长难句分析专题（一）---句子主干成分
很久了，总想为同学们写点什么，但是由于忙碌，或者是行为上的懒惰，一拖再拖，现在无论上考研还是六级课，总有种深深的感触，那就是很多的同学基础太差或比较差，以至于强化班老师讲什么，都无法很好的接受。今天下定决心，无论多忙，都要坚持把长难句分析的东西，一层层的给同学们作为专题，用心的一个字一个字的写下来。真心希望能帮助到大家。
其实无论是哪类英语考试，同学们寻求的总是做阅读的方法是什么？翻译的方法是什么？写作的模板是什么？听力的方法是什么？太重视方法了，而忽视了英语的根本，那就是单词和语法。单词还好，就是背，不管方法是什么，我们总知道把它记下就好了。语法呢？这样说吧，你阅读时可能每个单词都认识，但是却不知道这句话什么意思。作文也是，不会语法，作文就根本无法来写。今天这个专题只讲述句子主干成分。
同学们知道，句子的主干就分为主谓宾表；
看下面几句话：
1 A boy comes ; （主谓）
2 he is attractive; （主谓表）
3 I like him; （主谓宾）
4 I will give him all my love; （主谓双宾）
5 he can make me happy （主谓宾宾补）
这五个句子就是英语的基本句型，也就是说，不管多难多长的句子，其句子都一定是五种中的一种。要不就是错误的。中国人是不讲究什么主谓宾的，比如说，小时候妈妈总是让我喂猪，每次妈妈总是问：猪，你喂了吗？或者：猪，喂了吗？你；或者：喂了吗？猪，你？疯了，一个句子能说成无数种表达，但是英语只有一种表达方式，那就是：你喂猪了吗？
一）知道了句子的这几个结构，同学们想知道的是主谓表和主谓宾的区别？（4、5中可以不掌握的，考试用的很少）
1.主谓宾的谓语是实意动词（包括及物不及物动词）
2.主谓表的谓语是系动词（包括be动词；感官动词；表变化的单词eg become；表保持的单词eg keep；）
也就是说区别的关键就是看是谓语是实意动词还是系动词。
二）词性
中国人也曾经讲究过词性，但是实际使用中没有太大意义。eg 我很美；我爱美；我动作很美；虽然是一个美，但是写成英语，一个beautiful是解决不了这三个美的。因为英语及其重视词性。同学们下面想知道哪些词能做主，谓，宾，表。
1. 谓语
1）谁能做谓语？
同学们一般的回答是动词。说动词是对的，但是并不具体，因为不是所有的动词都做谓语的。比如说：he must go out; 谓语是谁？不是must，是go；那哪些动词作谓语呢？实意动词和系动词；那看下面的句子
i be a beauty；be 是谓语吗？不是，因为它没有时态，应该写成am 才是对的，也就是要写成be的一般现在时am；
总结：什么是谓语：有时态的系动词或实意动词就是谓语。（有句子就需要有时态，所以如果同学们不知道具体时态的，去google上搜一下，一定要弄明白各种时态的构成）
2）谓语能不能少？
显然不能，因为无论是哪种句子，都需要谓语；那如果一句话没有谓语怎么办？比如：我很美；显然里面是没有动词的。翻译的时候不能写i very pretty;，一定要写i am very pretty；也就是说没有动词一定要加be动词作为谓语。再比如，我一定要超过你。不能译为i must beyond you；因为没有动词就不是句子，那就只能在must后加上be了，这就对了、
3）谓语能不能多？
也就是一句话能不能有两个以上的动词作谓语？不能。一句话只能有一个动词作谓语，其他不做谓语的动词要变成不是动词；比如看下面的句子
love you is my fault; i come buy water; that cry boy is my little brother; he said sth smile;
以上四个句子中都有两个动词，既然只能有一个动词作谓语，所以love, buy, cry 和smile 都要变成不是动词的；那如何把动词变成不是东西呢？那就是分词（现在分词和过去分词）和不定式（to do）
什么时候变成现在分词？当动作表示主动时或动作进行；
什么时候变成过去分词？当动作表示被动时或动作完成
什么时候变成不定式？当动作表示目的或动作尚未发生时；
这就很简单了，所以以上不做谓语的动词就变成了：
to love/loving; to buy; crying; smiling
总结：这就是世界上为什么会有分词和不定式了。就是因为动词只能做谓语，谓语只能是动词，所以我们需要把不做谓语的动词变成不是动词。那分词和不定式能做什么成分呢？想一下----除了不能做谓语，什么成分都能做。
2 主语
1）谁能做主语
首先分词和不定式可以（上面已经讲过）
还有名词，代词eg he/a dog loves me;
由于从句比较复杂，这章内容不涉及从句，下面会一一讲解从句；
2) 不能无主
Eg应该采取措施保护运动员。
(×)Shouldn’t shun responsibilities.
时间地点不作主
这下雪了。（x）
这个问题政府已经重视。
（×）This issue the government has attached much importance to.
3）无主解决没有主语在译成英语时要加上主语。
1)被动
比如必须指出英语很重要
English must be pointed out to be important.
2)It
比如这里很冷。It is cold here.
3)There be
比如有很多人认为婚姻是爱情的坟墓。
There are many people who believe marriage is the end of love.
4)One/we
比如应当保护环境、
We should protect the environment.
3 宾语
首先分词和不定式可以（上面已经讲过）
还有名词和代词eg i love you/my boyfriend;
可以看出做宾语和主语的成分是完全一样的。
4 表语
首先还是分词和不定式
eg success is to get/getting what you want;
还有名词，代词eg i am a teacher/me
除此之外，还有形容词和介词短语
eg i am beautiful
i am in the office
总结：能做主语的词性都能做宾语，能做宾语的都能做表语，但是能做表语的成分有形容词和介词短语只能做表语，不能做宾语。
讲完第一讲，同学们认为分析长难句，先找什么？一定不是主语，因为能做主语的成分很多，并且有时很长，那找什么？那个有时态的动词，谓语；明白了这点，第一讲我们就成功了。
1. 【雅思长难句分析】1-5 雅思阅读长难句分析： 1 And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 2 Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of techno logy or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 3 How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and Appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 4 There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the Research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 5 Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s econom directly bound up with the efficiency of its
1.An alternative to this notion of genetic programming is to see the teacher-subjects’ actions as a result of the social environment under which the experiment was carried out. 2.An action such as shocking a victim, which in isolation appears evil, acquires a completely different meaning when placed in this setting. 3.Here we have two radically different explanations for why so many teacher-subjects were willing to forgo their sense of personal responsibility for the sake of an institutional authority figure. 4.That would matter less if people applied the same degree of skepticism to environmental lobbying as they do to lobby groups in other fields. 5.One form of pollution –the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming –does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem. 6.Thus, in this explanation the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures, surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority. 7. A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the carves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways. 8.Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that
2013考研英语基础班讲义 考研英语长难句解析 一、考研英语长难句之定语从句 一、定语从句 定语从句是英语中一种最常见的句型，它可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，即定语从句的关系词在文中修饰哪个词、短语或句子。在主句中不可缺少的定语从句称限定性定语从句。对主句起附加说明作用的定语从句称非限定性定语从句。此外，定语从句和主句之间还存在着状语关系，说明原因、目的、让步、假设等。 例1.The change met the technical requirement of the new age and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. (1996年真题) 例2.The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. 【只有一个指示代词those，一个管后面的两个词，所以goods and services是整体的，所以后面的that指代的是它们的整体】若在se前加these 会修饰se 例3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. 例4. The government promised to give preferential taxation policies and loans of low interest rate to those enterprises that could improve their structure of production and were willing to take in over 50 laid-off workers yearly. 条件（转翻译） 例5. The local government introduced the snakes into this area hoping that they would control the number of mice, which然而，不料finally became the threat needed to be controlled.（逻辑） 例6.The environmental protection should be given priority which means the economic development would be lowered to some extent in a developing country. 例7. She was confirmed to be infected with bird flu that calls for a quarantine and medical observation for weeks in the hospital. 例8.In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly
如何克服高考英语阅读理解中的长难句障碍-A 高考英语阅读理解题所选短文均选自英语原版文章，原汁原昧”，考生普遍感觉较难理解。那么，这些阅读材料到底难在哪儿呢除了生词量大、篇幅长、信息量大以外．就是短文中的句子结构较为复杂，搀杂了大量的长、难句。句法掌握不好的考生很难理清头绪，影响其对短文内容的理解。 1 When a woman's closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it was n’t unusual to hear a tan say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serous trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa． 2 He found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill，in Bedfordshire，and thought that he must have tried the hare in a place he knew well，but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773． 一、抓住结构引导词分析其长难句结构和功能 任何一个复杂长句都不外乎由一个或多个并列结构和复合句构成。并列结构一般有连词and，but，or等连接；复合句按其在句中的作用可分为名词性从句、形容词性从句(定语从句)和副词性从句(状语从句)三大类。任何一个复合句都有一个至几个反应逻辑、意义及结构关系的引导词，找出这些引导词就能分析出复合句的完整句子结构，清理出完整意义。平时要注意积累表示各种逻辑关系的连词和短语。表示目的： 《 so that，for the purpose that，in order that等；表示结果：so…that…，such…that…，as a result，therefore，thus等；表示条件：if，on condition that，unless等；表示原因：because，since，as等。 【例l】Another good thing about the use of noise-killing systems is that it saves the need for a silencer, which not only reduces the weight of a car, but also makes the motor burn less oil and work better．(NMETl995 C篇) 析：这是一个含有that引导的表语从句的复合句。并且表语从句后接了which 引导的非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句内有not only…but also…连接的并列结构。句意：噪音消除系统应用的另一好处就是没有必要使用消声器．这不仅减轻了轿车的重量。而且使发动机耗油更少，运转更好。 【例2】We even have different words for some tools, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming，while he upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating．(NMET2001D篇) 析：whether…or…表示判断选择的搭配结构，which 引出定语从句，指代前文中的事实，that引出同位语从句，while引出状语从旬，表示对比。句意：我们甚至用不同的词语来表示食物，特别是肉类，取决于它们是否还在田问里，还是即将就厨。这表明撒可逊农民干的是农活而上层的诺曼人干的是吃喝。 【例3】A Swedish Kennel Club official explains what this means: if your dog runs out on the road and gets hit by a passing car，as the owner，you have to pay for any damage done to the car，even if your dog has been killed in the accident．(NMETl997 C篇)
高考英语阅读理解长难句分析详解 第一节：找谓语，定主语 一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者（主语），我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句（并列谓语动词的情况除外）。如Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment --- although no one had proposed to do so and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. 【简析】此句中的谓语形式的动词及其对应的主语有：was opposed --he; ordered--he; (should) not be used ---federal--funds; had proposed --- no one; asked--he (asked前面有and, 说明asked与前面某个谓语动词并列，根据逻辑意义asked应与ordered并列)。这一句的主干为“he ordered... asked ....”, “Declaring that...”作状语。 句意：他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的蓄牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验——尽管还没有人建议这么做——他还请一个普林斯顿大学校长Harold Shapiro 为首的独立专家组在90天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。 第二节：提主干，去枝叶（从句等） 一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。如： First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the 17th century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and
精品文档 高考英语阅读理解长难句分析详解 吉林市第一中学孙家宁 一、找谓语，定主语 一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者（主语），我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句（并列谓语动词的情况除外）。如：Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans，he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment -although no one had proposed to do so and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. ［简析］此句中的谓语形式的动词及其对应的主语有：was opposed-he，ordered-he，（should）not be used-federal-funds，had proposed-no one，asked-he（asked前面有and，说明asked 与前面某个谓语动词并列，根据逻辑意义asked应与ordered并列）。这一句的主干为“he ordered...and asked...”，“Declaring that...”作状语。句意：他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的畜牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验——尽管还没有人建议这么做——他还请一个普林斯顿大学校长Harold Shapiro为首的独立专家组在90天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。 二、提主干，去枝叶（从句等） 一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。如：First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the 17th century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Eco-lab Polytechnique. ［简析］本句夹杂分词短语、动名词及两个定语从句。“First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the 17th century”为过去分词短语作状语；“including...”为介词短语作状语；“who made...and who had to...”为两个并列的定语从句，修饰a French woman scientist。所以句子的主干为the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds此为主要信息。句意：这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家Pierre de Format提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，其中包括一个法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展。为了能够在Ecolab Polytechnipue理工学院学习她曾女扮男装。 三、寻关联，辨逻辑 一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句。而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找准这些关联词，就能够分辨出句与句之间的逻辑关系，分别弄清主句的意义和从句的意义，则长句就容易对付得多了。要掌握此方法必须对英语中的常见的关联词谙熟于心。Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to 精品文档
考研英语长难句突破讲义 适用对象：考研学子，四级，六级英语学习或相当者。 课程目的：打破英语阅读学习的幻觉，真正获得一扇通向别样美丽世界的窗户，人生从此再无长难句。为英语写作夯实基础。 课程安排：方法论讲解；难句解析；考试实战演练 第一部分方法论讲解 引子我们为什么要精读句子 1.精读能力的要求（消除障碍的阅读） 自由笔记区目标：准确【重要】精读 2．泛读能力的要求（广泛获取信息的阅读） 目标：快速 技能：高职 阅读的实际过程是什么知识：本科 Input（英文）-mind（句子层面）-output（中文）思维：研究生 思想：博士 阅读在句子层面的障碍 1．含义 2．语序 简单句的障碍来源 简单句：只有一套谓语的句子 基本句型包括：主+谓，主+谓+宾，主+谓+双宾，主+谓+宾+宾补，主+系+表 定语，状语，同位语，插入语 简单句的障碍识别及处理方法 定语：在句子中修饰名词的成分problem-定义-细化-solution（思维方式） 前置定语：adj+名词 后置定语： 形容词短语：形容词+介词+名词this is a book useful for your future Ving a woman walked on the road Ved a painting painted by Jane n. + to do a way to solve the problem 介词短语：介词+名词a bottle of water on the table 表语形容词：alive a cat alive 解决方案：前置P．S：I want to be part of something big. Something属于不定代词。 【不定代词定语置后】 定语从句（不属于简单句范畴） 关系代词：人称代词：who whom which that as +非完整句 引导词物主代词：whose +完整句
高考阅读理解中对长难句的理解 高考英语阅读理解题所选短文均选自英语原版文章，原汁原昧”，考生普遍感觉较难理解。那么，这些阅读材料到底难在哪儿呢？除了生词量大、篇幅长、信息量大以外．就是短文中的句子结构较为复杂，搀杂了大量的长、难句。句法掌握不好的考生很难理清头绪，影响其对短文内容的理解。 1Whereas a woman's closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasn’t u nusual to hear a m an say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serous trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa． 一、抓住结构引导词分析其长难句结构和功能 任何一个复杂长句都不外乎由一个或多个并列结构和复合句构成。并列结构一般有连词and，but，or等连接；复合句按其在句中的作用可分为名词性从句、形容词性从句(定语从句)和副词性从句(状语从句)三大类。任何一个复合句都有一个至几个反应逻辑、意义及结构关系的引导词，找出这些引导词就能分析出复合句的完整句子结构，清理出完整意义。平时要注意积累表示各种逻辑关系的连词和短语。表示目的： so that，for the purpose that，in order that等；表示结果：so…that…，such…that…，as a result，therefore，thus等；表示条件：if，on condition that，unless等；表示原因：because，since，as等。 【例l】Another good thing about the use of noise-killing systems is that it saves the need for a silencer, which not only reduces the weight of a car, but also makes the motor burn less oil and work better． 【例2】We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming，while he upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating． 【例3】A Swedish Kennel Club official explains what this means: if your dog runs out on the road and gets hit by a passing car，as the owner，you have to pay for any damage done to the car，even if your dog has been killed in the accident． 【例4】First, I have to find the red ones among the leaves, which means I almost have to stand on my head，and once found I have to reach down and under, pick the tomatoes and withdraw (缩回) my full fist without dropping the prize SO dearly won． 【例5】It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers，although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when an e-mail is introduced，the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet． 【例6】Perhaps they will spend their days gollocking to make new spundlesor struggling with their ballalators through the circle, These words, which I have just made up, have to stand for tings and ideas that we simply can't think of． 二、抓主干、剔从句 一个句子的支架就是句中的谓语动词。根据英语中五种基本句型结构，把句子中的主语、宾语、表语等主要成分找出来，其他成分如定语、状语、补语等则一目了然易于理解。一些长句其实就是一个由主句和若干个状语从句
高考英语阅读理解长难句解析 第一部分：高中英语长难句解析 在阅读中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。 纵观历年高考英语试题，可以发现阅读文章中出现了许多结构复杂的句子。不难理解，命题者在句子难度上大做文章，无非是想通过增加句子长度和使用复杂结构来打断和干扰考生正常的阅读习惯和思维方式，从而达到考查考生综合阅读能力的目的。下面我们来了解长难句最常见的形式。一、复合从句 这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣，使得考生搞不清楚整个句子结构。其实，不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾结构(如: I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如:The man is a teacher.)。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。这些从句都很常见，考生比较熟悉，但很多时候不少考生分不清单词、短语和从句之间的相互关系，这样会导致整个句子分析混乱。 这时，考生应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。 二、分隔结构 为了调整语气和增加补充信息，更主要的是为了平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，使语义严密，结构紧凑，可将语法关系密切的两个句子成分用其他语法成分分隔开来，这就是所谓的分隔结构。考试中出现较多的是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。此外，还有一些句子成分（一般是定语）过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象，只不过它只是句子原有成分位置的调整，没有新增信息。 三、成分省略 在英语句子中，节约用词是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。成分省略一般和从句相结合，一正一反，使句子富于变化，增强表现力。 例如在以than，as引导的比较状语从句中，一些成分往往被省略，会给理解带来一定的影响，而且这类句子出现频率较高，考生需要熟记。
阅读难句分析 1. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader …conditioned mice to avoid saccharin by …with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. 分析：by短语有两个动名词短语：feeding them the sweetener和injecting them with a drug，而a drug的定语从句中又包含了“连词while+现在分词”结构。1）从语义方面看，conditioned意为“使…形成条件反射”， conditioned mice to avoid saccharin意为“使老鼠对排斥糖精形成条件反射”；2）the sweetener 指saccharin. 译文：1975年，罗切斯特大学医学院的心理学家Robert Ader在使老鼠对排斥糖精形成条件反射的试验中，喂食老鼠粮精的同时给它们注射了一种药剂，这种药在破坏老鼠免疫系统的同时还会引起腹痛。 2. Where is industry's and our recognition that protecting mankind's great treasure is the single most important responsibility？ 分析：主从复合句，that…responsibility是recognition的同位语从句，从句的主语是动名词短词protecting mankind's great treasure. 1）industry 此处指“公司，企业”。如前文中的industrial denial指“来自企业或公司的拒绝。2）the single most important 意为”惟一最重要的“，single在此表示强调。 译文：企业和我们个人什么时候才能意识到保护人类的资源宝藏是最最重要的责任呢？ 3. If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems， that time is now.
考研英语：语法长难句
目录 第一课奋斗的开始-简单句 (3) 一什么是英语句子？ (3) 二英语句子的基本结构 (3) 三句子的成分 (4) 四简单句的考点分析 (6) 第二课难点稍露尖尖角并列句 (9) 一什么是并列句？ (9) 二并列连词及与其同义的逻辑关系词 (9) 三并列句的考点分析 (9)
第一课奋斗的开始-简单句一什么是英语句子？ 英汉句法结构的差异 举例： ?北京机场就要到了。 ?我要去剪头。 二英语句子的基本结构 1.主谓 2.主谓宾 谓语：实义动词 3.主谓表 谓语：系动词 系动词主要分为以下六类： ?be ?感官动词：look, smell, taste, sound, feel ?变化：become, get, turn, grow, fall ?保持：keep, stay, remain, stand ?表象：seem, appear
?终止：prove 4.主谓双宾 5.主谓宾宾补 举例： ?I bought him a dog. ?You should keep the room clean and tidy. ?We made him our monitor. ?His father told him not to play in the street. 三句子的成分 1.谓语 1）谓语的成分： 举例： ?Your mother must very beautiful. 2）动词能不能多？ 举例 ?Laugh at others is my hobby. ?I enjoy see movies. ?My dream is become a rich lady. 练习 ?他穿上外衣，锁上门，离开了家。 ?大熊猫是熊科中最罕见的成员，主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。 ?长江流经不同的生态体系，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。 ?我爱你，你爱我。 ?冬天来了，春天就不远了。
如何理解高中英语阅读理解的长难句 摘要：句子理解，特别是长难句理解，是提高阅读能力的突破口。通过英语句法分析与阅读相结合、化长难句为简单句及特殊句型还原的技巧，加深对英语阅读理解中长难句的理解。 关键词：高中英语阅读理解长难句分析理解之法 《英语课程标准》明确提出“能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句”的阅读要求。从近年的高考题来看，所选短文均选自英语原版文章，除了生词量大、篇幅长以外，文中的句子结构也较为复杂，掺杂了大量长难句，考生普遍感觉较难理解。可见，难句理解是阅读理解的突破口。下面，我通过英语句法分析与阅读相结合、化长难句为简单句及特殊句型还原的技巧，谈谈英语阅读理解中长难句的理解。 一、运用句法知识与阅读相结合分析长难句 只有掌握英语的句法结构，才能进行正确的句法分析。在平时的学习中，对英语的固定句型和结构要牢记并掌握，并学会它们之间的转换，这样对长难句的理解就不会束手无策。根据英语中的五种基本句型结构，把句子中的主语、宾语、表语等主要成分找出来，其他成分如定语、状语、补语等则一目了然，易于理解。一些长句其实就是一个由主句和若干个从句组成的多层次主从复合句，一定要搞清主句和
从句之间的逻辑关系，只要把逻辑关系搞清楚了，长难句就好对付了。 例如：People think being an artist must be a wonderful way to earn one’s living .Of course，there are lots of great things about working for oneself，at home alone.分析：此句是个含有宾语从句的复合句。People think是主句，being an artist must be a wonderful way to earn one’living是谓语动词think的宾语从句，省略了连接词that，全句的结构为：主语+谓语动词+宾语从句，从句中，动名词短语being an artist作主语，must be 作谓语动词，a wonderful way to earn one’s living作表语，其基本句型为：主+系+表，动名词短语being an artist 作主语，不定式短语to earn one’living作定语，修饰way。 再如：Experts found people who played online games designed to improve their cognitive skills didn’t get any smar 60.分析：该句含有宾语从句、定语从句、后置定语，主句为experts found，省略了连接词that，其他就是宾语从句，而这个宾从又包含了定从：who played online games designed to improve their cognitive skills，修饰people，定语从句里还含有过去分词充当的后置定语：designed to improve their cognitive skills，用来修饰online games，只有通过这样的层层递进和分析，
2015考研英语基础班讲义 (语法长难句部分) 考研英语长难句解析 一、考研英语长难句之定语从句 一、定语从句 定语从句是英语中一种最常见的句型，它可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，即定语从句的关系词在文中修饰哪个词、短语或句子。在主句中不可缺少的定语从句称限定性定语从句。对主句起附加说明作用的定语从句称非限定性定语从句。此外，定语从句和主句之间还存在着状语关系，说明原因、目的、让步、假设等。 例1.The change met the technical requirement of the new age and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. (1996年真题) 例2. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise插入语或隐性定, market- oriented economy 分译in which在这种经济中consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.合译 例3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. 例4. The government promised to give preferential taxation policies and loans of low interest rate to those enterprises that could improve their structure of production and were willing to take in over 50 laid-off workers yearly. 例5. The local government introduced the snakes into this area hoping that they would control the number of mice, which finally became the threat needed to be controlled. 例 6.The environmental protection should be given priority which means the economic development would be lowered to some extent in a developing country.