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２００９ 年 １２ 月英语四级考试写作方法与技巧选词 一，选词的含义及标准 四级作文考查的是写作的基本功，其准确用词包括三重含义：一 是书写正确，即拼写和大小写等无误；二是词义正确，即所用的词确 定能表达自己的意图；三是用法正确，包括词的语法搭配关系（如动词 类型词组）和意义搭配关系（如主语和谓语的意义关系）等．
选词的标准是：所选的词应该准确达意，通俗易懂，并符合英语 的表达习惯．选词的重要性我们不再赘述，这里我们着重介绍由于用 词不当而造成的错误现象．错误现象的成因很多，而形近词的误用是 出错的重要原因之一．比如：有个美国学生在作文中这样写道：Ｍｙ ｇｏａｌ ｉｎ ｌｉｆｅ ｉｓ ｔｏ ｂｅ ａ ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓ， ａｎｄ ｗｈｅｎ Ｉ ｒｅｔｉｒｅ Ｉ ｗａｎｔ ｔｏ ｄｅｖｏｔｅ ｍｙ ｍｏｎｅｙ ｔｏ ｐｈｉｌａｎｄｅｒｉｎｇ．（我人生的目标是取得成功，我退休后要把钱用 来玩弄女性．）这个学生把最后一个词弄错了，他原来想说的词是 ｐｈｉｌａｎｔｈｒｏｐｙ（慈善事业），结果意思相差十万八千里．
下面我们从句子和段落两方面， 通过具体实例来说明选词在短文 写作中的重要性，以及因为选词不当而造成的错误现象．
【例 １】 Ｇｏｏｄ ｓｔｕｄｙ ｈａｂｉｔｓ ａｔｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄ ｔｏ ｈｉｓ ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅ ｏｎ ｔｅｓｔｓ．
【分析】该句中的 ａｔｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄ ｔｏ 意为＂把……归于；认为是……的
原因＂ ，用在这是不符合句意的．我们知道 ｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｅ ｔｏ 意为＂助于； 促成＂ ，所以这里是因词义混淆而产生的句子的逻辑错误．
【更正】Ｇｏｏｄ ｓｔｕｄｙ ｈａｂｉｔｓ ｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｅ ｔｏ ｈｉｓ ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅ ｏｎ ｔｅｓｔｓ．
【例 ２】 Ｔｈｅ ｊｏｉｎｔ ｖｅｎｔｕｒｅ ａｎｄ ｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｖｅ ａｒｅ ｔｈｅ ｔｗｏ ｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｍｅｎｔ ｆｏｒｍｓ ｎｏｗ ｉｎ Ｃｈｉｎａ．
【分析】该句中的 ｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅ 意为＂原则，原理＂ ，它是没有形容 词意义的．这里是把 ｐｒｉｎｃｉｐａｌ 和 ｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅ 混淆了．ｐｒｉｎｃｉｐａｌ 除了作名 词，当＂校长；本金＂等讲之外，还可作形容词解．
【更正】Ｔｈｅ ｊｏｉｎｔ ｖｅｎｔｕｒｅ ａｎｄ ｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｖｅ ｅｎｔｅｒｐｒｉｓｅ ａｒｅ ｔｈｅ ｔｗｏ ｐｒｉｎｃｉｐａｌ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｍｅｎｔ ｆｏｒｍｓ ｎｏｗ ｉｎ Ｃｈｉｎａ．
下面再列举一些容易引起混淆的词：
ａｄａｐｔ ｖ．使适应，适应／ａｄｅｐｔ ａｄｊ．熟练的，内行的；ａｄｊｕｓｔ ｖ．使调整， 调整／ａｄｏｐｔ ｖ．采纳，正式通过，收养
ａｔｔｉｔｕｄｅ ｎ．态度／ａｌｔｉｔｕｄｅ ｎ．高度，海拔／ａｐｔｉｔｕｄｅ ｎ．才能，天资；
ｌｏｎｇｉｔｕｄｅ ｎ．经度／ｌａｔｉｔｕｄｅ ｎ．纬度
ｖａｃａｔｉｏｎ ｎ．假期／ｖｏｃａｔｉｏｎ ｎ．职业，工作
ｃｏｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔ ｖ．补充，补足／ｃｏｍｐｌｉｍｅｎｔ ｖ．赞扬
ｉｎｓｔｉｎｃｔ ｎ．本能／ｄｉｓｔｉｎｃｔ ａ．清楚的，显著的／ｅｘｔｉｎｃｔ ａ．熄灭的，灭绝的 ／ｉｎｔｒｉｎｓｉｃ ａ．内在的，本质的
二，词语具体用法及举例
这里所说的具体用法是指常用的，容易出现问题的用法．一般来 说，它涉及到同义词的选择，介词的选择，正式词和非正式词的选择 以及指代词的选择等问题．
１，同义词的选择
在短文写作中，如果同一词汇，特别是动词，副词，形容词被重 复使用，就会使文章读起来如同嚼蜡，索然无味．英语同义词非常丰 富，这是英语语言的一个显著特点．用词多样化是写作过程中必要的 修辞手段． 因此选择同义词来代替已经使用过的词， 就显得很重要了． 但同义词不可信手拈来，因为有些同义词虽然词义相同，但它们的用
法如词义的褒贬，使用的场合等却不尽相同，有时甚至会造成歧义． 举例说明如下：［例 １］ Ｈｅ ｌｉｖｅｄ ｉｎ ａ ｓｍａｌｌ ｔｏｗｎ， ａｎｄ ｈｅ ｃａｎ ｎｅｖｅｒ ｆｏｒｇｅｔ ｔｈｅ ｌｉｔｔｌｅ ｔｏｗｎ ｗｈｅｒｅ ｈｅ ｓｐｅｎｔ ｈｉｓ ｈａｐｐｙ ｃｈｉｌｄｈｏｏｄ．
［例 ２］ Ｔｈｅ ｆｏｇ ｗａｓ ｓｏ ｔｈｉｃｋ ｔｈａｔ ｗｅ ｃｏｕｌｄ ｎｏｔ ｓｅｅ ａｎｙｔｈｉｎｇ．
Ｔｈｅ ｆｏｇ ｗａｓ ｓｏ ｄｅｎｓｅ ｔｈａｔ ｗｅ ｃｏｕｌｄ ｎｏｔ ｓｅｅ ａｎｙｔｈｉｎｇ．
以上几例中划线部分的词都是可以互相替换的． 再看几例同义词 替换错误的句子：
［例 ３］ ｃｏｍｐｒｉｓｅ／ｃｏｍｐｏｓｅ 组成，由……组成
误：Ｔｈｅ ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ｃｏｍｐｏｓｅｓ ｆｉｆｔｅｅｎ ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｓ ａｎｄ ｏｎｅ ａｆｆｉｌｉａｔｅｄ ｍｉｄｄｌｅ ｓｃｈｏｏｌ．
正：Ｔｈｅ ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ｃｏｍｐｒｉｓｅｓ ｆｉｆｔｅｅｎ ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｓ ａｎｄ ｏｎｅ ａｆｆｉｌｉａｔｅｄ ｍｉｄｄｌｅ ｓｃｈｏｏｌ．
分析：ｃｏｍｐｏｓｅ 一般以 ｂｅ ｃｏｍｐｏｓｅｄ ｏｆ 的结构出现；ｃｏｍｐｒｉｓｅ 是及 物动词，其后可直接跟宾语．另外，ｃｏｎｓｉｓｔ ｏｆ 和 ｂｅ ｍａｄｅ ｕｐ ｏｆ 均意 为＂由……组成＂ ，前者用于主动语态，后者用于被动语态．
［例 ４］ ｈａｂｉｔ／ｃｕｓｔｏｍ 习惯，风俗
误：Ｈａｂｉｔ ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｓ ｕｓ ｔｏ ｓｔａｎｄ ｗｈｅｎ ｔｈｅ ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ ａｎｔｈｅｍ ｉｓ ｐｌａｙｅｄ．
正：Ｃｕｓｔｏｍ ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｓ ｕｓ ｔｏ ｓｔａｎｄ ｗｈｅｎ ｔｈｅ ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ ａｎｔｈｅｍ ｉｓ ｐｌａｙｅｄ．
分析：ｈａｂｉｔ 指＂个人习惯＂ ，ｃｕｓｔｏｍ 指＂民族，社会的风俗＂ ． 另外， ｈａｂｉｔ，ｃｕｓｔｏｍ 都有单，复数．但 ｃｕｓｔｏｍ 如果大写并且前面加 定冠词时，意为＂海关＂（ｔｈｅ Ｃｕｓｔｏｍｓ）．
２，介词的选择
介词在英语中有一个别称： ＂游弋词＂ ．顾名思义，介词的用法很 灵活．我们在平时的写作实践中，对介词的使用总是拿不准，不知道 到底是用 ｆｏｒ 还是用 ｔｏ，用 ｉｎ 还是用 ａｔ．与介词构成的词组更是不胜 枚举，很容易记错．如：
［例 １］ｉｎ ｓｐｉｔｅ ｏｆ， ｄｅｓｐｉｔｅ 的使用
误：Ｄｅｓｐｉｔｅ ｏｆ ａｄｖａｎｃｅｄ ｙｅａｒｓ， ｈｅ ｉｓ ｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｄｒｉｖｅ．
正：Ｄｅｓｐｉｔｅ ａｄｖａｎｃｅｄ ｙｅａｒｓ， ｈｅ ｉｓ ｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｄｒｉｖｅ．
分析：ｄｅｓｐｉｔｅ 本身就是介词，后不用再加 ｏｆ；而 ｉｎ ｓｐｉｔｅ ｏｆ 是固定 搭配，其后跟名词，代词或动名词，表示＂不管，任凭，虽然＂等意 思． 如果 ｉｎ ｓｐｉｔｅ ｏｆ 后需要跟从句的话， 则需要在 ｏｆ 后面加上 ｔｈｅ ｆａｃｔ， ｔｈｅ ｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎ， ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎ 等词，后面跟一个同位语从句．如：Ｉｎ ｓｐｉｔｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｆａｃｔ ｔｈａｔ ｈｅ ｗａｓ ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｌｙ ｉｌｌ， ｈｅ ｃａｍｅ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｍｅｅｔｉｎｇ ａｎｄ ｄｅｌｉｖｅｒｅｄ ａ ｇｏｏｄ ｓｐｅｅｃｈ．
［例 ２］ｂｒｉｎｇ ｉｎｔｏ， ｂｒｉｎｇ ｕｐ ｆｏｒ
误：Ｔｈｅ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｈａｖｅ ｍｏｒｅ ｏｒ ｆｅｗｅｒ ｈｏｌｉｄａｙｓ ｗａｓ ｂｒｏｕｇｈｔ ｉｎｔｏ ｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｉｏｎ．
正：Ｔｈｅ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｈａｖｅ ｍｏｒｅ ｏｒ ｆｅｗｅｒ ｈｏｌｉｄａｙｓ ｗａｓ ｂｒｏｕｇｈｔ ｕｐ ｆｏｒ ｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｉｏｎ．
分析： ｂｒｉｎｇ ｉｎｔｏ 为非固定用法，词义随上下文而定；ｂｒｉｎｇ ｕｐ 意为 ＂提出（讨论或促使注意）＂ 后接 ｆｏｒ 表示注意的对象． ， 再如 ｂｒｉｎｇ ｕｐ ａ ｍａｔｔｅｒ ｆｏｒ ｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｉｏｎ（提出一件事供考虑）． ３］ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ， ａｍｏｎｇ， ａｍｉｄｓｔ ［例
误：Ｌｕｘｅｍｂｕｒｇ ｌｉｅｓ ａｍｏｎｇ Ｂｅｌｇｉｕｍ， Ｇｅｒｍａｎｙ ａｎｄ Ｆｒａｎｃｅ．
正：Ｌｕｘｅｍｂｕｒｇ ｌｉｅｓ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ Ｂｅｌｇｉｕｍ， Ｇｅｒｍａｎｙ ａｎｄ Ｆｒａｎｃｅ．
分析：ａｍｏｎｇ 表示三个或三个以上的人或物之间的关系．但表示 两个或两个以上的人或物之间的相互关系时，要用 ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ，如：Ｔｈｅ ｂｕｓ ｒｕｎｓ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ Ｙａｎｇｚｈｏｕ ａｎｄ Ｎａｎｊｉｎｇ．
误：Ｈｅ ｓｔｏｏｄ ｆｉｒｍ ａｍｏｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｔｅｍｐｔａｔｉｏｎｓ．
正： Ｈｅ ｓｔｏｏｄ ｆｉｒｍ ａｍｉｄｓｔ ｔｈｅ ｔｅｍｐｔａｔｉｏｎｓ．
分析：ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ 和 ａｍｏｎｇ 后接可数名词；ａｍｉｄｓｔ 后可以接复数可数 名词，也可以接表示质量，性质等的不可数名词．再如：Ｔｈｅｙ ｇｒｏｐｅｄ ａｍｉｄｓｔ ｔｈｅ ｄａｒｋｎｅｓｓ．（他们在
2012大学英语四级考试写作辅导 记叙文的思路与练习 记叙文是以叙述人物的经历和事物的发展变化过程为主要表现形式的一种文体。记叙文既可以以写人为主，又可以以写事为主。写记叙文要注意记叙文的“六大要素”即： 时间（When）——何时发生，有没有具体时间？ 地点（Where）——何地发生，有没有地点变化？ 人物（Who）——何人参与，谁是主角？ 事件（What）——发生了什么，有何特点？ 原因（Why）——事件的起因？ 结果（How）——事件的经过及结局？ 一般说来，在一篇记叙文中这六大要素是缺一不可的。 记叙文的思路就围绕这六大要素充分展开。 【例】四级考试中，只出现过一次专门的记叙文体裁的写作，即“An Early Morning Walk”（1988.6.），2003年6月出现过包含记叙文的作文，即“An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident”。 对于“An Early Morning Walk”，知道命题要求后，我们就要开始构思了。 When：题目已规定了是“清晨”，在这个时候，“我”去散步。 Where：到哪儿散步？去公园？在校园里？在街上（街上空气不好，还是不去！）。 Who：在公园里看到晨练的人：中老年人、年轻人、小孩子;在校园里看到读书背单词的学生。 What：人们热火朝天地做操，随音乐跳舞，打球，等等。 Why：清晨空气清新，适合锻炼;一日之际在于晨，背背书，读读单词。 当然，由这个题目可以令人想到很多东西，因篇幅所限，我们做了删减。
An Early Morning Walk One morning I got up very early，and everything around was very quiet. The sun had just risen，shining brilliantly and everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden silk. There were only some birds singing occasionally in the tall trees. I strolled along the street toward the park，breathing the fresh air and feeling extremely happy. When I arrived at the park，I found，to my surprise，that there were so many people there. Men and women，boys and girls，all were enjoying themselves in their various activities. Some were doing morning exercises，some were playing badminton and some old people were having their tea while talking to each other cheerfully. I wandered around the park. To my delight，I found a few middle-school students talking to each other in English in one corner of the park. I went up and spoke to them in English. We soon became friends. I was very glad to find another opportunity to practice my spoken English. On the way home，I realized that an early morning walk really was good and healthful. Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise. 【点评】文章按照时间顺序（in chronological order），第一句话点明时间（One morning）、人物（第一人称“I”），并简要描述了早晨的特点（What was the setting），接着第二段第一句话交代地点（in the park），然后介绍公园里人们及作者的活动（What was happening），最后在文章结尾点题，即，归纳中心思想——Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise. 仅仅189个单词既满足了记叙文的“六大要素”，又有明确的中心思想和生动的细节，行文方式符合要求。 1. 以“A Most Unlucky Day”为题，想想该怎么写。注意：题目的中心词是“unlucky”。 When： Where： Who： What： Why： How： 参考思路
1. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Private Tutoring Private tutoring is “in”. A recent investigation shows that about 80 percent of pupils have private tutors. While private tutoring has both advantages and disadvantages, I feel that we should give more thoughts to its negative effects. Such a popular practice clearly indicates that people are attaching greater importance to education. Many parents either missed the chance of obtaining a good education themselves or have been too busy with their own business. When their children meet with difficulties in study, they are helpless. Private tutoring seems to be the only solution. As private tutoring is usually given on the one-to-one basis, the teacher knows the strong points as well as the weak points of the pupil; and teaching is, in most cases, directly to the point. Private tutoring benefits a lot of pupils, indeed. While on the other hand, private tutoring has its own disadvantages. For one thing, it takes up so much of the pupil’s time that they can hardly find enough time for rest or entertainment, which is essential for kids’ physical and mental health. Besides, some teachers, busy “shuttling” from one family to another, tend to neglect their regular teaching duties. What is more, some teachers are eager to help pupils do well on the test, offering the so-called tips for test-taking instead of helping them acquire
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are requested to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Once the world embraced the automobile, the days of depending on horses, bicycles, ferries, and trains quickly slipped into the past. People were __47__ with the speed of the automobile but they were also enjoying the personal freedom that the automobile gave them. Owning a car gave people the freedom to go anyplace a road __48__. This allowed people to and at their own __49__. This independence gave the car a popular edge over buses and trains. The popularity of the automobile made it the __50__ of the transportation system. The automobile changed our lives when it created a giant industry that offered more and more jobs. The automobile made it possible for people to live in areas __51__ from their work place. This caused cities to grow and made suburban living more convenient. Of course, with more places to go, more __52__ roads had to be built. The automobile caused a __53__ effect. Jobs increased, industries grew, new industries developed, and cities appeared. Today the automobile industry continues to offer many __54__. Jobs are plentiful in this industry and improvements continue to be made to the automobile with new technologies. We have come a long way from that first __55__ carriage because of the cooperative efforts of many people in the last century. It will be interesting to see what the future holds for the automobile. We have already seen signs of the use of solar energy in this area. As long as man has a brain, the future of the automobile is __56__. A) backbone F) enjoyed K) definite B) infinite G) horseless L) developed C) further H) developing M) farther D) background I) opportunities N) impressed E) led J) snowball O) pace （2） A college education is an investment in the future. But it can be a 47 one. The College Board 48 that the costs at a four-year public college in the United States increased 10% this past school year. That was less than the 13% increase the year before, but still much higher than the inflation 49 Public colleges and universities still cost a lot less than private ones. Financial aid often helps. But financial experts 50 parents to start college savings plans when their child is Still very young. All fifty states and the District of Columbia 51 what are called 5-29 plans. These plans are named after the part of the federal tax law that created them in 1996. States use private investment companies to operate the 52 of the programs. Every state has its own rules 53 5-29 plans. Some of the plans are 54 of state taxes. And all are not required to pay federal taxes. However, the government could start to tax withdrawals in 2011 if Congress does not change the law. 5-29 plans include investment accounts that increase or decrease in value with the investments they contain. Families must decide how 55 they want to put money into stocks, or other investments. Another kind of 5-29 plan lets parents begin to pay for their child’s education in 56 and long before their child starts college. This kind of savings program is called a prepaid tuition plan. The money goes into an account A) aggressively F) consumes K) free B) estimates G) costly L) majority C) offer H) decline M) advance D) automatically I) advise N) governing E) rate J) capable O) general
大学英语四级写作技巧简介 大学英语四级写作技巧简介 之一——文章结构 英文写作一直是学生们的弱项，四级考试将近，大家都很担心写作问题，在此我先简单介绍一下文章的结构问题，以后再谈其他方面。 四级写作一般以三段式展开，题目要求中通常包含三个要点，每个要点为一段（记住，一定要分段），第一段提出问题，第二段分析问题，第三段解决问题。以历年的真题为例，2006年12月的题目为spring festival gala on cctv，要求：1。许多人喜欢看春节晚会；2。但有些人提出取消春节晚会；3。我的看法。“喜欢看春节晚会”是正常现象，应该作为问题的开端进行简短介绍，“有些人提出取消春节晚会”才是重点，必须给出相应的篇幅做详细阐述。最后表明我的观点，其实就是问作者的态度及解决这个矛盾的方法。又如2006年6月的题目：an announcement for a voluntary program, 要求：1。校学生会组织一次暑假志愿活动现招募志愿者；2。本次志愿活动的目的、内容及安排；3。报名条件和联系方式。这仍是三段式的结构，第一段提出问题——告之大家会举办一次暑假志愿活动，第二段描述问题——介绍志愿活动的相关信息，第三段解决问题
——怎样加入志愿活动（报名信息）。往年还考过写简历，写演讲稿，论述社会现象等题目，总是跳不出三段式，因此学生们必须掌握如何写三段式作文。 总的来说有三点要注意：1。开篇就得点题。文章字数有限，必须采取开门见山的方法，但开篇点题并不是说第一段第一句话就得提出问题，在这之前可以有所修饰，有导入的成分，但不要太长，一般第三句就得清楚、突出地把问题点出来。2。中间段阐述必须清楚。中间段是全文的核心部分，要做到阐述清楚，论证充分，要有一致性、连贯性和条理性。一般由主题句和扩展句组成，主题句是观点的高度浓缩，应该言简意赅；扩展句是对主题句的详细阐述，应该做到理由充分，内容一致。3。结尾段进行总结，并提出解决问题的方法。最后的总结在观点上可以重申但不可以重复，另外结尾一定要有所升华，不能仍停留在对问题的描述上，既然存在问题，就必须想办法解决。 至于如何开端、如何论述、如何结尾的问题，大家敬请期待下一回吧！当然我不会让大家久等的:) 写作能力无法一口气提高，大家必须在平时勤修苦练。 之二——突出主题 well begun is a half done，如何开头是值得注意的问题，它能确定
2011年6月大学英语四级真题 Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday. While elderly people __47__ to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) __48__ effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research. Sean Drummond, a. psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping __49__ straight through the night. More sleep in old age, however, is __50__ with better health, and most older people would feel better and more __51__ if they slept for longer periods, he said. “The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to __52__ well does not change,” Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego. “It's __53__ a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were __54__. Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from __55__ to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's __56__ from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount as we need at 75.” 答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) 47 N tend 48 L negative 49 H efficiently 50 B associated 51 A alert 52 J function/ 53 F definitely 54 O younger 55 E continuing56 G different 文章大意：本文主要讲述的是关于老年人睡眠的问题：是否老年人与年轻人相比只需要较少的睡眠时间？ 2010年12月英语四级考试真题 Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47 . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 49 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology
目录 1.Should We Help Strangers? 2.Don’t Rely Too Much on Computers https://www.doczj.com/doc/064914793.html, Talent Show 4.Killing Time Indoors 5.Restrict Mobile Phone in Library 6.My Opinion on Micro-blog 7.Celebrities as Products’ Spokespersons 8.Spam Message 9.Internet Slang 10.How to Relieve Stress 11.Is Military Training Necessary Now 12.Whom Do You Turn to When in Trouble? 13.On Self-employment of College Graduates 14.Text Messages on TV Shows 15.Attending Your Classes Regularly 16. A Brief Introduction to the University 17. A Letter to a Friend 18.Student Consultant to the Dean Wanted 19. A Letter of Thanks 20.ＡLetter of Job Application 21.How to Succeed in Passing CET-4?
22.Protect Non-Material Cultural Heritage 23.Suspend Schooling to Work 24.Registering Online with Real Names 25.Create a Conservation-Oriented Campus 26.Should Chinese Athletes Serve Overseas？ 27.Low-carbon Lifestyle 28.The Real-name Train Ticket System Launched 29.On Vegetarian 30.Should We Resume The Traditional Chinese Characters? 31.Principals Recommending Students to PKU 32.On Professional Ethics of Doctors 33.Should We Trace and Reclaim Cultural Relics Lost Overseas? 34.Should Enterprises Hold an Annual Meeting? 35.Should Universities Lower Admission Requirements for Celebrities 36.Does Technology Widen the Gap between the Poor and Rich? 37.On Lottery 38.Dialects in Movies and TV Series 39.Should Parents Read Their Children’s Diaries?
最新英语四级选词填空练习题和答案 Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States? Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ than civilian(百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to __3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity(身份) than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by
大学英语四级考试作文模板 考生要想发挥出自己的最高水平，就有必要弄清楚大学英语四级考试作文的结构要求、出题思路。历年大学英语四级考试作文都有较为固定的模式和结构，考生可以整理出一篇“句式文章”。想好文章的开头采用什么样的句式，中间每段的主题句应该放在什么位置，如何去写，最后怎么结束，把这些都弄清楚，整理好了，大学英语四级考试作文差不多就变成了一篇“完形填空”，考生只需针对不同的题目填充不同的内容即可。下面是一些大学英语四级考试各种类型作文的模板(其中一些模板有详细的说明和范文，以备考生联系和模仿)，希望这些作文模板能对考生在大学英语四级考试作文上取得高分助一臂之力。 一、提纲式作文模板 1．说明原因型 模板(1)
Nowadays，there are more and more XX in some big cities．It is estimated that (1). Why have there been so many XX? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows．The first one is that (2)．Besides，(3)．The third reason is (4)．To sum up，the main cause of XX is due to (5)． It is high time that something were done upon it．For one thing, (6)．On the other hand, (7)．All these measures will certainly reduce the number of XX. 注释:l (1) 用具体数据说明XX现象I (2) 原因一 (3) 原因二 (4) 原因三 (5) 指出主要原因 (6) 解决建议一 (7) 解决建议二
范例一 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Attend Your Classes Regularly。You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 现在大学校园里，迟到、早退、旷课是常见的现象 2. 保证学生的出勤率对大学教育的重要性 3. 作为一个大学生应该怎样做 Attend Your Classes Regularly Nowadays it is a very common phenomenon that some university students are late for or even absent from classes. And still there are some students who slip out of the classroom before the class is over. Class attendance has become a thorny problem to both the students and teachers. In fact, it is very important for the students to attend their classes regularly. First, it will ensure you to catch up with the teachers in your learning. That is very helpful to you if you want to do a good job in your study. Second, attending classes regularly is a way of showing respect to your teachers ,too. Your teachers will feel bad if the students do not attend their classes, which, in turn, will affect their teaching and be no good for the students. Third, attending classes regularly will help to form a good habit of punctuality, which is of great importance for the students to do a good job in the future. Therefore, we university students should form the good habit of attending our classes regularly from now on. And some day we’ll benefit from it. 点评：2008年元月三日，中山大学博士发帖称遭导师虐待；2008年元月四日，中国政法大学爆“杨帆门”事件；近几年，中小学老师或打学生或猥亵学生、体罚学生等各类新闻不断曝光，进而引发了师生关系的大讨论。本范例题为四级考试传统的问题解决型的写作，与校园生活密切相关。 范例二 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Students’ Rating of Their Teachers。You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 学生给老师打分已经普遍 2. 人们对其持不同态度 3. 我的看法 Students’ Rating of Their Teachers Nowadays, it has become as common in colleges and universities for students to grade teachers as for teachers to grade students. In some universities students’ rating has even become the only source of information on teaching effectiveness.. This, however, has caused great controversy. Some are in favor of the rating system, They hold that since students attend the teachers’ classes every day, they should have their opinion
大学英语四级写作技巧，希望帮助您提升英语写作技能 1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Recreational Activities. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1.娱乐活动多种多样 2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性 3.作为大学生，我的看法 Recreational Activities The twenty-first century has brought with it an 第一段引入现象并举例：现在娱乐活动多种多样。 第二段从正反两面说明娱乐生活的弊益。 第三段表明自己的观点态度：择优律己。unprecedented variety of recreational activities. They range from traditional outdoor activities such as playing ball games to all kinds of online ones. Some people think those various recreational activities brought by modern technology are great and necessary because they can help people relax from hard work and study and broaden people’horizon. However, some people think that too many recreational activities may have a bad effect on people’s lives. Some people may not resist some temptations and indulge themselves in those activities, such as the online games. At last they are lured away from their studies, work and interpersonal relationships. In my opinion, we should pay more attention to the advantages of various recreational activities and make the most of them to enrich our lives and broaden the scope of knowledge. When it comes to those time-consuming and less meaningful activities, I think to stay away from them is a wise decision. 2. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写 2.出现这种现象的原因是 3.为改变这种状况，我认为 第一段：指出不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写，举例说明。 第二段：从学生、电脑的使用和老师三个方面分析原因。 Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling Quite a few students now neglect spelling in English study. Take the simple word “trouble”for example. Only a few students can spell“trouble”without trouble—others may spell it as truble, touble or something else. For various reasons, spelling is now becoming a neglected art.First of all , many students don’tcare about spelling. Some say they’re going to have a secretary when they get a job, and he or she will correct their spelling. Second, most word processors
大学英语四级写作专题（内部资料） 模板1：对比观点型 (1) 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。 1. 有一些人认为。。。 2. 另一些人认为。。。 3. 我的看法。。。 The topic of ①-----------------(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三). While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------(理由二). Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三). From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------(我的观点). The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice . (2) 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点 Some people believe that ①----------------(观点一). For example, they think ②-----------------(举例说明).And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处). In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二). Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法). 模板2：彻底批判型 With the prosperity of economy in modern society, _______主题has become a problem we have to face.The problem reflected is not rare nowadays,as we always read news that _______新闻出处.Reasons why this kind of _______现象occurs from time to time are various.One of possible causes is _______原因.It is also owing to the fact that . In any causes,however, _______这种事情可能会出现的原因could never be excuse for _______这种事情.Hence citizens/the public should _______采取什么样的措施to prevent _______这种事情的发生from occurring.Additionally,efforts of individuals/one/the public should be supplemented by _______方法,for example, _______举例说明(可有可无) ,which would be of great significance to . 模板3：说明利弊题型 说明利弊这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测)