arrangement
n.①［常pl.］安排，准备工作 all the travel arrangements旅行的一切安排②整理，排列，布置 the arrangement of the tables安排这些桌子③~(with sb.)to do sth.; ~(with sb.)(about/over sth.) 同意; 约定; 解决Appointments can be made by arrangement with my secretary.约见时间可以与我的秘书商定解决。
真题例句：Researchers recruited 92 families from 11 child care centers before their children were a year old, interviewing each to
establish income, level of education and child care
arrangements.(2009.12阅读A)
译文：研究人员从11个幼儿中心召集 92个家庭，他们的孩子都小于一岁，采访每个人并建立收入、教育水平以及幼儿护理安排。
artificial
a.①人工的，人造的，人为的 artificial flowers假花②假的，矫揉造作的，模拟的 an artificial smile做作的笑容
真题例句：According to Stokoe, sign language is an artificial language?(2004.6听力13题)
译文：根据Stokoe(的观点)，手语是一种人工语言吗？
ashamed
a.~(of sth./s
b./oneself); ~(that…) 惭愧的，羞耻的，害臊的You should be ashamed of yourself for telling such lies.你应该为说这些谎话而感到羞耻。He felt too ashamed to ask for help.他不好意思请求帮助。
assert
vt.①肯定地说，断言She asserted her innocence/that she was innocent.她坚称自己很清白(她是无辜的)。②维护，坚持assert one’s
authority/independence坚持自己的权威性/独立性
assemble
vi.集合，聚集The students assembled in the school garden.学生们在校园集合。vt.①集合，聚集，召集assemble evidence搜集证据②装配assemble the parts of a watch 装配表的零件
真题例句：Everybody assembled in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.(2000.6词汇44题)
译文：大家聚集在大厅里，秘书在此接待。
assess
vt.①对……进行估价，确定……的数额 assess the damage at 350 评定损害赔偿金为350英镑②估计、评定某事物的质量 I’d assess your chances as extremely low.我估计你成功的机会极微。<同根词/派生>assessment n.①确定，评定②评价，看法。
真题例句：After a number of different tests and interviews with people who are familiar with the different cameras being assessed, our
researchers recommend the Olympic BY model as the best auto
focus camera available at the moment.(2005.1听写)
译文：经过多次测试，并且采访了很多对正在评估的不同相机很熟悉的人，我们的研究人员推荐北京奥运会这一款是目前最好的。
辨析access assess
这两个词为一组形近易混词。
①access n. 接近，进入have free access to that swimming pool可以免费地进入游泳池
②assess v. 评估(财产，价值)The annual income of the employees in this company was assessed at＄1000.这个公司的雇员的年收入为1000美元。
assist
v.&n.~(sb.)in/with sth.; ~(sb.)in doing sth.帮助; 援助; 协助Two men are assisting the police in their enquiries有两个人正在协助警方进行对他们的询问。<同根词/派生>assistance n.帮助，援助I can’t move this piano without assistance.没有人帮忙, 我可挪不动这架钢琴。assistant n.助手，助理，助教a.助理的，辅助的the assistant manager 副经理
真题例句：He asked us to assist them in carrying through their plan.(2004.1词汇41题)
译文：他要求我们协助他们执行其计划。
associate
vt.(在思想上)把……联系在一起，使联合problems associated with cancer treatment 与治疗癌症有关的问题vi.~with结交，交往I don’t like you associating with such people.我不喜欢你和那些人混在一起。n.伙伴，同事，合伙人one’s business associates 业务合伙人a.副的associate director 副主任
真题例句：The numbers associated with identity theft are beginning to add up fast these days.(2007.6快速阅读)
译文：最近，有关身份盗窃的案件正在迅速增多。
常用短语associate sb./sth.with sth.把某人/某事与某事联系在一起
be associated(with sb./sth.)与某人/某事有
association
n.①协会，联盟，社团professional associations专业学会②联合，结合，交往his association with British people他和英国人的来往
真题例句：Alarmed by this state of decay, the Japan Automobile
Manufacturers Association(JAMA)proceeded a comprehensive
study of the market in 2006.(2009.6完形)
译文：日本汽车制造商协会(JAMA)对这种衰败状况感到震惊，接着在2006年进行了市场的全面调查。
assume
vt.①假定，假设，臆断It is/seems reasonable to assume(that)…假设/似乎……是合理的。②承担，担任，就职assume responsibility承担责任；assume office 就职③装作；装出；假装assume ignorance/indifference假装不知情、装作不在乎
真题例句：The reasons why people don’t read newspapers are more complicated than assumed.(2002.6阅读1)
译文：人们为什么不看报纸的原因比预想的要复杂。
真题例句：People assume that office politics involves some
manipulative(工于心计的)behavior.(2004.6阅读2)
译文：人们认为办公室政治包括一些工于心计的行为。
assure
vt.①sb.that…;~ sb./oneself(of sth.)明确地或有信心地告诉(某人); 向(某人)保证The dealer had assured me of its quality.经销商已经给我保证了
它的质量。②使(某事物)确定; 确保Her success as an actress was now assured.她当演员很成功, 已毋庸置疑了。
真题例句：Its makers say that should assure you wake up feeling refreshed every morning.(2006.6新题型完形69题)
译文：制造商说，它会让你每天早上醒来时感觉神清气爽。
辨析assure ensure
这是一组形近词。
①assure n.使某人相信，向某人保证。搭配为：assure sb.of sth.或assure sb.that，assure safety of the operation 确保手术成功。
②ensure n.保证，确保。常用于ensure that…或ensure sth.(如：success, safety, supplies)句型。
attain
vt.达到，获得attain a position of power 获得权位<同根词/派生>attainable a.可获得; 可达到的; 可实现的attainment n.①达到; 到达②(usu pl 通常作复数)成就；造诣
真题例句：One must know how to attain happiness.(1998.6阅读3)
译文：一个人必须知道怎样得到幸福。
attack
v.&n.①攻击，进攻，抨击make an attack on the enemy向敌人进攻；an attack on the Government’s policies 对政府政策的抨击②(疾病等)突然发作；袭击a heart attack 心脏病发作③对某事物奋力着手处理，动手an all out attack on poverty全力着手解决贫困问题；to attack unemployment解决失业问题
真题例句：In the wake of the Sept.11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing.(2006.6新题型阅读2)
译文：9·11事件后，这些问题似乎变得前所未有的迫切。
attract
vt.吸引，引起……的注意attract sb’s attention/interest引起某人的注意/兴趣
真题例句：The chief purpose of rankings-conscious colleges in offering merit aid is to attract good students.(2009.12快速阅读)
译文：在提供成绩援助方面进行大学排名的主要目的是吸引优秀学生。
attraction
n.吸引，吸引力，具有吸引力的事物(或人)She felt a strong attraction to him.她感到他对她有强烈的吸引力。
真题例句：The attraction for students might at first seem obvious。(2007.12阅读1)
译文：对学生的吸引力，起初似乎是很明显的。
attractive
a.吸引的，有吸引力的，引起注意的，迷人的 political movement that is attractive to young people吸引年轻人的政治运动
真题例句：Television is an attractive medium for advertising because it delivers mass audiences to advertisers.(2008.6快速阅读)
译文：电视是一个有吸引力的广告媒体，因为它给广告商带来众多的观众attention
n.①注意，关心，专心，留心call sb’s attention to sth.引起某人注意某事;pay attention to注意。②特别的照顾或处理，实际的考虑He gives all his attention to his car.他十分关心他的汽车。③立正姿势，立正口令come
to/stand at attention 立正
真题例句：As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’s attention.(2009.12阅读1)
译文：作为潜在的第一夫人，她会吸引世界的注意力。
attempt
n.&vt.尝试，试图；企图，努力made no attempt to do sth.未尝试做某事；in an attempt to do sth.尝试做某事；at the first attempt首次尝试；She will attempt to beat the world record.她决心要打破世界纪录。
真题例句：Someone on the bridge is attempting to kill himself.(2003.9听力19题)
译文：桥上有个人企图自杀。
attribute
vt.~to.把……归因于，把(过错、责任等)归于 They attribute their success to their teacher’s encouragement.他们把成功归因于老师的鼓励。n.属性，特性Politeness is an attribute of a gentleman.彬彬有礼是绅士的本色。
真题例句：Lapses cannot always be attributed to lack of concentration.(2003.9阅读3，35题)
译文：失误不能总是归因于不集中精力。
available
a.①现成可使用的，手边的，可利用的 Not enough data is available to scientists科学家掌握的数据不足。Funds are available to assist teachers.有可用来资助教师的资金。②可取得联系的，可得到的 Do you have a room available?你们有空房间吗？
真题例句：The emphasis given to each of these functions vary from university to university, according to the views of the people
in control and according to the resources available.(2008.6
完形)
译文：学校主管人员的观点及现有资料表明，不同的大学对于这些作用的侧重点是不同的。
average
a.①平均的 the average age平均年龄②平常的，普通的average intelligence 一般智力n.平均数，平均above/below average平均数之上/之下; on average 平均来说; the average of 3, 8 and 10 3，8，和10的平均数 v.平均The rainfall averages 36 inches a year.年降雨量平均为36英寸。
真题例句：It would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients(接受者).(2009.12
快速阅读)
译文：这将削减约平均成绩奖学金的三分之一，减少受援者的数量。
avoid
vt.避免，预防，避开，躲开 I just avoided running over the cat.我差一点儿轧着猫。Alan narrowly avoided an accident.爱兰死里逃生。avoid
sb./sth.like the plague极力回避, 尽量躲开某人/某事物
真题例句：Avoid using any contaminated food.(2009.6听力28题)
译文：避免食用任何被污染的食物。
award
vt.~ sb.sth./~ sth.to sb.授予，给予；判给，裁定 She was awarded a medal for bravery.她因勇敢而获得奖章。n.奖，奖品，奖金;奖励an award presentation/ceremony 奖品的颁发(颁奖仪式)
真题例句：My every achievement—jobs, research papers, awards—was viewed through the lens of gender(性别)politics.(2007.6阅读2)
译文：我的每一项成就——工作、论文、获奖——都被通过性别政治的镜头来看待。
awkward
a.①尴尬的，棘手的an awkward silence尴尬的沉默；Philip’s remarks put her in an awkward position.菲利普的话使她很尴尬。②难操纵的，使用不便的 The heavy ax was awkward to use.这把重斧头不好用。③笨拙的，不灵巧的 I was always an awkward dancer.我跳舞一向是笨手笨脚的。
真题例句：The shy girl felt awkward and uncomfortable when she could not an swer her teacher’s questions.(1998.6词汇42题)
译文：当不会回答老师的问题时，这位害羞的女孩觉得很尴尬，很不舒服(一)选词填空，完成下面句子。
1.She likes the flower instead of the natural one.
2.If you ask why I plan to study in the United States, the only answer is that it is a for me.
3.Without a proper education, people could all kinds of crimes.
4.I’d into account his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community， and make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/035635974.html,puter technology will about a revolution in business administration.
6.Convenience foods which are already prepared for cooking are in grocery stores.
7.Purchasing the new production line will be a deal for the company.
8.The lawyer made a great impression on the jury.
9.In addition to the rising birthrate and immigration, the death rate contributed to the population growth.
10.We managed to reach the top of the mountain, and half an hour later we began to .
(二)汉译英练习。
1.When I (发现他骗我)I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.
2.A dog has won a German government award (因协助警方劝阻一名妇女自杀).
3.Travel can widen our knowledge, (扩大我们的眼界),and make one open-minded as well.
4.An increasing number of people are beginning to realize (教育不能随着毕业而结束).
5.We have reasons to believe that (一个更加光明美好
的未来等着我们).
参考答案
(一)
1.［N］
2.［C］
3.［H］
4.［A］
5.［E］
6.［D］
7.［B］
8.［G］
9.［K］ 10.［I］
(二)
1.caught/found him cheating me
2.for helping police persuade a woman not to commit suicide
3.broaden our horizon
4.that education is not complete with graduation
5.we would have a better and brighter future
communicate
vi.①交流，交际，通讯 I like to communicate with my family.我喜欢和我的家人沟通。②~(with sth.)连接，相通 vt.①~to sb. 传达(感情，信息等)，传播Did she communicate my wishes to you? 她有没有把我的祝福转告你?②~to sb. 传染给某人
真题例句：The employee at the home office can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine.(2003.1阅读3)
译文：在家办公的员工可以通过电话和传真与国外客户很好地交流。
真题例句：Many animals can communicate.(2006.12完形69题)
译文：许多动物会交流。
companion
n.同伴，伴侣a travelling companion旅行伙伴；keep company with 和……要好
真题例句：The dictionary meaning of the term “associate” is
“colleague”; “friend”; “companion”.(2005.6阅读2)
译文：字典对associate的解释是“同事”，“朋友”，“伴侣”。
comparative
a.比较的，相对的 a comparative success 相对而言的成功<同根词/派生> comparatively ad.比较地
comparison
n.①比较，对照 make a comparison between比较by/in comparison(with sb./sth.)相比之下，比较起来②比拟，比喻 His comparison of the heart to a pump他将心脏比作抽水机。
真题例句：To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to shop around and make comparisons between stores .(2008.12
阅读2，66题)
译文：为了获得更好的购物体验，建议顾客货比三家。
compatible
a.①~(with s
b./sth.) 能和睦相处的，合得来的②~(with sb./sth.) 兼容的，谐调的, 一致的Overpopulation is not compatible with freedom. 人口过剩和自由是不可调和的。
compensate
v.~(sb.)for sth.补偿，弥补，抵消Who will compensate for the losses?谁将赔偿损失？
compensation
n.①补偿(或赔偿)的款物as a compensation for injury作为受伤的赔偿②补偿，赔偿claim for compensation要求赔偿
真题例句：Demand compensation from the hotel.(2007.6听力22题)
译文：要求旅馆补偿。
compete
vi.竞争，比赛,竞赛 Several companies are competing(against/with each other)for the contract/to gain the contract.几家公司正为争取一项合同而互相竞争。
真题例句：Encourage them to compete with each other.(2009.12听力34 题)
译文：鼓励他们相互竞争。
真题例句：I have totally realized that it will be very difficult to compete against three strong teams.(2005.1词汇48题).
译文：我充分地意识到与三个强队竞争处境将非常艰难。
competent
a.~(as/at/in sth.); ~(to do sth.) 有能力的，能胜任的competent at/in one’s work 能胜任工作的②不错的(但并不出色) a competent piece of work 良好的作品
辨析able capable competent
这是三个意思相近的形容词.
①able能够的，能干的。做定语用，指某人有知识，才干。“能干”的意味比capable强。做表语用，指人具有才智，强调不但聪明，而且受过实际锻炼，有做某事的足够的能力。多指暂时现象。He is an able leader.他是个能干的领导人。常见用法：be able to do sth.能够做某事。
②capable有能力的，有才能的，能干的。通常指这种能力达到一般要求，意味比able弱。可用于褒贬，多指经常具有的能力。She is capable of teaching English.她能教英语。
③competent 表示掌握了专门的知识和技能因而具备完成某项任务的能力，强调符合条件，能够胜任，有“合格的”意思。a competent typist一个合格的打字员。
④able的反义词是unable,而capable的反义词是incapable.
competition
n.①竞争，比赛fierce/stiff/intense competition激烈的比赛②竞争; 角逐international competition国际竞争a competition between/with sb.(for sth.)某些人之间为……的竞争
真题例句：Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be“a sign that people are stating to realize that there’s this destructive
competition going on,”says Baum co-author of a recent College
Report…(2009.12快速阅读)
译文：汉密尔顿以及其他人最近作出的决定可能是“人们开始认识到正在进行一场破坏性的竞争的迹象”，最近的学院报告的一个合著者Baum说。
competitive
a.①竞争的，比赛的②好竞争的，求胜心切的 be highly competitive高度的竞争意识③(价格等)有竞争力的；不逊于或超过他人的 competitive prices 有竞争力的价格
真题例句：Immigrants choose to settle in the U.S., dreaming that they can be more competitive in business.(2003.6阅读2，28题)
译文：移民选择定居美国，梦想着他们在业务上更有竞争力。
complete
a.①完整的，全部的 a complete list完整的清单②十足的，彻底的 a complete stranger素不相识的人③完成的，结束的 vt.①完成，结束 complete this task 完成这项任务②使完整，使完全 Complete the sentences.使句子完整。
compose
vt.①~ sth.组成，构成②创作(乐曲、诗歌等)，为……谱曲 compose poetry 写诗③使平静，使镇静 She composed herself to answer the letters.她静下心来写回信。④~(of)组成,构成 Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.水是由氢和氧组成的。
comprehension
n.①理解(力) above/beyond sb’s comprehension不能理解的②理解力测验 a comprehension test 理解力测试
comprehensive
a.①广泛的，综合的 a comprehensive survey 全面的考察②有充分理解力的 a comprehensive mind 具有充分理解力的头脑
真题例句：…but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social issues related to chronic
pain.(2007.6选词填空)
★ 形容词： 1. 贫穷的：poor ; needy ; impoverished ; poverty-stricken 2. 富裕的：rich ; wealthy ; affluent ; well-to-do ; well-off 3. 优秀的：excellent ; eminent ; top ; outstanding 4. 积极的，好的：good ; conducive ; beneficial; advantageous 5. 消极的，不良的：bad ; detrimental; baneful ; undesirable 6. 明显的：obvious ; apparent ; evident ; manifest 8. 惊人的：surprising ; amazing ; extraordinary ; miraculous 9. 美丽的：beautiful ; attractive ; gorgeous ; eye-catching 10. 有活力的：energetic ; dynamic ; 11. 流行的：popular ; prevailing ; prevalent; 1. Everywhere 普遍的Widespread、Prevalent、Overflow 2. Good 好的Beneficial、Advantageous 3. Harmful 有害的Inhumane、Detrimental 、Baneful 4. Rich 富有的Wealthy、Affluent 7.Serious 严重的Severe 9. cheap 便宜的Economical、Inexpensive ★ 动词： 1. 提高，加强：improve ; enhance; promote ; strengthen ; optimize 2. 引起：cause ; trigger ; endanger 3. 解决：solve ; resolve ; address ; tackle ; cope with ; deal with 4. 拆除：destroy ; tear down ; knock down ; eradicate 5. 培养: develop ; cultivate ; 6. 激发，鼓励：encourage ; motivate ; stimulate ; spur 7. 认为：think ; assert; hold ; claim ; argue 8. 完成：complete ; fulfill ; accomplish; achieve 9. 保留：keep ; preserve ; retain ; hold 10. 有害于：destroy ; impair ; undermine ; jeopardize 11. 减轻: ease ; alleviate ; relieve ; lighten 2. change 改变：Transform 3. Emphasize 强调：Highlight、Stress Address这是个9 星级用法） 4. Develop 培养：Agriculture、Cultivate、Nurture 5. Break 破坏：Impair、Undermine 这两个词指的是抽象意义上的破坏Jeopardize、Devastate 7. deal With解决Tackle Address （这也是高难度用法，很牛）、Resolve 8. need 需要Require、necessitate、call for ★ 名词： 1. 影响：influence; impact 2. 危险：danger ; perils ; hazard 3. 污染：pollution ; contamination
Smart 词汇记忆组群1 indeed ad. 真正地；确实，实在 deed n. 行为，行动；功绩；契约 相关单词act vi. 行为，做；起作用 n. 行为 ag,act=to act(行动) agency n. 代理；代理处agent n. 代理人，代理商agony n. 极度痛苦 action n. 行动；作用 active a. 活跃的，积极的；在活动中的 activity n. 活动，活跃；行动actor n. 男演员 actress n. 女演员 actual a. 实际的，事实的actually ad. 实际上；竟然react vi. 起作用，反应；反对，起反作用；起化学反应reaction n. (to)反应；反作用 exact a. 确切的，精确的exactly ad. 确切地；恰恰正是，确实 interaction n. 相互作用，相互影响 inter=between,among interfere vi. 干涉，介入；阻碍，干扰 interference n. 干涉，介入；阻碍，干扰 interior a. 内部的；内地的，国内的 n. 内部；内地 intermediate a. 中间的；中级的 n. 中间体，媒介物 interpret vt. 解释，说明vi. 口译，翻译interpretation n. 解释，口译 interpreter n. 译员，口译者interview n./v. 接见，会见；面谈，面试 interval n. 间隔，间距；（幕间）休息 internal a. 内的，内部的；国内的，内政的相关单词 external a. 外部的，外面的 ex-=fully,out exterior a. 外部的，外面的 n. 外部 explain v. 解释，说明 example n. 例子；榜样，模 范 形近单词 sample vt. 抽样，取样 Smart词汇记忆组群2 block n.街区；木块；障碍物； vt.堵塞，拦阻 barrier n.屏障；障碍 bar=bar(横木) embarrass vt.使窘迫，使为 难 bar n.酒吧间，售酒的柜台；条， 杆；栅，栏； vt.阻止，阻拦 barrel n.桶，筒 与“容器”相关的单词 basin n.盆，洗脸盆；盆地 bucket n.水桶，桶 drum n.鼓状的桶；鼓 pail n.桶，提桶 tub n.桶，盆，浴盆 jar n.罐子，坛子，广口瓶 kettle n.水壶 pot n.壶，罐 can n.罐头，听头 tin n.锡；罐头 container n.容器，集装箱 tain,ten,tin=to hold,to keep(保持) content n.内容，目录；容量 content a.满意的，满足的； vt.使满意，是满足 continual a.不停的，频频的 continue vt.继续，延伸 continuous a.连续不断的， 持续的 contain vt.包含，容纳 attain v.(尤指经过努力)达 到，获得 entertain vt.招待；是欢乐 entertainment n.娱乐 fountain n.喷泉 maintain vt.维持，保持；赡 养，负担；维修，保养；坚持， 主张 maintenance n.维持，保持； 维修，保持 obtain vt.获得，得到 sustain vt.保持，使......持续 不息；供养，维持（生命等）； 支持 rentain vt.保持，保留 形近单词 remain vi.剩下；留待；依然 是 remains n.残余，剩余；遗迹 main a.主要的，总的 mainly ad.主要地，大体上 Smart词汇记忆组群3 bio=life(生命) biography n.传记 biology n.生物学；生态学 log=to speak(说话) catalog(ue) n.目录（册）； vt.将（书籍，资料等）编入目 录 dialog(ue) n.对话，对白 logical a.逻辑上的，符合逻辑 的 apology n.道歉，认错，谢罪 apologize vi.道歉，认错 psychological a.心理的，心 理学的 technology n.工艺，技术 techn(o)=art(技 艺),skill(技术) technical a.技术的，工艺的 technician n.技术员，技师 technique n.技术；技艺 相关单词 science n.科学，科学研究 sci=to know(知道) scientific a.科学（上）的 scientist n.（自然）科学家 unconscious a.不省人事的； 未意识到的 consciousness n.意识，觉 悟 conscience n.良心，道德心 conscious a.意识到的；有意 的；神智清醒的 相关单词 aware a.知道的，意识到的 recognize vt.认识，认出；承 认 recognition n.认出，识别； 承认 realize vt.认识到；实现 reality n.现实；真实（性）
大学英语四级写作常用短语1．经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy 2．人民生活水平的显着提高/ 稳步增长 the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard 3．先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology 4．面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges 5．人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized that… 6．社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development 7．引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8．不可否认It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that… 9．热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate 10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue 11．完全不同的观点 a totally different argument 12．一些人…而另外一些人… Some people… while others… 13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally, 14．就…达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consensus on… 15．有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons 16．双方的论点 argument on both sides 17．发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in… 18．对…必不可少be indispensable to … 19．正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes: 20．…也不例外…be no exception 21．对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on… 22．利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 23．导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in 24．复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon 25．责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation 27. 开阔眼界widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision
十大功能段落句型 1）话题引出段 No wadays, there is a growing concern over the issue of …… People in growing numbers are directing their attention to …… With the development of ……, the problem of …has become increasingly serio us. When it comes to ……, people’s no tions may vary from one to a no ther. Recently, a heated disc us sion has sprung up as to …… Traditional virtue/value has it that……, yet people are……currently. 2）图画图表描述段 As is vividly shown in the picture,…… It is clearly depicted in the picture that…… This picture depicts a thought-provoking scene of ………………………………………………………………………………………………According to the figures given in the chart,….. The chart above provides a series of essential figures, ill us trating the changes taking place in a time span of …years. 3) 观点对比段 Opposite voices are now rising in the debate. Some people firmly believe that……. On the contrary, quite a few people argue that…… The controversial issue has aroused opposite opinions. One focuses on …….. ;the other opinion revolves around…… 4）利弊列举段 Every coin has two sides, and this issue is no exception. Above all, …In addition…More importantly…However, the negative influence it renders should not be neglected. ..not only …but also Is this phenomenon a blessing or a curse.? The following list of advantages and disadvantages can explain everything. 5）举例说明段 For instance; Take…for an example; A case in point is…… The following illustrations can serve as strong evidence of the phenomenon.
大学英语四级词汇表（最全版）A abandon/ ?’b?nd?n/ vt.丢弃;放弃，抛弃 aboard/ ?’b?:d/ ad.在船(车)上;上船 absolute/ ‘?bs?lu:t/ a.绝对的;纯粹的 absolutely/ ‘?bs?lu:tli/ ad.完全地;绝对地 absorb/ ?b’s?:b/ vt.吸收;使专心 abstract/ ’?bstr?kt/ n.摘要 abundant/ ?’bΛnd?nt/ a.丰富的;大量的 abuse/ ?’bju:z, ?’bju:s/ vt.滥用;虐待n.滥用 academic/ ?k?’demik/ a.学院的;学术的 accelerate/ ?k’sel?reit/ vt.(使)加快;促进 access/ ‘?kses/ n.接近;通道，入口
accidental/ ?ksi’dentl/ a.偶然的;非本质的accommodate/ ?’k?m?deit/ vt.容纳;供应，供给accommodation/ ?,k?m?’dei??n/ n.招待设备;预定铺位accompany/ ?’kΛmp?ni/ vt.陪伴，陪同;伴随accomplish/ ?’k?mpli?/ vt.达到(目的);完成accordance/ ?’k?r:d?ns/ n.一致;和谐;授予accordingly/ ?’k?r:di?li/ ad.因此，所以;照着 account/ ?’kaunt/ n.记述;解释;帐目 accumulate/ ?’kju:mjuleit/ vt.积累vi.堆积 accuracy/ ‘?kjur?si/ n.准确(性);准确度 accurate/ ‘?kjurit/ a.准确的，正确无误的accustomed/ ?’kΛst?md/ a.惯常的;习惯的 acid/ ‘?sid/ n.酸;酸的，酸性的
A abandon/ ?’b?nd?n/ vt.丢弃；放弃，抛弃 aboard/ ?’b?:d/ ad.在船(车)上；上船 absolute/ ‘?bs?lu:t/ a.绝对的；纯粹的 absolutely/ ‘?bs?lu:tli/ ad.完全地；绝对地 absorb/ ?b’s?:b/ vt.吸收；使专心 abstract/ ’?bstr?kt/ n.摘要 abundant/ ?’bΛnd?nt/ a.丰富的；大量的 abuse/ ?’bju:z, ?’bju:s/ vt.滥用；虐待n.滥用 academic/ ?k?’demik/ a.学院的；学术的 accelerate/ ?k’sel?reit/ vt.(使)加快；促进 access/ ‘?kses/ n.接近；通道，入口 accidental/ ?ksi’dentl/ a.偶然的；非本质的 accommodate/ ?’k?m?deit/ vt.容纳；供应，供给 accommodation/ ?,k?m?’dei??n/ n.招待设备；预定铺位 accompany/ ?’kΛmp?ni/ vt.陪伴，陪同；伴随 accomplish/ ?’k?mpli?/ vt.达到(目的)；完成 accordance/ ?’k?r:d?ns/ n.一致；和谐；授予 accordingly/ ?’k?r:di?li/ ad.因此，所以；照着 account/ ?’kaunt/ n.记述；解释；帐目 accumulate/ ?’kju:mjuleit/ vt.积累vi.堆积 accuracy/ ‘?kjur?si/ n.准确(性)；准确度 accurate/ ‘?kjurit/ a.准确的，正确无误的 accustomed/ ?’kΛst?md/ a.惯常的；习惯的 acid/ ‘?sid/ n.酸；酸的，酸性的 acquaintance/ ?’kweint?ns/ n.认识；了解；熟人 acquire / ?’kwai?/ vt.取得；获得；学到 acre/ ‘eik?/ n.英亩(=6.07亩) adapt/ ?’d?pt/ vt.使适应；改编 addition/ ?’di??n/ n.加，加法；附加物 additional/ ?’di??nl/ a.附加的，追加的 address / ?’dres/ n.地址；演说；谈吐 adequate/ ‘?dikwit/ a.足够的；可以胜任的 adjust/ ?’d?Λst/ vt.调整，调节；校正 administration / ?dminis’trei??n/ n.管理；管理部门 admission/ ?d’mi??n/ n.允许进入；承认 admit/ ?d’mit/ vt.承认；准许…进入 advance/ ?d’va:ns/ vi.前进；提高n.进展 advanced/ ?d’va:nst/ a.先进的；高级的 adventure/ ?d’vent??/ n.冒险；惊险活动 advisable/ ?d’vaiz?bl/ n.明智的；可取的 affair/ ?’fe?/ n.事情，事件；事务 affect/ ?’fekt/ vt.影响；感动 affection/ ?’fek??n/ n.慈爱，爱；爱慕 afford/ ?’f?r:d/ vt.担负得起…；提供 afterward/ ‘a:ft?w?d(z)/ ad.后来，以后 age/ eid?/ vt.变老 aggressive/ ?’gresiv/ a.侵略的；好斗的 aircraft/ ‘e?kra:ft/ n.飞机，飞行器 alarm/ ?’la:m/ n.惊恐，忧虑；警报 alcohol/ ‘?lk?h?l/ n.酒精，乙醇 alike/ ?’laik/ a.同样的，相同的 alloy/ ‘?l?i, ?’l?i/ n.合金；(金属的)成色 alphabet/ ‘?lf?bit/ n.字母表，字母系统 alter/ ‘?:lt?/ vt.改变，变更；改做
1. important =crucial (extremelyimportant),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) https://www.doczj.com/doc/035635974.html,mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere) 3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants) 4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly) 5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.) 6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent) 7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)
8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail) 9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people) 10.top=peak, summit https://www.doczj.com/doc/035635974.html,petitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics) 12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable) 13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way) 14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation 15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish
大学英语四级大纲单词表 (共4615)
a art.一(个)；每一(个) abandon[] vt.丢弃；放弃，抛弃 ability [] n.能力；能耐，本领 able[] a.有能力的；出色的 abnormal []a.不正常的；变态的 aboard[] ad.在船(车)上；上船 about [] prep.关于；在…周围 above [] prep.在…上面；高于 abroad []ad.(在)国外；到处 absence [] n.缺席，不在场；缺乏 absent [] a.不在场的；缺乏的 absolute []a.绝对的；纯粹的 absolutely []ad.完全地；绝对地 absorb [] vt.吸收；使专心 abstract [] a.抽象的n.摘要 abundant [] a.丰富的；大量的 abuse []vt.滥用；虐待n.滥用 academic [] a.学院的；学术的 academy []n.私立中学；专科院校 accelerate [] vt.(使)加快；促进acceleration []n.加速(度) accent [] n.口音，腔调；重音 accept [] vt.vi.接受；同意 acceptable [] a.可接受/合意的 acceptance []n.接受，验收；承认 access [] n.接近；通道，入口 accessory []n.同谋，从犯；附件 accident [] n.意外的；事故 accidental []a.偶然的；非本质的accommodate [] vt.容纳;供应,供给accommodation []n.招待设备；预定铺位accompany []vt.陪伴，陪同；伴随 accomplish []vt.达到(目的)；完成 accord [] vt.使一致；给予 accordance [] n.一致；和谐；授予 accordingly [] ad.因此，所以；照着 account [] n.记述；解释；帐目 accumulate []vt.积累vi.堆积 accuracy []n.准确(性)；准确度 accurate [] a.准确的，正确无误的 accuse [] vt.指责；归咎于 accustom [] vt.使习惯
写作要求： 1．紧扣题目 2．条理清晰、逻辑性强 3．语言精炼、句式词汇灵活多变 4．语法、拼写无误，书写美观 大学英语四级作文常用词汇及句型 在英语写作中，有一些句型的搭配能力非常强，基本上可以用在各种话题的议论文中，如果能将这些句型掌握并熟练应用一定会使你的英文写作得心应手。 一、开头句型 我们常说，良好的开端等于成功的一半。做事如此，作文也是如此。所以我们颇有必要在作文的开头花一番心思。 在写议论文时，你通常以什么样的方式开头呢？最简单也最常用的可能就是开门见山法，即直截了当地提出你对这个问题的观点，点出文章的中心思想。 I．has both advantages and disadvantages．……既有利又有弊。例如： 1．Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages． 2．Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages． 3．Com pared with cars，bikes have their advantages and disadvantages． 举一反三： 1．Although computers bring people a lot of convenience，they have many disadvantages． 2．…has many advantages．For example，…However，just as every coin has two sides，…has its disadvantages．（本例将利弊分开讲，转折过渡自然。just as every coin has two sides也很值得背诵。） II．play（s）an important role ／part in… ……在……中扮演重要角色／起重要作用。例如：1．Computers play an important role in science and technology． 2．Computers play a more and more important role in our life． Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies． 3．Education plays an important part in developing our mind． 4．Addiction to alcohol and drugs play a role in homelessness． 举一反三： 1．Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life． 2．In the past，letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication．But now ，telephone，email，fax have taken their place． III．With the development of…，随着……的发展，例如： 1．With the development of our economy，m any Chinese families can afford a car． 2．With the development of our economy and society，pollution is more and more serious． 3．With the rapid development of science and technology，people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home． 4．With the current social and technological developments，employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed． 举一反三： 1．With the rapid increase of China's population，housing problem is becoming more and more serious． 随着中国人口的急剧增加，住房问题越来越突出。 2．With more and more women entering society，people's attitude towards women is changing. 随着越来越多的妇女走入社会，人们对妇女的态度也在改变。
作文替换词汇 1.individuals,characters, folks替换people ,persons 2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior 替换good 3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad 如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换Eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive. 4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many. 注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。 Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理用most, if not all ,替换most. 5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some 6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally
大学英语四级词汇表 1. 1.a art.一(个)；每一(个) 2.abandon vt.丢弃；放弃，抛弃 3.ability n.能力；能耐，本领 4.able a.有能力的；出色的 5.abnormal a.不正常的；变态的 6.aboard ad.在船(车)上；上船 7.about prep.关于；在…周围 8.above prep.在…上面；高于 9.abroad ad.(在)国外；到处 10.absence n.缺席，不在场；缺乏 11.absent a.不在场的；缺乏的 12.absolute a.绝对的；纯粹的 13.absolutely ad.完全地；绝对地 14.absorb vt.吸收；使专心 15.abstract a.抽象的 n.摘要 16.abundant a.丰富的；大量的 17.abuse vt.滥用；虐待 n.滥用 18.academic a.学院的；学术的 19.academy n.私立中学；专科院校 20.accelerate vt.(使)加快；促进 21.acceleration n.加速；加速度 22.accent n.口音，腔调；重音 23.accept vt.vi.接受；同意 24.acceptable a.可接受的，合意的 25.acceptance n.接受，验收；承认 26.access n.接近；通道，入口 27.accessory n.同谋，从犯；附件 28.accident n.意外的；事故 29.accidental a.偶然的；非本质的 30.accommodate vt.容纳；供应，供给 31.accommodation n.招待设备；预定铺位 32.accompany vt.陪伴，陪同；伴随 33.accomplish vt.达到(目的)；完成 34.accord vt.使一致；给予 35.accordance n.一致；和谐；授予 36.accordingly ad.因此，所以；照着 37.account n.记述；解释；帐目 38.accumulate vt.积累 vi.堆积 39.accuracy n.准确(性)；准确度 40.accurate a.准确的，正确无误的 41.accuse vt.指责；归咎于 42.accustom vt.使习惯
英语四级作文常用词汇 1 解决 : Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle 2 损害： Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize 3 给与： Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford 4 培养：： Develop, cultivate, foster 5 优势： Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength 6缺陷： Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness 7使迷惑： Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle 8重要的： Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative 9 认为： Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced 10保护： Protect, conserve, preserve 11确保： Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge 12有害的： Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental 13要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition 14消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away 15导致： Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate 16因此： So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this 17 增长至： Grow to ，rise to ， increase to ，go up to ，climb to ，ascend to ，jump to ，shoot to
作文替换词汇 ,characters, folks替换people ,persons 2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good 3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad 如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换 army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive. 4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many. 注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。 Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理用most, if not all ,替换most. 5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some 6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think (因为是书面语，所以要加that) 7:affair ,business ,matter 替换thing 8: shared 代common
大学英语四级高频词汇表accuse vt.指控，指责 axquaintance n.认识，了解；熟人 administrative a.管理的，行政的；执行的，实施的，施政的 advanced a.先进的，高级的； 后阶段的 advisable a.明智的，适当的 allowance n.津贴，补贴，零用钱；折价，折扣 ambassador n.大使，使节，派驻国际组织的代表 ambition n.雄心，野心applicable适当的，可应用的arise vi.出现；起源于；起身 artificial a人工的，人造的；假的，矫揉造作的 assign vt.分配，布置；指定；指派，选派 assure vt.使确信使放心确保 bare a.赤裸的，光秃的；勉强 的v.露出，暴露 barrel n.桶；筒，枪（或炮）vi.快速移动 battery n. 炮组；电池（组）；一系列，一套 best-seller n.畅销书bild vt.命令，吩咐；祝，表示v./n.喊价，出价，投标n.企图，努力 blank n.空白(表格) a.空（白）的；茫然的，无表情的 bloodshed n.（战争等的）流血，杀戮 bother vt.打扰；使不安vi.担心,烦恼n.烦恼；麻烦 bound a.受约束的，有义务的v.给……划界限制,束缚n.（常pl.）界限，限制 bound vi./n.踊跃报名vi.弹回，反跃 broaden v.放宽，加固，（使）扩大 characteristic a.特有的，典型的n.特征，特点 comparison n.比较；比拟，比喻 component n.（组）成（部）分，部件 a.组成的 concede vi.让步，认输vt.承认失败；让予，允许 confident a.确信的，自信的 congratulate vt.祝贺，向……道喜 content n.含量;内容(pl/)所含之物; (pl.)目录 cooperate vi.合作,协作