句子的种类与类型
句子是具有一定的语法结构，表达一个独立完整意义的语言单位。
高考重点要求：
1.掌握感叹句的用法和构成
2.掌握祈使句的构成及作用
3.掌握一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句的应答
4.分清简单句和复合句的类型
第一节知识点扫描
一、句子的类型
1．句子按结构分可分为简单句、并列句和复合句P149简单句类型讲解; P150.7练习1）&2）简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。例如：
He likes swimming and often swims in the river.
并列句由并列连词把两个或两个以上简单句连在一起构成。例如：
I learn English and he learns French.
复合句中含有一个或一个以上的从句。例如：
It was raining hard when I got home yesterday.
2．句子按功能分可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句
陈述句用来说明一件事实或表达一种看法；疑问句用来提出问题；祈使句用来发出请求或命令；感叹句用来表达强烈的感情。
二、句子的成分
句子一般可以分为几个部分，每一个部分在句子中具有一定的功能，称为句子的成分。句子的成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和状语。
1．主语是一个句子的中心，主语的位置一般在句首。
2．谓语动词说明主语的动作与状态，一般在主语之后。
3．表语位置在连系动词之后，说明主语的身份、特征和状态。
4．宾语表示动作的对象，即动作的承受者，一般放在及物动词后。
5．补语补充说明宾语或主语的特征或状态.
6．定语修饰名词、代词
7．状语修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句。
三、祈使句
表示请求、命令、禁止、劝告或建议的句子叫祈使句。祈使句的主语往往省略。其常见的句式结构可归纳为四种基本形式：（1）肯定祈使句；（2）否定祈使句；（3）以Let’s 开头的祈使句；（4）以助动词do开头的祈使句。
1．肯定祈使句。如：
Stop talking! Come here in time!
2．否定祈使句，即以Don’t或Never开头的句子。如：
Don’t talk in class. Never leave today’s work for tomorrow.
3．以Let’s 或let开头的句子。如：
Let’s go together. Let him go first.
4．以助动词do开头的祈使句，在句中起加强语气的作用，译成“一定，务必”。如：Do come to see me if you have time.
四、感叹句P150
含有表示情绪色彩的句子叫感叹句。感叹句的结构通常有三种形式：（1）what引导的感叹句，强调句中的名词；（2）how引导的感叹句，强调句中的形容词或副词；（3）由感情色彩的单词或词组构成的感叹句。
1．What引导的感叹句。What+a/an+adj.+n.+主谓结构！（有时主谓结构可省略）。如：What a hot day （it is）!
What good advice the teacher gave us!
What high buildings （they are）!
2．How引导的感叹句。How+adj./adv.+主谓结构！如：
How interesting the book is!
How hard they are working!
五、疑问句
用来提出问题，表示疑问的句子就叫疑问句。这类句子的形式比较多，中学阶段常见的有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
（一）一般疑问句
一般疑问句是用来询问某人或某物是否属实，并且要用yes或no来回答的疑问句。
这种疑问句朗读时要用声调。其语序一般要用倒装结构。如：
-Are you an engineer?
-Yes, I am或No, I am not.
（二）特殊疑问句
以疑问代词（who, whom, whose, what, which等）或疑问副词（when, where, why, how 等）开头的疑问句就叫特殊疑问句。这种疑问句朗读时用降调。其句式结构分正常语序和倒装语序两种形式。如：
What has happened to her?
When did he fly to America?
（三）选择疑问句
在句中提供的两个或多个答案中选择一个作回答的疑问句，就叫做选择疑问句。朗读时前面的一个或多个选择用升调，最后一个选择用降调。这种疑问句的句式结构有两种情况：即一般疑问句和特殊疑问句再加上供选择的两个或多个部分。但不管用哪种形式，都要按实际情况来回答。如：
——Do you enjoy playing football or volleyball? –I enjoy playing volleyball.
——Which floor do you live , on the 15th floor or on the 21st floor? –On the 21st floor. （四）反意疑问句
表示提问者对自己所陈述的事情有怀疑或是没有把握，需要别人加以证实的疑问句，就叫做反意疑问句。其句式结构由两部分组成，即陈述部分再加一个简略问句。如果陈述部分是肯定句，简略问句就用否定形式；反之，简略问句用肯定形式
。但不管用哪种形式，前后两部分中的人称、数、时态等都要保持一致，并且陈述部分中的主语不论是用什么词充当，简略问句中的主语一定是一个人称代词。对反意疑问句的回答，其肯定形式都用yes，否定回答用no。朗读时，陈述部分通常用降调，简略问句部分用升、降调随情况而定。如：
——You spoke at the meeting yesterday, did n’t you?
——Yes, I did. 或No, I didn’t .
第二节实战演练
一、复习时需注意的要点
1.在否定句中注意no 与not 的用法
no+名词相当于not a (any) + 名词
例如:
1.He made no mistakes in the maths test.
2.He did not make mistakes in the maths test.
2.在表示推测的反意疑问句中,注意三种可能
(1)对现在状况推测, 附加问句用be的相应形式
例如:He must be in the library , isn’t he ?
(2)对过去发生的状况进行推测, 有表示过去的时间状语,附加问句用did n’t
例如:You must have seen the film yesterday , didn’t you ?
(3)对过去发生的状况进行推测, 句子没有表示过去的时间状语, 附加问句用haven’t
(hasn’t)或didn’t 均可
例如:He must have read the book , hasn’t he ?
3. 陈述句为I think (suppose , expect , believe , guess) 后接的宾语从句结构中,附加成分要用肯定式.
例如:I don’t think he will come tomorrow , will he ?
4.带有否定前缀的词,虽然意义上是否定,但还是肯定句,反意疑问句的附加部分用否定句.
例如:These visitors are unwelcome here, aren’t they ?
5. 祈使句的反意疑问句,以表示客气,陈述部分用肯定,反意部分也用肯定.
例如: Let’s go there , shall we ?
Have a cup of coffee , will you ?
6. 感叹句中除了用what …… !与how……!两个常见句型外,陈述句结构,一个词组,甚至一个词表达惊异,喜悦,赞赏的感情时, 加上感叹号, 也可视为感叹句.
例如:The grass and the rising sun ! 多么青葱的草地,多么明媚的晨光!
7. 在并列句和复合句中,注意连词的用法。当连词连接两个句子时, 一定要注意句子结构的完整,汉语有“因为…所以…”, “虽然…但是…”结构, 但英语中because 不与so 连用, though 不与but 连用。
例如:When it rains , I usually go to the office by bus .
Though it was late , we went on working .
二、历届高考试题分析
例1、There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, ____? A. wasn’t there B. was there C. didn’t it D. did it
答案为A
【解析】反意疑问句前面肯定，后面否定。there be句型的反意部分不作特殊变化。
例2、Don't be discouraged._________things as they are and you will enjoy the days of your life.
A. Taking
B. To take
C. Take
D. Take
答案选C。
【解析】查“祈使句+and+简单句”句型。表示如果……就……。
例3、Mrs Black doesn't believe her son is able to design a digital camera, _______?
A. is he
B. isn't he
C. doesn't she
D. does she
答案为D。
【解析】因为主句是否定句，其主语是Mrs Black，所以它的反意疑问句是does she。
在含有宾语从句的句子中，除第一人称外，要根据其主句的主语确定反意疑问句。
例4、_______role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.
A. How interesting
B. How an interesting
C. What interesting
D. What an interesting
答案选D。
【解析】将感叹句转换为陈述句：She played an interesting role in the film.根据感叹句的构成规则，不难看出正确选项。
例5、Brian told you that there wasn't anyone in the room at that time, _______?
A. was there
B. wasn't there
C. didn't he
D. did he
答案为C。
【解析】这是一个反意疑问句。主语是Brian，所以要填didn't he。由于受“当主语是
第一人称，谓语动词是think, suppose等动词时，反意疑问句要根据从句的谓语动词来确定”规则的影响，误填了was there。
例6、—English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?
—Yes. _____ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
A. Know
B. Knowing
C. To know
D. Known
答案为A。
【解析】本句用“祈使句+and+句子”的并列句型，表示含有条件状语从句的复合句的意思，所以祈使句应以不带to的不定式开始。
例7、I thought Jim would say some thing about his school report, but he _____ it.
A. doesn’t mention
B. hadn’t mentioned
C. didn’t mention
D. hasn’t mentioned
答案为C。
【解析】宾语从句中的动作和but引导的分句中的动作发生在同一时间，所以两个并列成分的时态保持一致，都是过去时。
例8、—Thanks for the lovely party and the delicious food.
—_______.
A. No thanks
B. Never mind
C. All right
D. My pleasure
答案为D。
【解析】本题考查回答感谢的交际用语。“No thanks”不符合英语表达法。“Never mind”是没关系，“All right”是“好吧”的意思，可以排除A、B、C。
例9、—Let's go swimming, shall we?
—________.
A. It's my pleasure
B. It doesn't matter
C. Yes, let's go
D.I agree with you
答案为C。
【解析】这是一个反意疑问句，反意疑问句与一般疑问句的答语相似之处就是要用Yes
或No作明确回答。当对方用Let's…征求意见时，可以回答Yes, let's…译文：“我们去游泳，好吗?”“好的，走吧。”It's one's/a pleasure是对“Thank you”的回答；It doesn't matter
是对“Sorry”的回答。I agree with you是同意别人的观点、看法。
例10、—I enjoyed the food very much.
—I'm glad you like it. Please drop in any time you like.
—________
A. Is it all right?
B. I'm afraid I won't be free.
C. Yes, I will.
D. That's great.
答案为C。
【解析】当对方邀请做某事时，可以回答Yes, I will.或Certainly, I will.译文：“我非常
喜欢这种食物。”“我很高兴你喜欢它。请什么时候顺便到家来。”“好的，我会来的。”用Is it all right?和I’ m afraid I won't be free.回答很不客气。That's great.的意思是“那太好了。”不符合日常说话的习惯。
第三节巩固练习
Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.
1.We must get up early tomorrow, ______ we’ll miss the first bus to the Great Wall.
A. so
B. or
C. but
D. however
2.I hurried ______ I wouldn’t be late for class.
A. since
B. so that
C. as if
D. unless
3.______ the day went on, the weather got worse.
A. With
B. Since
C. While
D. As
4._______ she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. When
B. However
C. Although
D. Unless
5.Although he is considered a great writer, ______.
A.his works are not widely read
B.but his works are not widely read
C.however his works are not widely read
D.still his works are not widely read
6.It was not ______ she took off her glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when…that
B. until…that
C. until…when
D. when…then
7._____ the 2016 Olympic Games will be held in Paris is not known yet.
A. Whenever
B. If
C. Whether
D. That
8.You will be late ______ you leave immediately.
A. unless
B. until
C. if
D. or
9.—I don’t like chicken ______fish.
—I don’t like chicken, _______I like fish very much.
A. and…and
B. and…but
C. or…and
D. or…but
10.—What was the party like?
—Wonderful. It’s years ______I enjoyed myself so much.
A. after
B. before
C. when
D. since
11. —Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
—I’d like to. ______ I’m too busy.
A. And
B. So
C. As
D. But
12. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially ______ Father was away in France.
A. as
B. that
C. during
D. if
13. Although brought up in China, ______ he is well known for his novel about Russia.
A. however
B. and
C. but
D. yet
14. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ______, in fact, I was talking about my
daughter.
A. whom
B. where
C. which
D. while
15. Would you like a cup of coffee ______ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and
B. then
C. or
D. otherwise
16. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, ______ great it is.
A. what
B. how
C. however
D. whatever
17. ______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If
B. Whether
C. That
D. Where
18. After the war, a new school building was put up ______ there had once been a theatre.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. when
19. Why do you want a new job______ you’ve got such a good one already?
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. when
20. —I’m going to the post office.
—_____you’re there, can you get me some stamps?
A. As
B. While
C. Because
D. If
21. ______ on, and you will succeed in solving the problems.
A. To keep
B. Keeping
C. Keep
D. Having kept
22. They wanted to change ＄5,000 for the car, ______ we managed to bring the price down.
A. but
B. so
C. when
D. since
23. Seize the chance, ______you will regret it.
A. so
B. otherwise
C. but
D. however
24. They had no sooner arrived at the airport ______it was time to check in.
A. when
B. before
C. then
D. than
25. Let’s go through the question ______we can take these measure at present.
A. as
B. that
C. which
D. whether
26.Excuse me for breaking in, ______ I have some news for you.
A. so
B. and
C. but
D. yet
27. The new English course has been well received by beginners, ______ it helps them to develop
their basic skill.
A. now that
B. so that
C. for that
D. in that
28.The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, _______?
A. did they
B. didn’t they
C. did it
D. didn’t it
29.Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ______.
A. who is he
B. who he is
C. who is it
D. who it is
30.She found her calculator ______ she lost it.
A. where
B. when
C. in which
D. that
31.It was nearly class time ______ I remembered that I had left my textbooks at home.
A. that
B. when
C. at which
D. during which
32.______ to see so many flowers in full bloom!
A. How nice it is
B. How nice is it
C. What nice it is
D. What nice is it
33.The information will be helpful to ______ will take over the job.
A. those
B. who
C. whoever
D. anyone
34.______ girl Mary is !
A. How clever a
B. What clever a
C. How a clever
D. What clever
35.He’d learned how to operate the computer before he came to work here, _____?
A. didn’t he
B. wouldn’t he
C. shouldn’t he
D. hadn’t he
36.Joan never drinks tea in the evening ____ ?
A. doesn’t she
B. does he
C. doesn’t he
D. does she
37.If I knew the answer , I wouldn’t be asking, _____ ?
A. didn’t I
B. did I
C. would I
D. wouldn’t I
38.I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer , ______?
A. do I
B. don’t I
C. will they
D. won’t they
39.Americans get uncomfortable ______ a person stands too close .
A. unless
B. when
C. as
D. till
40.From the way ______ one spends money , we can see ______he really values in life.
A. /…what
B. which…how
C. that…which
D. /…whatever
41.He refused to listen to the suggestions ______ he give up and said he would try.
A. that
B. if
C. which
D. before
42.Rose wrote an essay longer than required , ______ her teacher had not expected.
A. what
B. as
C. when
D. which
43.It was a most relaxing day for those students , ______ for the first time in months they didn’t
have to do extra assignments.
A. that
B. while
C. which
D. when
44.The couple dare not have a party in their flat in case the neighbours complain, ______.
A. dare they
B. do they
C. don’t they
D. daren’t they
45.He will come to see you the moment he _____ his work .
A. will finish
B. had finished
C. would finish
D. finishes
46.He had a wonderful time last night , ______?
A. did he
B. had he
C. hadn’t he
D. didn’t he
47._____ food you’ve cooked!
A. how a nice
B. What a nice
C. How nice
D. What nice
48.______ again!
A. Coming
B. Do come
C. To come C. Do coming
49.Let’s ______ time .
A. not to waste
B. not waste
C. waste no
D. waste not
50.______ I wish to see you!
A. What
B. What do
C. How
D. How do
句子的种类与类型答案
1. B
2. B
3. D
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. C
8. A
9. D 10. D 11. D 12. A 13. D 14. D 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. B 19. D 20. B 21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. D 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. D 36. D 37. C 38. C 39. B 40. A 41. A 42. D 43. D 44. A 45. D 46. D 47. D 48. B 49. B 50. D
句子的种类与类型 句子是具有一定的语法结构，表达一个独立完整意义的语言单位。 高考重点要求： 1.掌握感叹句的用法和构成 2.掌握祈使句的构成及作用 3.掌握一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句的应答 4.分清简单句和复合句的类型 第一节知识点扫描 一、句子的类型 1．句子按结构分可分为简单句、并列句和复合句P149简单句类型讲解; P150.7练习1）&2）简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。例如： He likes swimming and often swims in the river. 并列句由并列连词把两个或两个以上简单句连在一起构成。例如： I learn English and he learns French. 复合句中含有一个或一个以上的从句。例如： It was raining hard when I got home yesterday. 2．句子按功能分可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句 陈述句用来说明一件事实或表达一种看法；疑问句用来提出问题；祈使句用来发出请求或命令；感叹句用来表达强烈的感情。 二、句子的成分 句子一般可以分为几个部分，每一个部分在句子中具有一定的功能，称为句子的成分。句子的成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和状语。 1．主语是一个句子的中心，主语的位置一般在句首。 2．谓语动词说明主语的动作与状态，一般在主语之后。 3．表语位置在连系动词之后，说明主语的身份、特征和状态。 4．宾语表示动作的对象，即动作的承受者，一般放在及物动词后。 5．补语补充说明宾语或主语的特征或状态. 6．定语修饰名词、代词 7．状语修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句。 三、祈使句 表示请求、命令、禁止、劝告或建议的句子叫祈使句。祈使句的主语往往省略。其常见的句式结构可归纳为四种基本形式：（1）肯定祈使句；（2）否定祈使句；（3）以Let’s 开头的祈使句；（4）以助动词do开头的祈使句。 1．肯定祈使句。如： Stop talking! Come here in time! 2．否定祈使句，即以Don’t或Never开头的句子。如： Don’t talk in class. Never leave today’s work for tomorrow. 3．以Let’s 或let开头的句子。如： Let’s go together. Let him go first.
英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下： S十V主谓结构 S十V十P主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语 基本句型一： S十V主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, stop,arrive, come, die, happen,leave,laugh ,sing ,sing等等。如：1). 学生们学习很努力。_____________________________________ 2). 她什么也没说就离开了。_______________________________________ 3). 事故accident是昨天晚上发生的。 _____________________________________ 基本句型二: S十V十P主系表结构 这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类： A. 表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如： 8) We should __________ __________ any time. 我们在任何时候都应该保持 谦虚。 9) 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。 _________________________________________________. B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如： 10) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。 11) Don't have the food. _______________________________. 不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。 12) The fact __________ ___________. 这个事实证明是正确的。 基本句型三: S十V十O主谓宾结构 这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。文综之家https://www.doczj.com/doc/085674332.html,作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如： 13) 我昨天看了一部电影。 ________________________________________________. 16）They have ________ ________ _________ of the children．这些孩子他们照看得很好。 17）I don’t like being treated like this.________________________________。 基本句型四: S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构，O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语
句子结构及句子种类 Teaching aims:1.初步了解句子成分和句子种类，为正确使用句子打好基础； 2.学会划分句子成分，为学习各种从句打好基础； 3. 激发学生的兴趣与潜能。 Important points：简单句的五种基本类型 Teaching method：以旧带新；英汉对照；由浅入深 Teaching aids : A learning guide Teaching procedures: Step One : Revision : Revise some words and phrases. Step Two：Revision：revise different parts of speech in English sentences. Step Three: Presentation: 汉语的句子成分有：____________ _______ _____________ _________ 英语的句子成分有：_______ _______ ________ _______ _______ _______ _____ 主语subjective ( s) 是指“什么人或什么事”由名词、代词、动名词、不定式、句子来充当。 谓语verb (v) 是指主语发出的动作，即“做……”“干……”,由动词来充当； 宾语objective (O)：指主语发出的动作涉及到的对象，即干了“什么”，可以担当宾语的成分同主语 定语attributive (a) 用来修饰名词或代词，说明名词或代词的特点。能作定语的主要有形容词、分词、不定式和从句。 状语adverbial (ad) 用来限制谓语动词或整个句子，说名动作发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、条件、程度等等，常用副词或从句来完成。 补语compliments(c): 与主语、宾语、表语是指同一个人或同一件事，由名词充当， 主要有主语补足语、宾语补足语、标语补足语。
英语中句子的种类 Prepared on 22 November 2020
（三）句子的种类 句子是一个独立的语言单位，表示一个完整的思想。 按使用目的可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句； 从结构上又可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 按使用目的分： 一、陈述句 That boy always helps others. Tom was not at home yesterday. He is too late to catch the bus. 二、疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句） Are you a doctor How often do you have an English party Which would you like better, tea or coffee She is too young to go to school, is she 三、感叹句 （一）What +a /an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！==（二）How+形容词+a/an +可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！ What a beautiful girl she is! == How beautiful a girl she is! (三) What+形容词+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语！ What beautiful girls they are! (四)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！ What fine weather it is! (五)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！ How interesting the dog is! (六)How+主语+谓语！ How time flies! 四、祈使句（祈使句主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原型。） Be quiet! Don’t be late!
（三）句子的种类 句子是一个独立的语言单位，表示一个完整的思想。按使用目的可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句；从结构上又可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 按使用目的分： 一、陈述句 That boy always helps others. Tom was not at home yesterday. He is too late to catch the bus. 二、疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句） Are you a doctor? How often do you have an English party? Which would you like better, tea or coffee? She is too young to go to school, is she? 三、感叹句 （一）What +a /an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！==（二）How+形容词+a/an +可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！ What a beautiful girl she is! == How beautiful a girl she is! (三) What+形容词+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语！ What beautiful girls they are! (四)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！ What fine weather it is! (五)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！ How interesting the dog is! (六)How+主语+谓语！ How time flies! 四、祈使句（祈使句主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原型。） Be quiet! Don’t be late! 从结构上分： 一、简单句（句子只包含一个主谓结构。） He is never late for school. 二、并列句（句子包含两个或多个主谓结构，通常有并列连词连结。） She made a promise, but she didn’t keep it. Tom is tall and he is from America. He is later for school because his bike is broken. He not only works hard but also is always ready to help others. 三、复合句（句子包含有两个或更多的主谓结构，但是其中一个或多个主谓结构充当句子的 成分，就是复合句。所有从句都是复合句。） This is the book that I borrowed yesterday. He told us that light travels faster than sound.
英语句子种类与类型 I、句子种类（按交际用途分） 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、THERE-BE存在句 II、句子类型（按句子结构分） 简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句 I、句子种类（按交际用途分） 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、THERE-BE存在句 1、陈述句说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，位于在后。 She arrived early. She cannot have arrived now. 注：1）半否定句 I hardly know anything about it. 2）部分否定句与全否定句I don’t like both the films. I like neither Cathy nor Mary. 3)否定转移I don’t think it will be very cold today. (believe, expect, suppose,imagine) 2、疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句。 1）一般疑问句用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或no，注意语序。 Have you anything to say? Did someone phone me last night? Can’t you understand it? Isn’t it a beautiful lake? ---Haven’t you been to the UK? ---No, I haven’t. 2）特殊疑问句疑问词有who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how等。 （1）陈述语序Who was the first man in space? （2）倒装语序Who are you talking about? 注：A、简略式Why not go alone? Why get so angry? How/What about taking a rest? B、复杂特殊疑问句What do you think he has done?3）选择疑问句 (1)以一般疑问句为基础 Is he a teacher or a doctor or a policeman? Shall I help you or can you manage? (2)以特殊疑问句为基础 Which do you prefer, red wine or white? How shall we go there? By bus or by train? 4）反义疑问句问：+，-？或-，+？ 答：+，+. 或-，-. 1.Tom hardly knows French, ______ ______? 2.—Mary didn't fail her exam, did she? ---______, she didn‘t. 3.You needn’t come, ______ you?You need to come, ______ you? 4.He had a big time there, ______ he? He had a car, ______ he? We hardly have to get up early, ______ we? 5.He used to live in Leeds, ______ he? 3、祈使句表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形。 1）带第二人称的祈使句 Be quiet, please. Don’t make any noise! You call a taxi. Don’t you forget it.(强调) Give me a hand, will/won’t/would/wouldn’ you? 2）带第一、三人称的祈使句 Let me try again. Let’s go. Let us go. Let’s not say anything about it./Don’t let’s say… Let him be here by 10 o’clock. 注意： 1、加强语气Do be careful of my broken leg. Do let me have another try. 2 、祈使句的省略式 A:Shall I open the window? B:Yes, please do./ No, please don’t. A:Shall we watch the game? B:Yes, let’s. 4、感叹句 由what 或how引导的，表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等。
英语句子的基本句型及种类 一、英语句子的基本句型 1）Time flies. 2) The sun was shining. 3) Everybody laughed. 基本句型1：以上句子中包含___________和____________两部分,即:_______ +_______. 4) They talked for half an hour. 5) The pen writes smoothly 基本句型1(_______ + ________)的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做_____________动词，后面可以跟___________、___________等。 6) This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 7) The dinner smells good. 8) His face turned red. 9) He seems a little disappointed. 10) The plan proved practical. 11) Our city is at the crossing of some important railways. 基本句型2：以上句子中包含_________________, ________________和____________三部分,即:___________ +____________+____________. 此句型中的动词叫做____________动词, 其后常跟________________, ________________, _______________ 充当__________. 此句型中常见的动词有: “变化”类：___________________________________________________________________ “感官”类: ____________________________________________________________________ “持续”类：___________________________________________________________________ 其他: “似乎”__________________ ____________________ “被证明是, 结果是” ____________________ ____________________ 13) The boss employed five more workers. 14) Who knows the answer? 15) My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. 16) He forgot to close the door. 17) I enjoy living here. 18) I hope I can speak English fluently. 基本句型3：以上句子中包含_________________, ________________和____________三部分,即:___________ +____________+____________.此句型中的动词叫做____________动词, 其后常跟________________, ________________, _______________,_______________等充当__________. 19）He bought me a beautiful skirt. 20）Grandma cooked us a nice meal. 21）The man told the girl that he wants to test her the subject. 22）The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese. 基本句型4：以上句子中包含_________________, ________________，________________和____________四部分,即:___________ +____________+____________+____________. 此句型中的动词叫做____________动词, 其后接__________________;一个是动作的直接承受者, 多指___________，另一个是动作的间接承受者，多指___________。 常见的动词有: ①_____________________________________________________________________________ 常可借助介词to来将____________后置. ②_____________________________________________________________________________ 常可借助介词for来将____________后置. 23) The villagers didn’t allow them to do this. 24) She let me stay in the company. 25) We heard the girl singing the song. 26) He had his computer repaired last night. 27) I will keep the box in the shade. 28) We kept the room clean. 29) We found him a very good pupil. 基本句型5：以上句子中包含_________________, ________________，________________和____________四部分,即:___________ +____________+____________+____________. 此句型中的动词叫做____________动词, 其后接的______________和___________也可称之为_________________. 常见的动词有___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________, 其后所带的__________可由_________, ________________, _________________, _______________, ______________ 和___________ 等充当。 注意：在此句型中，我们常用it 做______________，而将_______________放到___________的后面。 二、英语句子的种类 英语句子按其结构可以分为三类： 1.She is fond of collecting stamps. 此句只包含__________________, 是_________________. 上述提到的五种基本句型均属此类英语句子。 Tom and Peter are good friends.
英语句型大全手册－详尽版 1. 疑问句型 what is this? 结构︰问句：what＋be 动词＋this（that…）？ 答句：this（that…）＋be 动词＋a book（pen…）。 说明︰此句型意为“这（那）是什么？这（那）是书（钢笔…）”。what（什么）叫做“疑 问词”，用于询问“事物”，通常放在句首，后接 be <动词>，再接<主词>，第 一个字母 w要大写，句尾要加问号(?)，位置不可排错。 what is this? this is a chair. 这是什么？这是一张椅子。 what’s this? it’s a book. 这是什么？它是一本书。 what is that? that is a desk. 那是什么？那是一张书桌。 what are these? 结构︰问句：what are＋these／those…？ 答句：these／those are＋复数名词（＋s／es）。 说明︰<主词>与<动词>的形式要一致，is 后面接单数<名词>，are 后面要接复数<名词>。 what are these? these are books. 这些是什么？这 些是书。 what are those? those are cups. 那些是什么？那些是茶杯。 what are they? they are glasses. 它们是什么？它们是玻璃杯。 what are you? 结构︰问句：what＋be 动词＋主词（人）…？ 答句：主词＋be 动词＋a student…。 说明︰此句型意为“你是做什么事情的？我是学生…”。疑问词 what 除了询问事物之外， 还可用于询问“人的职业或身分”。be <动词>随<人称代名词>的变化而改变形 态，如：i am，we are，you are，he is…。 what are you? i am a student. 你是 做什么事情的？我是一名学生。 what is she? she is a teacher. 她是做什么事情的？她是一名教师。 are you a ...? 结构︰问句：be 动词（am，are，is）＋主词＋…？ 肯定简答：yes，主词＋am（are，is）。 否定简答：no，主词＋am（are，is）not。 说明︰在否定<简答句>中，<主词>和 am，is，are 可以缩写；在肯定< 简答句>中则不可。 is he a student? yes, he is. (no, he isn’t.) 他是学生 吗？是的，他是。（不，他不是。） are you a teacher? yes, i am. (no, i’m not.) 你 是教师吗？是的，我是。（不，我不是。） is that a clock? yes, it is. (no, it isn’ t.) 那是钟表吗？是的，它是。（不，它不是。） what is your name? 结构︰问句：what＋is＋所有格＋name? 答句：所有格＋name＋is＋名字。 说明︰“my，your，his，her”为单数人称的<所有格>；<所有格>后面必 接<名词>，即“<所有格>＋<名词>”；<所有格>不可与 a，an，this， that，these 或 those 紧接一起使用。 what is your name? my name is sue. 妳叫什么名字？我的名字叫苏。 what is his name? his name is john. 他叫什么名字？他的名字叫约翰。 what is her name? her name is jean. 她叫什么名字？她的名字叫珍。
简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句 1、简单句只包含一个主谓结构，个个成分都是单词或短语的句子。 All roads lead to Rome. He got up, dressed quickly, washed himself and went out. Is he a superman? Don’t be shy. Have a try. The man dressed in black seems to be a spy. 2、并列句包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，分句由并列连词and,then,but,or,or else,so,for,while,when;both…and,either…or,neither…nor,not only…,but also,as well as等来连接。 He is a basketball fan, and his wife is a volleyball fan. Honey is sweet, but the bee stings. Don’t be late, for there is a meeting. Hurry up, or you’ll be late. He works hard while his brother is a lazy bone. He was enjoying his KFC when a friend came. 3、复合句复合句的某个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等，由另一个句子承当。（1）名词性从句 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句统称为名词性从句。 宾语从句注意事项：引导词、语序、时态呼应、语态。
二．句子的种类 1. 陈述句 用来陈述一件事情或表示一种看法，可分为肯定句和否定句两种形式。 如：He went to the cinema the day before yesterday. She isn’t a doctor. 2. 疑问句 1）一般疑问句： 指用yes或no来回答的句子。 如：Is your father a worker？ 2）特殊疑问句： 其结构：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句语序。但是，如果疑问词在句子中作主语或作主语的定语，就用特殊疑问词＋陈述句语序。常用的疑问词有：what, who(whom), whose ,which ,when ,where ,how ,why等，回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答，不用yes或no来回答。 如：Who is speaking outside？ Where did you go yesterday？ 3）选择疑问句： 指提问者提供两种或两种以上情况,让对方从中作出选择的句子。它的基本结构是：一般疑问句＋or＋一般疑问句（后一部分与前一部分相同的成分常常省略）。回答时，不用yes或no回答，而是选择其中一种回答。 如：Which one do you like，this one or that one？ 4）反意疑问句： 提出情况和看法来问对方是否同意的句子。它由两部分构成：前一部分是对事物的陈述，后一部分是简短的附加问句。遵循“前肯后否，后肯前否”的原则。如：It’s a nice day，isn’t it？ He works hard，doesn’t he？ 3. 祈使句 表示请求、命令、建议或劝告等的句子叫祈使句，主语you通常省略。 1）肯定形式：一般以动词原形开头。 Open the door, please. 2）否定形式：在句首谓语动词前加Don't。 Don't be late for class. 4. 感叹句 1）一般用感叹词how或what引导，how修饰形容词或副词，what修饰名词。2）how引导的感叹句的基本结构是： How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！（主谓可省略）
英语：高二语法复习（新人教版）（1） 英语句式类型 一、分类 1）按照句式结构分为三种：简单句、并列句、复合句 2）按照句子功能分为四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句 第一节简单句 一、定义：简单句只包含一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语构成的句子，且句子的各个成分都是由单词或短语来组成的。 二、分类： 类型1：S + V。该句型中谓语动词为不及物动词，后面不可接宾语，但可接状语或其他成分例：Nobody went out. The children are playing. We study hard. 类型2：S + V + O. 该句型中的谓语为及物动词，后面必须接宾语，且只能接一个宾语。 例：We love our country. The old woman looks after the baby carefully. He dreamed a terrible dream last night. 类型3：S + V + O(人) + O(物)该句型中的动词为双宾语动词，后面必须接两个宾语。该类动词主要有：give, show, send, pass, lend, return, promise, owe; make, buy, do, fetch, paint, save, spare, find等例：He gave his sister the piano. He gave the piano to his sister. He bought his wife a coat. He bought a coat for his wife. 类型4：S + V + O + C该句型中的谓语动词后面必须接宾语，且还要用一个补足语来补充说明宾语的状态。 例：I found the book easy. The teacher told us to study hard. We heard him singing. 类型5：S + L + P该句型中的L为系动词，后常接表语。注意：1）该句型无被动；2）无进行；3）作非谓语时常用V-ing形式。
句子种类与简单句的基本句型 句子的分类 通常，我们从两个不同的角度对句子进行分类：一是按句子的用途；二是按句子的结构。1.句子的用途分类 所谓用途分类是指，根据句子的意思，句子的语言功能和作用是什么，然后将其归类。按这种方法，所有的英语句子可以分成四个种类：陈述句（Declarative Sentence），疑问句（Interrogative Sentence），祁使句（Imperative Sentence）和感叹句（Exclamatory Sentence）。 1）陈述句（Declarative Sentence） 1．肯定式 2．否定式 2) 疑问句（Interrogative Sentence）可分为以下四种： A）一般疑问句（General Question） (1)用Yes,No来回答的疑问句。 (2)往往把be,助动词，情态动词置于句首。例如： --Are you a student ? --Yes, I am a student . --Do you like dancing ? --Yes, I do . B)特殊疑问句（Special Question） （1）用疑问代词或疑问副词提问的句子, 用疑问词+一般疑问句构成 如：时间（When）、地点（Where）、原因（Why）、方式（How）、人物（Who）、名称（What），等等。回答的内容是具体的。例如： --Who is in charge of English in your class ? --Zheng Zheng (is ). --谁是你们班的英语科代表？--（是）郑征。 - -Why is Luo Huimin absent from duty today .--She is preparing for going abroad . 罗慧敏今天为什么没有上班？她要出国,正在做准备。 （2）疑问词作主语或主语的定语时，与陈述句的顺序相同， 如：Whose father works in Shanghai?Who is on duty today? C) 选择疑问句（Alternative Question） 由一般疑问句加连词or连接。回答时既不能用"Yes"也不能用"No"，而是需要回答人说出具体的选择。另外，连词or之前的部分读升调，其后的部分读降调。例如： --Is your sister or brother going abroad ? --My brother is . （选择主语）--是你的妹妹还是弟弟要出国？--我弟弟。 --Are you going to school or back home . --（I‘m）Going home . （选择谓语） --你是去学校还是回家。--我回家。 D) 反意疑问句（Disjunctive Question）当说话人对某种情况不甚有把握，或需进一步证实时，便可使用反意疑问句。构成：陈述句+简略问句 肯定否定 否定肯定 例如：She is a college student , isn‘t she ?她是学生，对不对？ He cannot speak French , can he ?他不会说法语是不是？ 3) 祁使句（Imperative Sentence）
通常，我们可以从两个不同的角度对句子进行分类：一是按句子的用途；二是按句子的结构。 1. 句子的用途分类 所谓用途分类是指，根据句子的意思，句子的语言功能和作用是什么，然后将其归类。按这种方法，所有的英语句子可以分成四个种类：陈述句( Declarative Sen te nee),疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)，祈使句(Imperative Sentence)和感叹句 (Exclamatory Sentence)。 1) 陈述句( Declarative Sentence ) 陈述句是用来说明事实、看法,描述动作、状态,阐明道理、原因,等等。这是日常生活中见得最多的一种句子。它在表达意思上有两种形式,即肯定句形式和否定句形式。例如： Chinese is one of the major languages in the world. 中文是世界主要语言之一。 It is not an easy job to learn English well . 学好英语不是件易事。 She is doing her term paper .她在写学期论文。 This is a beautiful garden . 这是一座漂亮的花园。 Wealth does not mean happiness .富有并不意味着幸福。 Being over-slept, he was late for class today. 由于睡过了头,他今天上课迟到了。 2) 疑问句( Interrogative Sentence ) 疑问句是用来提出问题的,按其所提出的不同问题可分为以下四种： A )一般疑问句( General Question ) 一般疑问句是就某件事或某种情况的”是与否”提问。因此，它的回答不是"Yes"就是"No"；回答时所用的句子可以是完整句, 也可以是省略句。另一方面, 凡是疑问句一般说来都应该是倒装语序。例如： --Are you a student ? --Yes, I am a student . --Do you like dancing ? --Yes, I do . B) 特殊疑问句( Special Question) 特殊疑问句是对某件事或某种情况的某一方面的具体内容提问, 因此, 对哪一方面的具体内 容提问,就需要使用相应的特殊疑问词如：时间( When) 、地点( Where) 、原因( Why)、方式(How)、人物(Who)、名称(What)，等等。另外，回答的内容也应该是具体的。 例如： --Who is in charge of English in your class ? --Zheng Zheng (is ). --谁是你们班的英语科代表？--( 是)郑征。--Why is Luo Huimin absent from duty today .--She is preparing for going abroad . 罗慧敏今天为什么没有上班？她要出国,正在做准备。 C) 选择疑问句( Alternative Question ) 选择疑问句可以对句子中的任何成分设置选择问题，选择部分由连词or 连接。它貌似一般疑问句，其实两者有区别，因为回答这种文句时既不能用"Yes"也不能用"No"，而是需要回
英语句子类型 一、分类 1）按照句式结构分为三种：简单句、并列句、复合句 2）按照句子功能分为四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句 第一节 简单句 一、定义： 简单句只包含一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语构成的句子，且句子的各个成分都是 由单词或短语来组成的。 二、分类： 类型1：S + V。 该句型中谓语动词为不及物动词，后面不可接宾语，但可接状语或其他成分 例： Nobody went out. The children are playing. We study hard. 类型2：S + V + O. 该句型中的谓语为及物动词，后面必须接宾语，且只能接一个宾语。 例： We love our country. The old woman looks after the baby carefully. He dreamed a terrible dream last night. 类型3：S + V + O(人) + O(物) 该句型中的动词为双宾语动词，后面必须接两个宾语。该类动词主要有： give, show, send, pass, lend, return, promise, owe; make, buy, do, fetch, paint, save, spare, find等例： He gave his sister the piano. He gave the piano to his sister. He bought his wife a coat. He bought a coat for his wife. 类型4：S + V + O + C 该句型中的谓语动词后面必须接宾语，且还要用一个补足语来补充说明宾语的状态。 例： I found the book easy. The teacher told us to study hard. We heard him singing. 类型5：S + L + P 该句型中的L为系动词，后常接表语。 注意： 1）该句型无被动； 2）无进行； 3）作非谓语时常用V-ing形式。 例：