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最新1月全国自考自动控制理论(二)试卷及答案解析.docx

全国 2018 年 1 月自考自动控制理论(二 )试卷

课程代码： 02306

一、单项选择题 (本大题共 15 小题，每小题 2 分，共 30 分 )

在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.在比例积分控制器中，若积分时间Ti 取得过大，则 ()

A. 动态偏差较小

B. 被控量产生激烈振荡

C.动态偏差过大

D. 积分控制作用增强

2.一阶系统 G(s)= Ts 1

的时间常数T愈大，则系统响应到达稳态值的时间()

A. 愈短

B. 愈长

C.不变

D. 不定

3.若劳斯阵列表中第一列的系数为(3， -2，1， -2，4)T，则在根平面的右半部分的特征根有()

A.1 个

B.2 个

C.3 个

D.4 个

4.在伯德图中反映系统的稳态性能的是()

A. 低频段

B.中频段

C.高频段

D.超高频段

x 1

u, y 0 1 x

5.设系统1则 ()

A. 状态可控且可观测

B.状态可控但不可观测

C.状态不可控且不可观测

D. 状态不可控但可观测

6.传递函数只适合于()

A. 线性系统

B.线性定常系统

C.线性时变系统

D. 非线性系统

7.单位脉冲输入函数r(t) 的数学表达式是r(t)=()

A.1

B.1(t)

C.δ(t)

D.(t)

8.当二阶系统的特征根为不相等的负实数时，系统的阻尼比为()

A. ζ<0

B. ζ =0

C.0<ζ <1

D.ζ >1

10s 1

9.若某校正环节传递函数为Gc(s)= 100s1

，则其频率特性当ω变化至∞时，相位移θ(∞ )=

()

A.-90 °

B.0 °

C.90°

D.180°

10.已知积分环节 G(jω )= j

的对数幅频特性曲线为一直线，其斜率为()

A.-40dB ／dec

B.-20dB ／dec

C.20dB／ dec

D.40dB／dec

K (0.5s 1)( 0.5s2)

11.设开环传递函数为G(s)=s(0.5s 3)，其根轨迹的终点为 ()

A.0 ， -3

B.0 ，-6

C.-1， -2

D.-2， -4

K (s 1)

12.系统开环传递函数由G(s)H(s)= s(s 2)(s3)

，其根轨迹渐近线的倾角为()

A. ±30°

B.± 45°

C± 60° D.± 90°

13.由电子线路构成的控制器如题13 图所示，它是 ()

A.P 控制器

B.PI 控制器

C.PD 控制器

D.PID 控制器

14.稳态速度误差系数Kv=()

lim G(s) H (s) lim sG( s) H ( s)

A. s 0

B. s 0

lim s 2 G(s)H (s)

lim

G(s)H ( s)

C. s 0

s 0

15.在系统的状态方程

中， A 为 n ×n 方阵，则 (

)

A. 系统可能有 n 个特征值

B. 系统特征值个数小于 n

C.系统有且仅有 n 个特征值

D.系统特征值个数大于 n

二、填空题 (本大题共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，共 10 分 )

请在每小题的空格中填上正确答案。错填、不填均无分。

16.一个自动控制系统包括控制器、 ________和测量变送元件几个部分。

17.环节或系统的负载对环节或系统传递函数的影响，称为 ________。

18.单位斜坡函数的数学表达式为 ________。

19.当系统的闭环极点都具有

________时，系统是稳定的。

20.设惯性环节的传递函数为 G(s)=

Ts 1

，则惯性环节的频率特性幅值 |G(j ω )|=_______。

21.特征函数 F(s)的零点是系统闭环传递函数的 ________。

22.系统没有输入作用，仅在初始条件下，输出随时间增大而趋于零的系统称为 ________系统。

23.控制系统的稳定性和动态响应的性能与系统的闭环 ________密切相关。

24.根轨迹法是 ________域分析方法的一种。

25.当系统用 n 阶状态方程

表示时，系统的特征多项式为

________。

三、名词解释题 (本大题共 4 小题，每小题 3 分，共 12 分)

26.闭环控制系统

27.稳态位置误差系数 Kp

28.增益裕量

29.主导极点

四、问答题（本大题共

4 小题，每小题

5 分，共 20 分）

30．励磁控制系统由哪几部分组成？

31．试分析并画出一阶系统

G(s)=

在不同放大倍数

K （K1

32．试问闭环系统的截止频率ω b 愈大，时域响应曲线的峰值时间tp 和调整时间ts 愈大还是愈小？对系统动态性能有何影响？

33．试画出一阶滞后环节Ts 1 的状态变量图，并说明状态变量图由哪几种图形符号组成。

五、计算题 (本大题共 3 小题，第 34 小题 8 分，第 35、 36 小题每小题 10 分，共 28 分 )

34.设控制系统的方框图如题34 图所示，试求r(t)=1(t) ， d(t)=2t 同时作用时的稳态误差ess。

35.如题 35 图所示电路中， ur(t) 为输入电压， uo(t) 为输出电压，试列出系统的微分方程式，并求系统

U o (s)

的传递函数U

(s)

。

K(0.2s 1)

36.设负反馈系统的开环传递函数为 G(s)H(s)= ( 0.5s

1)(0.1s 1) ，试绘制根轨迹。

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