语法填空专练(一)
阅读下列短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
A
Robinson Crusoe is an English sailor. After many adventures and dangers, he comes to Brazil, 1. ________ he settles down and becomes a plantation owner. But the call of the sea is still too strong for him and he begins 2. ________ voyage — to West Africa, for the purpose of trading with the natives. During a storm, the ship 3. ________ (destroy) off the coast of an island without people, and he alone manages to swim ashore, 4. ________ all the rest of the crew are drowned. He builds himself a house, and lives first by hunting, then raising livestock (牲畜) and crops. He saves a savage (野人) from the hands of cannibals (食人者), gives 5. ________ the name Friday, and makes him into a perfect servant. After some time he rescues three more 6. ________ (prison) from the cannibals. For many years he manages to live on the island.
One day 7. ________ English ship visits the island, its crew intending to leave the captain and his officers ashore. Robinson succeeds 8. ________ helping the captain regain control of the ship.
Robinson, 9. ________ (take) Friday with him, is invited aboard the ship and returns to England. After some years he revisits his island colony, 10. ________ is
becoming more and more prosperous, but Friday is killed during an attack by the Indians.
B
Joseph Henry was an American scientist.He served as 1. ________ first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. He used to tell a rather strange story about his childhood. His grandmother, 2. ________ raised him, once paid a cobbler (制鞋匠) to make him a pair of shoes.
The man measured 3. ________ feet and told Joseph that he could choose between two styles: a rounded toe (足尖部) 4. ________ a square toe. Little Joseph couldn’t decide. It seemed to be such a huge decision; after all, they 5. ________ (become) his only pair of shoes for a long time.
The cobbler allowed him 6. ________ (take) a couple of days to make 7.
________ his mind. Day after day, Joseph went into the shop, sometimes three or four times a day! Each time he looked over the cobbler’s shoes and tried to decide. The rounded-toed shoes were more 8. ________ (practice), but the square-toed shoes looked much 9. ________ (nice). He continued to hesitate and couldn’t decide!
Finally, one day he went into the shop and the cobbler handed him a small package 10. ________ was wrapped in brown paper. His new shoes! He raced
home. He tore off the wrapping and found a beautiful pair of leather shoes —one with a rounded toe and the other with a square toe.
C
A few close friends meant more than the best medical facilities in the world.
When Harry Truman was pushed into the US presidency after the death 1.
________ Franklin Roosevelt, a colleague and friend — Congressman (国会议员) Sam Rayburn of Bonham, Texas — 2. ________ (give) Truman some fatherly advice.
Rayburn said, “Harry, from here on out, you’re going to have lots of people around you, 3. ________ will try to put a wall around you and cut you
off from any ideas but theirs. They’ll tell you what a great man you are, Harry. But you and I 4. ________ know you aren’t.” Friends can say those things to each other.
Later, when Sam Rayburn discovered that he was seriously ill, he told his friends in Congress that he was going home to Bonham for medical tests. “5.
________ there are excellent doctors and medical facilities in Washington,
D.C.,” some of them argued. “Why would you want 6. ________ (go) to Bonham?”
“Because,” the congressman replied, “Bonham is a place 7. ________ people know it when you’re sick.”
Rayburn had a need 8. ________ (great) than good medical assistance. He needed friends. Someone to ask what his grandchildren were doing. Someone to sit by him and stop by his home. Someone to care.
Who is such 9. ________ friend to you? That person is more valuable than your greatest 10. ________ (possess).
Have you said “thanks”?
D
Sign language has been used by deaf communities since ancient times. 1.
________ some of these have become standardized to a degree at national level in recent times, each group developed its own set of signs. But the result is 2.
________ there are a lot of different systems around the world. American Sign Language is very different 3. ________ British Sign Language.
For centuries deaf children were dismissed as unteachable but in the early
17th century Juan Pablo Bonet 4. ________ (give) the task of teaching the deaf and dumb children of his 5. ________ (wealth) employer. He developed a system of signing the alphabet, 6. ________ he published in 1620.
Many hearing teachers of the deaf took the view that sign language held deaf children back. 7. ________ favored the “oral system”: teaching deaf children to speak. From the 1880s signing was banned for nearly 8. ________ century in deaf schools and even in families in many parts of the world.
In the 1970s, the pioneering work of Doctor William C. Stokoe proved that sign language possessed enough features 9. ________ (consider) a language in its own right. Since then, signing has regained its respectability around the world. It has been reintroduced into schools, and now appears 10. ________ (increase) on television and at theatre performances.
E
The two features of life in England that possibly give visitors the worst impressions are the English weather and English cooking. 1. ________ former is a natural phenomenon and nobody can do anything about it. But cooking is something 2. ________ can be learned. English food has often been described as 3. ________ (taste). Recently, the situation has changed somewhat because so many people have been spending their holidays abroad and 4. ________ (learn) to appreciate unfamiliar dishes. One of the traditional complaints about English food is the way that vegetables are cooked. The only way that many British housewives know to cook green vegetables is 5. ________ (boil) them for too long in too much salt water and then to throw the water away so that all the
vitamins are lost. To make matters 6. ________ (bad), they do not strain the vegetables sufficiently so that 7. ________ appear as a wet mass on the plate.
However, it would be unfair to say that all English food is bad. Indeed not only the raw ingredients are usually 8. ________ very high quality, especially the meat and fish, 9. ________ many traditional British dishes are as good as anything you can get anywhere. A visitor, 10. ________ is invited to an English home might well enjoy steak and kidney pudding or pie, all sorts of smoked fish ...
F
Why does something that smells so good taste so bad? Whenever you walk past a café you might be drawn in by the smell of 1. ________ (fresh) made coffee, but the minute you try this dark drink you will regret 2. ________, because it is bitter. Many people are confused by this phenomenon, but now scientists say they have figured out the answer — it lies 3. ________ our “second sense of smell”. We have got two senses of smell. One is 4. ________ we breathe in things from the environment, and the other is when the air comes up the nose and 5. ________ (breathe) out through the nose.
In fact the second sense of smell plays a big part in our eating experiences. It may be common sense that we smell through our nose and taste 6. ________ (use) our tongue. But the truth is 7. ________ 80% of what we think of as taste
actually reaches us through smell. Just hold your nose while eating and you will notice that your tongue can only catch 8. ________ very small part of the flavor. The mismatch (不一致) between our two senses of smell doesn’t always have unpleasant results, such 9. ________ durians and some cheese. They are 10.
________ (smelly) than the stinking (恶臭的) fish, but once they are in your mouth, you are experiencing the smell through the nose in the other direction. It is delicious.
答案:
A
1. where
2. another
3. is destroyed
4. while
5. him
6. prisoners
7. an
8. in
9. taking 10. which
B
1. the
2. who
3. his
4. or
5. would
become
6. to take
7. up
8. practical
9. nicer10. which / that
C
1. of
2. gave
3. who
4. both
5. But
6. to go
7. where
8. greater
9. a10. possession
D
1. Although / Though
2. that
3. from
4. was given
5. wealthy
6. which
7. They
8. a
9. to be considered 10. increasingly
E
1. The
2. that
3. tasteless
4. learning
5. to
boil
6. worse
7. they
8. of
9. but10. who
F
1. freshly
2. it
3. in
4. when
5. is
breathed
6. using
7. that
8. a
9. as10. smellier
解析:
A
1. where。考查关系词。设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作状语，修饰先行词Brazil，故用where。
2. another。考查限定词。由于大海对鲁滨逊的吸引力太大，所以他开始“再一次的”航海。
3. is destroyed。考查时态和语态。根据上下文语境可知此处要用一般现在时，且ship与destroy 之间为被动关系，故用is destroyed。
4. while。考查连词。两个分句之间是对比关系，故用while。
5. him。考查代词。him指代Friday。
6. prisoners。考查名词。由rescues 及three 可知，在此用prisoners。
7. an。考查冠词。English ship在此表泛指，故用an。
8. in。考查介词。succeed in doing sth. 表示“成功做成某事”。
9. taking。考查非谓语动词。Robinson与take之间为主谓关系，且take所表示的动作与is invited 同时发生，故用taking。
10. which。考查关系词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词his island colony，故用which。
B
1. the。考查冠词。由served as 及Secretary 可知，first 前用the 表示“第一”。
2. who。考查关系词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词His grandmother，且在从句中作主语，故用who。
3. his。考查代词。制鞋匠量了Joseph Henry的脚，故用his指代Joseph Henry’s。
4. or。考查连词。根据上下文语境可知此处是选择关系，故用or。
5. would become。考查时态。根据上下文语境可知鞋那时尚未被制作，故此处要用过去将来时。
6. to take。考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth. 表示“允许某人做某事”。
7. up。考查固定短语。make up one’s mind表示“下定决心”。
8. practical。考查形容词。由were more可知在此用形容词作表语。
9. nicer。考查比较等级。由much可知，在此用nice的比较级。
10. which / that。考查关系词。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a small package，故用which / that。
C
1. of。考查介词。after the death of sb. 意为“在某人死后”。
2. gave。考查时态。根据When从句的时态可知此处要用一般过去时。
3. who。考查关系词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people，故用who。
4. both。考查代词。由you and I可知在此用both。
5. But。考查连词。根据上下文语境和句意可知此处是表示惊讶和反对，故用But。
6. to go。考查非谓语动词。want to do sth. 表示“想做某事”。
7. where。考查关系词。设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作状语，修饰先行词a place，故用where。
8. greater。考查比较等级。由than可知在此用great的比较级。
9. a。考查冠词。friend 在此表泛指且由such 可知在此用a。
10. possession。考查名词。由greatest可知，在此用名词。
D
1. Although / Though。考查连词。主从句之间是让步关系，故用Although / Though。
2. that。考查连词。设空处引导表语从句，且从句不缺少任何成分，故用that。
3. from。考查介词。由语境及different 可知，在此用from。be different from 表示“与……不同”。
4. was given。考查时态和语态。根据in the early 17 th century可知此处要用一般过去时，且由语境可知Juan Pablo Bonet与give之间为被动关系，故用was given。
5. wealthy。考查形容词。根据句子结构可知在此用形容词修饰employer, 故用wealthy。
6. which。考查关系词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词alphabet，故用which。
7. They。考查代词。设空处指代上文的teachers，故用They。
8. a。考查冠词。century为可数名词，在此表泛指，故其前用a。
9. to be considered。考查非谓语动词。此处是enough ... to ... 结构，且consider 与sign language之间是动宾关系，故用不定式的被动形式。
10. increasingly。考查副词。根据appears可知此处用increasingly。
E
1. The。考查冠词。the former表示“前者”。
2. that。考查关系词。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词something，故用that。
3. tasteless。考查形容词。根据上下文语境可知，英国食物经常被描述为“没有味道的”，故用tasteless。
4. learning。考查时态。由have been spending及and可知在此用learning。
5. to boil。考查非谓语动词。由to cook ... is可知在此用to boil作表语。
6. worse。考查固定搭配。to make matters worse为固定搭配，意为“更糟的是”。
7. they。考查代词。they指代上文的vegetables。
8. of。考查介词。由are及high quality可知在此用of。“be of + 名词”表示“人或事物所具有的性质、特征或所属”。
9. but。考查连词。由not only可知此处用but。not only ... but (also) ... 表示“不仅……而且……”。
10. who。考查关系词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词A visitor，故用who。
F
1. freshly。考查副词。由made可知在此freshly作状语。
2. it。考查代词。在此用代词指代上文走进咖啡馆的行为，故用it。
3. in。考查介词。lie in表示“在于”。
4. when。考查连词。根据下文the other is when ... 可知此处用when。
5. is breathed。考查时态和语态。由主句时态可知在此用一般现在时，且air与breathe之间是被动关系，故用is breathed。
6. using。考查非谓语动词。we与use 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且use所表示的动作与taste同时发生，故用using。
7. that。考查连词。设空处引导表语从句，且从句不缺任何成分，故用that。
8. a。考查冠词。very small part 在此表示“一小部分”，故其前用a。
9. as。考查固定搭配。such as 表示“例如”。
10. smellier。考查比较等级。由than可知在此用smellier。