，地点(place)，人物(character)，事件(event)，原因(cause)和结果(outcome)六个要素。实际上就是中文的记叙文的六要素。通常有两个或两个以上的角色，作者对这些角色的态度是不一样的，即便是对同样做错事或傻事的人作者也不一定采用同样的态度来描述。
2.首先读好短文首句，把握全篇，琢磨文章要讲什么
完形填空的首句为我们提供了信息，而且是完整的信息，有时候就是第一段或整篇文章的主题句。认真阅读首句是做完形填空最重要的一步，很多考生认为第一句又没有空，我读它干什么？这种想法是错误的。完形填空一般无标题，首句作为一个完整的句子，信息从此开始。
3.读懂作者对人物或事件的态度
在高考完形填空中，也考查学生对文段作者的主导思想，被描写人物谈话中流露的情绪和性格倾向等方面的理解。要求学生要由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思。真正地理解作者的思想观点态度。特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情态度观点的词语。同时还要结合平时积累的有关英语语言国家的文化传统，风俗习惯等背景知识来识别。认真深刻地领会作者的观点态度意图。
4.注意连词的提示
对整个文章语篇水平的理解能力的考查往往通过要求考生填写相应的连接词或者同义词、反义词等方式来体现出来。只有我们对整个文章有了一个总体印象之后，我们才能做到做题时游刃有余。其他的关于文章逻辑关系,同义词和程度词之间区别的填空都与考生对作者的观点和态度以及文章的结构等综合理解水平密切相关，所以，对文章的语篇的理解是做任何一个完形填空题的基础。考查学生对某一个段落或者某几个句子之间的逻辑关系的理解和把握，尤其是句与句之间的逻辑关系的理解。句与句之间的逻辑关系主要有：并列关系(and，while)；转折关系(but, however, though, whereas, yet, otherwise, nevertheless)；顺序关系(before, after, then, finally等)；让步关系(although, despite等)；因果关系(so, thus, for等)；解释关系(i.e.，that is to say等)；条件关系(if, in case等)。递进关系(moreover, besides, furthermore, what's more, in addition to, as well as…) 5.同学们平时应该尽可能加强泛读，培养用英语思维的良好习惯，多查英语词典扩充词汇。
多用英英或英汉双解字典。这样有利于培养英语的语感。其实中英文完全等同的单词极少。若记单词只死记中文词义，则往往分辨不清其含义与用法上的区别。另外，记忆单词要在句子中去理解，在文章当中体会其应用。命题人通常利用汉语词义相近的一些单词设计选项，所以考生应该通过增强自己的语感，准确理解词义来答题。
综上所述，完形填空作为一种综合性测试题型，覆盖了词汇，语法，阅读理解，写作等考试目标的全部内容。练习完形填空就是进行强制性的阅读训练，逐步培养边读边预测或猜测，验证或推理的积极思维的良好阅读习惯，还能逐步掌握猜词的策略，最终使得猜测演变成为下意识的心理活动,从而促成良好的阅读习惯。在备考期间，大量练习完形填空，体会完形填空的解题思路和技巧，只有大量的语言实践之后，才能提高应试能力，不仅能提高这部分的得分，更重要的是有助于提高其它题型的得分，还能养成良好的学习习惯，全面提高英语水平。
英语应用文写作虽然难度不大，但对中学生来说不一定很容易，很多学生缺乏真实生活体验，没有做事经历或经验，不擅长交际性强的应用文写作。而且，之前练习的都是议论性的开放作文，从语言储备上，对应用文写作储
备不足。在下一阶段的复习应该帮助学生系统复习应用文写法和常见表达法或句式的使用。
1.书面表达七忌
一、忌跑题
任何作文之大忌莫过于跑题，因而，文不对题的作文失分最严重。往往表现为文体与要求不和、内容与要求不和、忽略细节要求。因此，同学们应仔细审题，并抓住所要表达的各个内容要点，切不可捕风捉影、粗枝大叶。为慎重起见，审题时首先要弄清题目的主要内容是什么，然后再考虑一下该用什么形式来表达，是书信、日记还是通知、小故事等等，做到胸中有数。
二、忌层次不清，前后脱节
审完题后，不少同学们虽已知道了要写的内容，却不能合理地组织所给的材料，东一句、西一句，写得支离破碎，文理不通，让人不知所云。要避免这一现象，同学们最好能迅速地列出要点，在这个过程中，要考虑一下先写什么，后写什么，句与句之间，段与段之间最好能使用一些能清晰表达逻辑结构的连接词或句子，如first of all , above all , secondly , next , besides , in a word , at last , the most important point is that…等等，使文章过渡自然、流畅，做到前后连贯、层次分明、有条不紊。
三、忌喧宾夺主，画蛇添足
书面表达必须严格按试题所提供的要求去写，需要表达的内容要点不可偷工减料、随便删减，也不能随意增添。切不可凭自己的想象任意发挥，下笔千言，离题万里，把没用的内容写了很多，却漏掉了规定的内容、要点，或把次要的内容当作主要内容来写，主次不分。也有的同学们把没有必要写的东西写得过多，超过了规定字数，结果弄巧成拙，也是要扣分的。
四、忌生编硬造，表达不清
有些同学们常常不顾英语语法的习惯表达，自行编出一些貌似正确，实则错误的词组或句子。例如：想表达“我不知道要怎样对付那台收音机”时，会写出“I don’t know how to do with the radio”，而正确的表达应是“I don’t know what to do with the radio”。在写英语句子时为了表达准确，要尽量避免语法、词汇及拼写方面的错误。使用动词时，应注意语态、时态在人称和数上与主语的一致。应注意名词使用中的单、复数问题，是否要用冠词以及形容词或副词在句中的位置问题，介词的搭配问题等。使用复合语句时尤其要注意关联词的适当应用，如because , although , no matter , both…and , either…or , not only…but also等等。
五、忌死钻“牛角尖”
钻“牛角尖”不能自拔，一会导致浪费时间，二会造成句意表达不准确，三会影响做题情绪。因此，一定要有灵活性，在牢固掌握基本知识和句型的基础上，应尽量做到较高层次上的僵而不死，活而不乱。例如：想表达“准备”，而又不会“prepare”时，可用短语“get ready to”来代替。
六、忌不做检查，草草结束
写出来的东西，很可能有不正确、不恰当的地方，因此，在答完卷时，至少应从以下几个方面认真检查：1．看叙事是否具体，是否符合中心需要, 对照题目要求，看全部要点是否都已包括进去，有无遗漏或误解。2．看段落是否分明，层次是否清楚。
3．看句子是否完整、连贯、通顺，语句是否有毛病。
4．看是否运用了较多的语法结构和词汇。
5．看是否有效使用了语句间的连接成分。
6．看内容要点有无遗漏，是否精练。
7．看句子是否有动词，时态语态是否正确，主谓是否一致。
8．看标点符号的使用是否正确。
9．文体格式是否正确规范.
另外，做书面表达题时，同学们还应注意下面五个问题：
1.文体、格式一定要写准。日记、通知、书信都有它特有的格式，不可混杂。
2.书面表达题如果是控制性写作，不要脱离要点、随心所欲地乱写，也不能按照提示逐字逐句地翻译。
3.不要乱用词句，尤其应避免用汉语的习惯去堆砌词汇，应使用地道的英语表达方式。
4.切忌把书面表达题放在最后几分钟来做。考试时间非常紧张，必须科学地分配时间，有的同学们前面的试题耗时
太多，以致在考试结束铃响了时才匆匆忙忙地去写几句，这乃同学们之大忌。
5.誊写到答卷纸上时，一定要注意书写必须整洁、规范，尽量美观。因为书面表达是主观性试题，在实际评卷中，
它的评分结果常受到评卷人情绪及第一印象的影响，更何况新的评分标准明确规定了对书写的要求。
总之，对照新的评分标准，同学们在做书面表达题时，应摒弃“只求达，不求雅”的传统观念，大胆运用复杂句式（但不可滥用），尽量使用不同的句子结构，努力确保行文的连贯流畅。
七、忌不美观整洁的书写
对于英语学科，最能体现同学们卷面水准的应算是该题型。该题型是指导性作文，内容几乎是千篇一律，而不像语文作文那样会更多地产生漂亮的语言。如何抓住阅卷人的心理，使他们乐意阅卷，愿意给分呢。该题型的外表———书写，应该是第一要素。千万不要让阅卷人阅了别人的上份卷后（很漂亮整洁），“哗“地翻到你这份卷，突然心里产生了很大的落差，这样结果就不太妙，试想：谁愿意在那种环境下接受一份表面糟糕的试卷？记住：每一位阅卷老师也是具有强烈情感的常人！
如何做到卷面书写过关？我想，好多同学由于初中刚学英语时任课老师的不严格要求，导致进入高中，特别是高三后，基本上是木已成舟，大幅度的改变很难，但我们可以从另一方面来突破。不可能每位同学的字母都写得非常到位、漂亮，但原则上要做到工整、清洁，突出整体美感，即平时多使用与高考相接近的两线格作业本来进行这方面的英语作文训练，尽量少使用四线格作业本。另外，注意每个单词内字母与字母的间距，不能太小，扭成一团；单词与单词的间距，不要太宽，导致规定的格子不够写。特别是一些字母，如f、g、q、p等需写得稍长的字母，千万也不要拖拉得太长，导致给人一种凌乱的感觉。至于用笔，也会或多或少地影响卷面，如使用圆珠笔，需选好，使用流畅明晰的笔，不要用那种下油不均的笔，给人一种模糊不清之感。如果书写不够非常漂亮，最好少使用黑水，多用蓝水。另外，还要注意不同钢笔尖所写出来的字粗细程度不同，这要依照自己一贯写出来的单词大小来决定。
2. 书面表达常用短语
一、学校生活及学习成绩类
be absorbed in…对……入迷
bury oneself in…对……入迷
give an excellent performance before the whole class
在全班面前好好表现一番
acquire (obtain) knowledge学习知识
put one’s heart into…一心扑在……上
be interested in…对……感兴趣
be fond of…喜欢/爱好……
like chemistry best最喜欢化学
be good at…擅长……
be poor at…不擅长……
do well in…（在考试、竞赛中）取得好成绩；不得不错be weak in…不擅长……
make progress in…在……方面取得进步
fail in…考试不及格
be tired of…对……感到厌烦/厌倦
pass the examination通过考试major in history主修历史
be getting on well with one’s study
（某人）学业进展得很好
take several courses at school在学校上几门课
have English(Chinese, Physics…)every (other)day
每天（隔一天）上英语（中文、物理）课……
work hard at (Physics, Chemistry)…努力学习（物理、化学）He has the best record in school.他的学习成绩最棒。
live up to one’s hope不辜负某人的期望
get a doctor’s degree获得博士学位
be interested in sth.对……感兴趣
learn about…
学习到/知道（某学科知识）/听到，听说/获悉/了解到succeed in…
在（某方面）成功；在（在某事）上获得成功
be active in class(work)在课堂上（工作中）表现积极take an active part in…积极参加……
learn sth. by heart谙记某事，牢记在心
work out a (maths)problem解决一个（数学）问题improve oneself in…在某方面提高自己
get 90 marks for (English)(英语)考试取得90分get an” A” in the exam在考试中得到“A”have a good command of…精通……
lay a good foundation in(language study)
在（语言学习）方面奠定一个好的基础
二、师生关系类
give sb. a passing grade给予某人及格的分数examine the students’ homework检查学生的作业stand on the platform站在讲台上
get on well with sb.与某人相处得很好
raise a question提问
like to be with student喜欢与学生相处
be gentle with us对我们很友善
be kind to sb.对某人和蔼
be a strict teacher是一个严厉的老师
be strict with one’s pupils对学生要求严格
be strict in work对工作要求严格
We think of(sb./sth.)as…把（某人或某事）当作……help sb. with sth.用……帮助某人
praise sb. for sth.由于某事赞扬某人
blame sb. for sth.为（某事）责备某人
give sb. advice on sth.在……方面给某人建议question sb. on…就……质问某人
be satisfied with…对……满意
correct the students’ homework carefully and prepare for the next day仔细批改学生的作业并为明天备课
give sb. a lot of work给某人很多工作
try to teach sb. to develop good study habits
努力教某人养成良好的学习习惯
make one’s lessons lively and interesting
使课堂生动并且吸引人
teach sb. sth.教某人某事
teach sb to do sth.教某人做某事
devote all one’s time to work
将自己所有的时间都投入工作之中
admire (sb. for)his devotion to the cause of education
佩服某人对于教育事业的献身精神
三、课外活动及周末生活类
have a swim游泳
have dances on weekends参加周末舞会
have a picnic over the weekend周末去野餐
go to the cinema去看电影
have a party聚会，开晚会
hold a sports meeting举行运动会
spend one’s time in many different ways
以多种不同的方式消磨时间
enjoy doing things by oneself喜欢独自做某事go swimming 去游泳
go for an outing去远足
have an outing at (the seashore)去（海边）度假see the sights of Beijing 在北京观光
play the piano(violin)弹钢琴（小提琴）play chess (basketball)下棋（打篮球）
do some reading阅读
help sb. do sth.帮助某人做某事
enjoy a family trip享受一次家庭旅游
get everything ready for为……准备做好一切
ride one’s bike with sb. the park与某人骑车去公园There are a lot of actives at the beach.海滨有很多活动。We enjoy a change from our busy life in the city.
我们享受一种都市繁忙生活之外的变化。
She would like to bring sth. to the picnic.
她愿意为野餐带点东西。
It was a very relaxing Sunday.这是一个很轻松的星期日。There are good programs on TV on weekends
周末有好的电视节目
四、彼此沟通信息类
tell sb to do sth.告诉某人做某事
get information about…了解……
express one’s idea（feelings）in English
用英语表达自己的思想（情感）
write sb a letter saying…给某人写信说……apologize to sb. for…为……向某人道歉
thank you for…感谢你……
make a speech at the meeting在会议上发表讲演take a message for sb.给某人带口信
send a message to sb.给某人送口信
hear from sb.从（某人处）听说，收到某人的信talk about /of sth.谈论某事
explain sth. to do向某人解释某事
look upon sb as…把某人认作……
think sb. to be…认为某人是……
take sb’s side站在某人一边；支持某人
五、事件中人的态度类
feel bored(embarrassed, nervous, carefree)
觉得很枯燥（尴尬、紧张、无忧无虑）
would like to do愿意做某事
be unforgettable是难以忘怀的
show sb one’s thanks表示感谢
have fears for感到害怕
My heart beats fast.心跳加速
hesitate for a few minutes犹豫了几分钟
give sb a meaningful smile冲某人意味深长的一笑allow sb. to do允许某人做某事
keep/prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事call on sb. to do sth.号召某人做某事
be afraid to do(be afraid of )sth.害怕/担心某事feel like doing sth.愿意做……insist on doing sth.坚持做某事
drive sb. off赶走某人
speak highly of sb.高度赞扬某人
speak ill of sb.诽谤某人
think highly of sb.对某人评价很高
force sb. to do sth.强迫某人做某事
offer to do sth.主动提出做某事
refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事
agree to do sth.同意做某事
regret doing sth.遗憾做过某事
prefer to do A rather than do B喜欢做A胜过做B had better do sth.最好做某事
would rather(not)do sth.更（不）愿意做某事
六、事情过程类
be woken up by the telephone被电话吵醒
set out without a delay一点没耽误地出发了
do. sth as usual像平常一样做某事
do what he wants us to do做他想让我们做的事
set about doing sth.开始做某事
try one’s best to do sth.=go all out to do sth.尽力做某事get into trouble陷入困境
help sb. out 帮助某人解决困难；帮忙
do one’s bit for New China为新中国做份内之事
have the habit of doing sth.有做某事的习惯
have no trouble doing sth.做某事没困难
make up one’s mind to do sth.下决心做某事
prepare sb. for sth.准备/预备让某人干某事
give up doing sth.放弃做某事
wait for sb. to do sth.等待某人去做某事
find a way to do sth.找到做某事的方法make friends with sb.与某人交朋友
show(tell)sb. how to do sth.
向某人展示（讲述）如何做某事
take(send)sb to…带（送）某人到……
I’m trying to find…我正努力发现……
I’m afraid we are out of…我担心我们失去……
pass the time doing sth.做某事消磨时间
fell a little excited about doing sth.
对做某事感到有点兴奋
can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事
do some good deeds to people为人民做好事
be prepared for more hard work
准备好应付更多的艰苦的工作
Some are doing A, other are doing B, and still others are doing C.一些人做A，另外一些人做B，还有一些人做C。
七、感官活动与思维活动类
be pleased with…对……感到高兴
be delighted in doing…做某事很愉快
take a pleasure in doing sth.作某事很高兴
be worried about sth.担心某事
feel surprised at…对……感到惊讶
be sorry for…对……抱歉
be angry with sb. for sth.为某事对某人发怒
be angry about…为某事生气
look forward to doing…期盼做某事
wish to do sth.希望做某事
expect to do sth.期待做某事
long for(long to do)sth.渴望做某事
be sick for one’s home怀念家乡
have a strong desire to do sth.对做某事有强烈的愿望look around for…（在某地）查找/搜寻……
look up (down)at…往上（朝下）看……
catch sight of…看见……
take a look at…看一眼……
hear sb. do(doing)sth.听某人做某事
take notice of…注意到……
take view of…评价某事（某物）
have a good understanding of…对……能很好地理解consider sb.(sth.)to be…
认为某人（某物）是……；把…当作某人（某物）come to know…开始认识到……
realize that+从句认识到……
know that+从句知道……
八、健康状况及治疗类
develop a disease得病
enjoy good health身体健康
be in good shape身体好
be in good(poor)health身体健康（不健康）feel weak(well, terrible, sick)
感到身体虚弱（不错，糟糕，恶心）
have got a high(slight)fever发高（低）烧
have a slight (bad)cold得了轻微（严重）的感冒take one’s temperature量体温
have got a pain in…（身体某部位）感到疼痛be good(bad)for one’s health(eyes)
对某人的健康（视力）有益（害）
It’s nothing serious.没什么严重的。
stay in bed until…躺在床上一直到……save one’s life救某人的性命
九、信件开头常用语类
I was delighted to receive your letter.很高兴收到你的来信
Your letter came to me this morning.我今天上午收到了你的来信
It was a great pleasure to learn that you’ve been collected president of the Student Union, and I would like to express to my warmest congratulations.听说他当选学生会主席，我非常高兴并向你表示最热烈的祝贺。
I have received your letter of July the 29th.我已经收到了你7月29号的来信。
I’m writing to you about the lecture to be given next Monday.我给你写信是想打听下星期一讲座的事。
I’m writing to ask if you can come next week.我给你写信是想问你下个星期能不能来？
How time flies! It’s three months since I saw you last.光阴似箭，我们已经三个月没见面了。
Thank you for your letter.谢谢你给我写的信。
In reply to your letter about the exhibition this year…现在回答你信中关于今年的展览事宜
Let me tell you that…让我告诉你……
十、信件结尾常用语类
Tom joins me in sending all good wishes to you and your family.我和汤姆祝福你们全家。
I imagine we’ll see you again, so I’ll end for now.我想我们很快就会见面的，就写到这儿吧。
Please remember me to your whole family.请代我向你全家问好。
Give my best regards(wishes)to your mother.请代我向你妈妈致意。
Best wishes致以最良好的祝愿。
With love爱你的
Wish you a pleasant journey.祝你旅途愉快。
Wish you success.祝你成功。
Wish you the best of health(luck).祝你健康（好运）。
Looking forward to your next visit to China.盼望你再次访问中国。
Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you.盼望能够高兴地见到你。
Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.希望能尽快收到你的来信。
十一、问路和应答类
Go down this street.沿这条街道向前走。
Turn right/left at the first crossing.
在第一个十字路口向右/左拐。
It’s about…meters from here. 距此地有……米远。Go straight ahead till you see…一直往前走，直到你看见……
You can’t miss it.你一定会找到的。at front of/behind…在……之前/之后at the corner在拐角处
Pass two blocks.经过两个街区
十二、其他类
There is something wrong with………有问题It happens that…碰巧……
It has been… since…自……以来已经……It take sb. some time to do sth.某人花费一些时间做某事A is four times as big as B.A是B的4倍大。
It is said that… 据说……
be fit for…适合于……
be short of缺乏
be well dressed打扮得很漂亮
miss the lecture（train）错过演讲（火车）
be busy doing sth.忙于做某事change…into…把……变成
waste time doing sth.浪费时间做某事
spend time doing sth.花费时间做某事
have no choice but to do sth.除了做某事外，别无选择I can’t help it.我无法抑制自己。be in need of…需要/缺少……
be mistaken about…把……搞错
fall behind落后于（……）
catch up with…紧跟/追赶……
on behalf of代表
be welcome to do sth.欢迎做某事
Running, cycling and swimming are popular in summer.跑步、骑自行车和游泳在夏天很受欢迎。
Skiing and skating are my favorite winter sports.
滑雪和滑冰是我最喜欢的冬季体育项目。
3.文章流畅的关键
文章层次分明、段落连贯需要过渡词。过度词可以承上启下表明句子之间的关系。
几种常用的过渡词，根据需要我们可将它们置于句首、句中或句末。
写作中常用过渡语：
一、文章及段落结尾常用的过渡词语
1．therefore, thus,“因此”
例（1）Therefore, it takes longer time and more energy to communicate in written English than in oral English.例（2）Thus, taking morning exercises regularly may reduce the chances of getting sick.
2.in conclusion,“最后”
例（1）In conclusion, the international agreement should be made to prevent the world from the war.
例（2）In conclusion, universities should give larger amount of money to libraries.
3.in brief, in a nutshell,“简言之”
例（1）In brief, birth control is of vital importance in China.
例（2）In a nutshell, we should develop a good habit of study.
4.to sum up,“总而言之”
例（1）To sum up ,out of sight, out of mind.
例（2）To sum up, equality continues to be the goal of the world women.
5.in a word,“总之”
例（1）In a word, country life is more beneficial to city life
例（2）In a word, exceptional children are different in some significant ways from others of the same age.注：要避免在这些短语之前用“so”！
二、常见的表示先后次序的过渡词语
1.first,“第一”
2.second,“第二”
3.next,“其次”“然后”
4.eventually,“最后”、“最终”
5.since then,“自此之后”
6.afterward,“以后”、“随后”
7.meanwhile,“同时”
8.therefore,“因而”
9.immediately,“立刻”
例（1）Meanwhile ,the better skills and knowledge children possess, the more opportunities they will be ensued.例（2）Afterward, they began to examine more closely the working of human mind.
例（3）The investment environment has been improved; therefore, joint ventures boost in this country.
例（4）Since then, the Olympics turned out to be an instrument of peace and freedom for small nations.
例（5）Finally, the country must not again go through the war.
三、常见的表示因果关系的过渡词语
1.accordingly,“于是”
2.for this reason,“由于这个原因”
3.as a result,“由……结果……”
4.in this way,“这样”
5.consequently,“结果”、“因此”
6.so,“所以”
7.due to,“由于……”8.therefore,“因而”
9.because of,“因为”
10.thus,“这样”
例（1）The computer cost a lot of money, accordingly, it should perform perfectly.
例（2）It rained, for this reason, the game was cancelled.
例（3）As a result of his good performance in the college, he was given an excellent job.
例（4）Due to the change, a visit to the factory has been cancelled.
例（5）The government was unwilling to risk a conflict with that country, and consequently, promised to sign the treaty.
四、常用比较和对比的过渡词语
1.in contrast with…,“与之相比”
2.similarly,“同样”
3.whereas,“然而”
4.on the contrary,“相反”
5.different from…,“与……不同”
6.likewise,“同样”
7.equally important,“同样重要”
8.on the other hand.“另一方面”
例（1）Plenty of food must be packed for the journey; similarly, warm clothes will also be needed.例（2）I, on the contrary, envy you because you can choose your work.
例（3）The annual death rate in U.S. is 11 per 1000, whereas that of Latin America is 23 per 1000.例（4）In contrast with your belief that we shall fail, I know we shall succeed.
例（5）Different from Jane, Mary is interested in maths.
五、常用表示举例的过渡词
1.a case in point,“恰当的例子”
2.for example,“举例”
https://www.doczj.com/doc/079664176.html,ly（等于“that is”）“即，这就是说”
4.for instance,“举例”
例（1）The means of production, namely, factories, mines and land should be improved.例（2）A lot of people here, like Tom for example, would rather stay at home watching TV.例（3）A case in point is the water control project along the Yangtze River.
六、常用表示强调的过渡词语
1.furthermore,“此外”
2.moreover,“而且”
3.besides,“此外”
4.in fact,“实际上”
5.also“而且”、“也”
6.indeed,“的确”
7.again,“另外”、“还”
8.in particular,“尤其，特别”
9.naturally,“当然，自然，必然”
例（1）Her intentions were good. Besides, it was pleasant to be with her.
例（2）Naturally, he denied that he had committed the crime.
例（3）In fact, every one needs friends both in his life and work.
例（4）The house isn’t big enough for us; furthermore, it is too far from the town.
例（5）Bicycling is a good exercise; moreover, it doesn’t pollute the air.
4.使句子多样化的技巧
一篇文章不能使用有限的几个句型，那会使文章单调；而使用多种多样的句型能使文章具有节奏感、新鲜感。
一、强调的使用
强调句是通过调整句子语序而达到强调目的的。
借助一些加强词可起到强调作用。利用修辞手法加强句子，如夸张、重复、对偶、反语等。
我们留下或离开都一样。
It is a point of honor with the customer not to let the shopkeeper guess what it is she really likes．
必背02 高考常考动词短语1．add up to加起来是……；表示 add to增加；加入，加到 add...to...把……加到……上 add up加起来 add that...补充说…… 2．can’t bear doing/to do sth.不能忍受做某事 can’t bear sb./sb.’s doing/to do sth.不能忍受某人做某事bear a heavy burden肩负重担 bear responsibility/the blame承担责任/受责备 3．break out爆发 break in打断；破门而入 break into闯入；强行闯入 break away from脱离 break down (机器、车辆)出毛病；摧毁；分解 break through突破 break off折断；中断；突然停止 break up解散；破碎 4．bring up培养；抚养；教育；提出；呕吐 bring about引起；产生；导致；带来 bring sth. back归还；使想起某事 bring down带下，运下，搬下；使倒下；使倒台；使降低 bring in引入；赚(钱) 5．call on拜访(某人)；号召 call at停靠；(短时间)访问 call for需要；要求；邀请；提倡 call in召集；召来 call up给……打电话；召集；使想起 6．come along跟着来；快点 come out出来；出版
come true实现 come back to life苏醒过来 come to the point说到要点，触及问题实质 come about发生，造成 come across偶遇 come to light为人所知，显露 come up走近；上升；被提出 come on快点；开始 come over过来 come up with提出；想出 7．come into use开始被使用 come into sight/view出现在眼前；映入眼帘 come into power/office就职，上台执政 come into existence开始存在；形成 come into effect/force/operation开始生效/执行/实施8．cut down削减；砍倒 cut in插嘴；超车；插入 cut up切碎；抨击 cut out删除 cut through刺穿；抄近路走过 cut off切断；中断；使死亡 9．die out灭亡；逐渐消失 die away (声音、光线等)逐渐消失 die of/from因……而死 die down减弱；平息 die off相继死亡 be dying for很想要；渴望 be dying to do sth.极想做某事 10．come to an end结束 put/bring sth.to an end结束……
箴言中学2016届高三英语高考考前指导 同学们： 高考的钟声即将敲响，号角即将响起！经过高三阶段系统、全面的复习，你们在英语方面取得了很大的进步。其实，复习到现在，你们已经准备得相当充分了，只要你充满信心走进考场，胜利就在向你招手。 在考试前认真反思一下各个题型的答题技巧比做几道练习更重要。长风破浪，直济沧海；蟾宫折桂，舍我其谁？就让我们跺掉脚上的灰尘，拍着自己坚实的胸膛，向高考宣战！预祝大家在2013年高考中超越自我，创造六月辉煌！ 一．听力 英语考试的考前技巧：考生在英语考试之前听10分钟左右的英语磁带。如果没有可能就读10-15分钟左右的英语课文。这叫“英语热身”。这样考试时就可迅速进入英语思维。1．听力： 注意重点词句 1）重视试听，熟悉朗读者的语音语调、音质、语速（不一定完全听懂）。一经开考，就能迅速自然地进入状态。 2）预览问题，大胆猜测，带着问题听。 3）听时做简单记录，如数字、地名、人名。 4）学会抓住关键词语，学会预测。 5）回答概括中心的题，注意重点词(反复出现的词)，重点句(尤其是首尾句)。 6）根据单词重音、句子重音、语调语速的变化判断句意。 补充材料 1．放松放松情绪和集中精力并不矛盾，过于紧张的情绪有碍考生的正常发挥；反之，放松一下情绪，比如考前的深呼吸或闭目片刻都可使考生心情平静下来，一旦开始播音，考生便很容易进入答题状态。 2．预览考生应充分利用播音前及中间间歇时间预览听力题的题干和选项，并对听力材料的话题内容进行预测，这是考生在听力测试中应掌握的一个重要步骤。 3．预测 （1）听前预测 ①根据题干信息进行预测语言交际离不开语境。比如：在学校，常出现教师和学生 的谈话，谈论内容通常为学习、考试、作业等问题；在医院，常出现医生和病人的谈话，谈论内容多为病情、治疗、健康等问题。如果我们从题干中获取了某些方面的信息，就可以预测对话的语境、人物身份及对话的大体内容。这种方法尤其适用于回答询问对话发生的地点、谈话人之间的关系及各自职业的试题。 ②抓住关键词进行预测对于一些询问说话人行为状态、事件原因以及推断性的题目 来说，所给选项的句子一般较长，成分也较复杂，预测语言信息较难。对这类题目可采用比较选项，分清相同点与不同点，特别要注意各选项中重复出现的关键词汇，从关键词入手，对要听的内容进行预测。 （2）听中预测 ①根据关联词进行预测使用不同的关联词可导致表达的内容迥然不同。 4．答题原则
考前必背：熟词生意1. absent adj.茫然的，恍惚的(熟义：adj.缺席的) She looked at the picture in an absent way. 2. ache v. 渴望(熟义：v.& n. 疼痛) Having left for ages，he was aching for home. 3. address vt.发表演说(熟义：n.地址；v.写地址) The president will address his speech at 3：00 pm. 4. against prep.映衬(熟义：prep.逆着，反对；倚，靠；碰) The picture looks nice against the white wall. 5. attend v. 看护；治疗；陪同(熟义：v.出席；参加) The nurse attended to him day and night. 6. available adj.(人)有空的(熟义：adj.可得到的；可找到的) The professor is now available. 7. blank adj.没表情的；空虚的；没兴趣的(熟义：adj.空白的；n.空白) The stranger returned my greeting with a blank look. 8. blue adj.忧伤的(熟义：adj.& n. 蓝色) His songs always make me feel blue. 9. cloudy adj.不明朗的，不清晰的(熟义：adj.阴的，多云的) Who will take his place still remains cloudy. 10. coach v. 辅导，指导(熟义：n.教练) She coached me in playing football. 11. count vt.有价值，重要(熟义：n.& v. 计算，数) It is not how much you read but what you read that counts. 12. course n. 一道菜(熟义：n.课程；过程) The courses vary with seasons. 13. cross adj.生气的(熟义：v.跨越，横穿；n.十字) Don’t be cross with him—after all，he is a child. 14. desert v. 抛弃，离弃(熟义：n.沙漠) He deserted his wife and children and went abroad. 15. develop v. 冲印(熟义：v.发展；开发；研制)
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1、The UK’s Best Theme Parks Drayton Manor Theme Park, Staffordshire The new Tamarin Trail takes adventurers through beautiful gardens, allowing kids and adults to come face-to-face with a troop of monkeys. The park is also home to Europe's only Thoma s Land, which last year underwent a ￡ 2. 5m expansion, including new rides. There are thrilling rides, including the stand-up roller coaster, Shockwave, and the 54-metre drop tower, Apocalypse. Adults from ￡ 15, children from ￡ 10(under-2s free). Thorpe Park, Surrey All aboard Derren Brown's Ghost Train which opened in July 2016. This 10—15 minute train journey includes exciting live-action performances, 4D special effects and so on. Also new is ’’ I’m a Celebrity... Maze(迷宫)",and there are some of the highest and fastest rides in Europe here too. Adults from ￡ 28, children from ￡ 24 (under-3s free). Warwick Castle, Warwickshire Although not officially a theme park, this medieval castle offers history, magic, myth and adventure to suit all ages, and is now home to the UK's first fully-interactive multi-sensory Horrible Histories Maze, giving visitors a fascinating experience of getting lost in time. From July, you can sleep over in the new riverside Middle-Ages-themed woodland cottages of Knig ht’s Village. From ￡ 31 ( under-3s free). Chessington World of Adventures, Surrey Following the Pandamonium live show in 2016, last year saw The Gruffalo River Ride Adventure open at Chessington, which has over 40 rides and attractions. Kides include Dragon Falls, Safari Skyway, Toadies Crazy Cars and Runaway Train. From ￡ 29(under-3s free). 1.Where are animal-loving children probably advised to go? A.Warwick Castle. B.Thorpe Park. C.Drayton Manor Theme Park.
高考英语考前必背优秀作文 一：假定你是李华。近日有网友在推特贴出了中国大妈带领美国大妈在新泽西大跳广场舞的照片，你的美国朋友David看过后，很想了解中国流行的广场舞（square dance）的相关情况。请你用英语给他写封回信，要点包括： 1)广场舞跳的时间、地点、参与人员等； 2)广场舞流行的原因； Dear David, I am writing to tell you something about the square dance in China. As can be seen from the name, square dance usually takes place at the square, where there is large space for lots of people to get together. In the morning or after dinner, people, especially elderly women, will gather in squares to dance to popular music. With its popularity, more and more young people are also joining in . There are many reasons behind its popularity. First of all, with social and economical development people have more time and energy to enjoy and relax themselves . Besides, i t provides people with a platform to make new friends and doing the square dance is a good way for people to keep fit. If you want to know more about the square dance ,welcome to China to experience it by yourself. Li Hua 二、假设你是李华，你的朋友Tom 刚被牛津大学录取，邀请你去参加今周六举行的庆祝party,你刚好不能参加，请回信说明理由。内容要点： 1. 祝贺录取 2. 不能前往的原因 3. 祝福 Dear Tom, Congratulations on your being admitted to Oxford University! I’m grateful and honored to be invited to your celebration party to be held this Saturday evening. However, much to my regret, I have to decline your kind invitation. As you know, a Chinese Poetry Competition is being held in our school and I have successfully entered the final round competition, which happens to be scheduled on this Saturday and will not end until late into the evening. It’s a great pity that I can’t make it to your party. But I’ve prepared a gift for you and hopeful you will like it. May your party be a great success and enjoy yourself that day! Yours Li Hua 三、假设你是李华，你校学生会将在下个学期在学校每周举行文化周活动，先向同学们征求意见，请向学生会写一封信，内容包括： 1. 你的态度 2. 你的建议 3. 活动意义
高考英语作文指导——议论文
高考英语作文指导——议论文 Knowledge Objectives To help the students to learn the basic writing skills on Argumentative Composition Compentence Objectives To help the students to grasp their basic writing skills To practice writing skills.(detailed information& general idea) Emotion Objectives To cultivate the love of writing Teaching approach:Communicative approach Teaching Aids: Multi-Media Difficult points : Teaching procedures: I. Pre-task: Revision Lead-in II. While task:Learn some basic writing skills on Argumentative Composition （一）英文议论文的结构特点汉语写作对文章结构的要求不是很高，如开头段应该包括什么、论题句应该在什么时候出现、文章的结尾是否必须总结全文等等。而英语写作要求文章结构必须十分严谨，文章各个部分的功能都要十分清晰，开头、中间和结尾都有严格的要求。 简而言之，英语议论文共有三大特点： 1、观点鲜明的开头； 2、紧扣主题的结尾； 3、有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落。 所以，既然高考英语考的是英语文章，大家就应该遵循英文议论文的写作思路和习惯：表示支持则旗帜鲜明地支持；表示反对就彻彻底底地反对，而不能采取“墙头草两边倒”的做法。 （二）英语议论文写作要点: straight:开门见山，直来直去。 brief:文章“简为贵”，要抓住要点，简明扼要。 coherence: 文理通顺，前后连贯。 division:词汇、句子、段落要分配使用得当，划分要清楚，避免使用重复字句和片段。ambiguity:尽量不用可能会引起歧义的词语或句子。 Key：用适当的关键词突出主题，每段都应有主题句。
高考英语考前指导 一、现阶段英语复习最应该注意哪些方面 主持人：各位网友大家好，欢迎来到网易高考聊天室参加网易教育频道和中学生报合作举办的高考名师面对面系列活动。今天我们非常荣幸地邀请到广州广雅中学的英语老师唐立新老师，就高考英语冲刺等问题指导考生学习。 主持人：唐老师，首先请您跟网友打声招呼吧！ 唐立新：Good evening everybody! 主持人：首先请唐老师谈谈现阶段英语复习最应该注意哪些方面。 唐立新：目前，离高考还剩下这么短的时间情况下，无论学习程度怎么样，学习好还是差，考得好还是靠得砸了，都面对短时间高效的复习。根据历年高考备考的经验来看，在这个时候，绝对不能埋头作题。不能停留在题海里面，短期内最好的办法， 如果有的同学积累了错题集的，这段时间就是研究曾经错的题，就解决了这部分的问题，如果做题海也就是暴露部分的问题，这样花费的时间比较长一点，如果平时没有积累错题集的同学，也要注意一个问题。作题的时候要有选择的做，不要拼命的做语法上的题，这样时间花费得太多，效果不好。 先说中等左右的同学，这段时期应该在不同的题星上考虑拿高分，还有作文的问题，所以要研究下短期内提高得分率。对于一些程度比较差的同学，在临近高考的时间内，不要慌张，不要想单词很多的不会怎么办，一天到晚背单词也是不行的，现阶段最关键的是将基础的内容再过一遍，越是基础的越容易被大家忽略。 成绩好的同学要调整自己的心态，这也是很关键的，调整心态，对所有参加高考的同学都很重要，在这个问题上，我想关键是状态，我们平常埋头作题，不考虑策略，现在就要考虑策略，我说的策略就是一种状态，我不能我一天全部搞英语，明天和后天就将英语放在一边，这样是不行的。 每天保持一种作题的状态，每一种题每天都要接触，不能今天做语法，明天背单词，要综合的每天保持一种题型的感觉，就象高考的感觉。 我们的一模、二模的时候我们暴露出来的问题，也是在后一段时间努力改进和提高的，就是查漏补缺，避免和少犯重复的错误，刚才提的错题集，这里过一次，就避免高考的时候重返错误的，这就是进步。 我强调的另外一点就是做比自己水平高的题，平常做100道题有90道对了，我认为是浪费时间，因为题型比较简单，做难的题目，100道错80道，就暴露了问题，也不要太钻牛角尖，从今天开始，到高考的时间，我们要倒过来，要做比自己水平低的题目，就是容易的题目，就是给自己好的心态，以前错了不怕，如果现在老是错，心态就会不舒服，要给自己一个好的感觉，感觉进步了，我做了100道题，只错了2个，五篇阅读基本上都对了，这就可以调整心态，我认为大家要注意这几个问题。 还有一个就是心理的问题，始终给自己一个好的暗示，就是我行，相信高考一定会考得比一模、二模要好。所以很多的老师说，你们的一模跟高考一样，我认为这样的说法是非常错误的，例如广州的一模和高考相比，我认为比高考难度大。但是个体情况要因人而异，很多的同学在一模的时候考得非常好，所以就太相信自己考得很好，反而高考时可能会一塌糊涂，所以一模和二模考试不要影响，考得好不要忽视，考得不好，要调整心态，高考的时候，肯定会有所提高。 二、如何在一个月内快速提升词汇量？ 主持人：刚才唐老师总结了现阶段复习最主要的几个方面：查漏补缺，做错题集，还要调整自己的心态。有很多的同学都反应英语单词特别的难记，如何在一个月内快速的提升单词的
2018 届高考考前外刊阅读精选10 篇 目录 1 Artificial Intelligence: Friend And Foe[M] (2) 人工智能：亦敌亦友 (2) 2 The digital proletariat[H] (5) 数字无产阶级 (5) 3 Why we ca n’t stop checking Facebook[M] (8) 我们为何忍不住刷“脸书”？ (8) 4 Jam tomorrow[H] (11) 未来的拥堵 (11) 5 Competition and tech: Taming the titans[H] (15) 竞争与科技：驯服巨人 (15) 6 Having Your Smartphone Nearby Takes a Toll on Your Thinking[M] (19) 你的智能手机不利于你的思考 (19) 7 The Third Education Revolution[M] (23) 第三次教育革命 (23) 8 Rules of the road[M] (27) 道路规则 (27) 9 Epic fail[M] (30) 脸书劫数 (30) 10 Can Reading Help My Brain Grow and Prevent Dementia? [M] (33) 阅读有助于大脑发育，预防痴呆吗？ (33)
1 Artificial Intelligence: Friend And Foe[M] 人工智能：亦敌亦友 来源: FORBES DEC. 26 2017 1 Artificial intelligence has a huge role to play on both sides of the cybersecurity equation. The industry faces a protracted and severe skill shortage. AI can perform both rote management tasks more quickly and efficiently, without getting bored or distracted. It can also learn new and better security practices from the evolving digital framework it inhabits. (1) In ou r world whe re conne cti vit y has far ou tpac ed securit y, int ell igent a gents that ca n h eal and defend themse lves are invaluabl e all ies. Machine learning has already proven effective in sandbox environments at exploring potential vulnerabilities and devising defenses.、 2 But cybercriminals are developing their own AI, and are unlikely to do so ethically. In legitimate lab settings, AI can be carefully monitored and trained for years to be predictable and reliable. (2)Cybercriminals are less likely to avoid these potentially dangerous side effects, favoring speed over safet y. Malware rings resembling intelligent swarms of (一大群) angry bees are already starting to appear, weaponizing devices against their owners. 3 It is the rise of the hive (数据仓库工具) . Today the term botnet refers to automated, zombie-like devices that are remotely programmed to target other vulnerable systems with malware (恶意软件) , or to infect them via blunt-force attacks, such as denial of service. Botnets are dangerous and account for billions of unauthorized network communications every quarter. The hivenet, however, is much more frightening because each unit of the hivenet, a swarmbot, will itself be powered by AI. (3)Swarmbots will be able to make autonomous decisions without relying on a botnet herder and join togethe r int o larger autonom ous thi nking networks. The potential for hivenet damage is substantially greater than anything we have faced from already-potent botnets. 4 (4)That’s why one of the most serious threats we face in 2018 and beyond is malware with the capa cit y to learn and gro w throu gh it s own su cces ses . Polymorphic (多态的) malware with pre-coded algorithms (算法) designed to subvert (破坏) countermeasures and screens is already a reality. But that approach simply generates millions of slight variations on the same theme. Nextgen Al- generated malware will be aware and capable of adapting itself. 5 (5)Instead of sim pl y f oll owing a set of pre -p rogramm ed inst ructi ons, it will select targets of opportuni t y, assess th eir weakness es, dev elo p a plan of att ack and cover it s tracks. And it will make intelligent decisions about what information to exfiltrate, and when. (6) In sh ort , tom orrow’s A I
必背23书面表达必背范文普通书信 Writing1 (2017新课标全国卷I)假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括： 1.时间和地点； 2.内容：学习唐诗； 3.课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【思路点拨】 本篇书面表达的信息少而精，需要考生对一些细节进行拓展。时间、地点不需要过多拓展，学习唐诗和做课前准备这两个地方可以拓展，这是命题专家的目的，即弘扬中华民族优秀传统文化。根据写作要求，本篇书信应该包括以下几个方面的内容：1.写邮件的背景；2.下一步学习内容(时间和地点；学习唐诗；简要了解唐朝的历史)；3.强调按时到达；4.合适的结束语。 【范文赏析】 Hi Leslie, I’m writing to tell you about the Chinese class next week.Let’s meet at two Tuesday afternoon at the coffee shop near my school again.I plan to help you study some poems of the Tang Dynasty,which is an important part of Chinese civilization.Many of the Tang poems have greatly influenced Chinese literature.And we learned them at a young age.I’ll help you read and understand the selected poems before we have a discussion of them.To make it easier,I suggest you study and get some knowledge of the Tang dynasty in advance.
感谢信写作导练 一、文体概述 感谢信是指在日常学习和生活中，当受惠者对给予自己帮助、支持、关心或其他受益时，给对方表示感谢的信件。所表达的情感必须真挚。信件通常包括以下内容：写信的目的（表示感谢）→感谢的原因（详细展开）→对方的作用和对自己的意义→再次表示感谢。 二、必备短语 1. take the opportunity 利用这个机会 2. It was really kind of you... 你真是好…… 3. return one’s kindness回报某人的善意 4. with one’s help/with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下 5. express one’s gratitude/thanks for 表达某人的感激 6. recall those beautiful days回忆那些美好的日子 7. I sincerely appreciate…我真诚地感激…… 8. thanks to/because of your encouragement由于你的鼓励 9. be patient with sb./have much patience with sb.对某人有耐心 10. Without your help, I wouldn’t... 没有你的帮助，我就不会…… 三、套用句式 1. My true gratitude is beyond any words/description. 任何语言都无法表达我真 挚的谢意。 2. We all thank you and are very grateful for what you did for us. 我们都非常感谢你，也非常感激你为我们做的一切。 3. I am writing to express my thanks for your helping me improve my spoken English. 我写这封信是为了表达你帮我提高英语口语的谢意。 4. Thank you again for your wonderful hospitality and I am looking forward to seeing you soon. 再次感谢你的盛情招待，我非常期待不久会看到你。 5. I’d like to take this opportunity to express my great appreciation for your timely help and assistance. 我谨借此机会感谢你给我及时的帮助和支持。 四、语篇模板 (下列范文中共有10处错误，每句最多两处，请改正) Dear Kelly, I’ve been back home safely from England. Thank you for the warmly help during my stay in England. Last week, I participated on the Cultural Exchange Week. I enjoyed yourself in your country. We pay a visit to the city museum and some places of interest, which made me have a better understanding of the English society, culture or history. Of course, I also made many new friend. What’s more, I was lucky enough stay at your home. And I’ll never forget the days we spent together. Here I especially thank you for the dictionary you offer me as a gift, that is of great help for me to learn English well. I will treasure and make the full use of it.
高考英语考前必看考点：一轮、二轮、三轮复习归纳整理 考前2-3天怎样复习呢？不少学生不知所措，建议你不妨把我们一轮至三轮复习中经常遇到的问题再过一遍。同时，每天少做一点点新题，记住是一点点，就如同运动员赛前的适应训练那样而已。 shall 表命令、警告、允诺、威胁及法律/规章规定 You shall have the book tomorrow. If you park your car here, you'll be fined should 1）表惊讶,"竟然” I'm surprised that he should have failed the exam. 2）“万一” If the teacher should find it, you would be in toruble. be about to do 马上或正要做马上，除when外，不与其他时间连用（be about to do sth when....正在这时） be to do 主观意愿决定要做某事 be going to do 计划、安排或推测天气The clouds are gathering,it's going to rain.
will do 1) 将要做2）临时决定要做某事 need / dare not do (dare/need为情态动词） dont need /dare to do (dare/need 为实意动词 used to do sth------否定usen't to do sth或didn't use to do sth would do sth------否定wouldn't do sth (过去常做某事，现在仍有可能还做） ... no use(useless)/senseless/good/a waste of time+doing sth There's no need +to do sth There's no need to argue with him about it. It is not +时间+before...+现在时；It was not+时间+before...+过去时 a bit/little均可表程度 eg: a little /a bit tired 有点累了 a bit of +名词 a little +名词（注意没of) eg: a little water; a bit of water not a little=very much eg: I like it not a lillte=I like it very much. not a bit=not at all eg: I don't like it a bit.=I don't like it at all. eg: I like it not a little=I like it very much. I don't like it a bit=I don''t like it at all. 表示“值得...”
2019年高考英语考试大纲词汇3500词（必背） A …… ? a (an) [?,e?(?n,?n)] art. 一（个，件……） abandon [??b?nd?n] v.抛弃，舍弃，放弃 ability [??b?l?t?] n. 能力；才能 able [?e?b(?)l] a. 能够；有能力的 abnormal [?b?n??m(?)l] a. 反常的，不正常的 aboard [??b??d]prep. 上（船，飞机，火车，汽车等） abolish [??b?l??] v. 废除，废止；取消 abortion [??b???(?)n] n. 流产，堕胎 about [??ba?t] ad. 大约；到处；四处prep. 关于；在各处；四处 above [??b?v] prep. 在……上面 a. 上面的ad. 在……之上 abroad [??br??d]ad. 到（在）国外 abrupt [??br?pt] a. 突然的，意外的，粗鲁的 absence [??bs?ns] n. 不在，缺席 absent [??bs?nt] a. 缺席的，不在的 absolute [??bs?lu?t]a. 完全的，绝对的 absorb [?b?s??b] v. 吸收；吸引，使全神贯注 abstract [??bstr?kt] a.抽象的n.摘要，提要 absurd [?b?s??d] a.荒谬的，怪诞不经的 abundant [??b?nd?nt] a.丰盛的，充裕的 abuse [??bju?z]v.（酗酒）滥用，虐待，谩骂 academic [??k??dem?k] a. 学术的，学院的n.大学生，大学教师 academy [??k?d?m?] n.学院，学会 accelerate [?k?sel?r e?t] v.（使）加速，加快 accent [??ks?nt] n. 口音，音调 accept [?k?sept]vt. 接受 access [??kses] n. 通道，入口；接近/进入的机会v.接近；使用accessible [?k?ses?bl] a. 易接近的；可得到的；可理解的 accident [??ks?d?nt] n. 事故；意外的事 accommodation [??k?m??de??(?)n] n.住宿，膳宿 accompany [??k?mp?n?] v. 陪同，陪伴，伴奏 accomplish [??k?mpl??] v. 完成 according to [??k??d?? t?] ad. 按照，根据 account [??ka?nt] n. 账目;描述 accountant [??ka?nt?nt] n. 会计，会计师 accumulate [??kju?mj?le?t] v. 积累，积聚 accuracy [??kj?r?s?] n. 准确，精确 accurate [??kj?r?t] a.正确的，精确的 accuse [??kju?z] v. 控告；谴责 accustomed [??k?st?md] a. 习惯于，惯常的 ache [e?k] v.& n. 痛，疼痛 achieve [??t?i?v] v. 达到，取得 achievement [??t?i?vm?n t] n. 成就，成绩，功绩 acid [??s?d] a. 酸的