高考必考语法：并列句与状语从句
一、并列句
(一) 并列连词
①They come from the same country，and they are good friends.
②I was glad to meet Jenny again,but I didn't want to spend all day with her.(2013·新课标卷Ⅱ)
③It must have rained last night,for it is wet all over.
④Yesterday, I forgot to pick my daughter up, so she waited in the kindergarten for nearly two hours.
⑤Would you like to leave or would you like to stay? 规律总结：
1．表示并列、顺承关系的并列连词有and。
2. 表示转折关系常用的并列连词有but, yet(然而), whereas(然而，但是), while(然而)等。
3．表示因果关系的并列连词有for, so等。
4．表示选择关系常用的并列连词有or, either ... or ..., not ... but, neither ... nor ...等。
(二) 祈使句＋and/or/otherwise句式
①Work hard and you will succeed.＝If you work hard, you will succeed.
②Hurry up or we will be late.＝
If you don't hurry up, we will be late.
③A few more efforts and you will succeed.＝If you make a few more efforts, you will succeed.
规律总结：
1．祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If ...，＋主句。
2．祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句＝If ... not ...，＋
主句。
二、状语从句
英语中状语从句总共有九类，分别用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是较复杂的语法项目，但是理解起来并不难。从本质上讲，状语从句就是利用不同的关联词语将几个分句连接起来，以表达分句之间的特定逻辑关系。例如：
①I have brought an umbrella because it is raining.(原因)
②I have brought an umbrella in case it rains.(目的)
③I have brought an umbrellaso that I don't get wet.(结果)
④I have brought an umbrella even though it's not raining.(让步)
⑤You don't need bring an umbrellaunless it is raining.(条件)
因此，学习状语从句的关键是掌握引导九类状语从句的关联词，只要能记住关联词，一般都能识别是哪种状语从句，从而正确分析句子结构并理解句子意思。
下面分别对九大类别的状语从句进行举例说明：
（一）时间状语从句时间状语从句表示时间。
引导时间的状语从句的常用引导词有：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until 等。特殊引导词有：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly … when, scarcely … when 等。
1.when/while/as/whenever
①When I went into the office, the teachers were having
a meeting.
②Whil e I was doing my homework, they came in.
③As time goes by, it's getting warmer and warmer.
④When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
⑤We shall go there whenever we are free.
规律总结：
(1)when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。
(2)从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。
(3)从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，可译为"一边……(，一边……)"或"随着……"。(4)如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when, while与as可互换使用。
(5)whenever是when的强势语，它描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作，翻译成"无论何时"。
2.when的特殊用法
①He was about to go to bed when the doorbell rang.
②They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out.
③They had just arrived home when it began to rain.
规律总结：
when引导时间状语从句，意为"正在这时"，表示某件事正要发生、正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。常见句型有：
①was/were about to do sth. when...
=was/were on the point of doing sth. when...
②was/were doing sth. when...
③had (just) done sth. when...
3．表示"刚……就……，一……就……"的常用表达
①The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming
②The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.
③He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.
＝No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.(2011·辽宁高考)
④I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
=Hardly had I got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
⑤Once you see him, you will never forget him.
规律总结：
(1)as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner ... than ..., hardly/scarcely ... when ...和once这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为"一……就……"。
(2)no sooner ... than ...，hardly/scarcely ... when ...的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词
应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely 提到句首时，应用倒装语序。
【注意】"一……就……"还可用on /upon doing 结构来表示。
On arriving home he called up Lester.=As soon as he arrived home, he called up Lester.
4．before与since
①You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason before you reach any decision.(2013·湖南高考)
②It will be five yea rs before we meet again.
③John thinks it won't be long before he is ready for his new job.(陕西高考)
④It was several years before I realized that David had lied to me.
⑤It was not long before I realized I was wrong.
⑥As is reported, it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.(2011·四川高考)
规律总结：
(1)before表示"还未……就……；不到……就……；……才……；趁……；还没来得及……就……，在……之前"。
(2)It will be＋时间段＋before +一般现在时。"要过多久才……"
(3)It won't be long before +一般现在时。"不久之后就会…"。
(4)It was＋时间段＋before+一般过去时。"过了多久才……"。
(5)It wasn't long before+一般过去时。"没过多久就……"
(6)It is＋一段时间＋since ..."自从……多久了"。
5．表示"每次；下一次……"的常用表达
①Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.
②Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.
③The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.规律总结：
every time, each time, next time, the last time, any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示"每当……；每次……；下次……"等。
6．till, until和not ... until
①Have you heard the meeting will be put
off till/until next Tuesday?
②I won not tell the student the answer to the math problem until he has been working on it for more than an hour.
规律总结：
(1)until或till表示"某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止"，此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。(2)not ... until表示"某动作直到某时间才开始"，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式。
（二）地点状语从句地点状语从句表示地点、方位。
引导地点状语从句的常用的引导词是where ；
特殊引导词有：wherever。
例如：
①Make a mark where you have a question.
②Where there is a will, there is a way.
③Where there is water there is life.
④Generally speaking, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
⑤You are free to go wherever you like.
⑥Wherever you go, you must obey the law.
⑦Wherever you go, you should work hard. ⑧Sit wherever you like.
规律总结：
(1)地点状语从句通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。
(2)地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。
（三）原因状语从句原因状语从句表示原因或理由。
引导原因状语从句的常用引导词有：because, since, as , for,now (that)等。特殊引导词有：seeing(that), in (that), considering (that)等。
例如：
①He is disappointed because he didn't get the position.
②As it is raining, I will not go out.
③As he didn't know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .
④Since everyone is here, let's begin our meeting.⑤Now that you mention it, I do remember.
⑥Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.
⑦Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.
⑧Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite good job.
（四）目的状语从句目的状语从句用来说明主句中发生的目的。目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。
引导目的状语从句的引导词或词组有：that,so that, in order that
特殊引导词有：lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that
例如：
①Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.
②She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.
③They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .
④He left early in case he should miss the train.
⑤Put on more clothes lest (= fo r fear that ) you should catch cold.
（五）结果状语从句结果状语从句表示事态结果，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。
引导结果状语从句的常用引导词有：so,that,so that,so … that, such … that。例如：
①She was ill, so that she didn't attend the meeting.
②He was so excited that he could not say a word.
③She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.
④He gave such important reasons that he was excused.
⑤It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.
⑥It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.
【注意】so...that 如此……以致……。其引导的果状语从句有如下四种结构：
1．so + 形容词副词 + that从句
①The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.
②The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.
2．so + 形容词 + a/ an + 单数名词 + that从句
①It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.
②He made so inspiring a spee ch that everybody got excited.
3．so + many/few +复数可数名词+ that从句
①I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.
②He has so few friend that he often feels lonely. 4．so + much/little +不可数名词 + that从句
①I had so little money then that I couldn't eve n afford
a used car.
②He drank so much wine last night that he felt terrible.
【注意】such...that 如此……以致……。其引导的结果语从句有如下四种结构：
1．such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that从句
①Jenny is such a clever girl that all of us like her very much.
②We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.
2．such + 形容词 +复数可数名词+ that从句
①He gave such important reasons that he was excused.
②They are such interesting novels that all of us want to read them.
3．such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that从句
①He made such rapid progress that the teacher prais ed him.
②He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.
提示：such+ a /an+形容词+单数名词结构可以和so +形容词+a an+单数名词结构互换。
He told us such a funny story that we all laughed. =He told us so funny a story that we all laughed.
=The story he told us was so funny that we all laughed. 【区别】such/ so……that……引导的状语从句和such/ so……as……引导的定语从句。
①He is such a clever boy that we everyone likes him. (状语从句)
②He is so clever a boy that we everyone likes him (状语从句)
③She had such a fright that she fainted. (状语从句)
④He is so clever a boy as everyone likes. ( 定语从句)
⑤He is such a clever boy as everyone likes. ( 定语
从句)
⑥Luckily such earthquakes as can cause a lot of damage don't happen very often.（定语从句）
（六）条件状语从句条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件句。
引导条件状语从句的常用引导词有：if, unless 特殊引导
词有：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose/supposing that, in case that, on condition that，so (as) far as, if only ( = if )。
注意：条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。
例如：
①If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.
②You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.
③So far as I know, he will be away for three months.
④You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you don't go too far away from the river bank.
⑤If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.
A .if真实条件句
真实条件句表示的假设是可能发生或实现的，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用陈述语气。
①If he doesn't come at 8, we won't wait for him.
②If a flood happened in the past, there was usually
a great loss of life and property.
B．if非真实条件句
在含有非真实条件句的复合句中，假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气。（本部分详见语法专题九：虚拟语气）
（七）让步状语从句让步状语从句表示让步关系。
引导让步状语从句常用的引导词有：though, although, even if, even though 特殊引导词有：as(用在让步状语从
句中必须要倒装)，while (一般用在句首 )，in spite of the fact that, whether...or (not) , no matter+特殊疑问词,whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever等.
例如：
①Altho ugh he is a child, he knows a lot.
②Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.
③Although (Though) he was over sixty, he began to learn French.
④I'll go to work even if (though) it rains tomorrow.
⑤Whether you believe it or not, it's true.
⑥Whatever you say, I'll never change my mind.
⑦Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.
⑧No matter who helps me ,I shall be very grateful.
⑨No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.
（八）方式状语从句方式状语从句表示动作的方式。
引导方式状语从句的引导词有：as, as if (though)等。
例如：
①You must do the exercise as I show you.
②Do as you are told.
③She looks as if she is ill.
④They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.
⑤He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.
规律总结：
as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，用陈述语气。
（九）比较状语从句比较状语从句表示比较关系。
引导比较状语从句的引导词有：than, so (as) … as, the more … the more等。
例如：
①I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.
②She has made greater progress this year than she did last year.③He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.
④Mary i s as old as my sister.
⑤The more you read, the better you understand.
= If you read more, you will understand better.
⑥The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.
⑦The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
⑧The sooner, the better.
⑨The busier he is, the happier he feels.
⑩The more difficult the questions are, the less likely I am to be able to answer them.
（十）使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题
1、在时间和条件（有时在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。
例如：
第12讲并列句和状语从句两个或两个以上的简单句用连在一起构成的句子叫做并列句，其基本结构是“+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。状语从句是在句子中起副词作用的句子。根据状语从句在句中不同的作用可分为：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较状语从句。并列连词和从属连词是高考的重要考点之一，在语法填空中通常以无提示词的方式进行考查，在短文改错中主要考查并列连词和从属连词的误用。并列句和状语从句的考点如下： 核心考点01考查并列连词 并列连词是用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子的词,主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。并列连词在句子中位置比较固定,必须位于所连接的并列单位之间;两个并列连词不能并用。 1.表示并列关系的连词 表示并列关系的连词有and, both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等。 2.表示选择关系的连词 表示选择关系的连词有or, either...or...等。 3.表示转折关系的连词 表示转折关系的连词有but, yet, while等。 4.表示因果关系的连词 表示因果关系的连词有for，so。 We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families. 作并列连词的用法
when除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,还可作并列连词,其意义为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式: ①sb. was doing sth. when... ②sb. was about to/going to do sth. when... ③sb. was on the point of doing sth. when... ④sb. had just done sth. when...。如: We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。 作并列连词的用法 while除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,也可作并列连词,意为“而, 却”,表示对比。如: He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐, 而我喜欢民间音乐。 I like playing the piano while my sister likes playing the violin. 我喜欢弹钢琴，而我妹妹喜欢拉小提琴。 典例分析1 (2017 北京卷)—Peter, please send us postcards_________ we’ll know where you have visited. —No problem. 【解析】句意:——彼得, 请给我们邮寄明信片, 这样我们就能知道你参观过哪些地方。——没问题。根据句意可知，第一句中前后两个分句为因果关系, 所以填so。 【答案】so 典例分析2 He is a shy man, _________he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 【解析】句意:他是一个腼腆的人,但是他不惧怕任何人和任何事。根据前后句意可知,这里需要一个表示转折关系的连词。 【答案】but 典例分析3 You have to move out of the way_________ the truck cannot get past you.? 【解析】句意:你得让让路,不然卡车过不去。根据句子结构和句意可知,空格处应该用or,表示一个否定的条件,意为“不然的话”。 【答案】or
第12讲并列句和状语从句两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。状语从句是在句子中起副词作用的句子。根据状语从句在句中不同的作用可分为：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较状语从句。并列连词和从属连词是高考的重要考点之一，在语法填空中通常以无提示词的方式进行考查，在短文改错中主要考查并列连词和从属连词的误用。并列句和状语从句的考点如下： 核心考点01考查并列连词 并列连词是用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子的词,主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。并列连词在句子中位置比较固定,必须位于所连接的并列单位之间;两个并列连词不能并用。 1.表示并列关系的连词 表示并列关系的连词有and,both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等。 2.表示选择关系的连词 表示选择关系的连词有or,either...or...等。 3.表示转折关系的连词 表示转折关系的连词有but,yet,while等。 4.表示因果关系的连词 表示因果关系的连词有for，so。 We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families. 5.when作并列连词的用法
when除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,还可作并列连词,其意义为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式: ①sb.was doing sth.when... ②sb.was about to/going to do sth.when... ③sb.was on the point of doing sth.when... ④sb.had just done sth.when...。如: We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。 6.while作并列连词的用法 while除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,也可作并列连词,意为“而,却”,表示对比。如: He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐,而我喜欢民间音乐。 I like playing the piano while my sister likes playing the violin. 我喜欢弹钢琴，而我妹妹喜欢拉小提琴。 典例分析1 (2017北京卷)—Peter, please send us postcards_________ we’ll know where you have visited. —No problem. 【解析】句意:——彼得, 请给我们邮寄明信片, 这样我们就能知道你参观过哪些地方。——没问题。根据句意可知，第一句中前后两个分句为因果关系, 所以填so。 【答案】so 典例分析2 He is a shy man, _________he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 【解析】句意:他是一个腼腆的人,但是他不惧怕任何人和任何事。根据前后句意可知,这里需要一个表示转折关系的连词。 【答案】but 典例分析3 You have to move out of the way_________ the truck cannot get past you. 【解析】句意:你得让让路,不然卡车过不去。根据句子结构和句意可知,空格处应该用or,表示一个否定的条件,意为“不然的话”。 【答案】or
高考必考语法：并列句与状语从句 一、并列句 (一) 并列连词 ①They come from the same country，and they are good friends. ②I was glad to meet Jenny again,but I didn't want to spend all day with her.(2013·新课标卷Ⅱ) ③It must have rained last night,for it is wet all over. ④Yesterday, I forgot to pick my daughter up, so she waited in the kindergarten for nearly two hours. ⑤Would you like to leave or would you like to stay? 规律总结： 1．表示并列、顺承关系的并列连词有and。 2. 表示转折关系常用的并列连词有but, yet(然而), whereas(然而，但是), while(然而)等。 3．表示因果关系的并列连词有for, so等。 4．表示选择关系常用的并列连词有or, either ... or ..., not ... but, neither ... nor ...等。
(二) 祈使句＋and/or/otherwise句式 ①Work hard and you will succeed.＝If you work hard, you will succeed. ②Hurry up or we will be late.＝ If you don't hurry up, we will be late. ③A few more efforts and you will succeed.＝If you make a few more efforts, you will succeed. 规律总结： 1．祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If ...，＋主句。 2．祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句＝If ... not ...，＋ 主句。 二、状语从句 英语中状语从句总共有九类，分别用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是较复杂的语法项目，但是理解起来并不难。从本质上讲，状语从句就是利用不同的关联词语将几个分句连接起来，以表达分句之间的特定逻辑关系。例如： ①I have brought an umbrella because it is raining.(原因) ②I have brought an umbrella in case it rains.(目的)
并列句和状语从句讲解 一简单句 主语+谓 1 主语+Vt+宾语（动宾结构） 2 主语+Vt+宾语+宾补 3 主语+Vt+宾语（Sb）+宾语（Sb）(双宾语) 4 主语+Vi 5主语+Vi+介词+宾语（介宾） 6主语+系动词+表语（系表结构） 二并列句 1 表示递进 2 表示选择 3 表示转折 4 表示因果 三复合句 1 定语从句 2 名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 3 状语从句：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、比较 一并列句 1 表示递进：and, not only…but also…,neither…nor…,not…but… 2 表示选择：or, either…or…,otherwise 就近原则：Neither he nor I am living here. Either he or I am living here. Not only he but also I am living here. 3 表示转折：but, yet, whereas, while 4 表示因果：so, as, for, because, since, now that 二状语从句 1 时间状语从句 (1)when, while, as (2)as soon as, immediately, instantly, directly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner…than…,hardly/scarcely…when… The moment/Immediately I heard the voice, I knew Father was coming. No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. Hardly had we got home when it began to rain. (3)till, until, not…until(部分倒装，强调句) I didn’t know about it until you told me.
第12讲并列句和状语从句 两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。状语从句是在句子中起副词作用的句子。根据状语从句在句中不同的作用可分为：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较状语从句。并列连词和从属连词是高考的重要考点之一，在语法填空中通常以无提示词的方式进行考查，在短文改错中主要考查并列连词和从属连词的误用。并列句和状语从句的考点如下： 核心考点01 考查并列连词 并列连词是用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子的词,主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。并列连词在句子中位置比较固定,必须位于所连接的并列单位之间;两个并列连词不能并用。 1.表示并列关系的连词 表示并列关系的连词有and, both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等。 2.表示选择关系的连词 表示选择关系的连词有or, either...or...等。 3.表示转折关系的连词 表示转折关系的连词有but, yet, while等。 4.表示因果关系的连词
表示因果关系的连词有for，so。 We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families. 5.when作并列连词的用法 when除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,还可作并列连词,其意义为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式: ①sb. was doing sth. when... ②sb. was about to/going to do sth. when... ③sb. was on the point of doing sth. when... ④sb. had just done sth. when...。如: We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。 6.while作并列连词的用法 while除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,也可作并列连词,意为“而, 却”,表示对比。如: He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐, 而我喜欢民间音乐。 I like playing the piano while my sister likes playing the violin.
高考必考语法精讲精练 语法专题十一：并列句与状语从句 状语从句是比较重要的语法项目。《2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中将状语从句列为必考项。全国卷新课标Ⅰ对状语从句的考查一般在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错中，主要考查从句引导词的用法。 2020年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查状语从句。 2020年高考全国卷Ⅰ第43题（完形填空）考查了状语从句引导词Since /Although /As /If 的选择。 2020年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查状语从句。 一、并列句 (一) 并列连词 ①They come from the same country，and they are good friends. ②I was glad to meet Jenny again, but I didn't want to spend all day with her.(2013·新课标卷Ⅱ) ③It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over. ④Yesterday, I forgot to pick my daughter up, so she waited in the kindergarten for nearly two hours. ⑤Would you like to leave or would you like to stay? 规律总结： 1．表示并列、顺承关系的并列连词有and。 2. 表示转折关系常用的并列连词有but, yet(然而), whereas(然而，但是), while(然而)等。3．表示因果关系的并列连词有for, so等。 4．表示选择关系常用的并列连词有or, either ... or ..., not ... but, neither ... nor ...等。 (二) 祈使句＋and/or/otherwise句式 ①Work hard and you will succeed. ＝If you work hard, you will succeed. ②Hurry up or we will be late. ＝If you don't hurry up, we will be late. ③A few more efforts and you will succeed. ＝If you make a few more efforts, you will succeed. 规律总结： 1．祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If ...，＋主句。 2．祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句＝If ... not ...，＋主句。 二、状语从句 英语中状语从句总共有九类，分别用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是较复杂的语法项目，但是理解起来并不难。从本质上讲，状语从句就是利用不同的关联词语将几个分句连接起来，以表达分句之间的特定逻辑关系。例如： ①I have brought an umbrella because it is raining.(原因)
并列句与状语从句 2018.01 Ⅰ.根据语境填入适当的连词 1．Bringtheflowersintoawarmroom__and__they'llsoonopen. 2．OneFriday,wewerepackingtoleaveforaweekendaway__when__mydaughter heardcriesforhelp. 3．Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday，__but/yet__hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”higher. 4．Ithenrealizedshehadnoarms__or__legs,justahead,neckandtorso. 5．Hetooktheoldmannotjustacrosstheriver,__but__tohishome. 6．...thegovernmentofadevelopedcountrymaywellprefertoseeaslowlyincreasin gpopulation,ratherthanonewhichisstable__or__indecline. 7．Standoverthere__and__you'llbeabletoseetheoilpaintingbetter. 8．Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,__for__hiseyesightwasbeginningtofa il. 9．Startoutrightaway,__or__you'llmissthefirsttrain. 10．Wewereswimminginthelake__when__suddenlythestormstarted. 11．WearegoingtothebookstoreinJohn'scar.Youcancomewithus__or__youcan meetustherelater. 12．Atlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshade__and_ _satdowntoeatourpicniclunch. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．(2014·江苏，21改编)Lessonscanbelearnedtofacethefuture__though/although__historycannotbechang ed. 解析：对比分析两个句子的意思可知从句表达的意思是“虽然；尽
专题六并列句和状语从句 ◆并列句的考查要点 1．并列句的基本概念 并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成的。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。 2．常见的并列连词 (1)表示递进或顺承关系：常用的并列连词有and，notonly...but (also)．..等。Hehadplentyofmoneyandhespentitfreely. Notonlydidhespeakmorecorrectly，butalsohespokemoreeasily. (2)表示选择关系：常用的并列连词有or，either...or...等。 Eitheryouareright，orIam. (3)表示转折关系：常用的并列连词有but，yet，whereas等。 Janesaidshewasill，yetIsawherinthestreetjustnow. Someofthestudiesshowpositiveresults，whereasothersdonot. (4)表示因果关系：常用的并列连词有so，for等。 Itmusthaverainedlastnight，foritiswetallover. Theshopswereclosed，soIdidn’tgetanymilk. (5)when还可用作并列连词，意为“那时，这时”，相当于andatthis/that time。常用于下列句式：①sb.was doing sth.when...；②sb.was about to do/goingtodo/onthepointofdoingsth.when...； ③sb.hadjustdonesth.when...。 Wewerehavingameetingwhensomeonebrokein. Wewereabouttosetoffwhenitsuddenlybegantorain. (6)while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。 Helikespopmusic，whileIamfondoffolkmusic. 题组训练1 语法填空 1．—Iwonderhowmuchyouchargeforyourservices. —Thefirsttwoarefreewhilethethirdcosts30. 2．Tomwasabouttoclosethewindowwhenhisattentionwascaughtbyabird. 3．Don’tdrivesofast，oryou’llhaveanaccident. 4．Sheisseriouslyill，but/yetshedoesn’tgiveuphope. 5．Heisagoodteacher，so/andheisverypopularwithstudents. ◆时间状语从句的考查要点
高三英语专项训练9并列句和状语从句 班级：____________ 姓名：______________ 1．________ online shopping has changed our life，not all of its effects have been positive. 2．________ the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for. 3．It was time for her to have a new baby，________ __it was also time for the young panda to be independent. 4．You probably know who Marie Curie was，________ you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. 5．The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful，________ they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. 6．I learned that ________ you fall in love with something and do it all the time，you will get better at it. 7．However，Mexicans may use silence________instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. 8．For example，Let’s number the letters of the alphabet，in order，from 1 to 26.________ we substitute a number for each letter，the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.” 9．________you do，don’t be a bystander.Get involved. 10．He is a shy man, ________ he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 11．Some animals carry seeds from one place to another，________ plants can spread to new places. 12．Give me a chance，________ I’ll give you a wonderful surprise. 13．It is so cold that you can’t go outside ________ fully covered in thick clothes. 14．________ the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it. 15．You won’t find paper cutting difficult ________ long as you keep practicing it. 16．________ the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
高考英语语法-并列句和状语从句，题型全覆盖 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 1．Lessons can be learned to face the future __though/although__history cannot be changed. 解析：对比分析两个句子的意思可知从句表达的意思是“虽然；尽管”。句意为：虽然历史不能被改变，但是可以学习经验来面对未来。设空处引导让步状语从句，故填though/although。 2．You will never gain success __unless__you are fully devoted to your work. 解析：根据句意可知主从句间是条件关系，且对比分析两句话间“主将从现”的时态及主句中的否定词never可知用表条件的unless(if...not)。句意为：除非你完全投入到你的工作中，否则你永远无法取得成功。 3．He is a shy man，__but__he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 解析：but用来连接并列但语义对比的两个句子。句意：他是个腼腆的人，但他并不怕任何事或任何人。 4．__Once__the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
解析：once一旦。句意：一旦造成损害，土地要好多年才能恢复。 5．We need to get to the root of the problem__before__we can solve it. 解析：本题考查状语从句的连词。before表示“主句发生在从句之前”。句意：在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。 6．__Although/Though__the job takes a significant amount of time，most students agree that the experience is worth it. 解析：although/though虽然(表示“虽然”时，不在后面使用连词but，不过有时它可与yet，still，nevertheless等副词连用)。句意：虽然那个工作要花大量的时间，但是大多数学生都觉得这次经历是值得的。 7．That's why I help brighten people's days.If you__don't__，who's to say that another person will? 解析：考查if引导的条件状语从句。在if引导的条件状语从句中，如果从句谈论的是一个有可能发生的事实及其产生的相关的结果，主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。此句中的who's to say that another person will用的是将来时，故if引导的条件状语从句要用一般现在时。句意：这就是为什么我要使人们的日子变得鲜活起来。如果你不这样做，你说谁会这样做？ 8．There is only one more day to go__before__your favorite music group play live.
并列句与状语从句 2018.01 Ⅰ.根据语境填入适当的连词 1．Bring the flowers into a warm room __and__ they'll soon open. 2．One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away __when__ my daughter heard cries for help. 3．He was very tired after doing this for a whole day，__but/yet__ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher. 4．I then realized she had no arms __or__ legs, just a head, neck and torso. 5．He took the old man not just across the river, __but__ to his home. 6．... the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable __or__ in decline. 7．Stand over there __and__ you'll be able to see the oil painting better. 8．He found it increasingly difficult to read, __for__ his eyesight was beginning to fail. 9．Start out right away, __or__ you'll miss the first train. 10．We were swimming in the lake __when__ suddenly the storm started. 11．We are going to the bookstore in John's car. You can come with us __or__ you can meet us there later. 12．At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade __and__ sat down to eat our picnic lunch.
高中英语语法：并列句和状语从句 常见的并列连词 1. and和or ◆and的用法如下： (1) 表示另加：其意为“和”“又”“而且”。如： ?Let me have some toasts and a cup of coffee. 给我来几片烤面包和一杯咖啡。 (2) 表示结果：意为“因此”，与so的用法比较接近。如： ?He fell heavily and broke his arm. 他摔得很重，手臂都摔断了。 (3) 表示条件：相当于if…then，含有“如果……那么……”的意味。如： ?Do that again and I’ll call a policeman. 你再这样做我就要叫警察了。 (4) 表示连续：既可表示一种连续不断的状态，也可以表示一个动作完成之后连续做另一个动作。如：?The train ran faster and faster. 火车开得越来越快。 ?He finished lunch and went shopping. 他吃完午饭而后去买东西。 (5) 表示对比：含有“尽管……还”的意味。如： ?Tom’s 15 and still sucks his thumb. 汤姆15岁了，还嘬大拇指。 ◆并列连词or要比and用法简单此，它主要表示选择，其意为“或”“还是”等。如： ?It’s a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl? 宝宝真可爱，是男孩还是女孩? ?He speaks French, or perhaps he understands it. 他会讲法语，或者他懂法语。 另外，or还可以表示一种否定的条件，相当于if…not…如： ◆Be careful, or you’ll break that vase! 小心，否则你会把那花瓶打碎。 =If you don’t be careful, you’ll break that vase. 2. 表对比或转折的连词主要有but和yet (1) but的用法：其意为“但”“但是”“却”。如： ?He looked around but could see nobody. 他向四周望望，却没看见什么人。 ?I know of the town but I’ve never been there. 我知道有这座城市，但从未去过。 (2) yet的用法：其意也表示“但是”“却”，与but用法相似，有时可换。如： ?It is strange yet true. 这很奇怪，却是真实的。 ?I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失败了，但我还要尝试。
并列句和状语从句 1. I don’t believe we ‘ve met before, ____ I must say you do look familiar. A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless 2. You have to move out of the way____ the truck cannot get past you. A. so B. or C. and D. but 3. I had hardly got to the office ____ my wife phoned me to go back home at once. A. when B. than C. until D. after 4. Everything was placed exactly ___ he wanted it for the graduation ceremony. A. while B. when C. where D. though 5. He smiled politely ____ Mary apologized for her drunken friends. A. as B. if C. unless D. though 6. A number of high buildings have arisen____ there was nothing a years ago but ruins. 7. Hot ____ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. A. although B. as C. while D. however 8. All the photographs in this book , ____ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s. A. unless B. until C. once D. if 9. You can borrow my car ____ you promise not to drive too fast. A. unless B. even if C. in case D. as long as 10. ----Look at those clouds! ----Don’t worry.____ it rains, we’ll still have a great time. A. Even if B. As though C. In case D. If only 11. It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties ____ it gets more financial support from the European Union.. A. if B. unless C. because D. since 12.____ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A. A. While B. Once C. If D. Until 13.____ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount
第 六讲并列句与状语从句 并列句 考点1 并列连词 1．—Peter，please send us postcards ________ we’ll know where you have visited.—No problem.(2017·北京，22) A．but B．or C．for D．so 答案 D 解析句意为：——彼得，请寄给我们明信片，这样(so)我们就知道你去哪里旅游了。——没问题。后面表示结果，故用so。but表转折；or表选择；for是表因果关系的连词，后接原因。2．He is a shy man，________ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.(2015·北京，25) A．so B．but C．or D．as 答案 B 解析句意为：他是一个害羞的人，但是他并不害怕任何事和任何人。由空格前后两个分句的句意可知，前后为转折关系，所以应用but。 考点归纳 1．表示转折关系：常用的并列连词有but，yet，nevertheless。 He tried hard but he was unsuccessful. 他尽了力，但是没有成功。 The car was old，yet/nevertheless it was in excellent condition. 车子虽然旧了但车况很好。
2．表示因果关系：常用的并列连词有for，so，therefore。 It must be snowing，for it’s so bright outside. 肯定下雪了。外面这么亮。 It was already rather late，so we decided to go home. 天已经很晚了，所以我们决定回家。 You are in the right，therefore we should support you. 你是对的，所以我们应当支持你。 3．表递进或顺承关系：常用的并列连词有and，not only...but also。 This article is well-written and you’d better read it. 这篇文章写得很好，你最好看看。 Not only is he himself interested in the computer but also his son is beginning to show an interest in it. 不仅他对电脑感兴趣，而且他的儿子也开始对电脑感兴趣。 4．表示选择关系：常用的并列连词有or，either...or。 Either you must improve your work or we shall dismiss you. 要么你好好干，要么我们就辞退你。 5．有时并列句中的分句通过破折号、分号等来表示并列关系。 Stand up；it is your turn to speak now. 站起来，该轮到你了。 I don’t go—you must go. 我不去，你必须去。 状语从句 考点2 时间状语从句 1．If you don’t understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people ________ you figure it out.(2017·北京，28) A．because B．though C．until D．since 答案 C 解析句意为：如果不了解某个事物，你可以研究、学习、与他人探讨，直到(until)弄清楚。until直到……为止，引导时间状语从句，符合语境。because因为，引导原因状语从句；though 尽管，引导让步状语从句；since自……以来，由于，可引导时间状语从句或原因状语从句。2．_____ the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for. (2016·天津，7)