构词法专项训练
1.I wrote him a letter to show my___(appreciate) of his thoughtfulness.
2.The first tomb was built at the___(begin) of the 15th century.
3.Painting is a ___(create) process.
4.For our homework tonight, we have to write a ___(describe) of the street where we live.
5.The ___ (discover) of gold on their land made the people rapidly rich.
6.I’d just like to ___ (emphasis) how important it is for people to learn foreign language.
7.My grandfather is as___(energy) as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing at all.
8.The first lesson was very___(enjoy)---I like it a lot!
9.These discoveries proved the___(exist)of a human species who lived in the area between 700,000 and
200.000 years ago.
10.A smile is the universal___(face) expression---it is intended to put people at ease.
11.Those who change mobile phones frequently will pay a heavy price for being___(fashion).
12.The committee is ______(discuss) the problem right now.
13.The accused man proved his___(innocent) of the crime.
14.The government’s new scheme is designed t o help the___(job).
15.The days start to_ _(long) in March.
16.___(Luck), Peter didn’t get the job.
17.The old man had no child so he suffered a lot from___(lonely).
18.Stop ___(mean) chatter, boys. You are wasting time.
19.How lucky he was! He won the lottery and now he is a ___(million).
20.They had the ___(fortune) to be hit by a violent storm.
21.He lives in a ___(mountain) district, where traffic is extremely inconvenient.
22.I am so full that I couldn’t ea t another ___(mouth).
23.We must pay special attention to the___(mystery) stranger.
24.Try to act___(nature), even if you are tense.
25.Public spending___(necessary) affects the economy.
26.After the race, I felt my heart beating___(violence).
27.The baby was sleeping___(peace).
28.He showed us ___(person) around the factory.
29.It gives me great___(pleasure) to welcome our speaker.
30.___(polite) costs nothing and gains everything.
31.The___(popular) of professional sports has been increasing steadily.
32.You’ll have a ___(profession) photographer with you to take photographs.
33.She has the right___(qualify) for the job.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/076296862.html,rge___(quantity) of fish have been caught.
35.We shouldn’t have___(race) discrimination.
36.The price of this dress is___(reason). I can’t afford it.
37.Easter is an important___(region) and social festival in Christian countries.
38.It goes without___(say) that the proposal will be accepted.
39.I left eleven years later, with my school leaving certificate, and a ___(scholar) to study at Oxford.
40.During___(science) experiments, she explains exactly what is happening and as a result my work is
improving.
41.There is no___(similar) between Tom and me.
42.His bad behavior cost his mother many___(sleep) nights.
43.Anger left him___(speech).
44.It was a race against time to stop people dying from__(starve).
45.Difficulties___(strong) the mind, as labor does the body.
46.A positive outlook is vital to dealing___(success) with the crisis in adolescence and old age in our life.
47.It is a colorless, odorless and___(taste) gas, slightly heavier than air.
48.He knew he had behaved badly and he seemed___(true) sorry.
49.This wounded soldier was ___(conscious) from his loss of blood.
50.It’s___(believe) that the event repeated itself years later in the same place.
51.Overpopulation is a ___(universe) problem.
52.More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great ____(vary) of goods.
53.T he___(arrive) of migrant workers into the capital had seen Beijing’s population reach 17.4 million.
54.Besides, many newspapers are printed daily and can offer the readers___(rely) information.
55.Girls make up only a small___(percent) of students in computer science classes.
56.I live in Hollywood. You may think people in such an___(attract), fun-filled place are happier than others.
Maybe that is because you haven’t noticed the___(happy) they’ve concealed from you.
57.In 2006, Taipei Zoo applied to host the pandas, Tuantuan and Yuanyuan, from the mainland. But the Taiwan
government didn’t allow their___(apply).
58.Firstly, it___(able) the Chinese people to know more about the outside world and promote ___(friend) and
mutual understanding.
59.Loss and___(separate) are often what you find behind a child acting out in school.
60.By saving money, people give themselves more___(secure).
61.Star sapphires and other___(value) jewels worth a total of one million dollars are on show behind glass.
62.If time could be turned back, allow me to take you back to December 26, 2004,___(tradition), it is a time
for family gathering, a time for___(celebrate).
63.Because of the___(popular) of TV and computers, they are getting much less exercise than before.
64.“I would have no___(object),”said the wolf, “if I could only get a place.”
65.Some people have the feeling that nothing can be done about their poor reading___(able).
66.An ounce of luck is better than a pound of ___(wise).
67.Researchers in Italy examined the tail wagging ____(behave) of 30 dogs.
68.Another___(convenience) feature of the EOL is that you’ll be able to pick the level of detail you want to see
to match your interested, age, and knowledge.
69.Health problems are___(close) connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.
70.You may___(like) some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice.
71.What is more, it is true that computers can make___(decide), but they need detailed instructions and
programs prepared by humans to operate.
72.Then they chose three Broadway tunes that focused on race,___(equal) and social justice, the themes of
the book.
73.As I lined up for the start I glanced at the flag. It moved ___(gentle) now.
74.Some people have the feeling that nothing can be done about their poor reading ability. They feel
___(hope) about it.
75.An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life is more
_____(harmony) than it has ever been in the past.
76.The ___(inform) gained helped up in determining where special attention should be paid in our course.
77.In the following account, she recalls the job that challenged her___(imagine) and skill but left her flying
high.
78.A thousand words will not leave so deep an___(impress) as one deed.
79.And I included only those books over a hundred pages in___(long).
80.Keep your eyes wide open before___(marry), and half shut afterwards.
81.Reading comprehension can’t be ___(dependent) from the knowledge of writing.
82.___(music) often called him Pops, as a sign of respect for his influence on the world of music.
83.The northern city of Turin passed a law in April to give pet___(own) fines of up to $598 if they do not walk
their dogs three times a day.
84.So far, scientists have named about 1.8 million living species, and that’s just a small number of
what___(probable) exists on Earth.
85.Men can do nothing without its___(permit), and it fastens its young round people’s wrists so that
everywhere men go they are still under its control.
86.The best___(prepare) for good work tomorrow is to do good work today.
87.He answered me___(rude) and said he would not come back.
88.As his university was aware of the ___(significant) of his work, they gave him free time to do this research.
89.Cuzco is a lively city where both Indian and____(Spain) culture and are can be seen.
90.The best time to visit New Zealand is from November to April---summer time in the ___(south)
hemisphere.
91.Jo went to New York and became ___(succeed) in her writing and had the _____ (satisfy) of seeing her
work published there.
92.___ (like) other camp programs that include horses as a small part of their program, at Shadow Ridge
horses are the program!
93.The smell is, as usual, almost___(bear), being a mixture of sweat and dirty underwear.
英语构词通常包括六种方法：转化法、派生法、合成法、混合法、截短法和首尾字母结合法。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等;
(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti- (反对；抵抗), auto- (自动), co- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相),
re- (再；又), sub- (下面的；次；小), tele- (强调距离)等。
(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence，-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人)，-ess (雌性)，-ian (精通……的人)，-ist (专业
人员)，-ment (性质；状态)，-ness (性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等。
(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后)，-fy (使……化)，-ize (使……成为)。
(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al，-able (有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en (多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern (方向的)，
-ese(某国人的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less (表示否定)，-like (像……的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y (表示天气)等。
(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。
(5)构成数词的后缀有-teen (十几)，-ty (几十)，-th (构成序数词)。
1. That man was ________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.
A. care
B. careful
C. careless
D. carelessness
2. The soldier died for saving the child，so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai.
A. die
B. dead
C. died
D. death
3. The child looked ________at his brother who was badly wounded.
A. sadly
B. sadness
C. saddle
D. sad
4. He is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a ________.
A. chemistry
B. chemical
C. chemist
D. physician
5. The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off.
A. legging
B. legged
C. legs
D. leged
6. Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world.
A. lead
B. leader
C. leading
D. leadership
7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked________ at his classmates.
A. proud
B. proudly
C. pride
D. pridely
8.To everyone’s ________，the girl finished the job quite well.
A. satisfied
B. satisfactory
C. satisfying
D. satisfaction
9.—What are you doing here?
—Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English.
—You can write________passage in English?
A. 600 words；a 600-words
B. 600-word；a 600-words
C. 600 words；a 600-word
D. 600 words；a 600-words
10. No one should enter the spot without the________of the police.
A. permit
B. permission
C. permitting
D. permittance(电容)
11. You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you.
A. headquarters
B. headline
C. headmaster
D. headache
12.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it ____.
A. intend
B. intention
C. intentionally
D. intentional
13. The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a________smile.
A. practice
B. practice
C. practical
D. practiced
14. The________ordered him to pay a $100 fine.
A. judger
B. judgment
C. judge
D. judgement
15. My TV is out of order. Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War?
A. lately
B. latest
C. later
D. latter
16. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________.
A. longer
B. length
C. long
D. longing
17.To my ________，I passed the exam easily.
A. joy
B. joyful
C. joyless
D. joyous
18. Canada is mainly an________country.
A. English-speaking
B. speak-English
C. spoken-English
D. English-spoken
19. How________ he is! He is always acting________.He is really a ________.
A. foolish；foolishly；fool
B. fool；foolish；fool
C. foolish；fool；fool
D. foolishly；foolish；fool
20. The necklace that she lost is very expensive. It’s of great __________.
A. valuable
B. value
C. valueles
D. unvaluable
21. There were________fish in the river in South America.
A. in danger
B. danger
C. dangerous
D. dangerless
22.The letter “b” in the word “doubt” is________.
A. sound
B. silent
C. silence
D. sounded
23. The child looked at me________.
A. stranger
B. strangely
C. strange
D. strangeless
24. The black people were against slavery and fought for their________bravely.
A. free
B. freely
C. freedom
D. freezing
25. What you said sounded________ but in fact it was untrue.
A. reasonable
B. reason
C. reasoned
D. unreason
26. We have to learn ________technology from other countries.
A. advance
B. advancing
C. advantage
D. advanced
27. The children live in a village ________.They come here almost every day.
A. nearby
B. near
C. nearly
D. near by
28.Mr Black is an ________in the army，not an ________in the government. You can not easily find him in his________.
A. official；officer；office
B. officer；office；official
C. official；official；official
D. officer；official；office
29.You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep _______.
A. health
B. healthy
C. healthily
D. healthier
30.________ speaking，I didn’t do it on purpose.
A. Honestly
B. Honest
C. Honesty
D. Dishonest
Word Formation（英语构词法） 一，派生法： * 前缀（词性大多不变） im- impossible impatient impolite il- illegal illogical ir- irregular in-informal independent incorrect incomplete un- unfair unhappy unknown unnecessary unlucky unfortunate unusual unhealthy untie unlock uncover unfold unwrap dis- discourage disable disappear discover dislike disagree disobey mis- mistake misunderstand mislead misjudge en- encourage enable enrich enlarge ensure tele- telephone telegraph telescope television telegram re- remarry rebuild rewrite retell
reunite reappear reconstruction reuse recycle pre- preview pre-read inter- inter-school international internet non- non-smoker nonjudgmental non-stop mid- midnight midday midterm midsummer mid-autumn over- overhead overcharge overdress oversea * 后缀（词性大多有变化） -er teacher worker farmer learner reader loudspeaker writer player swimmer leader cooker heater ruler manager trainer driver -or visitor conductor competitor educator operator actor inventor -ment movement arrangement announcement government equipment agreement disagreement achievement
英语常见构词法 一、常见的前缀 前缀一般会改变词义，但不改变词性；后缀一般不改变词义，而不改变词性。1.表示否定意义的前缀 1)纯否定前缀 a-, an-, asymmetry（不对称）anhydrous（无水的） dis- dishonest, dislike I类：in-, ig-, il, im, ir, Incapable（不能的，无能力的，不能胜任的）, inability（无能力，无才能）, Ignoble（不光彩的，卑鄙的，卑贱的）, impossible, immoral（不道德的）, illegal（不合法的）, irregular（不规则的） ne-, n-, none, neither（either两者中一个）, never non-, nonsense（胡说，废话；荒谬的）sense（感觉，观念，道理）neg-, neglect（疏忽，忽视） un- unable, unemployment（失业） 2)表示错误的意义 male-, mal-, malfunction（发生故障，不起作用；故障）, maladjustment(失调) mis-, mistake, mislead（误导，带错） pseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience 注：pseudo（伪君子，假冒的） 3)表示反动作的意思 de-, defend（辩护，防护）, demodulation(解调) dis-, disarm（裁军，解除武装）, disconnect（拆开，使分离，断开） discover = uncover发现
re-，reverse反面的，反转，倒车 un-, unload（卸载，卸，卸货）, uncover（发现，揭开） with-, withdraw（stop sth or stop making sth撤退，撤消，取款）, withstand（抵挡，反抗，经得起，。。。站立不倒be strong enough not to be harm） withhold(阻止，。。。抓住不放to refuse to give sth to someone) 4)表示相反，相互对立意思 anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antiforeign,(排外的) contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction（矛盾，否认，反驳）, contro-flow(逆流) counter-, counterreaction（抵抗，发对的行动，中和）, counterbalance（使平衡，自动抵消） O类（可以不记忆） ob-, oc-, of-, op-, object（物体；反对，拒绝）, oppose, occupy 2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 1)a- 表示“在……之上”，“向……”（与空间类名次搭配） aboard, aside, 2)by- 表示“附近，邻近，边侧” bypath（侧道，小路）, bypass(弯路) 3)circum-, circu-, 表示“周围，环绕，回转” circumstance（环境，情况）, circuit（电路，回路） 4)de-, 表示“在下，向下” descend（下降；沿。。。向下）, degrade（使降级，贬低；降级；grade 年级，成绩，级别） 5)en-, 表示“在内，进入”（不记忆） encage（关在笼中，禁闭）, enbed(上床) 6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示“外部，外”
英语专题讲座（一） 词汇的分类和构词法 一、复习要点阐述 我们学习的语言的每一篇文章都是由句子构成的。每一个句子都是由或多或少的词构成的。单词是语言构成的最基础内容，教英语的老师通常会说“一个学生记住的词汇是与他的英语成绩成正比。”这句话说明了一件事，就是词汇量的重要性。就像我们自己的国语中文，一个孩子从小到大，在日常生活中记住了大量的词汇，所以运用起来很自如。如何能记好英语的单词及其他们的用法，了解英语的词类和构词法对于一个考生来说是很重要的。所以在今天的专题中，我们将复习英语的词类和初中阶段我们所要掌握的几种构词法，使同学们对英语的词类及其简单的用法有一定的了解，并能正确的使用词汇。 二、要点复习的策略及技巧 （一）英语的词类 英语中的词类根据其语法功能分为名词、冠词、代词、数词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词、动词十类。根据意义又可以分为实词和虚词。实词指具有实际意义并能单独作句子成分的词。这些词是名词、数词、代词、形容词、副词和动词六类。虚词指没有实际意义或实际意义不明显、不能在句子中单独作句子成分的词。这些词是冠词、介词、连词和感叹词四类。 下面我们就词汇的分类、名称、作用及例词列表。
从上面的表格中我们简要地讲解了英语十大词类的基本用法。同学们可以仔细的体会一下此表的内容。这将有助于你们对句子和文章的理解。 （二）构词法 语言的基本要素之一是词汇。在语言发展的最初阶段，人们使用的是少量而简单的词汇，这些词汇只表示日常简单的事物和概念，构成语言最基本的词，称为原生词，也叫基本词或词根词。英语里的原生词大都是单音节的。如：sun, man, head, foot, fish, see, run等，其数量是有限的。随着社会的发展与进步，语言的扩充与融合使语言变得复杂，原有的原生词已不够用，人们便创造了一些新词来表示新有的事物与概念，按照语言一定的规律创造新词的方法，就是我们所说的构词法。在初中阶段我们学习了下列构词法，了解了这些构词法，我们对词的用法就更方便一些。 1. 合成法 合成法至今保持着旺盛的生命力，在现代英语中不少新词都是借助原有的词合成的。 1)名词+名词→名词 basket(篮子)+ball(球)→basketball篮球book (书) +shop(商店) → bookshop书店 book(书) + store(商店) → bookstore书店house(房子) +work(劳动) → housework家务劳动 home(家庭) + work(工作) → homework家庭作业 2) 形容词+名词→名词 black(黑色的)+board(木板)→ blackboard黑板English(英国的)+man(人)→ Englishman英国人 loud(大声的)+speaker(说话者) → loudspeaker扬声器 3)动词的-ing形式＋名词
英语构词法 英语主要有三种构词法：转化、派生和合成，下面简要介绍一下这三种构词法。 1、转化构词法： ①有大量的动词可以转化为名词，有时意思没有太大的变化： Let me have a try.我来试一试。 We stopped there for a swim. He went off at a run to consult a doctor. This is for winter wear. Don’t make it too tight. I like a quiet read after supper。 This was a great surprise（strike，shock）to my brother. Have a look（chat，talk，wash，swim，rest，try，quarrel，smoke，lie，read，run，dream，fight，walk，ride，drink，laugh，dance，bathe，wish，win，fear，love，debate，dispute，interview，taste，etc） Make a study（guess，visit，call，survey，jump，slip，change，search，stay，smart，answer，reply，remark，fight，arrest，appeal，purchase，sacrifice，demand，show，deal，attempt，attack，advance，etc） Come to a stop（end，pause） 有时意思有一定的变化： He was about the same build as his brother.他的体形和他哥哥差不多。 Last year’s catch was four times that of 1986.去年的捕鱼量为1986年的四倍。 This was a decisive move.这是一个决定性的步骤。 They can be used as a stock feed.它们可以作为牲口饲料。 Women have a equal say in everything.妇女在各方面都有同样的发言权。 He won two games；the other two were draws.他赢了两局，另外两局打平了。 ②也有相当多的名词可以当动词用。许多表示物件的名词可以用做动词来表示动 作。 Have you booked your ticket？ Who chaired the meeting？ He pinned great hopes on us. It can seat a thousand people. We have mapped out plans for their utilization. It pictures the life of overseas Chinese students. He hurriedly penciled the time on it. By noon he had bagged three hares. The machine bottles15000 jars of cold cream a day. The money was all pocketed by corrupt officials. He hammered a nail into the wall. 有些表示身体部位的名词也可以用来做动词。 Hand in you exercise-books，please. We’ll back you up. We should dare to face any difficulty and danger. Who headed the delegation. （当团长）。We’ll headed for Yunnan tomorrow. We should shoulder these responsibilities.（肩负） She fingered the silk gently.（抚摩） Soon the seedings shot up and began to ear.（抽穗） １
英语非基本构词法 Ⅰ . 概述 英语构词法除基本的派生法、合成法和转化法三种之外, 还有一些常见的非基本的构词法, 本文主要研究英语中的一些非基本的构词法。一般说来,英语非基本构词法主要有两大类:缩略法(abbreviation ∕shortening 和逆构词法(back formation 。 Ⅱ . 缩略法 把词的音节加以省略或简化而生成的词统统称为缩略词,这种构词方法称为缩略法。英语中缩略词形式繁多,主要有四种类型:截短词(clipping ∕ clipped word 、首字母缩略词 (initialism 、首字母拼写词(acronym 和拼缀词(blending 。 A .截短词 截除原词的某一(或某些音节所得的缩略词,叫做截短词。 1. 截除词尾(apocope dormitory — dorm 集体宿舍 helicopter— heli 直升飞机 bicycle— bike 自行车advertisement — ad 广告 professor— prof 教授 photography— photo 照片 examination — exam 考试 kilogram— kilo 千克 taxicab— taxi 出租车 2.截除词首(aphaeresis bicycle — cycle 自行车 periwig— wig 假发 earthquake— quake 地震 omnibus —bus 公共汽车 bulldozer— dozer 推土机 caravan— van 大篷货车 3.截除首尾(front and back clipping influenza — flu 流行性感冒 refrigerator— fridge 冰箱 prescription — script 处方 detective— dec 侦探 4.截除词腰(syncope
高中英语单词构词法 郭会清整理编写 1．词干(Stem) acu 尖≈sharp【例词】acute敏锐的,尖锐的;acumem敏锐,聪明;acupuncture针灸 alti 高≈high【例词】altitude高度;altimeter高度计;exalt提高,提升 ambula 行走≈walk【例词】ambulance救护车;ambulant流动的;ambulate行走,移动 ann 年≈year【例词】anniversary周年纪念;annual每年的;annals编年史 anthro 人≈man【例词】anthropoid似人类的,类人猿;anthropology人类学;anthroposociology人类社会学arch 统治≈ruler【例词】monarch君主;anarchism无政府主义;patriarch家长,族长 aster,astr 星≈star【例词】astrology占星术;astronomy天文学;asterisk星号,星标 audi 听≈hearing【例词】audience听众;audible听得见的audiphone助听器 auto 自己≈self【例词】automation自动化;autobiography自传;autosuggestion自我暗示 bio 生命≈life【例词】biology生物学;biography传记;biocide杀虫剂 brevi 缩短≈short【例词】brief简短的;brevity简洁;abbreviate缩写 capit 头,首要≈head【例词】capital首都;decapitate斩首;capitation人头税,按人收费【删除红字】 ced 走,移动≈go, ;【删除;】move【例词】recede后退,引退;unprecedented史无前例的;precede先行,居先cess 走,移动≈go,move【例词】access通路;process进展 chron 时间≈time【例词】chronology年表,年代学;chronic慢性的;synchronal同步的,同时发生的 cide 杀,切≈kill,cut【例词】suicide自杀;insecticide杀虫剂;bactericide杀菌剂 confid 相信≈trust【例词】confidence信心;confident有信心的;confidential秘密的,机密的 cord 同心,和谐≈heart【例词】accordance一致,调和;concord协调,同意;discord不和,不一致 cred 相信≈trust,belief【例词】credit信用,信任;incredible难以置信的;credulous轻信的 cur 跑,动≈run,move【例词】current潮流;excurse远足,旅行;incursion入侵,进入 cycl 圆,轮≈circle,wheel【例词】bicycle自行车;tricycle三轮车;hemicycle半圆的 dic,dict 说≈s ay,speak【例词】indicate指示,暗示;dictate口授；【加】diction措词 domin 统治≈rule,control【例词】dominate主宰;indomitable不屈不挠的 duce,duct 引导,带走≈lead,take【例词】introduce介绍;induce引诱；【加】conduct指导 equ 相同≈same,equal【例词】equality平等;equivalence对应物；【加】equator赤道 faci 容易≈easy【例词】facile易得到的,不花力气的;facilitate使...容易 fact 做≈make,do【例词】manufacture制造;factory工厂;enefactor恩人,施恩者 fer 搬运,带来≈carry,bring【例词】ferry轮渡;transfer搬运,转移;interfere干预 fin 限制≈end,limit【例词】finalize使...了结;infinite无限的;define限定,下定义 flect,flex 弯≈bend【例词】reflect反射,反映;flexible易弯曲的;reflexctor反射镜 flu 流动≈flow【例词】influence影响;fluent流利;fluid流动的,液,流体 form 形状≈shap【例词】reform改革;conform符合 frag 打破≈break【例词】fragile易碎的;fragment碎片;fracture骨折 gen 生产≈produce【例词】generate产生;genetics遗传学;genesis起源,创始 geo 土地,地球≈land,earth【例词】geology地理学;geometry几何学;geocide地球末日 grad 走≈go,step【例词】graduate毕业;gradual逐步的;degrade退化,堕落 graph,gram 写≈write,writing【例词】telegraph电报;program节目,说明书;diagram图表 grate,grati 感谢≈thanks【例词】grateful衷心感谢的;gratitude感谢 grav 重,严肃≈heavy,serious【例词】gravity重力,严重性;grave严重的;gravimeter比重计,测重器
s 初中英语构词法汇总及练习 一。概念 英语的构词法主要有：转化法，合成法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法。 二。相关知识点精讲 1.转化法 英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。 1)动词转化为名词 很多动词可以转化为名词，大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①)；有时意思有一定变化(如下②)；有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作(如下③)。例如： ① Let's go out for a walk. ______________________________ ②He is a man of strong build 。______________________________ 2)名词转化为动词 很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。例如： ① Did you book a seat on the plane? _____________________________? ②Please hand me the book 。____________________________________。 ③She nursed her husband back to health 。______________________________。 ④We lunched together 。__________________________________。 3)形容词转化为动词 有少数形容词可以转化为动词。例如： We will try our best to better our life 。___________________________________。 4)副词转化为动词 有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如： Murder will out 。(谚语)恶事终必将败露。 5)形容词转化为名词 表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①)；某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured 等与the 连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数(如下②)。例如： People should be dressed in black at the funeral 。______________________________。 The old in our village are living a happy life 。__________________________________。 2.派生法 在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。 1)前缀 除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。 (1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如： important 重要的→___important appear 出现→____appear 消失 correct 正确的→___correct 不正确的 lead 带领→___lead 领错 (2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词)， anti- (反对；抵抗)， auto- (自动)， co- (共同)， en- (使)， inter- (互相)， re- (再；又)， sub- (下面的；次；小)，
Ⅰ．构词法（Word Formation） A．词根（Root） B．派生词（Derivative） C．合成词（Compound Words） 词是什么？ “词”的英语是“Word”。依据词典“Word”可译为“语言、言、话、字、文字、词”等。人类在学习一种语言时最基本的两件事就是认识词和使用词来表达思想。 那么“Word”是什么？ 我们先从表达思想来说。大凡人要把心中所感觉到的和所想的表达出来时，一个共通的表达模式就是“举出主题并说明它”。这种表达模式我们叫做“一句话”，在语言学上称为句子（Sentence）。例如： 例A：Your book is on the desk． （你的书在书桌上。） 例B：Tom goes to school by bicycle every day． （汤姆每天骑自行车上学。） 例C：The lady who has just passed by is our English teacher． （刚经过的那位女士是我们的英语老师。） 解说：上面各例都是句子。例A是表示我们生活中周边的静态事物，例B是表达事物的动态现象，例C所表达的是两者都有。那么句子是由什么来组成的呢？由上面各例可以了解句子的组成要素如下： 由上面的解说我们可以了解： 定义：词、短语、从句等称为句子组成的要素（Element）。 词是句子的组成要素中不能再细分的最小表意单位（Sense unit）。 构词法 英文词和中文词的最大不同点在于中文词是属于象形文字语系，字形是固定不变，而且是一字一音；英文词是属于符号文字语系，其字形（拼写法）须配合语意和句意表达的条件并受其约束，同时有一字一音、一字二音、一字三音……等。请参考下列的中英文词对比。 上面对比表中所列示者只是英文词的基本变化部分，实际上英文词的词形变化还不止这些。语言学家把这种专门研究词形变化现象和规则的学问称为词形学（Morphology），通常简称为构词法（Word Formation）。 构词法基本上包括下列三项： 1．词根（Root） 2．派生词（Derivative） 3．合成词（Compound Words） A．词根（Root） 定义：英文词形成的“根基”部分称为词根（亦称字根）。 现以“like”为例列示如下： Root like................................................... 像 a-like.................................................... 相像 un-like................................................... 不像 like-ness............................................ 相像 un-like-ness............................................ 互不相像 解说：如例所示“like”就是“alike…unlikeness”等词的词根。因英文词源自拉丁语者约占五分
高中英语构词法讲解与练习 一.类别 英语构词法主要有：合成法，转化法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法。 二.定义与精讲 1.转化法 英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。 1)动词转化为名词 ①很多动词可以转化为名词，大多数情况下，意思没有多大的变化，如： Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。 ②有时意思有一定变化，如： He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。 ③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作，如： Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。 2)名词转化为动词 ①很多表示物件，如 Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗? ②身体部位，如： Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。 ③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，如： She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。 ④某些抽象名词也可作动词。如： We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。 3)形容词转化为动词 有少数形容词可以转化为动词。如： We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。 4)副词转化为动词 有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如： Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。 5)形容词转化为名词
英语基本构词法 英语最基本的构词法（word formation）有三种：派生（derivation）、合成（compounding）和转化（conversion）。利用构词法记忆单词，可以记忆成串，举一反三。 Ⅰ.派生法 派生词缀和词根结合，或者粘着词根和粘着词根结合构成单词的方法，叫做派生法(derivation)，也称作缀词法。用派生法构成的词叫做派生词（derivative）。派生词的词缀法是英语构词法中最活跃的一种,在英语构词的历史上发挥极其重要的作用。另外,这种构词法也是我们可以发挥能动性借以扩大词汇量的一种构词法。词缀分为前缀和后缀两种。 A.前缀 1．表示“否定”、“相反”意义的前缀： de- decrease减少；decentralize分散；degrade降级，降低……的地位； dis- dislike不喜欢；disagree不同意；distrust不信任；disappear消失； il- illegal不合法的；illogical不合逻辑的；illegalize宣布……为非法； im- impossible不可能的；immoral不道德的；impractical不现实的； un- unwilling 不情愿的；unbelievable 难以置信的；unnecessary 不必要的等等。 2．表示时间先后的前缀 ex- ex-husband前夫；ex-president前总统； fore- foretell语言；foresight先见之明，预见；foresee预见，预知； mid- midterm其中的；midnight午夜； post- postwar战后的；postgraduate研究生；postdoctoral博士后的等等。 3．表示方向位置的前缀 ex- export出口；exclude把……排斥在外；external外部的； in- input输入；indoor室内的；inrush涌入；incoming进来的等等。 4．表示程度的前缀 extra- extraordinary非凡的，惊人的；extracurricular课程以外的； out- outnumber比……多；outrun超过，跑得比……快； sur- surpass超过，优于；surplus剩余的；surrealism超现实主义等等。 5．表示数量的前缀 bi- bilateral双边的，两边的；bipartisan两党的；bilingual两语的； mono- momocycle独轮车；monologue独白；monodrama独角戏，单人剧；
初中英语构词法大全 英语构词方法主要有三种：即转化、派生和合成。 一. 转化 英语单词的词性非常活跃，名词用作动词，动词转化为名词，形容词用作动词等现象非常普遍，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性的方式就叫做词性的转化。 1. 动词和名词之间的相互转化。有时意思变化不大，有时有一定的变化。 1) 动词转化为名词。如： I often go there for a walk. 我经常去那里散步。(句中walk由动词转化为名词) 2) 名词转化为动词。如： Have you booked your ticket?你的票订好了吗? (句中book由名词转化为动词,词意引申为“预订”) Hand me your knife, please. 请把你的刀子递给我。(句中hand由名词转化为动词,词意引申为“传递”) 2. 少部分形容词转化为动词。 The train slowed down to half its speed. 火车速度减慢了一半。(句中slow由形容词转化为动词，词意引申为“减速”) 3. 形容词和名词之间的相互转化。 The poor were not allowed to go into this park those days. 那个时候，穷人是不允许进入这个公园的。 (句中poor由形容词转化为名词，词意引申为“穷人”) 4. 有些词词形不变，只因词尾的清浊音变化而发生词类转化，有时词形也可以变化。如: excuse [?ks?kju?z]v.原谅excuse [?ks?kju?s]n.原谅 use [ju?z]v.用use [ju?s]n.用 二. 派生 派生词是在一个单词前面加前缀或后面加后缀构成新词。 1. 通过加前缀构成另一个词。 前缀一般不造成词类的转换，但能引起词义的变化。前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词。常用的前缀有： 前缀意义例词 dis- 不,相反的dislike, disappear, dishonest im- 不impossible, impolite mis- 错误的misunderstand re- 重新,再次rewrite, retell super- 超级supermarket, superman un- 不unfair, unhappy, unable 个别前缀也可以引起词类的变化，如： en-可以和名词或形容词构成动词：enable（使能够）, encourage（鼓励）； a-可以和名词构成形容词：asleep（睡着的）； 2. 通过加后缀构成另一个词。后缀不仅能改变词义,也能改变词类。 (1) 常用的构成名词的后缀： 后缀意义例词 -er 人,动作者worker, singer, recorder, teacher -or 人,动作者actor, visitor, editor,inventor,director -ist 人chemist, dentist, scientist,artist -ess 女性actress, waitress -ment 行为,动作government, movement, development -ness 状态,性质illness, happiness,sadness -ion 动作,状态discussion, decision, organization -th 状态length, wealth, truth -ese 人Japanese, Chinese -ian 人American, musician, historian -ship 状态friendship
附二、英语常见构词法 一、常见前缀 1. 前缀anti- “反，抗，阻，排斥” anti-bacterial 抗菌的 anti-body 抗体 anti-fascist 反法西斯主义者 anti-gas 防毒气的 anti-imperialist 反帝的 anti-Japanese War 抗日战争 anti-popular 反人民的 anti-virus 抗病毒 2. 前缀auto- “自动的”、“自己的”autoalarm 自动报警器autobiographer 自传 autocoder 自动编码器autography 亲笔签名automatically 自动地 automobile 汽车、机动车 3. 前缀bi- “二” bicentury 两百年的 bicycle 自行车 bilingual 双语的 bi-monthly 双月的 binocular 双目的、双筒的bioxide 二氧化物 4. 前缀co- “共同”、“一起”、coauthor 合著者之一 coheir 共同继承人 co-operation 合作 5.前缀counter- “反”、“逆”counteragent 反作用剂 counter-attack 反击countercharge 反诉、反告countercurrent 逆向电流 counter-revoluntionist 反革命分子countermarch 反向行进countermine 反水雷的水雷counterproposal 反提案 counterspy 反间谍 6.前缀de- (反动作) “离开、否定、减少”decentralize 分散 decentre 使离开中心decompose 分解 decontrol 解除对...的管制decrease 减少 deform 使变形 degrade 使降级 depress 压下、降低 desalt 除去...的盐分devalue 降低价值 7. 前缀dis- “否定或相反”disability 无能disadvantage 缺点、弱势disagree 不同意disappear 消失disapprove 不赞同disarrange 使混乱discharge 卸 disclose 揭开 discolour 使褪色disconnect 分离discontinuous 不连续的discontinue 中止 discount 折扣discourage 使泄气 discover 发现diseconomy 不景气disemployed 失业的disengage 解除 disfavour 不喜欢、不赞成disillusion 使幻灭、醒悟disloyal 不忠诚的disobedient 不服从的disorder 混乱disorganize 瓦解 8.前缀en- em- “使…，加强”embitter 使痛苦 enable 使能够 encase 把…装箱enclose 包围 enchain 使…链接encourage 使…有勇气endanger 使…危险enlarge 使…扩大 enrich 使富裕 enrobe 用…包住enslave 使…成为奴隶enthrone 加冕 entrain 登上火车 9. 前缀ex- “前” exceed (免除、离开)超出exception (完全)除外expense 支出 expose (向外;超过) 揭露ex-soldier 退伍军人 10. 前缀for- ，fore- “先，前，预”forehead 前额 foreman 工头、工长forward 向前 11.前缀for- “禁，弃” forbid 禁 forget 忘记 forgive 原谅 12.前缀hexa- “六” hexahedron 六面体 hexagon 六角形、六边形
英语词汇学论文构词法 新精编版 MQS system office room 【MQS16H-TTMS2A-MQSS8Q8-MQSH16898】
Abstract 词汇是我们在英语学习过程中最大的障碍。然而，英语构词法能够帮助我们很好的辨别并正确理解英语，同时也可以在短时间内增加我们的词汇量，英语构词法是学习英语的有效途径和强有力的“武器”，在所有的英语构词法中，词缀法能够生成的新单词是最多的也是最广泛，它被认为英语学习的最佳途径之一。除了词缀发以外，复合法、转类法、混成法、截短法、首字母拼音法、逆向构词法也都是英语学习的有效途径 Vocabulary is one of the main obstacles of English study. However English word formation can help us recognize English words, understand them correctly, and enlarge our vocabulary quickly. It is an efficient way and powerful weapon for English study. Among them，affixation is the strongest one to form a great range of vocabulary, and it is claimed to be one of the best ways of learning English. Besides, compounding, conversion, blending, clipping, acronyms, back-formation are also efficient ways of learning English. In the paper the ways and characteristics of word formation is analyzed form these aspects: affixation, compounding, conversion, blending. Key words: English, lexicology, word formation, affixation （关键字：英语、词汇学，构词法，词缀法） Introduction The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on word formation. There is a variety of means being at work now. The most productive are affixation, compounding and conversion. Talking about word formation patterns means dealing with rules. But not all words which are produced by applying the rule are acceptable. The acceptability is gained only when the word have gained an institutional currency in the language. Therefore rules only provide a constant set of models from which new word are created from day to day. Rules themselves are not fixed but undergo changes to a certain extent. For instance, affixes and compounding processes may become productive at one time or lose their productivity. By word formation processes, we concentrate on productive or on productive rules. While applying the rules, we should keep in mind that there are always exceptions. In my opinion, the most important principle for all these rules of word formation is economy. Chapter 1 the function of English word formation Word formation is an effective way to enlarge our English vocabulary. Nowadays, more and more people have taken notice of learning English. The number of the people who begin to learn English has increased at a high speed. How can we improve our English effectively is undoubtedly