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深圳初中科学课将作重大调整

深圳初中科学课将作重大调整
深圳初中科学课将作重大调整

深圳初中科学课将作重大调整

2011年07月06日05:12深圳新闻网-深圳商报

初中物理、化学教学与高中脱节问题,多年来一直困扰着深圳初中学子。

今秋新学年开学,我市初中的科学课程将有重大调整,一是通过配发物理、化学教科书,并增加物理、化学知识的教学课时,来加强科学课程中物理、化学内容;二是从2013年起改革中考科目内容,科学科目将从原来的满分100分、权重为1,变为满分150分、权重为1.5,是语文、数学和英语这些科目的1.5倍。这是记者从深圳市教育局下发的《深圳市初中科学课程调整实施指导意见(讨论稿)》中获悉的。

配发物理化学教科书

《深圳市初中科学课程调整实施指导意见(讨论稿)》(以下简称《意见》),提出了具体课程调整方案:从2011年9月份起,在统一初中科学课程教学内容、要求的前提下,在初中科学课程中,通过配发物理、化学教科书,适当增加物理化学知识的教学时数,采取综合拓展或者分科帮教的形式加强科学课程教学,特别是注意提高物理化学内容的教学质量。

全市统一教材版本。增补配发的分科物理、化学教科书,选用人教版物理、化学教科书,以便和兄弟市选用的教材一致。

记者看到,《意见》对各年级配备分科教材作了这样的安排:七年级(即初一年级)配物理(八年级上)教材,八年级(即初二年级)配物理(八年级下)教材和化学(九年级上)教材,九年级(即初三年级)配化学(九年级下)教材和九年级物理教材。也就是说,初一学生将在原有的《科学》课本之外,增加人教版初二上学期的《物理》教材;初二学生则在原有的《科学》课本之外,增加人教版初二下学期的《物理》教材,以及人教版初三上学期的《化学》教材;初三学生则在原有的《科学》课本之外,增加人教版初三《物理》教材和初三下学期《化学》教材。

科学课程计划适当调整

与此同时,科学课程计划做适当调整,即适当增加课时,用于补充物理、化学教学时数。其中初一每星期增加1课时,初二每星期增加2课时,初三每星期增加3课时。增补课时将从选修课或者校本课程中调剂。

对于增加了物理、化学内容的科学课程,《意见》提出了两种教学模式。一是课任科学教师兼顾上物理、化学补充教材。选择这种上课方式的老师要有物理、化学功底,要具有胜任物理、化学分科教材的教学能力。二是在课任科学老师之外,专门安排有物理或化学学科背景的专业老师补上物理、化学分科教材。这种上课方式对于解决物理、化学薄弱的问题最

为有效,也是推荐的上课方式。各区、校可根据实际情况,自行选定一种增补物理、化学内容的教学模式。

2013年改革中考内容

为了和这次初中科学课程调整改革方案相配套,使课程改革工作落到实处,《意见》建议从2013年开始中考新方案,对中考科目内容做适当调整,原则上加强物理、化学在中考中的地位和作用。同时,增加高中教师参与命题,提高中考试题命题质量,以引导初中综合课程改革向着良性、高效的轨道发展。

《意见》提出的中考改进方案中,每一位初中毕业生的升学考试成绩仍由中考科目分和体育分合成。但科学科目的权重由以前的1,调整为1.5,其他科目权重处理方法保持不变。这意味着方案中加重了科学科目的分值,因为语文、数学和英语三科的权重仍然全部为1,科学科目的权重由1增加到1.5,分值是语文、数学和英语这些科目的1.5倍。

在中考改进方案中,科学卷加大了物理、化学两科的内容。该科卷面分150分,具体分配为物理55分、化学45分、生物35分、地理15分,同时考试用时也变为两个小时。《意见》说,中考方案改进的目的,是旨在引导加强物理和化学内容的教学,以解决当前初高中衔接问题和高考文理科考生倒挂问题。

为何要对初中科学课程作出调整?

教改:孤军试验多年

现状:遇到重重困难

深圳商报记者陈广琳

从2003年秋季起,我市物理、化学、生物、地理四门学科统一合并为“科学课”,初中开设科学课程至今已有8年。如果从2001年秋季南山区率先开展《科学》等综合课程改革试验算起,《科学》取代物理、化学、生物、地理,已经在我市存在近10年了。今年为什么要调整初中科学课程?市教育部门在《深圳市初中科学课程调整实施指导意见(讨论稿)》(以下简称《意见》)中表示,初中科学课程试验目前存在困难,初中与高中在教材、教学的衔接上存在严重问题。

课程改革深圳“孤军奋战”

据了解,我市为了认真落实教育部颁发的《基础教育课程改革纲要(试行)》的精神,早在2001年起就在基础教育方面全面开展课程改革。2001年秋季,南山区作为国家级课改试

验区,启动了义务教育阶段课改实验,率先开展了《科学》等综合课程的改革试验,把物理、化学、生物及部分地理学科的内容,统一合并为“科学”;把历史、社会、思想品德及部分地理学科内容等,并为一门“历史与社会”。

初中实施综合课程改革是一场大变革,但是广东省尚未有其他市跟进,我市的初中综合课程改革处于“孤军奋战”的局面,可供交流和学习的经验不多。学生家长和社会对综合课程改革的评价褒贬不一。人大代表、政协委员也多次提出反对议案或改进意见,特别对初中物理、化学以及初、高中衔接问题颇有意见。

科学教师专业知识不够

调查研究表明,初中与高中在教材、教学的衔接上存在严重问题,特别是物理、化学等学科知识薄弱,造成进入高中相关课程的学习困难,进而影响到理科高考学科的成绩,深圳市这几年的高中教学和高考文理科考生倒挂,充分说明了这一点。

另外,市教育部门的调查表明,课时紧、任务重、专业知识缺乏成了科学课程实施的最主要困难。在问卷调查中,“教学实施过程中遇到的最主要困难”一项,50%的科学教师认为“时间紧、任务重”,29%的科学教师在课改试验中感到最大压力来自专业知识不够。特别是一些民办学校的综合科学教师,还不具备科学教学的知识和能力。

科学课程调整已排出时间表

《意见》说,参考全国其他地区初中综合课程改革的经验和教训,结合我市初中课程改革的实际情况,对我市中考方案作相应的调整,以稳步推动课程改革向纵深开展。

《意见》还提出了科学课程调整工作的推进时间表:6月份研究制定初中专业教师培训工作计划,8月初按学科门类对科学教师进行上岗培训,特别要加强对科学教师进行物理、化学专业培训。9月正式开学后,市、区教研中心将开展教学视导和监控。

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