磁粉离合器的外文资料
默认分类2011-05-04 10:57:37 阅读1 评论0 字号：大中小订阅
磁粉离合器Magnetic powder clutch is combined with the transmission unit (input axis) and driven unit (output axis). The space between the two groups of unit is filled with some granular magnetic powder (volume about 40 microns). When sole noids don’t conduct electricity, torque can’t work between drive shaft and driven shaft. But when the coils are power on by electromagnetic, it will attract magnetic powder and cause sclerosis phenomenon by magnetic force. Then torque will be
transmitted by sliding.
Magnetic powder clutch is a kind of the superior performance of automatic control components. We take magnetic powder as the working medium and magnetizing current as the control measure to achieve braking control and torque transmission. Its output torque has fine linear relation with magnetizing, but has nothing to do with speed and slid. it is characterized by rapid response speed and *** structure. It is widely used in tension automatic control systems of wire, cable, packaging, printing, *** and *** processing, textiles, rubber, leather, metal foil tape processing and other relevant coiling device. Magnetic powder clutch is also used in the buffer starting, overload
protection, speed switch, etc.
(1) high-precision torque control
The torque can achieve high precision control and wide control range through conveying torque
and exciting current into the right proportion.
(2) excellent durability and long service life
Magnetic powder clutch has long service life by using heat resistance, abrasion resistance, resistance to oxidation and corrosion resistance super ultra alloy powder.
(3) stable constant torque characteristics
Magnetic powder has magnetosphere characteristics, and the adhesion between particles is quite. Sliding torque is very stable, and the relative rotation several no relationship can abiding constant
torque.
(4) continuous sliding operation use
Magnetic powder clutch has good heat dissipation and uniform cooling structure of thermal deformation. Then high heat resistance of magnetic powder allows links and braking power and sliding high power, can smooth sliding operation, and won't cause vibrations.
(5) link smooth, non-impact
There is no impact when it links. It can start and stop smoothly non-impact. And resistance torque
is tiny and won't cause useless calorific value.
(6) suitable for high frequency operation
It is suitable for high frequency operation use with quick response and special quick cooling
structure,
(7) lightweight, maintenance-free, long service life
It is lightweight using concise type of high-temperature coil and special grease bearings. And imposing wear-resisting attrition easily armature special treatment can prolong service life.
Edit features of the product
1. Magnetic powder clutch and brake is a kind of the superior performance automatic control
components
2. It is with high linear and high-precision torque control.
3. It uses high temperature resistant coil super alloy powder and can prolong service life. It is
smooth in connection and there is non-impact magnetic particle clutch.
4. The product of high precision, the careful treatment, excellent linearity, superior performance is
made by CNC precision manufacturing.
5. Magnetic powder is high purity without black carbon powder and stable performance with long
service life .
6. The aluminum-alloy structure is with excellent thermal performance, good retreat magnetic and
fast response.
7. At startup, operation and braking condition, it works smoothly without vibration, shock and
noise.
8. As the torque is proportional to and exciting current in the provision of torque range, we can
take it as linear regulating elements.
9. Output torque is constant, because torque size just depends on the size of the current excitation
and has nothing to do with sliding speed.
10. Parting or gathering is frequent with fast response, higher frequencies and every minute can
achieve 40 to 60 times. It can be widely applied in rapid working status and high frequency
occasion.
11. With high power magnification, it is easy to achieve automatic control by using small exciting
current to control large transmission power.
12. At startup, operation and braking condition, it works smoothly without vibration, shock and
noise.
13. Overload protection In torque overload situation, automatic sliding running plays overload
protection function.
14. With small volume and light weight, it is easy to equip and has long service life.
Working principle:
1. Coil of TCT static magnetic powder clutch and magnetic powder brake is a kind of automation
devices to control input current to change output turn major.
2. When the coil doesn’t work, input shaft rotation, magnetic powder in the centrifugal force, under the action of pressure clamping ring attached to the output shaft wall, with input shaft no
contact, at this time, for idling state.
3. When the coils electrify, under the function of magnetic powder it will cause flux linkage to make the output shaft and input shaft become a rigid and rotation and produce when sliding in overload. So as to achieve the purpose of transmission torque.
USES:
1, When it is buffer, start and stop, it will be top torque of stable acceleration and non-impact by using the sleek characteristics and link set torque characteristics.
2, continuous sliding, tension control use
3, torque limit optimizations
4, high-speed response to use
5, power absorption use
6, positioning to stop using
8, It can be used for torque transfer process of clutch function and torque braking effect.
7, with load simulation
9, It is suitable for constant tension control system, such as: printing machine, cutting machine, composite machines, coating machine, *** machine, wire drawing machine and cable winding machine, and sheet metal, strip, the film processing equipment and textile machinery, etc.
10, It can replace ordinary clutch for machine to be used in CNC, computer, wide device of
precision a line printer and mechanical.
11, As overload device, it can be applied to mine ascending machinery, lifting machinery and cement, steel and other mechanical equipment, and can make the prime mover no-load startup, gradually loading, improve equipment load capacity.
12, Stepless speed regulation plus sensor and control circuit will realize stepless speed regulation, especially for high speed and medium-sized power fine-tuning speed system.
13, In overload protection, when work system stops work and torque overload, Clutch automatic will be sliding to protect mechanical equipment and driving force.
The research of electromagnetic flied was analyzed mainly through Finite Element Analysis. The strongest strength of Finite Element Analysis is its great generality and precision. It can analyze the various questions of electromagnetic such as inductance, capacitance, flux density, eddy current, E-filed distribution, magnetic field, Magnetic field lines, Magnetic force, effect of motion, circuits, energy loss and etc. It can also make an effective analysis for such as electric power engine, transformers, screw tubes, starter, motor, magnetic imaging system, image display devices, sensors, a cyclotron, maglev device, bird, resonator, cell and other kinds of equipment on the issue.
This kind of software provides an abundant expression of Linear and nonlinear materials,
including isotropic and anisotropic magnetic conductivity, B - H curve of material and demagnetization curve, post-processing function allows users to display field and flux density
parameters.
The Ansoft analysis should consider following three aspects:
(1) Dimension— when the electromagnetic field analysis belongs to the plane field or
axisymmetric field, we’d better analyze by 2D games..
(2) the type of game—If the game is generated by constant source, it can be regarded as static
field; If the field is sinusoidal alternating and lower frequency, we can handle it by harmonic magnetic field; "The state" field is the most close to the actual, while its costs are the highest. It refers to the field quantity is completely irregular wave, or some even regular waveform when using "harmony" method also can calculate average, this time also can press "transient" field to
analysis.
(3) the finite element method—the traditional finite element method based on node method and the method all based on unit method joints—each nodes are have several degrees of freedom, and then work out the finite element equations by listing freedom of these different node. Then we can find out the solution, and the intuition is better. As long as the gridding is reasonable, it can
guarantee good accuracy.
The common boundary conditions in Electromagnetic field solution
In the finite element numerical calculation, a final solution is matrix equation, and the boundary conditions are the equations of settle solution conditions. In other words, there are countless solutions, and there is only one solution which can meet the equation and the boundary condition.
Boundary conditions are guaranteed the equations that can be set to work out smoothly. And boundary conditions on the name imply that is the known quantity of model each border and it can be field quantity or other available to set the solution physical quantities. According to the different solver of the calculation model, the solver can be classified into 6 types main static magnetic field, eddy field, magnetic field, static, transient alternating electric field, magnetic field,
dc transmission field.
2d solver Can calculate 6 kinds of common model, and each solver have their own corresponding boundary conditions, but there are also part of the boundary condition is common in different solution will appear. Basic boundary conditions have the following kinds:
Default Boundary Conditions
Vector Potential Boundary
Symmetry Boundary
Balloon Boundary
Master/Slave Boundary
Impedance Boundary
7. Resistance Boundary
methods and steps for solving electromagnetic field
the basic method in solving the magnetic field is the finite element and the finite element method is to divide the area of solution into several small groups. This small area is called an "units" or "finite element". Then we can solve every small area by using linear or nonlinear method, and combining the result of the regional, we get the entire region solution. The whole area is divided into the units, it is very *** to get the solution. it is only a few algebra operations. If we use A linear interpolation method within units, and we can get the value of the unknown points. Then the regional integration turns into a small regional peace.
Finite element method in CAE fields especially stress analysis is more mature. The process of Electromagnetic field analysis and principle and process of stress analysis are basically similar. Its principle of the process is to divide the object into several units, and each unit covers a number of nodes, and then based on the vector magnetic potential or scalar magnetic potential to find out certain boundary conditions and initial conditions in each node of the magnetic potential or potential, and then further solving out other relevant quantity, such as directed flux close Degrees, magnetic field intensity value, etc. The main analysis on this question Ansoft process is as
follows:
(1) to define the physical environment, including coordinate system unit setting, selection and
finite element unit selection and instructions and material characteristics definition, etc.;
(2) to make geometric modeling of electromagnetic institutions, then to solve it areas use selected
unit division, and the partition of the unit gave characteristics and Numbers;
(3) To exert boundary conditions and load;
(4) To solve and post-processing.
磁粉离合器的外文资料默认分类2011年5月4日10时57分37秒阅读1评论0字号：大中小订阅
磁粉离合器磁粉离合器是结合传输单元（输入轴）和从动单元（输出轴）。单位之间的两组空间充斥着一些粒状的磁粉（体积大约40微米）。当电磁铁不导电，扭矩之间不能工作驱
动轴和从动轴。但是，当电磁线圈是权力，它会吸引磁粉磁力，造成硬化现象。然后将发送扭矩滑动。
磁粉离合器是一个自动化元件优越的表现。我们以此为工作介质和控制措施，实现制动控制励磁电流和扭矩传输磁粉。其输出转矩与激磁良好的线性关系，但已无关的速度和下滑。它的特点是响应速度快和***结构。它被广泛应用于张力电线，电缆，包装，印刷，自动化控制系统***和***加工，纺织，橡胶，皮革，金属箔带加工等有关卷取装置。磁粉离合器还可用于缓冲起动，过载保护，速度开关等
（1）高精度转矩控制
扭矩扭矩可以达到通过输送到正确的和令人兴奋的电流控制精度高的比例和范围的控制范围。
（2）优良的耐久性和使用寿命长
磁粉离合器采用耐热性，耐磨损，耐氧化，耐腐蚀合金粉末超级超使用寿命长。
（3）稳定的恒转矩特性
磁性粉磁层特性，以及粒子间的粘附力相当。滑动扭矩非常稳定，相对旋转数没有关系能持久的恒转矩。
（4）连续滑动操作使用
磁粉离合器具有良好的散热性和热变形均匀冷却结构。然后，高耐热性使得磁粉环节和制动功率和高功率滑动，可滑动平稳运行，不会造成震动。
（5）链接光滑，无影响
有没有影响时，它的链接。它可以启动和停止平稳无冲击。扭矩和阻力很小，不会造成无用的热值。
（6）适合高频操作
这是高频率，快速反应和快速冷却架构的运作特别适合使用，
（7）重量轻，免维护，使用寿命长
它是轻量级的利用高温线圈和特种润滑脂的轴承简洁的类型。而壮丽的耐磨特殊处理电枢容易磨损，延长使用寿命。
编辑产品功能
1。磁粉离合器和制动器是一种性能优越的自动控制元件类
2。它与高线性和高转矩控制精度。
3。它采用耐高温线圈超合金粉末，可以延长使用寿命。这是在连接光滑，无影响磁粉离合器。
4。精度高，精心治疗，出色的线性产品，性能优越，是由数控精密制造。
5。磁粉是没有黑色碳粉，具有使用寿命长，性能稳定的高纯度。
6。在铝合金结构具有优良的热性能，良好的退磁场和快速响应。
7。在启动，运行和制动条件下，工作顺利，没有振动，冲击和噪声。
8。由于转矩成正比，和令人激动的范围内提供的转矩电流，我们可以以此为线性调节元素。9。输出转矩恒定，因为扭矩大小只取决于当前的大小和激励无关，与滑动的速度。
10。离别或收集与快速响应，更高的频率，每分钟可达到40到60倍频繁。它可广泛应用于快速的工作状态和高频率的场合。
11。高功率放大，很容易实现利用小电流来控制大令人兴奋的发射功率自动控制。
12。在启动，运行和制动条件下，工作顺利，没有振动，冲击和噪声。
13。过载保护在转矩超载情况下，自动滑运行起着过载保护功能。
14。体积小，重量轻，很容易掌握，并且使用寿命长。
工作原理：
1。大老山隧道静磁场线圈磁粉离合器和磁粉制动器是一种自动化设备，以控制输入电流的改变输出转专业。
2。当线圈不工作，在夹紧连接到输出压力作用井壁环输入轴旋转，在离心力磁粉，与输入轴不接触，在这个时候，在机器空转状态。
3。当线圈通电，在磁粉函数会导致通量联系，以使输出轴与输入轴成为一个僵化，旋转和过载时产生滑动。从而达到传播的转矩的目的。
用途：
1，当它被缓冲，启动和停止时，将采用圆滑的特点和链接设置转矩特性和非稳定加速冲击顶部扭矩。
2，连续滑动，张力控制使用
3，优化扭矩限制
4，高速响应使用
5，电源吸收利用
6，定位停止使用
8，可用于扭矩离合器扭矩制动效果功能和转移过程。
7，具有负载模拟
9，这对恒张力控制系统，如适合：印花机，切割机，复合机，涂布机，***机，拉丝机和电缆绕线机，板材，带材，薄膜的加工设备和纺织机械等
10，它可以代替普通离合器将在数控机床，计算机，精密设备的宽行打印机和机械使用。
11，过载装置，它可应用于矿山提升机械，起重机械，水泥，钢铁等机械设备，可以使原动机的空载启动，逐步加载，提高设备的负荷能力。
12，无级调速加上传感器和控制电路可实现无级调速，特别是高速和中型功率微调调速系统。
13日，超载保护，当系统停止工作超负荷的工作和扭矩，将滑动离合器自动保护机械设备和动力。
飞的电磁分析研究主要是通过有限元分析。有限元分析的最强的实力是其巨大的通用性和精度。它可以分析电磁如电感，电容，磁通密度，涡流，电子方式提交的分布，磁场，磁力线，磁力，运动，电路，能量损失和影响等各种问题也能使作为一个电力发动机，变压器，螺丝管，起动器，电机，磁成像系统，图像显示装置，传感器，一个回旋加速器，磁悬浮装置，鸟，谐振器，细胞和其他类型的设备等问题上有效地分析。这种软件提供了线性和非线性材料，包括各向同性和各向异性磁导率，乙丰富的表达- H的物质和退磁曲线曲线，后处理功能，用户可以显示字段和磁通密度参数。
在Ansoft的分析应考虑以下三个方面：
（1）尺寸，电磁场分析时，这架飞机属于外地或轴对称场，我们会更好地分析由2D游戏..
（2）游戏如果游戏是由恒流源产生的，它可以把静态字段类型;如果该字段是正弦交变而较低的频率，我们可以处理谐波磁场干扰的地方，“国家”字段最贴近实际，而其成本是最高的。它指的是场量是完全不规则波，或有些人甚至经常波形当使用“和谐”的方法也可以计算平均而言，这个时候也可以按“短暂”字段进行分析。
（3）有限元方法，对传统的有限元方法节点的方法和接头上的所有单元法为基础的方法为基础，每个节点有自由几度，然后制定出通过列出这些不同的自由的有限元方程节点。然后，我们可以找出解决方案，更好的直觉。只要是合理的网格长，它可以保证良好的精度。
溶液中的电磁场的共同边界条件
在有限元数值计算，最终的解决办法是矩阵方程，边界条件是解决解条件方程。换言之，有无数的解决方案，只有一个解决方案，可满足方程和边界条件。边界条件，保证了可以开始工作的顺利方程。而在名称暗示的边界条件是已知数量的模型各边境，它可以在现场或其他可供量的解集物理量。根据不同的求解器的计算模型，求解器可分为6种主要的静态磁场，涡流场，磁场，静态，暂态交变电场，磁场，直流输电领域。
二维求解器可以计算出6种常用模式，而且每个都有自己的求解相应的边界条件，但也有部分边界条件在不同的解决方案将出现普遍。基本边界条件有以下几种：
默认边界条件
矢量势边界
对称边界
气球边界
主/从边界
阻抗边界
7。电阻边界
解决的方法和步骤电磁场
在解决磁场的基本方法是有限元法和有限元方法是分成几个小群体的解决方案领域。这个狭小的地区被称为“单位”或“有限元素”。然后我们就可以解决使用线性或非线性方法，并结合各区域的结果每一个细小方面，我们得到了整个地区的解决方案。总面积为单位划分，这是非常***得到解决。它只有几个代数操作。如果我们用线性内插法的单位，我们可以得到未知点的值。然后，区域一体化变成一个小的区域和平。
在CAE领域的有限元法特别强调分析更成熟。电磁场的分析的原理和过程的应力分析过程基本相似。其过程的原理是将对象分成几个单元，每个单元涵盖了节点数，然后在矢量磁位和标量磁势基础，以找出各节点的磁一定边界条件和初始条件潜在的或潜在的，然后进一步解决了其他相关的数量，如定向流量接近度，磁场强度值等Ansoft公司关于这个问题过程中的主要分析如下：
（1）定义了物理环境，包括坐标系统的单位设置，选择和有限元单元的选择和指示和材料特性的定义等;
（2）使电磁机构的几何造型，然后解决它地区使用所选单元的划分，以及本单位的特点和分区了数;
（3）施加边界条件和载荷;
（4）求解和后处理。
中英文对照资料外文翻译文献 附件1：外文资料翻译译文 传感器新技术的发展 传感器是一种能将物理量、化学量、生物量等转换成电信号的器件。输出信号有不同形式，如电压、电流、频率、脉冲等，能满足信息传输、处理、记录、显示、控制要求，是自动检测系统和自动控制系统中不可缺少的元件。如果把计算机比作大脑，那么传感器则相当于五官，传感器能正确感受被测量并转换成相应输出量，对系统的质量起决定性作用。自动化程度越高，系统对传感器要求越高。在今天的信息时代里，信息产业包括信息采集、传输、处理三部分，即传感技术、通信技术、计算机技术。现代的计算机技术和通信技术由于超大规模集成电路的飞速发展，而已经充分发达后，不仅对传感器的精度、可靠性、响应速度、获取的信息量要求越来越高，还要求其成本低廉且使用方便。显然传统传感器因功能、特性、体积、成本等已难以满足而逐渐被淘汰。世界许多发达国家都在加快对传感器新技术的研究与开发，并且都已取得极大的突破。如今传感器新技术的发展，主要有以下几个方面： 利用物理现象、化学反应、生物效应作为传感器原理，所以研究发现新现象与新效应是传感器技术发展的重要工作，是研究开发新型传感器的基础。日本夏普公司利用超导技术研制成功高温超导磁性传感器，是传感器技术的重大突破，其灵敏度高，仅次于超导量子干涉器件。它的制造工艺远比超导量子干涉器件简单。可用于磁成像技术，有广泛推广价值。 利用抗体和抗原在电极表面上相遇复合时，会引起电极电位的变化，利用这一现象可制出免疫传感器。用这种抗体制成的免疫传感器可对某生物体内是否有这种抗原作检查。如用肝炎病毒抗体可检查某人是否患有肝炎，起到快速、准确作用。美国加州大学巳研制出这类传感器。 传感器材料是传感器技术的重要基础，由于材料科学进步，人们可制造出各种新型传感器。例如用高分子聚合物薄膜制成温度传感器；光导纤维能制成压力、流量、温度、位移等多种传感器；用陶瓷制成压力传感器。
The development of automobile As the world energy crisis and the war and the energy consumption of oil -- and are full of energy in one day someday it will disappear without a trace. Oil is not inresources. So in oil consumption must be clean before finding a replacement. With the development of science and technology the progress of the society people invented the electric car. Electric cars will become the most ideal of transportation. In the development of world each aspect is fruitful especially with the automobile electronic technology and computer and rapid development of the information age. The electronic control technology in the car on a wide range of applications the application of the electronic device cars and electronic technology not only to improve and enhance the quality and the traditional automobile electrical performance but also improve the automobile fuel economy performance reliability and emission spurification. Widely used in automobile electronic products not only reduces the cost and reduce the complexity of the maintenance. From the fuel injection engine ignition devices air control and emission control and fault diagnosis to the body auxiliary devices are generally used in electronic control technology auto development mainly electromechanical integration. Widely used in automotive electronic control ignition system mainly electronic control fuel injection system electronic control ignition system electronic control automatic transmission electronic control ABS/ASR control system electronic control suspension system electronic control power steering system vehicle dynamic control system the airbag systems active belt system electronic control system and the automatic air-conditioning and GPS navigation system etc. With the system response the use function of quick car high reliability guarantees of engine power and reduce fuel consumption and emission regulations meet standards. The car is essential to modern traffic tools. And electric cars bring us infinite joy will give us the physical and mental relaxation. Take for example automatic transmission in road can not on the clutch can achieve automatic shift and engine flameout not so effective improve the driving convenience lighten the fatigue strength. Automatic transmission consists mainly of hydraulic torque converter gear transmission pump hydraulic control system electronic control system and oil cooling system etc. The electronic control of suspension is mainly used to cushion the impact of the body and the road to reduce vibration that car getting smooth-going and stability. When the vehicle in the car when the road uneven road can according to automatically adjust the height. When the car ratio of height low set to gas or oil cylinder filling or oil. If is opposite gas or diarrhea. To ensure and improve the level of driving cars driving stability. Variable force power steering system can significantly change the driver for the work efficiency and the state so widely used in electric cars. VDC to vehicle performance has important function it can according to the need of active braking to change the wheels of the car car motions of state and optimum control performance and increased automobile adhesion controlling and stability. Besides these appear beyond 4WS 4WD electric cars can greatly improve the performance of the value and ascending simultaneously. ABS braking distance is reduced and can keep turning skills effectively improve the stability of the directions simultaneously reduce tyre wear. The airbag appear in large programs protected the driver and passengers safety and greatly reduce automobile in collision of drivers and passengers in the buffer to protect the safety of life. Intelligent electronic technology in the bus to promote safe driving and that the other functions. The realization of automatic driving through various sensors. Except some smart cars equipped with multiple outside sensors can fully perception of information and traffic facilities
外文出处： 《Exploiting Software How to Break Code》By Greg Hoglund, Gary McGraw Publisher : Addison Wesley Pub Date : February 17, 2004 ISBN : 0-201-78695-8 译文标题： JDBC接口技术 译文： JDBC是一种可用于执行SQL语句的JavaAPI（ApplicationProgrammingInterface应用程序设计接口）。它由一些Java语言编写的类和界面组成。JDBC为数据库应用开发人员、数据库前台工具开发人员提供了一种标准的应用程序设计接口，使开发人员可以用纯Java语言编写完整的数据库应用程序。 一、ODBC到JDBC的发展历程 说到JDBC，很容易让人联想到另一个十分熟悉的字眼“ODBC”。它们之间有没有联系呢？如果有，那么它们之间又是怎样的关系呢？ ODBC是OpenDatabaseConnectivity的英文简写。它是一种用来在相关或不相关的数据库管理系统（DBMS）中存取数据的，用C语言实现的，标准应用程序数据接口。通过ODBCAPI，应用程序可以存取保存在多种不同数据库管理系统（DBMS）中的数据，而不论每个DBMS使用了何种数据存储格式和编程接口。 1．ODBC的结构模型 ODBC的结构包括四个主要部分：应用程序接口、驱动器管理器、数据库驱动器和数据源。应用程序接口：屏蔽不同的ODBC数据库驱动器之间函数调用的差别，为用户提供统一的SQL编程接口。 驱动器管理器：为应用程序装载数据库驱动器。 数据库驱动器：实现ODBC的函数调用，提供对特定数据源的SQL请求。如果需要，数据库驱动器将修改应用程序的请求，使得请求符合相关的DBMS所支持的文法。 数据源：由用户想要存取的数据以及与它相关的操作系统、DBMS和用于访问DBMS的网络平台组成。 虽然ODBC驱动器管理器的主要目的是加载数据库驱动器，以便ODBC函数调用，但是数据库驱动器本身也执行ODBC函数调用，并与数据库相互配合。因此当应用系统发出调用与数据源进行连接时，数据库驱动器能管理通信协议。当建立起与数据源的连接时，数据库驱动器便能处理应用系统向DBMS发出的请求，对分析或发自数据源的设计进行必要的翻译，并将结果返回给应用系统。 2．JDBC的诞生 自从Java语言于1995年5月正式公布以来，Java风靡全球。出现大量的用java语言编写的程序，其中也包括数据库应用程序。由于没有一个Java语言的API，编程人员不得不在Java程序中加入C语言的ODBC函数调用。这就使很多Java的优秀特性无法充分发挥，比如平台无关性、面向对象特性等。随着越来越多的编程人员对Java语言的日益喜爱，越来越多的公司在Java程序开发上投入的精力日益增加，对java语言接口的访问数据库的API 的要求越来越强烈。也由于ODBC的有其不足之处，比如它并不容易使用，没有面向对象的特性等等，SUN公司决定开发一Java语言为接口的数据库应用程序开发接口。在JDK1．x 版本中，JDBC只是一个可选部件，到了JDK1．1公布时，SQL类包（也就是JDBCAPI）
中英文资料对照外文翻译 基于网络共享的无线传感网络设计 摘要：无线传感器网络是近年来的一种新兴发展技术，它在环境监测、农业和公众健康等方面有着广泛的应用。在发展中国家，无线传感器网络技术是一种常用的技术模型。由于无线传感网络的在线监测和高效率的网络传送，使其具有很大的发展前景，然而无线传感网络的发展仍然面临着很大的挑战。其主要挑战包括传感器的可携性、快速性。我们首先讨论了传感器网络的可行性然后描述在解决各种技术性挑战时传感器应产生的便携性。我们还讨论了关于孟加拉国和加利 尼亚州基于无线传感网络的水质的开发和监测。 关键词：无线传感网络、在线监测 1.简介 无线传感器网络，是计算机设备和传感器之间的桥梁，在公共卫生、环境和农业等领域发挥着巨大的作用。一个单一的设备应该有一个处理器，一个无线电和多个传感器。当这些设备在一个领域部署时，传感装置测量这一领域的特殊环境。然后将监测到的数据通过无线电进行传输，再由计算机进行数据分析。这样，无线传感器网络可以对环境中各种变化进行详细的观察。无线传感器网络是能够测量各种现象如在水中的污染物含量，水灌溉流量。比如，最近发生的污染涌流进中国松花江，而松花江又是饮用水的主要来源。通过测定水流量和速度，通过传感器对江水进行实时监测，就能够确定污染桶的数量和流动方向。 不幸的是，人们只是在资源相对丰富这个条件下做文章，无线传感器网络的潜力在很大程度上仍未开发，费用对无线传感器网络是几个主要障碍之一，阻止了其更广阔的发展前景。许多无线传感器网络组件正在趋于便宜化（例如有关计算能力的组件），而传感器本身仍是最昂贵的。正如在在文献[5]中所指出的，成功的技术依赖于
中英文对照资料外文翻译文献 Transmission System A Basic Parts of the transmission system The transmission system applies to the components needed to transfer the drive from the engine to the road wheels. The main components and their purposes are (1) Clutch --- to disengage the drive --- to provide a smooth take-up of the drive (2) Gearbox --- to increase the torque applied to the driving road wheels --- to enable the engine to operate within a given range of speed irrespective of the vehicle speed --- to give reverse motion of the vehicle --- to provide a neutral position so that the engine can run without moving the vehicle (3) Final drive --- to turn the drive through 90° --- to reduce the speed of the drive by a set amount to match the engine to the vehicle (4) Differential --- to allow the inner driving road wheel to rotate slower than the outer wheel when the vehicle is cornering, whilst it ensures that a drive is applied equally to both wheels. B Clutch and Clutch Service In order to transmit the power of the engine to the road wheels of a car, a friction clutch and a change-speed gearbox are normally employed. The former is necessary in order to enable the drive to be taken up gradually and smoothly, while the latter provides different ratios of speed reduction from the engine to the wheels, to suit the particular conditions of running, A clutch performs two tasks: (1) it disengages the engine from the gearbox to allow for gear changing.
CLUTCH The engine produces the power to drive the vehicle. The drive line or drive train transfers the power of the engine to the wheels. The drive train consists of the parts from the back of the flywh eel to the wheels. These parts include the clutch, th e transmission, the drive shaft, and the final drive assembly (Figure 8-1). The clutch which includes the flywheel, clutch disc, pressure plate, springs, pressure plate cover and the linkage necessary to operate the clutch is a rotating mechanism between t he engine and the transmission (Figure 8-2). It operates through friction which comes from contact between the parts. That is the reason why the clutch is called a friction mechanism. After engagement, the clutch must continue to transmit all the engine torque to the transmission depending on the friction without slippage. The clutch is also used to disengage the engine from the drive train whenever the gears in the transmission are being shifted from one gear ratio to another. To start the engine or shift the gears, the driver has to depress the clutch pedal with the purpose of disengagement the transmission from the engine. At that time, the driven members connected to the transmission input shaft are either stationary or rotating at a speed that is slower or faster than the driving members connected to the engine crankshaft. There is no spring pressure on the clutch assembly parts. So there is no friction between the driving members and driven members. As the driver lets loose the clutch pedal, spring pre ssure increases on the clutch parts. Friction between the parts also increases. The pressure exerted by the springs on the driven members is controlled by the driver through the clutch pedal and linkage. The positive engagement of the driving and driven members is made possible by the friction between the surfaces of the members. When full spring pressure is applied, the speed of the driving and driven members should be the same. At the
外文翻译 专业机械设计制造及其自动化学生姓名刘链柱 班级机制111 学号1110101102 指导教师葛友华
外文资料名称： Design and performance evaluation of vacuum cleaners using cyclone technology 外文资料出处：Korean J. Chem. Eng., 23(6), (用外文写) 925-930 (2006) 附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文 2.外文原文
应用旋风技术真空吸尘器的设计和性能介绍 吉尔泰金，洪城铱昌，宰瑾李， 刘链柱译 摘要：旋风型分离器技术用于真空吸尘器 - 轴向进流旋风和切向进气道流旋风有效地收集粉尘和降低压力降已被实验研究。优化设计等因素作为集尘效率，压降，并切成尺寸被粒度对应于分级收集的50％的效率进行了研究。颗粒切成大小降低入口面积，体直径，减小涡取景器直径的旋风。切向入口的双流量气旋具有良好的性能考虑的350毫米汞柱的低压降和为1.5μm的质量中位直径在1米3的流量的截止尺寸。一使用切向入口的双流量旋风吸尘器示出了势是一种有效的方法，用于收集在家庭中产生的粉尘。 摘要及关键词：吸尘器; 粉尘; 旋风分离器 引言 我们这个时代的很大一部分都花在了房子，工作场所，或其他建筑，因此，室内空间应该是既舒适情绪和卫生。但室内空气中含有超过室外空气因气密性的二次污染物，毒物，食品气味。这是通过使用产生在建筑中的新材料和设备。真空吸尘器为代表的家电去除有害物质从地板到地毯所用的商用真空吸尘器房子由纸过滤，预过滤器和排气过滤器通过洁净的空气排放到大气中。虽然真空吸尘器是方便在使用中，吸入压力下降说唱空转成比例地清洗的时间，以及纸过滤器也应定期更换，由于压力下降，气味和细菌通过纸过滤器内的残留粉尘。 图1示出了大气气溶胶的粒度分布通常是双峰形，在粗颗粒（>2.0微米）模式为主要的外部来源，如风吹尘，海盐喷雾，火山，从工厂直接排放和车辆废气排放，以及那些在细颗粒模式包括燃烧或光化学反应。表1显示模式，典型的大气航空的直径和质量浓度溶胶被许多研究者测量。精细模式在0.18?0.36 在5.7到25微米尺寸范围微米尺寸范围。质量浓度为2?205微克，可直接在大气气溶胶和 3.85至36.3μg/m3柴油气溶胶。
压力传感器 合理进行压力传感器的误差补偿是其应用的关键。压力传感器主要有偏移量误差、灵敏度误差、线性误差和滞后误差，本文将介绍这四种误差产生的机理和对测试结果的影响，同时将介绍为提高测量精度的压力标定方法以及应用实例。 目前市场上传感器种类丰富多样，这使得设计工程师可以选择系统所需的压力传感器。这些传感器既包括最基本的变换器，也包括更为复杂的带有片上电路的高集成度传感器。由于存在这些差异，设计工程师必须尽可能够补偿压力传感器的测量误差，这是保证传感器满足设计和应用要求的重要步骤。在某些情况下，补偿还能提高传感器在应用中的整体性能。 本文以摩托罗拉公司的压力传感器为例，所涉及的概念适用于各种压力传感器的设计应用。 摩托罗拉公司生产的主流压力传感器是一种单片压阻器件，该器件具有 3 类： 1.基本的或未加补偿标定； 2.有标定并进行温度补偿； 3.有标定、补偿和放大。 偏移量、范围标定以及温度补偿均可以通过薄膜电阻网络实现，这种薄膜电阻网络在封装过程中采用激光修正。 该传感器通常与微控制器结合使用，而微控制器的嵌入软件本身建立了传感器数学模型。微控制器读取了输出电压后，通过模数转换器的变换，该模型可以将电压量转换为压力测量值。传感器最简单的数学模型即为传递函数。该模型可在整个标定过程中进行优化，并且模型的成熟度将随标定点的增加而增加。 从计量学的角度看，测量误差具有相当严格的定义：它表征了测量压力与实际压力之间的差异。而通常无法直接得到实际压力，但可以通过采用适当的压力标准加以估计，计量人员通常采用那些精度比被测设备高出至少 10 倍的仪器作为测量标准。 由于未经标定的系统只能使用典型的灵敏度和偏移值将输出电压转换为压 力，测得的压力将产生如图 1 所示的误差。 这种未经标定的初始误差由以下几个部分组成： a.偏移量误差。由于在整个压力范围内垂直偏移保持恒定，因此变换器扩散和激光调节修正的变化将产生偏移量误差。 b.灵敏度误差，产生误差大小与压力成正比。如果设备的灵敏度高于典型值，灵敏度误差将是压力的递增函数（见图 1）。如果灵敏度低于典型值，那么灵敏度误差将是压力的递减函数。该误差的产生原因在于扩散过程的变化。
科学技术学院毕业设计开题报告 题目：桑塔纳2000MT轿车膜片弹簧离合器设计 学科部：理工 专业：车辆工程 班级： 081 学号： 7012908022 学生姓名：徐子芬 起讫日期： 2012.2.13—2012.5.4 指导教师：高伟职称：讲师 学科部主任： 审核日期：
一、课题的依据及意义 中国汽车产业经历了57年，特别是改革开放30年的发展，从1999年汽车市场进入以大众消费为基础的成长发展期。由1999年的183.2万辆的市场规模成长为2009年的1364.5万辆，10年来汽车的平均增长率超过20%。在全球金融危机和经济衰退冲击下，全球汽车市场严重萎缩，在此背景下，中国汽车市场2008年仍保持6.8%的增长率，2009年更保持了46.15%的高增长率。与此同时，中国汽车在全球地位已跃入产量和销量均为第一位。中国汽车市场地位已由1999年世界产量排名第9位跃升为2006、2007、2008年连续三年的第3位，市场销量连续三年连续第2位，2009年成为全球汽车产量和销量的都是第一的局面[1]。2010年中国汽车产量和销量分别为1826.47万辆和1806.19万辆，同比分别增长32.44%和32.37%，连续第二年全球第一。我国汽车产量基数已经达到千万辆规模，由于汽车离合器的需求规模和整车产量关系密切，因此我国汽车离合器产品市场增长迅速，2010年我国离合器总销量额将达84亿元，是2005年的2.4倍；其中，盖总成2800万件，从动盘总成5700万件，液力变矩器100万套以上[2]。。 目前全国有汽车离合器生产企业约100多家，其中具有一定生产能力和规模的汽车离合器生产企业只有30多家，主要有：长春一东、湖北三环、杭州西湖、杭州奇碟、桂林福达、东传苏汽配、上海萨克斯、南京法雷奥、重庆爱思帝、珠海华奥、宁波宏协等。近几年，受国内汽车市场的迅猛发展的影响，汽车离合器产量获得快速增长，12家企业离合器总成年产量突破862万套，这些企业基本上都是以配套市场为主[3]。分析原因，主要在于汽车离合器仍是目前国内汽车最为经济、实用的选择，选购经济性车辆的消费者仍占主流。而如今追求享受生活的时代，消费者对车的操控性要求不断提高。自动挡车操作简单，开上它的朋友，刚开始感觉很好，但时间一长，就感觉驾驶自动挡车没什么意思，没有驾驶的乐趣。油价上涨后，用车成本再一次增加。于是人们不得不把目光投向耗油量较小的手动挡车，手动挡车作为市场上的主要车型在爆发力、经济性、驾驶乐趣方面都占有较强的优势。因此离合器在相当长的时期内还是拥有广阔的市场前景。
As the world energy crisis, and the war and the energy consumption of oil -- and are full of energy, in one day, someday it will disappear without a trace. Oil is not in resources. So in oil consumption must be clean before finding a replacement. With the development of science and technology the progress of the society, people invented the electric car. Electric cars will become the most ideal of transportation. In the development of world each aspect is fruitful, especially with the automobile electronic technology and computer and rapid development of the information age. The electronic control technology in the car on a wide range of applications, the application of the electronic device, cars, and electronic technology not only to improve and enhance the quality and the traditional automobile electrical performance, but also improve the automobile fuel economy, performance, reliability and emissions purification. Widely used in automobile electronic products not only reduces the cost and reduce the complexity of the maintenance. From the fuel injection engine ignition devices, air control and emission control and fault diagnosis to the body auxiliary devices are generally used in electronic control technology, auto development mainly electromechanical integration. Widely used in automotive electronic control ignition system mainly electronic control fuel injection system, electronic control ignition system, electronic control automatic transmission, electronic control (ABS/ASR) control system, electronic control suspension system, electronic control power steering system, vehicle dynamic control system, the airbag systems, active belt system, electronic control system and the automatic air-conditioning and GPS navigation system etc. With the system response, the use function of quick car, high reliability, guarantees of engine power and reduce fuel consumption and emission regulations meet standards. The car is essential to modern traffic tools. And electric cars bring us infinite joy will give us the physical and mental relaxation. Take for example, automatic transmission in road, can not on the clutch, can achieve automatic shift and engine flameout, not so effective improve the driving convenience lighten the fatigue strength. Automatic transmission consists mainly of hydraulic torque converter, gear transmission, pump, hydraulic control system, electronic control system and oil cooling system, etc. The electronic control of suspension is mainly used to cushion the impact of the body and the road to reduce vibration that car getting smooth-going and
毕业设计（论文） 外文翻译 题目西安市水源工程中的 水电站设计 专业水利水电工程 班级 学生 指导教师 2016年
研究钢弧形闸门的动态稳定性 牛志国 河海大学水利水电工程学院，中国南京，邮编210098 nzg_197901@https://www.doczj.com/doc/0514062454.html,，niuzhiguo@https://www.doczj.com/doc/0514062454.html, 李同春 河海大学水利水电工程学院，中国南京，邮编210098 ltchhu@https://www.doczj.com/doc/0514062454.html, 摘要 由于钢弧形闸门的结构特征和弹力，调查对参数共振的弧形闸门的臂一直是研究领域的热点话题弧形弧形闸门的动力稳定性。在这个论文中，简化空间框架作为分析模型，根据弹性体薄壁结构的扰动方程和梁单元模型和薄壁结构的梁单元模型，动态不稳定区域的弧形闸门可以通过有限元的方法，应用有限元的方法计算动态不稳定性的主要区域的弧形弧形闸门工作。此外，结合物理和数值模型，对识别新方法的参数共振钢弧形闸门提出了调查，本文不仅是重要的改进弧形闸门的参数振动的计算方法，但也为进一步研究弧形弧形闸门结构的动态稳定性打下了坚实的基础。 简介 低举升力，没有门槽，好流型，和操作方便等优点，使钢弧形闸门已经广泛应用于水工建筑物。弧形闸门的结构特点是液压完全作用于弧形闸门，通过门叶和主大梁，所以弧形闸门臂是主要的组件确保弧形闸门安全操作。如果周期性轴向载荷作用于手臂，手臂的不稳定是在一定条件下可能发生。调查指出:在弧形闸门的20次事故中，除了极特殊的破坏情况下，弧形闸门的破坏的原因是弧形闸门臂的不稳定;此外，明显的动态作用下发生破坏。例如:张山闸，位于中国的江苏省，包括36个弧形闸门。当一个弧形闸门打开放水时，门被破坏了，而其他弧形闸门则关闭，受到静态静水压力仍然是一样的，很明显，一个动态的加载是造成的弧形闸门破坏一个主要因素。因此弧形闸门臂的动态不稳定是造成弧形闸门(特别是低水头的弧形闸门)破坏的主要原是毫无疑问。
Basic knowledge of transducers A transducer is a device which converts the quantity being measured into an optical, mechanical, or-more commonly-electrical signal. The energy-conversion process that takes place is referred to as transduction. Transducers are classified according to the transduction principle involved and the form of the measured. Thus a resistance transducer for measuring displacement is classified as a resistance displacement transducer. Other classification examples are pressure bellows, force diaphragm, pressure flapper-nozzle, and so on. 1、Transducer Elements Although there are exception ,most transducers consist of a sensing element and a conversion or control element. For example, diaphragms,bellows,strain tubes and rings, bourdon tubes, and cantilevers are sensing elements which respond to changes in pressure or force and convert these physical quantities into a displacement. This displacement may then be used to change an electrical parameter such as voltage, resistance, capacitance, or inductance. Such combination of mechanical and electrical elements form electromechanical transducing devices or transducers. Similar combination can be made for other energy input such as thermal. Photo, magnetic and chemical,giving thermoelectric, photoelectric,electromaanetic, and electrochemical transducers respectively. 2、Transducer Sensitivity The relationship between the measured and the transducer output signal is usually obtained by calibration tests and is referred to as the transducer sensitivity K1= output-signal increment / measured increment . In practice, the transducer sensitivity is usually known, and, by measuring the output signal, the input quantity is determined from input= output-signal increment / K1. 3、Characteristics of an Ideal Transducer The high transducer should exhibit the following characteristics a) high fidelity-the transducer output waveform shape be a faithful reproduction of the measured; there should be minimum distortion. b) There should be minimum interference with the quantity being measured; the presence of the transducer should not alter the measured in any way. c) Size. The transducer must be capable of being placed exactly where it is needed.