1. Television Program and Their Effect on children
Television programs regularly entertain, educate, effect and even frighten the majority of our children. Most children are allowed to watch whatever program is on, with little thought on the effect that particular show will have on a child. Most programs can be classed as beneficial or harmful, according to what effect the program might have on a child.
The beneficial television programs are mainly thouse（附属房,温室）that educate the young. There are often specials on animal life. A few regular children’s programs develop the child’s interest in school-type learning by stressing numbers and the alphabet, and that encourages him or her to be creative. The beneficial commercials, such as those on anti-smoking, anti-litter, and health, should be included in this category.
On the opposite side are the shows, which are generally harmful to children. Many commercials（商业广告）, especially those sponsoring the children’s programs, are deliberately written to create a desire for an unnecessary product such as sugar coated（涂上一层的）cereals and candy. All adult programs that include violence or sex scenes can at best fill a child’s mind with confusing or misleading ideas, and could possibly harden（v. 变硬,使...坚强,涨价）the child to violence.
Thoughtful parents will definitely not allow their children to view the bad programs. A child’s viewing time should be limited to watching educationally（adv. 教育的,教育上的,有关教育的）beneficial programs.
2. How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities
With the development of modern industry, more and more people are flowing into big cities. Accordingly, the housing problem in big cities is
becoming more and more serious.
People have offered many solutions to this problem. I think building satellite cities in the suburbs（在郊区）is more practical. The fresh air and beautiful scenery in the suburbs will be appealing to the city citizens, who suffer from air pollution, noises, etc. in the overcrowded（a. 过度拥挤的）city. With more people leaving the city, more space will be available for those remaining. The housing（n. 房屋(外壳，外套，外罩，住宅，卡箍，遮盖物)）problem in big cities will thus（adv. 如此，这样，因此，从而；conj. 因此，于是）be solved.
3. The younger generation knows best
Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same comments are made from generation to generation and it is always true. It has never been truer than it is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideas of their elders. Events, which the older generation remembers vividly, are nothing more than past history （过去的经历）. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one preceded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed.
The old always assume that they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. They don’t like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this precisely what the young are doing. They are questioning the assumptions of their elders and disturbing their complacency（[k?m'pleis?nsi] n. 自满）. They take leave to doubt that
the older generation has created the best of all possible worlds. What they reject more than anything is conformity（[k?n'f?:miti] n. 适合,一致,相似）. Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldn’t people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility? And what about clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should wear drab （[dr?b] adj. 土褐色的,单调的）grey suits and convict（['k?nvikt] n.囚犯,罪犯 v. 使...确信自己犯错,宣告...有罪,使...知罪）haircuts? If we turn our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the older generation so often used violence to solve their problems? Why are they so unhappy and guilt-ridden（adj. 有负罪感的） in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more material possessions（物质财富）? Can anything be right with the rat race（n. 商业上竞争,事业上竞争）? Haven’t the old lost touch with all that is important in life?
There are not questions the older generation can shrug off （vt. 不屑理睬(抖去，认为无足轻重)）lightly. Their record over the past forty years or so hasn’t been exactly spotless（a. 无脏污的，无缺点的，无可挑剔的）. Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for guideline（n. 指引）. Today, the situation might reverse. The old—if they are prepared to admit it — could learn a thing or two from their children. One of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not “sinful”（ ['sinful] adj. 有罪的，罪恶的）. Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life. It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure to shed（n. 车棚,小屋,脱落之物 v. 使...流出,放射,脱毛） restricting inhibitions（n. 禁止,禁制,压抑）. It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future. This emphasis on the present is only to be expressed because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb（[b?m] n. 炸弹 v. 轰炸
vt. 投弹,轰炸）, the constant threat of complete annihilation（[?,nai?'lei??n] n. 歼灭,消灭,湮灭）. This is their glorious heritage. Can we be surprised that they should so often question the sanity（['s?niti] n. 神智健全,头脑清楚,健全）of the generation that bequeathed（[bi'kwi:e] v. 遗赠,遗留）it ?
4. Public Transportation
As part of domestic modernization, public transportation needs to be developed urgently in China. I can illustrate some examples.
There does not only exist serious traffic jams but also crowded buses（n. 公共汽车）, underground（n. 地下,地铁,地道,秘密活动 adj. 地下的,秘密的 adv. 在地下,秘密地） and railways. Commuters（n. 通勤者,每日往返上班者） find it hard to get to work on time due to overcrowded buses or tubes（['tju:b] n. 地铁,电子管,显像管,管,软管;电视）. Travelers could hardly get on buses in big cities during weekends owing to fewer buses and more people. When Spring Festival is drawing near, there is much greater –pressure on public transportation since it has to deal with a large number of travelers rushing home. And travelers need special arrangements to go home. In a word, public transportation has become bottleneck（['b?tl,nek] n. 瓶颈） to the advance of Chinese economy.
To solve the above mentioned problems, the departments concerned should carry out the following steps: to build more roads, highways or railways and to add buses or trains to the original lines. But the funds have to be raised both from the government and the public. There are three sources for fund raising（资金筹措）. One is to raise the fares for all kinds of all transportation vehicles. Another is to increase the prices for various vehicles on sale. The third is to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oil （n. 柴油）in addition to the governmental funds. If all this money collected is used to
improve transportation services, the situation will be bettered（被改善的）and favorable.
The third step to take is to introduce new technology in order to raise the efficiency of vehicles. For instance, the speed of trains can be increased as much as two times so that two times as many people can be held. In this way, the pressure on public transportation can be dramatically alleviated（[?'li:vieit] v. 减轻,使...缓和）. So in a word, we need to introduce new technology to raise the speed of vehicles while having built even wider roads and added more efficient trains and buses.
5. Human Education
The other day（n. 前几天）, a professor from Peking University gave a lecture “Chinese Intellectuals and Written Cultural Text”. In his lecture, he held that Chinese intellectuals have lost the written cultural text since the May 4th movement. His opinion set us thinking that the loss of traditional humane education （人文教育）resulted in a crisis of cultural education（文化教育）.
With the rapid development of economy, the living standard of the Chinese people has improved a lot in terms of material wealth. In a period when economics take priority, people pay more and more attention to profit. At present, moneymaking（adj. 孜孜求利的, 热心赚钱的）and pleasure seeking are becoming a popular fashion. On the other hand, there appears a barren field of spirit in today’s society. It has become unexpectedly（['?niks'pektidli] adv. 未料到地,意外地） hard to rebuild the paradise（'p?r?daiz] n. 天堂）of traditional culture （传统文化）. Ideological（adj. 意识形态的）confusion, moral decline and a chaotic cultural market, all this shows that it is the high time to have something done
in order to tackle（['t?kl] v. 处理,抓住 n. 工具,复滑车,扭倒） the problem of cultural orientation（文化取向）. Our times（我们的时代）call for an ideal humane education.
It is unwise to discard traditional Chinese culture as a whole. Some of the elements of this culture can be made use of in the reconstruction of our spiritual civilization（n. 文明,文化）directly or with some adaptation（[,?d?p'tei??n]n.改编,适应,改编成的作品）. Our attitude towards tradition should be “discarding the dross（[dr?s] n. 浮渣,碎屑,渣滓）and selecting the essence（['esns] n. 本质,精髓）”. The humane education of the past can serve as a supplement to our Marxist（['mɑ:ksist] adj. 马克思主义的 n. 马克思主义者）education. It should start from（从...开始）primary school（小学）. In this way, our children will get educated so as to be possessed of a perfect personality. The national morale will be deeply rooted in people’s mind, and will help push forward the growth of economy.
To sum up, we can find it badly（['b?dli] adv. 严重地,恶劣地,极度地）necessary to build up an ideal humane education. We should find an efficient way to develop our humane education and dig out more resources form traditional Chinese culture.
6. Criticism on Television
A lot of people believe that television has a harmful effect on children.
A few years ago, the same criticisms were made of the cinema（n. 电影院）. But although （可虽然；当But although / though连用时则代表“不过，虽然（是这样，但……）/但是，虽然”，这个词不是对前一句的“否定”，而是对一个现有观点或事物提出另一个观点或事实。）child psychologists（n. 心理学家） have spent a great deal of time studying this problem, there is not much evidence that television brings about teenager’s crimes.
For people in the modern world share the views of parents （家长意见）a hundred years ago. In those days, writers for children carefully avoided any reference to（提到）sex in their books, but had not inhibitions（[,inhi'bi??n]n. 禁止,禁制,压抑）about including scenes of violence.
The evidence collected suggests, however, that neither the subject, nor the action in itself frightens children. The context in which cruelly or violence occurs is much more important.
A good guide to what is psychologically healthy for a small child is therefore provided by a television series in which a boy and a girl are supposed to be exploring distant planets with their parents. In each story, they encounter strange monsters and find themselves in dangerous situations but the parents are reassuring（adj. 安心的,可靠的,坚强的） and sensible（adj.明理的,明智的）, as a child’s parents should be in real life.
In my view, children should be exposed to the problems of real life as soon as possible, but they cannot help seeing these through news programs. When they are being entertained, the healthiest atmosphere is one which the hero and heroine（['her?uin] adj. 英雄式的,英勇的 n. 女英雄,女主角） are children like themselves who behave naturally and confidently in any situation.
7. The only thing people are interested in today is earning more money
Once upon a time there lived a beautiful young woman and a handsome young man. They were very poor, but as they were deeply in love, they wanted to get married. The young people’s parents shook（受到严重打击的；受到强烈影响的）their heads. “You can’t get married yet.” They said.
Wait till you get a good job with good prospects. So the young people waited until they found good jobs with good prospects and they were able to get married. They were still poor, of course, they didn’t have a house to live in or any furniture, but that doesn't matter. They young man had a good job with good prospects, so large organizations lent him the money he needed to buy a house, some furniture, all the latest electrical appliances and a car. The couple lived happily ever after（adv. 自...以后(...以后一直)）paying off debts for the rest of their lives. And so ends （从此）another modern romantic fable.
We live in a materialistic（[m?,ti?ri?'listik] adj. 唯物论的,唯物主义的）society; our possessions, yours and mine are clearly labeled from early childhood. When we grow old enough to earn a living, it does not surprise us to discover that success is measured in terms of the money you earn. We spend the whole of our lives keeping up with our neighbors, the Joneses（n.与自己社会地位相等的人, 邻居）. If we buy a new television set , Jones（1. (生活水平和社会地位较高的)爱炫富的邻居；时髦圈中人2. [俚语]爱好，癖好(尤指吸海洛因)3. [有时作jones][俚语]毒瘾4. [有时作jones][美国俚语]毒品；海洛因，麻醉药）is bound to buy a bigger and better one. If we buy a new car, we can be sure that Jones will go one better（胜过）and get two new cars: one for his wife and one for himself. The most amusing thing about this game is that Joneses and all the neighbors who are struggling frantically（adv. 狂暴地,疯狂似地）to keep up with them are spending borrowed money kindly provided, at a suitable rate of interest（利率）, of course, by friendly banks, insurance companies, etc.
It is not only affluent societies（n.（奢侈品供销两旺的)富足社会，富裕社会(指充分具备舒适生活条件的社会环境)）that people are obsessed with（被,死抱住...不放）the idea of making more money. Consumer goods are desirable everywhere and modern industry
deliberately（adv. 故意地）sets out（出发v. 规划,展现v. 出发，开始）to create new markets. Gone are the days（那些日子一去不复返了，后接when引导的时间状语从句）when industrial goods were made to last forever（是永远持续，永恒的意思）. The wheels of industry（工业的巨轮）must be kept turning. Built-in（adj.1. 嵌入(墙内)的，镶装的，作为整体建筑一部分而建造的，不能移动的2. 成为某物组成部分的，为整体下一部分的3. 内在的；固有的；本质的；生来的，天生的n.被固定于建筑物的用具(如家具、冰箱、炉灶等)）obsolescence（[,?bs?'lesns] n. 荒废,退化）provides the means; goods are made to be discarded. Cars get tinnier and tinnier. You no sooner acquire this year’s model than you are thinking about its replacement.
This materialistic（adj. 唯物论的,唯物主义的）outlook has seriously influenced education. Fewer and fewer young people these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake（为学知识而学知识）. Every course of studies must lead somewhere（达到一定深度）i.e. to a bigger wage packet（工资袋）. The demand for skilled personnel（技术熟练的员工 highly skilled personnel高度熟练的技术人员） for exceeds the supply and big companies compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies. Tempting salaries and “fringe benefits”（附加福利）are offered to them. Recruiting tactics of this kind have led to the brain drain（人才外流）, the process by which highly skilled people offer their services to the highest bidder（最高价竞买人）. The wealthier nations（更富裕的国家）deprive their poorer neighbors of their most able citizens. While Mammon（['m?m?n] n. 1.财神 2.钱财，物质财富贪欲，贪财；the mammon of unrighteousness a. 不义之财；金钱；财富b. 鄙俗的富人） is worshipped as never before（adv. 以前从来没有）, the rich get richer and the poor, poorer.
8. Communication and Language
One of the first things we think about when we hear the word communication language（通信语言）. There are thousands of languages spoken around the world today. In fact, linguistics say that there may be as many as 10000.
Speaking with others is an important means of communication, but we can also communicate without using words, that is by nonverbal communication（非言语沟通，非口头信息交流）. Nonverbal communication includes voice quality（话音质量，声音品质）, eyes movement, facial expression（面部表情，用手势模仿）and body movements such as gestures and change in body position（体位）. But many people do not realize that everyone uses nonverbal communication. Sometimes, we “say” more with our face and gestures that we do with our voices.
Books, magazines, newspapers, radio, television, are other means of communication. Today we can also communicate over long distance with the help of communications satellites（通信卫星）. Some scientists say that soon machines will be developed for sending message through the earth. The technology necessary to build these machines is very complex. But the language we speak everyday is much more complex than the most modern communication technology.
9. Cooperation Goes with Competition
In our times, cooperation and competition spread over the world. Both of them speed up（加快速度）the wheel of economy and enrich the intelligence of mankind. It is impossible to accomplish a complicated program by only one person now. As we know, the more cooperation a company depends on, the more efficient it will become in business.
Furthermore, we can’t avoid competition in our exchanges. From time to time, we compare ourselves with others, expecting to catch up with others. This is the spirit of competition, by which we pursue the highest goal. It is only by competition in the market that a company can raise its reputation（n.名誉,名声）. Were it not for competition, say, all of us would not enjoy what we have achieved.
10. The Rise of Intellectual Property Protection
Intellectual property（知识产权）scarcely existed in the vocabularies of academic researchers and administrators even 15 years ago. Now it is an ever-present（adj. 经常存在的）part of discussions on research policies and directions. This new importance of intellectual property in academia（[,?k?'di:mj?] n. 学术界(学术生活)）reflects a changing view on the relationships of research at universities to the surrounding society（周边社会）. Until recently, research at universities has been relatively isolated from demands of economic utility, and education of graduate students has emphasized a career in academic research as the final goal.
Now almost all research universities in the United States have technology licensing operations. The number of U.S. patents granted （批准的专利）to American universities in a year rose from（由…复活，从…上升）about 300 in 1980 to almost 2000 in 1995. The direct economic impact
（经济影响）of technology licensing（技术授权）on the universities themselves has been relatively small. In contrast, the impact of university technology transfer on the local and national economies has been substantial, and leads to the conclusion that the Licensing Act（照法）is one of the most successful pieces of economic development in recent history. It has been estimated that more than 200000 jobs have been created in the United States in product development and manufacturing of products from university licenses, with the number increasing fairly rapidly as the licenses mature.
Intellectual property terms have become vitally important. The company wants to be assured that it can use the results of the research and that these results will not be available to their competitors. But most universities insist that transfer of research results is key to（开…的钥匙）their identity and mission and will not agree to keep the project results secret. The key to resolving this dilemma is to grant patents（专利授权）: the university will publish the results, but will first agree to file patents that will protect the company’s privilege in the commercial market place.
11. Generation Gap
Despite various improvements in all aspects of social life, the generation gap between the grown-up and the young remains unabridged（adj. 完整的）. Instead, it grows wider apart.
Nowadays, the youths do not blindly follow what their elder say. Owing to widespread education, the influence of western civilization, to certain extent, gives them a new code of philosophy（n. 哲学,哲理）, which is completely different from that of their elders. An invisible cold wall（【海洋学】(墨西哥湾)暖洋流和(拉布拉多)冷洋流的分明交界）thus（adv. 如
此,这样,因此,从而，conj. 因此,于是）appears between the two generations.
Modern youths are trying to be more revolutionary. They have their own interpretation（n. 解释,演出,翻译,互動）fro（adv. 向那边,向后）different matters; they also have their own ideals. Their reluctance to learn old teaching and sayings becomes the constant friction between（…之间的摩擦／不和）the two generations. They always introduce new changes. However, the old people, wedded to（adj. 喜爱(专心于...的,对...因执的)）everything of the past, are hostile to（对…有敌意）changes and the generation gap becomes wider and wider.
After all, the young generation, like the old one, is made of flesh and blood（血肉之躯,亲骨肉,亲属）. The young also need respect and they also have skills and good ideas. In order to narrow the gap, both groups should try to understand each other. Most probably, these suggestions may help to solve the problem.
12. Should Men and Women Be Equal?
Should men and women be equal? This is a question much talked about by many people. Some hold the opinion that men are superior to women in many ways. For one thing, many job men do can hardly be done by women, who are physically （['fizik(?)li] adv. 身体上地）not strong enough; and for another, most of the world-famous （adj. 世界闻名的）scientists or statesmen（n. 政治家）are found to be males. Moreover, the whole human society seems to have all along been dominated by men only. Isn’t it evident enough to show that men are a lot stronger than women? Hence, the former should enjoy more rights than the latter.
Other people, however, think quite differently on this question. They firmly believe that men and women are born equal. And women are certainly
as talented as men if they are given equal opportunities of education. Isn’t it a fact known to us all that women have been working side by side with men in China and elsewhere in the world? Like their men folks（n. (复)人们）, they have been distinguishing themselves not only in research institutions, but in government bodies and other organizations as well.
Personally, I am firmly standing on the side of those women’s rights defenders. Since men and women are playing an equally important role in all human activities, why should not they be on an equal footing（n. 立足点,立场,关系）? Furthermore, from time immemorial (自古以来，远古以来immemorial[,imi'm?:ri?l] a. 太古的,极古的), there have been two sex groups, namely, men and women. Our Human society could definitely not have existed or advanced without either of them. Is it wondered that men and women ought to be equal and enjoy equal rights accordingly?
13. Computer and Man
It is believed that the computer can do almost everything. At the time the computer was invented, scientists, carried away by its calculating speed, felt that they had created a miracle. It was gradually used not only in mathematics, physics, chemistry and astronomy, but in places like the library, hospital and military army to replace the work of man. For this reason, the computer was entitled “Electronic Brain” in terms of appreciation.
Can man be controlled by computers? The answer is negative. Although a computer works much faster and accurately than man, a fact is undeniable; it is designed, manufactured and programmed by man, and therefore by human beings. Of course, science fictions have made up many fascinating stories about a computer, or rather robot, who conquers man and the earth, even the whole universe; however, they are only unrealistic imagination. A horse helps man a lot runs much faster than we, but it is only a slave.
The future for the computer is very promising. With the help of it, we can do things that could not be done before. Conquering the universe, discovering new things, explaining mysterious phenomena puzzling us at present are all made possible by computer.
14. What Kind of Life to Live Realistic or Romantic?
There has always been an argument between the young and the old about what kind of life to live-realistic or romantic. Young people tend to think that real life is as dramatic and fascinating as it is in the novels and movies while more experienced adults think this naive daydream is certain to be broken by later experiences and everyone should learn to get used to the dull routine of his everyday life（日常生活）.
However, there are some inadequacies（n. 不适当,不十分,不完全）in the opinions on the part of both sides. Life will be unimaginable if everything we do is only for realistic purpose, and the same is true if what we do everyday is just to enjoy ourselves. So it’s not difficult for us to see that neither way can ensure a happy life.
In my opinion, a real happy life can never be separated from either of the two ways. On the one hand, let’s enjoy life, enjoy the excitement of sports. On the other hand, let’s not forget our work. Happy life can never go without hard work.
15. Fast Food
Fast food is becoming more popular in China, especially among children and teenagers. Today, it's certainly difficult to think of any other single thing that represents the fast pace（快速的步伐）of modern society as powerfully as fast food.
There are several reasons for its popularity. First, it is very convenient
and saves a lot of time. The trends of modern society seem to all point to one ultimate goal—saving time, and fast food well serves this purpose. You just go into a fast food restaurant, order your food, and your food is ready in no time. You can either eat it there or take it away. Second, its popularity is also attributed to the clean and comfortable environment of fast food restaurants, the excellent service（优良服务）, and the guaranteed quality （保证品质）of food.
However, in terms of nutrition（从营养学角度来说）, fast food is far from satisfactory. It usually does not compose a balanced diet and is low in nutritional value. Thus, doctors suggest that people, especially children, eat fast food as little as possible. Although cooking at home is time-consuming（adj. 耗费时间的）and the following washing-up（n. 洗涤）tiresome（adj. 令人厌倦的,讨厌的）, it offers healthy and delicious meals your body likes and needs. Fast food is only a good choice when you are in a hurry and turn to it once in a while.
16. On the Attitude towards Fighting against Criminals
Today crime rate in our cities seems to be rising. Thefts, robberies, and murders are reported to take place even in the broad daylight（大白天）.
Facing crime tide, people may take different attitudes. Some feel frightened and prefer to turn a blind eye to the criminals. Others are resolute（['rez?lju:t] adj. 坚决的,果断的） and dare to run risk at the cost of their lives in fighting with the criminals. They take it as their duty to protect the social law and order. As for me, I take the attitude of the latter.
To ensure the social security（n. 社会保障,社会保险）and protect people’s safety, I may have some suggestions to make. First of all, the government should always keep a continuous law education（法制教育）among the people, especially, in the younger generations. Secondly, criminals
should be punished severely（严惩）. And finally, it is imperative（n. 命令,诫命,需要 adj. 命令式的,急需的） to set up a public foundation system to award those who set merits（n. 功绩） in fighting criminals.
17. Parents are too permissive with their children nowadays
Few people would defend the Victorian（adj. 维多利亚女王时代的）attitude to children, but if you were a parent in those days, at least you knew where you stood: children were to be seen and not heard. Freud（弗洛伊德(Sigmund, 1856-1939, 奥地利神经学家、精神病医学家、精神分析的创始人)） and company did away with（v. 除去(消除,免除,摆脱,撤消)） all that and patents have been bewildered（adj.困惑的）ever since（adv. 从那时起(自那时以来)）. The child’s happiness is all-important（adj. 十分重要的）, the psychologist say, but what about the parents’ happiness? Parents suffer constantly from fear and guilt while their children gaily romp about pulling the place apart（孩子的幸福是至关重要的，心理学家们这样说，但是，父母的幸福又如何呢?）. A good old-fashioned（adj. 老式的）spanking（adj. 疾驰的(劲吹的,第一流的) adv. 显著地）is out of the question: no modern childrearing（n. 抚养孩子） manual（adj. 手工的,体力的n. 手册,指南）would permit such barbarity（n. 残忍,残暴）. The trouble is you are not allowed even to shout. Who knows what deep psychological wounds（心理创伤）you might inflict（v. 施以,加害）? The poor child may never recover from the dreadful（['dredful] adj. 可怕的）traumatic （[tr?:'m?tik]n. 外伤药adj. 外伤的,创伤的）experience（创伤经历）. So it is that parents bend over backwards to avoid giving their children complexes（复合物）which a hundred years ago hadn’t even been heard of. Certainly a child needs love, and a lot of it. But the excessive permissiveness（n. 许可的(随意的)）of modern parents is surely doing more harm than good.
Psychologists（心理学家）have succeeded in undermining （n.【地质
学】底切，暗掘undermine的变形undermine[,?nd?'main] vt.1. 在…下挖掘；在…下挖地道：2. 削弱…的基础；逐渐损毁：3. 暗中破坏；以阴险手段暗害：4. 【采矿】掏槽）parents’ confidence in their own authority. And it hasn’t taken children long to get wind of（听到…风声；获悉…消息；风闻：得到…的风声；获得…的线索；风闻；察觉；嗅出）the fact. In addition to the great modern classic on childcare（n. 幼托）, there countless articles in magazines and newspapers. With so much un（[?n; ?n]pron.[口语]人，事物，家伙；东西[亦作'un]）solicited（[s?'lisit] vt.请求，恳求；央求；乞求；申请）advice flying about, mum and dad just don’t know what to do any more. In the end, they do nothing at all. So, from early childhood（儿童早期；早期教育）, the kids are in charge and parents’ lives are regulates according to the needs of their offspring（n. 子孙,后代,产物）. When the little dears（亲爱的小宝贝们）develop into teenagers, they take complete control. Lax（[l?ks] adj. 松的,松懈的,不严的；n. 泻肚）authority over（对…的权力）the years makes adolescent rebellion against parents all the more（adv. 更加(愈加)）violent. If the young people are going to have a party, for instance, parents are asked to leave the house. Their presence merely spoils the fun, what else can the poor parents do but obey?
Children are hardly creatures (far hardier than the psychologists would have us believe) and most of them survive the harmful influence of extreme permissiveness（n. 许可的(随意的)） that is the normal condition（标准条件，正常情况，，正常状态） in the modern household（adj. 家庭的n. 家庭,户）. But a great many do not（不）. The spread of juvenile delinquency（青少年犯罪）is largely due to parental laxity（家庭管教不严）（laxity ['l?ksiti] n.松驰,放纵）. Mother, believing that little Johnny（n. John 的昵称,男人,家伙） can look after himself, is not at home when he returns from（从…回来）school; so little Johnny roams（v. 漫游,
闲逛,徜徉）the streets. The dividing line（分界线）between permissiveness and sheer（adj. 绝对的,全然的,峻峭的 v. 躲开,躲避,使...避开adv. 完全,全然,峻峭）negligence is very fine（很微妙的）indeed.（娇纵和放手不管之间的界线是很微妙的。）
The psychologists have much to answer for（vt. 对...负责(为...担保,因...受责备)）. They should keep their moths（[m?θ]n. 蠹,娥）shut and let parents get on with the job. And if children are knocked about（粗暴地对待,到处游荡） a little bit in the process, it may not really matter too much.（即使在这个过程中，孩子有点儿被粗暴相待，那其实也没有什么大不了）。At least this will help them to develop vigorous views（坚定的主张） of their own and give them something positive to react against（vt. 反抗(反对)）（至少，这有助于他们培养自己坚定的主张，并给他们提供对具体事情做出反应的机会。）. Perhaps there’s some truth in the idea that children who’s had a surfeit（['s?:fit] n. 过食v. 使腻,吃过份）of happiness in their childhood emerge like stodgy（adj. 塞满的(平凡的,式样难看的)） puddings（n. 布丁） and fail to make a success of life.
18. Advertiser Perform a Useful Service to the Community
Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. “It’s iniquitous（[i'nikwit?s] adj. 不正的,不法的,邪恶的）,” they say, “that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that ) should be absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show much profit the big companies are making. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays.”
The poor old consumer! He’d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets （1. 批量销售；市场推销2. (在书店、药店、超级市场、机场等出售的)最便宜的平装书）for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc, from an advertisement.
Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted, it is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at（vt. 凝视(注视)） a blank wall or reading railway bye-laws（n. 地方规章） while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely-printed（整版密密麻麻） columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful（A Cheerful Temper好心情）, witty advertisement makes such a difference to drab（adj. 土褐色的,单调的）wall or a newspaper full of the daily relation to calamities（n. 灾难,不幸事件）.
We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist（v. 供给食物,活下去,生存）without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmers is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!
Another thing we mustn’t forget is the “small ads.” Which are in
2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Obviously, the earliest teachers we have in our lives in most cases are our parents, and they are generally the most involved in the development and education of their children. Yet neither are all parents good teachers nor are those good parents the best teachers. First of all, not all parents are good teachers. As normal individuals, some parents more or less have bad habits. Even though parents almost instinctively devote themselves to cultivating their offspring, the outcome might turn out to be disappointment, for all children tend to unconsciously or subconsciously copy every thing from their parents. Another deficiency of parents as teachers is the fact that most parents are lack of common senses of education. All too often we observe some parents tend to pursue their cherished but failed dream by forcing their children to develop in a prearranged direction. Ironically, if their children did not follow the instructions, the children would be regarded as disobedient or allegedly rebellious. In fact, it is parents rather than their children that virtually disobey common senses. Moreover, some parents are qualified as good teachers, but not all of them are the best ones. When children are in the preliminary school, it is not surprising that parents are capable of teaching their children almost every subject even better than professional teachers in the school. But the situation will not last long. We live in a world where knowledge is accumulated by multiplying and at the same time becomes more and more specialized. Therefore, to be a professional in a certain field today takes much longer time than ever before. No parent is able to be professional in all fields, though they might be experts in one or more fields. Wise parents often release rather than charge their children as early as possible. They are aware of the possibility outside the family. Parents may, nevertheless, help their children much more than do good teachers. Most parts of children education are virtually beyond teachers' reaches. It is parents that supplement. Psychology studies have shown us that parents' love sometimes has astonishingly magic power to their children. Albert Einstein's mother and Forest Gump's mother are both good examples. On the other hand, parents might do their children harm more than do bad teachers as well. The natures of those children whose parents have divorced are often severely distorted. In a word, it is rather superficial to simply say that parents are the best teachers. [404 words] 4. It has been said, "Not everything that is learned is contained in books." Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why? Both experiences and books are very essential resources, and both of them have relevant merits. Experiences are the most direct resources we ever have. Almost our every basic skill came from experiences, such as walking, articulating, reading even thinking. Without experiences, some natural born abilities even might lose. Studies have shown that a baby who was robbed by animals into forest for 12 years lost his ability to talk in human language. Furthermore, it is generally accepted that each and every skill develops by experiences, and that's why people always say practice makes perfect. Books are valuable when knowledge is beyond the scope of our experiences. Perhaps the most obvious examples are those fluent writers. They write various stories, the scopes of which are far beyond any individual's experiences. Take Joyce Carol Oates for example, her productivity has been prodigious, accumulating in less than two decades to nearly thirty titles, including novels, collections of short stories and verse, plays and literary criticism. Although some of them appear to come from her own direct observations, her dreams, and her fears, much more is clearly from the experiences of others. Her fictive world remains strikingly akin to that real one reflected in the daily newspapers, the television news and talk shows, and the popular magazines of our day. Yet either experiences or books may give us wrong information. Our direct observations always are subject to our beliefs, hopes, fears, expectations, and our bias, which might make observations unreliable. People vary in their powers of observation, and the reliability of our observations is no better than the reliability of our memories, which as we know can be deceptive. Information printed in papers sometimes is unreliable either, it may be misprinted, or even deliberately distorted. For example, Definitions such as Marxism, Capitalism, Zionism are totally different in the Oxford Learner's Dictionary of Current English between the original edition and the sanctioned Russian edition. 1
一. 学术文化篇 1. 沉迷网络游戏 李华沉迷于电脑游戏中，影响了学习。作为他的好朋友，你打算怎么帮他呢?请用下面所给的提示词写一篇不少于80字的短文。字迹工整，语言流畅。 提示词：give up concentrate on be (become)interested in ★范文 Li Hua spent too much time playing computer games and he fell behind others. As a good friend of his, I must do something to help him. Firstly, I think it’s very important for him to learn lessons well. He should spend most of his time on his study instead of computer games. Secondly, I must tell him that playing computer games too much is bad for his health, especially for his eyes. So he must give it up. I can play more sports with him after school. Maybe he will become more interested in sports than computer games. And then I'll ask him to concentrate more on his study. Of course, I will try my best to help him with all his subjects. I think I can do it in many fun ways and let him find much fun in studying. At the same time, I'll ask both his parents and our teachers to help him, too. If I try these, I'm sure he will make great progress soon. 2. 怎样学好英语
医博英语写作模板 This article reveals that ______has become one of the prominent issues which are closely related with people’s health/ of the modern society/in the area of antibiotics. (This article reveals that it has become a hot phenomenon currently that more and more people are concerned about ______.) Most people take it for granted that ______. However, it is not always the case. This is indicated in a survey recently made in somewhere by somebody. Scientists found that is it How to deal with it These questions will be discussed in detail below. What is it It is defined as a ______ syndrome characterized by ______, which is caused by ______. It is harmful to health and worse cases may lead to death. What are its symptoms Its symptoms are characterized by ______, etc. What are its harms To account for it, several serious effects have been put forward. To begin with, it not only does harm to our physical and mental health but also results in______. In addition, nothing is more harmful than it to ______. Last but not the least, no issue is as harmful as it to ______, which is a threatening situation we are unwilling to see. What are its risk factors Its pathogenic causes have not been known thoroughly, however the following factors may cause it. Firstly, ______. Secondly, ______. Thirdly, ______. How to prevent The best way to prevent it mainly lies on the following four aspects. Firstly, ______ is especially good for ______. In addition, ______ should be suggested to ______ because it helps to ______. Furthermore, it is helpful to reduce the possibilities of being in the danger of suffering from cardiovascular diseases. Finally, but not the least point is that fat and oily food usually attribute to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is better to take in light food instead of fat and oily food. In general, _____ has become one of the prominent issues in the area of _____ which should be paid more attention to. If the effective measures mentioned above are adopted reasonablely, we will hopefully stay healthy all the time.
2020考博英语作文热点话题预测及范文：创新意识 The cartoon aims at informing us of the significance of the consciousness of innovation. Definitely, no once can deny the importance of it. A innovative spirit can promote the advancement of both individuals and society as a whole. only those who are keeping on creating new things can make continuous progress and maintain competitive edge. To further illustrate the importance of innovation, I would like to take Steve Jobs as a case in point： how could he, a genius who change the way of modern communication, recreation and even our life, invent so many powerful electronic products without a creative spirit ? From my perspective, at no time should we overlook the power of the consciousness of innovation. Furthermore, we need to develop a habit of discovering new things，using new methods and applying new thoughts in our work, study or simply everyday life. “Innovation is the spirit of human being's progress.” A philosopher once said.
1. Television Program and Their Effect on children Television programs regularly entertain, educate, effect and even frighten the majority of our children. Most children are allowed to watch whatever program is on, with little thought on the effect that particular show will have on a child. Most programs can be classed as beneficial or harmful, according to what effect the program might have on a child. The beneficial television programs are mainly thouse（附属房,温室）that educate the young. There are often specials on animal life. A few regular children’s programs develop the child’s interest in school-type learning by stressing numbers and the alphabet, and that encourages him or her to be creative. The beneficial commercials, such as those on anti-smoking, anti-litter, and health, should be included in this category. On the opposite side are the shows, which are generally harmful to children. Many commercials（商业广告）, especially those sponsoring the children’s programs, are deliberately written to create a desire for an unnecessary product such as sugar coated（涂上一层的）cereals and candy. All adult programs that include violence or sex scenes can at best fill a child’s mind with confusing or misleading ideas, and could possibly harden（v. 变硬,使...坚强,涨价）the child to violence. Thoughtful parents will definitely not allow their children to view the bad programs. A child’s viewing time should be limited to watching educationally（adv. 教育的,教育上的,有关教育的）beneficial programs. 2. How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities With the development of modern industry, more and more people are flowing into big cities. Accordingly, the housing problem in big cities is
高考英语作文经典范文十例 假定你是李华，正在一所英国学校学习暑期课程，遇到一些困难，希望得到学,辅导中心(Learning Center)的帮助。根据学校规定，你需书面预约，请按下列要点！一封信： 1.本人简介； 2.求助内容； 3.约定时间； 4.你的联系方式（Email： com; Phone：12345678）。注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯： 3.结束语已为你写好。 Dear Sir / Madam， Look forward to your reply. 范文二 某校英文报开辟了一个专栏：Experience。本期话题是如何解决学习中遇到的困难。请你以“My Approach to Difficulties in Learning”为题，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈自己的一些做法。要求：1.词数100左右； 2.文中不能出现本人相关信息。范文三 假定你是中学生李华。在一位名叫TigerMom的学生家长的博客上，你看到如下内容。请你根据博客内容、写作要点和要求，给这位家长回复。 I’m the mother of a fou rteen-year-old. I have a rule for my daughter: be among the top5 students or get punished in one way or another. She has been doing very well in school, but some friends of mine keep
telling me that I put too much pressure on her. Am I wrong? 写作要点： 1．表明自己的看法； 2．陈述自己的理由（可举例说明）； 3．提出至少两条建议。要求： 1．短文词数不少于100（不含已写好的部分）。 2．内容充实，结构完整，语意连贯。 3．书写须清晰、工整。 Hi，TigerMom， What puzzles you is actually a puzzle for many parents in China. My idea is 范文四 请根据以下提示，结合你校园生活中的一个事例，就与人合作这一话题，用英语写一篇短文。 Working in groups at school is an opportunity to learn more about teamwork. Teamwork shows us how otherpeople’s roles fit the purpose of the group, and it teaches us to be patient and how to respond to different people. 注意：①无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；②除诗歌外，文体不限； ③内容必须结合校园生活中的一个事例；④文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称； ⑤词数为100左右。
2020考博英语作文实用范文三篇 【篇一】2020考博英语作文实用范文 Protecting the Intangible Cultural Heritages Like tangible cultural heritages such as the Great Wall and the Forbidden City, intangible cultural heritages like Peking Opera and Confucius- commemorating rituals are equally crucial. We should make our utmost efforts to preserve intangible heritages because, without heir physical form of existence, they are in greater risk of extinction. 如同长城、故宫之类的物质文化遗产一样，像京剧和祭孔仪式这类非物质文化遗产，也同样至关重要。 我们应不遗余力地去保护非物质遗产，因为它们在不具备物质存有的条件下，失传的可能性更加岌岌可危。 According to UNESCO's Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003), all forms of social customs and habits, folklore, performing arts, rituals, oral traditions, festivals, traditional crafts and various knowledge and practices about nature and universe can be classified as intangible cultural heritages. As a country consisting of a great diversity of ethnic groups and with time-honored history and civilization, China abounds in intangible cultural heritages. Cultural heritages connect modern people with the historical past, allowing them to acquire a cultural and historical identity. Without cultural heritages, we would be rendered absolutely rootless and we would find it hard to cope with challenges at present and in the future.
最新博士英语作文范文经典35篇 1. Television Program and Their Effect on children Television programs regularly entertain, educate, effect and even frighten the majority of our children. Most children are allowed to watch whatever program is on, with little thought on the effect that particular show will have on a child. Most programs can be classed as beneficial or harmful, according to what effect the program might have on a child. The beneficial television programs are mainly thouse that educate the young. There a re often specials on animal life. A few regular children’s programs develop the child’s interest in school-type learning by stressing numbers and the alphablt, and that encourages him or her to be creative. The beneficial commercials, such as those on anti-smoking, anti-litter, and health, should be included in this category. On the opposite side are the shows, which are generally harmful to children. Many commercials, especially those sponsoring the children’s programs, are deliberately written to create a desire for an unnecessary product such as sugar coated cereals and candy. All adult programs that include violence or sex scenes can at best fill a child’s mind with confusing or misleading ideas, and could possib ly harden the child to violence. Thoughtful parents will definitely not allow their children to view the bad programs. A child’s viewing time should be limited to watching educationlly benefical programs. 2. How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities With the development of modern industruy, more and more people are flowing into big cities. Accordingly, the housing problem in big cities is becoming more and more serious. People have offered many solutions to this problem. I think building satellite cities in the suburbs is more practical. The fresh air and beautiful secnery in the suburbs will be appealing to the city citizens, who suffer from air pollution, noises, etc. in the overcrowded city. With more people leaving the city, more space will be available for those remaining. The housing problem in big cities will thus be solved. 3. “The younger generation knows best” Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same comments is made from generation to generation and it is always true. It has never been truer than ti is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideas of their elders. Events, which the older generation remembers vividly, are nothing more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one preceded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed. The old always assume that they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. They don’t like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this precisely what the young are doing. They are questioning the
2019年考博英语作文参考范文【五篇】 01 Schooling and Education It is commonly believed in United States that school is where people go to get an education.Nevertheless， it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important. Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere， whether in the shower or in the job， whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio， from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability， education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education， then，is a very broad， inclusive term. It is a lifelong process， a process that starts long before the start of school， and one that should be an integral part of one’s entire life. Schooling， on the other hand， is a specific， formalized process， whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country， children arrive at school at approximately the same time， take
考博英语作文范文【三篇】 导读：本文考博英语作文范文【三篇】，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 【第一篇：直面困难】任何事业，大至国家事业，小至个人生活，要有所成，必然面对各类困难，这时候，良好的面对困难的品质以及解决困难的方法论方面的问题： 坚持/毅力persistence，乐观being optimistic/positive 团结合作cooperation and teamwork 踏实肯干hardworking 创新意识和好奇心innovation and curiosity 学习意识learning 保持学习习惯(keep the habit of reading and learning 行动实践能力(the ability of action and practice “一屋不扫、何以扫天下” If you cant do great things, do small things in a great way Each person whether rich or poor has his own difficulties, because life is not always full of smiles and flowers. So it is very important to have a correct attitude to face up the difficulties. Different people have different views on it. Some people just want to evade and they haven’t tried their best, so they can’t achieve success in the end. But some people believe