第四十篇New US Plan for Disease Prevention美国疾病预防新政策Urging鼓励Americans to take responsibility责任for their health1 , Health and Human Services Secretary 秘书Tommy Thompson on Tuesday星期二launched投入a$15 million program计划to try to encourage communities社区to do more to prevent chronic 慢性diseases like heart disease，cancer癌症and diabetes糖尿病.
周二，健康及人道服务部秘书托米汤姆森发起了一项耗资1 500万美元的计划，大力推进社区在预防诸如心脏病、癌症及糖尿病等慢性病上发挥更大能量，以鼓励美国人对自己的健康负责。
The initiative自发的highlights 强调the cost of chronic慢性diseases2 - the leading causes of death in the United States——and outlines略述ways that people Can prevent them，including better diet节食and increased exercise.这一行动强调了慢性病——造成美国国人死亡的主要原因的代价，概括了预防疾病的途径，包括改善饮食和增加锻炼。
“In the United States today, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast大量majority多数of serious illness重病，disability残疾and health care costs are caused by chronic慢性的diseases, "the Health and Human Services 公共事业Department said in a statement.声明
卫生与公共服务部在报告中指出，“今天，在美国70%的死亡、绝大多数重病、残疾及健康医疗是由慢性病造成的，绝大多数医疗费用
也花在慢性病的治疗上。”
The causes are often behavioral行为——smoking，poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.原因往往是行为上的——吸烟、不良的饮食习惯以及缺乏锻炼。
“I am convinced 确信that preventing disease 防病by promoting 促进better health is a smart聪明的policy政策choice for our future，”Thompson told a conference会议held to launch使下水the initiative倡议.“我确信通过增进健康来预防疾病是一项利在将来的精明之举。”汤姆森在发起该倡议的会议上说
“Our current现在health care system is not structured 安排to deal with 处理the escalating 使逐步升级costs of treating diseases that are largely大部分的preventable可预防的through changes in our lifestyle 生活方式choices."“我们当前的健康医疗体系不是为应付治疗那些基本上可以通过改变生活方式来预防的疾病的费用不断上涨而设立的。”
Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003.汤姆森说道，全国心脏病和中风将在2003年将要耗资3 510亿美元。
“These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable可预防的，yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary强制for US to lead healthier, longer lives，”he said.“男性和
女性死亡的主要病因都基本上可以预防，但是作为一个国家，我们却尚未采取必要措施使人们生活得更为健康长寿。”他说道。
The $15 million is slated 安排to go to communities社区to promote 促进prevention，pushing 急切的for changes as simple as building sidewalks人行道to encourage people to walk more.调拨1 500万美元给社区来推动预防工作，促使变化，细微到修建人行道，鼓励人们多多步行。
Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse倒开的heart disease and diabetes多尿症，and prevent cancer and strokes.
每天锻炼，比如走步，能够预防以及治疗心脏病和糖尿病，且能预防癌症和中风。
The money will also go to community organizations组织，clinics 诊所and nutritionists 营养学家who are being encouraged to work together to educate培训people at risk of diabetes 多尿症about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.检查
这批款项也将拨给社区组织、诊所及营养师，鼓励他们合作，教育有患糖尿病风险的人们如何进行预防，鼓励人们多做早期癌症筛查。The American Cancer Society estimates估计that half of all cancers can be caught 引起by screening，including Pap半流质食物tests3 for cervical 子宫颈cancer, mammograms乳房X线照片for breast cancer 乳癌, colonoscopies结肠镜检察术, and prostate 前列腺checks.
美国癌症学会估计，所有类型癌症的一半可用早期癌症筛查测出，包括针对宫颈癌的巴氏试验、针对乳腺癌的乳房X线照片、结肠镜检查以及前列腺检查。
If such cancers were all caught by early screening筛查.the group estimates 估计that the survival rate成活率for cancer would rise to 95 percent.
如果所有这些癌症都能够由早期筛查测出，该组织估计癌症存活率将上升到95%。
词汇：
diabetes [?dai?'bi:ti:z,-ti:s] 糖尿病
initiative [i'ni∫i?tiv] n.主动的行动，倡议
behavioral [b?'he?vj?r(?)l] adj.行为方面的
escalate ['esk?leit] vi.逐步上升;逐步增强
slate [sleit] vt.预定，规划
nutritionist [nju:`tr?∫?n?st] n.营养学家
cervical 's?:vik?l] adj.子宫颈的
mammogram ['m?m??ɡr?m] n. 乳房X射线照片
colonoscopy [,k??l?`n?sk?p?] n.结肠镜检查
prostate ['pr?steit] adj. 前列腺的
注释：
1.take responsibility for their health ：承担起确保自己健康的责任
2.The initiative highlights the cost of chronic diseases … ：这一行动强
调了慢性病所造成的损失……
3.Pap test (= Papanicolaou test):巴氏试验(一种检查早期癌变的方法) 练习：
1. Which of the following is NOT true of chronic 慢性的diseases in the US?
A)They account for 70% of all deaths.
B)They are responsible为……负责for most of the health care costs.
C)They often result in unhealthy lifestyles.生活方式
D)They are largely preventable.可预防的
1. C 从文章的第三、六段分别可以看出，在美国，70%的死亡时由慢性病造成的，绝大多数医疗费用也花在慢性病的治疗上，而不健康的生活方式会引发慢性病，而不是慢性病引发不健康的生活方式。慢性病很大程度上是可以预防的。
2.The author mentions all the following as ways of disease prevention EXCEPT
A)better diet.
B)increased exercise.
C)reduction on smoking.
D)higher survival rate for cancer.
2. D 从文章的第二、四段可以排除A、B和C三个选项。
3.The article indicates表明that more money spent on disease prevention will mean
A)greater responsibility of the government.
B)much less money needed for disease treatment.
C)higher costs of health care.
D)more 1ifestyle choices for people.
3. B 从文章的第三、六、七段可以看出，慢性病的治疗花费极高。适当投资于疾病的预防可以大大减少这种花费。
4.The $15 million program is aimed at
A)promoting disease prevention.
B)building more sidewalks.人行道
C)helping needy贫困communities.社区
D)wiping out彻底摧毁chronic 慢性diseases.
4. A 从文章第一段可以看出，该项目的主要目的是促进疾病的预防。
5. Early cancer screening can help reduce significantly意味深长的
A)the death rates for all chronic 慢性病diseases.
B)the kinds of cancer attacking people.
C)the cancer incidence rate.发病率
D)cancer death rate.
答案与题解：
5. D 从文章的最后一段可以看出，早期癌症检查有助于大大提高癌症存活率，即大大降低了癌症的死亡率。