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第八篇What Is a Dream
For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however， think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person’s mind and emotions.
Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.
The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud，was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person’s wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life. 1
The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by
词
汇：
ps
yc
ho
lo
gi
st
/
sa
kl?dst /
n．心理学家
psychiatrist
/sai'
kai?trst/
n．精神病学
家(医生)
Austrian /
strn /
adj．奥
地利的
gender /
dend
/ n．性
别
注释：
．Sigmund Freud西格蒙德弗洛伊德（1856—1939)，犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。精神分析学派的创始人。他认为被压抑的欲望绝大部分是属于性的，性的扰乱是精神病的根本原因。着有《性学三论》《梦的释义》《图腾与禁忌》《日常生活的心理病理学》《精神分析引论》《精神分析引论新编》等。1
．Carl Jung：卡尔荣格，瑞士着名精神分析专家，分析心理学的创始人。2
．For example, the people in men’s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighti ng. This is not true of women’s dreams.例如，男人做梦会梦到男人，并且常与打斗有关； 3