慕课英文写作中英对照
Everyone’s going MOOC-crazy these days. From frequent media coverage of online courses and platforms like Coursera, edX, Udacity, and Udemy to discussions about the complexities and business models of online education, the excitement around MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) has finally “bubbled”over.
在最近的这些日子里，MOOC 让每个人为之疯狂。在媒体对在线课程及诸如Coursera, edX, Udacity, Udemy 这些平台的大规模报道，以及关于其复杂性和商业模式的各种讨论之后，围绕MOOC 的各种兴奋终于归于平静。
The question is not just whether MOOCs are going to disrupt traditional education, but how. Is it just about lower costs and access? Is it really going to be a
Napster-like moment with entrenched “Teamsters in tweed”worried about the erosion of their research, publishing, and teaching?
但当前的问题已不是MOOC 是否会颠覆传统教育，而是会如何颠覆传统教育。难道MOOC 的优势仅在于更低的成本和更便捷的学习渠道？MOOC 真会如某些老顽固所言，侵蚀他们的研究、出版和教学活动，造就诸如当年Napster颠覆音乐行业的时刻？
This is where we can leave the realm of hype and commentary to draw on our own years of research into disruption theory. Because the curious thing about the MOOC wave of disruption is that the market leaders —not just upstarts from the edges —are the ones pioneering it. And that rarely happens.
在关于MOOC 的各种炒作和评论之外，我们得以分享我们自己就颠覆性创新的多年研究。因为，这一波由MOOC 掀起的颠覆式浪潮中有一点足让人好奇，即那些处于市场中心的
既得利益者，而不仅仅是那些处于市场边缘的创业团队，在率先引导（制造）这样一个变革，而这种情况，此前很少发生。
But First: Are MOOCs Really ‘Disruptive’?
Yes, the word “disrupt”is overused. But it has a specific meaning when we’re talking about it. And MOOCs do bear the early hallmarks of a disruptive innovation: 首先，MOOC果真在“颠覆”吗？
没错，“颠覆”这个词已经被用烂了。不过，这个被用烂的词背后实际有其指代，我们说MOOC 是颠覆式的，也确实名正言顺，原因有三：
Serves non-consumers. MOOCs are limited in the services they provide compared to traditional colleges, yet at the same time they are free and more accessible —which allows them to serve those who couldn’t otherwise access traditional higher education. Similarly, Toyota’s early cars didn’t match the reliability of Detroit’s automobiles. But they were more affordable and convenient, so the company first served people (“non-consumers”) for whom the alternative was, quite literally, nothing.
1.非目标客户终于被包括进来：跟传统高校的服务相比，MOOC 确有很多不足之处。但与此同时，MOOC 的各类课程却是免费的，而且也更容易获取——这就使得它们可以辐射到那些原本无福消受高等教育的一大群用户。举个类似的例子，丰田早期的汽车就没有底特律各大公司产的可靠性那么强，但因为丰田的车子更便宜也更方便，所以这家公司第一次让那些非目标客户变成了目标客户——对这部分用户来说，几乎不存在其他公司提供的可行方案。
Marches upmarket. Instead of serving the same customers at the outset or competing head-on with established products, disruptive innovations improve over time to march upmarket. Eventually the quality becomes just good enough for the established customers to flock to it. It’s worth noting that the upmarket march is enabled by some key technology —such as bandwidth, video quality, online sharing tools, etc. —which is why MOOCs may now be having their moment, even though they’ve been around for years.
2.逐渐向中高端市场挺进：颠覆性创新往往不是一开始上来就跟既得利益者抢客户、与其正面较量，而是随着时间的推进不断优化，逐渐挺进中高端市场。但最终，颠覆性产品的性能会达到足够好，让市场中既有的客户乖乖奔向他们。不过需要注意的一点是，实现上述这种情况往往有赖于某些核心技术的成熟——比如说带宽、视频质量、在线分享工具的保障等——这些都是MOOC 现在崛起的原因，尽管它们已经存在了数年。
Redefines quality. Eventually, the disruptive innovation changes the very definition of quality in a marketplace. In the current university system, for example, most faculty are rewarded for the quality of their research —not for the quality of their teaching. But the medium and scale changes things; in the future, courses might be offered based on employer demand, not faculty research interests. MOOCs are already evolving in some ways away from traditional educational constraints: Udacity’s courses, for example, have shifted from a time-controlled to a morecompetency-based learning model that takes advantage of the online medium.
3.重新定义什么叫好：最终，颠覆性创新会改变整个市场对于“品质”的定义。在现有的大学体系下，举个例子，大部分教师的评级标准都是基于他们的学术研究质量——而非他们的教学质量。但是，互联网媒介和规模化将开启新的变革。在未来，提供哪些课程将取决于雇主（这里指付费的学生），而非教师的研究兴趣。目前，MOOC 已经在几个方向上摆脱传统教育束缚逐渐演变：举个例子，Udacity 的课程就开始发挥在线媒介的优势，从一个基于时间控制的学习模式转向一个基于个人能力的学习模式（按学生的掌握情况而非简单地依照学时推进课程）。
Does Who Is Doing the Disrupting Matter?
Given the above criteria, it’s unusual, and remarkably difficult, for established market leaders to pioneer —or even catch up —with disruptions.
到底谁在牵头搞颠覆，这事重要吗？
基于上述的三个标准，让市场中固有的既得利益者做变革的先驱者，甚至说是赶上颠覆的节奏，这种情况不但不常见，而且困难重重。
Yet interestingly, the big, reputable universities are the ones leading the MOOC wave. This includes MIT and Harvard (through edX) as well as Stanford, whose groundbreaking AI course morphed into Udacity (and whose professors independently founded Coursera).
但很有意思的一点是，现在恰是那些牛哄哄的大学在引领这样一波变革浪潮，这其中就包括MIT 和哈佛（通过edX 的项目），以及斯坦福，后者的突破性人工智能课程逐渐演变成了今时的Udacity，而斯坦福的教授也自立门户，创建了Coursera。
It’s not that established players can’t see the disruptions coming; they almost always do. There are just several other forces at play that cause market leaders to ignore them. For example, disruptive innovations don’t look that attractive, profitable, or prestigious early on. Or the company’s best customers signal that they don’t care for them (at least initially). But universities are likely investing in MOOCs now because disruption theory is finally widely enough understood that astute leaders know how to identify and chase opportunities early.
大伙儿可能存在一个普遍误解，即认为那些记得利益者无法预见颠覆的到来，但事实上，他们几乎每次都可以，只是，存在其他的几个因素使得已有的市场领跑者对其疏落。举个例子，颠覆性创新在早期看起来往往不那么诱人、有利可图、或享有很高的声望；也可能，该家公司中最有价值的那部分客户表示对它不感兴趣（起码是在一开始）。但是，现在各个高校倾向于投资MOOC，则是因为历史的一次次重演终于让“颠覆性”理论广为人知，而那些精明的领先者也知道如何在早期就去判断、争取各种机会。
When established players want to (successfully) catch a disruptive wave, however, they have to set up an autonomous business model with different resources, processes, and priorities. Otherwise, the very capabilities that serve them well in their traditional business can represent liabilities in the one they’re disrupting. This is how IBM was able to go from the mainframe to personal computing business in the ’80s and ’90s, and it’s why MOOCs have done well in spinning themselves off into separate entities.
不过，假如既得利益者想要成功地抓住一次颠覆性浪潮中的机会，那么他们必须单独开辟与他们既有业务不同的，在资源、流程、优先级等方面都独立的商业模式——否则，让他们
在传统业务中吃香喝辣的各种流程很有可能会成为新型的颠覆性业务中的拖油瓶。IBM 就是依靠这么一个独立战略，成功在上世纪八九十年代从大型机转型PC 业务，这也是为什么MOOC 可以从母体（高等院校）脱离成为独立实体的原因。
Although the big three MOOCs —Coursera, edX, and Udacity —all leverage capabilities from their “parent”universities, they still have to be careful about which ones to adopt and which ones to avoid. Ideally, they should be able to pull what they want instead of having their university parents push resources (like administrative processes) to them.
尽管目前MOOC 的三座大山Coursera, edX, and Udacity 全部都利用了母体的资源，但它们仍需要谨慎处理，到底哪些模式是可以吸收的，哪些是需要回避的。在理想情况下，它们应该要掌握自主权，从母体中抽取它们想要的那部分资源，而非由母体强制输送（比如各种陈旧的行政制度）。
The only place the direction of this relationship doesn’t matter, according to our research, is brand. Being associated with the likes of Harvard, MIT, and Stanford doesn’t hurt, especially when it comes to signaling quality (i.e., “endorser”brands), as long as the disruptor can signal some separation for a job well done (i.e., “purpose”brands) in the new disruptive realm —hence the power of the “X”in edX. Leveraging its brand helped IBM move through multiple disruptive waves. 基于我们的研究，在MOOC 尝试对自己跟母体的关系趋利避害时，唯一无须顾忌的一个方向是“品牌”。公众将某个MOOC 平台与哈佛、MIT 和斯坦福这样的高校联系在一起，对这些平台并无伤害，尤其是谈到教学品质时（即所谓的背书人品牌)，只要颠覆者可以说明，在新的颠覆领域，他们所做的事与既有模式不同即可（即所谓的目标品牌）——而这
也就是edX 中“X”这个字母背后的力量（x 是数学中的一个变量，代表参与高校的数量，edX 背后影射的是一流高校联盟，即说明高校品牌的巨大影响力）。IBM 就是巧用了自身品牌的力量，成功突破几次颠覆性浪潮。
So What Comes Next for the MOOCs?
MOOCs can be much more than marketing and edutainment. We believe they are likely to evolve into a “scale business”: one that relies on the technology and data backbone of the medium to optimize and individualize learning opportunities for millions of students.
所以，MOOC将走向何方？
MOOC 可不仅仅是营销和寓教于乐。我们认为，它们很有可能会演变成“规模化的业务”，这一业务会依赖互联网媒介的技术和数据，让成千上万学生的学习机会得以实现最优化、个性化。
This is very different than simply putting a video of a professor lecturing online.
The initial MOOCs came from a “process business model”where companies bring inputs together at one end and transform them into a higher-value output for customers at the other end —as with the retail and manufacturing industries.
这跟简单将教授的一个讲座视频放到网上完全是两码事。
最初的MOOC 还依赖于一个“流程型的商业模式”，即教育公司将所有内容输入聚于一端，然后将这些内容转化成价值更高的输出提供给另一端的客户——这跟零售和制造业是一样的。
But over time, an approach where users exchange information from each other similar toFacebook or telecommunications (a “facilitated network model”) will come to dominate online learning. This evolution is especially likely to happen if the traditional degree becomes irrelevant and, as many predict, learning becomes a continuous, on-the-job learning process. Then the need for customization will drive us toward just-in-time mini-courses.
但随着时间的推移，用户间自主交换信息的模式，诸如用户间在Facebook 上互动，或远程通讯互动一样（类似开放平台的概念），将会逐渐统治在线教育。这种演变很有可能会发生——假如，正如很多人预言的那样，传统的学位制度退居二位，个体的学习变成一个连续性的、终身式的过程。那么，对个性化的需求将驱动我们选择那些基于JIT 准时制（丰田在20 世纪60 年代实行的一种生产方式，可理解为在需要的时候，按需要的量生产所需的产品）的迷你课程。
In this case, facilitated networks or adaptive learning platforms —like Khan Academy and Knewton —may actually be better positioned than MOOCs (in their
current forms) to improve learning and serve massive numbers of students with tailored offerings. Such a transformation is not unlike what happened in the car industry: The Ford Model T dominated the American car market …until General Motors brought forth choice and variety.
在这种情况下，促进式网络（facilitated networks）或那些自适应的学习平台——比如像可汗学院和Knewton这样的，通过为学生量身定制的产品，就可能比MOOC（就他们现有的模式而言）更好地服务于学生、促进学习。这种转变跟汽车行业业已发生的变革类似：先前，福特的Model T 一直统治着美国的汽车市场，直到通用带来了第四代的、更多样化的选择。
景点中英文对照 加德满都Katchmandu 杜巴广场Durbar Square 泰米尔区Thamel 独木庙Kasthamandap 阿育王比纳亚克寺Ashok Binayak 马居德瓦尔庙Maju Deval 活女神庙Kumari Bahal 纳拉扬神庙Trailokya Mohan Narayan Temple 湿婆神庙Shiva－Parvati Temple 老皇宫Gaddhi Baithak 巴格沃蒂神庙Bhagwati Temple 天黑神庙Krishna Temple 马拉国王雕像King Pratap Malla's Column 佳格纳特神庙Jagannath Temple 因陀罗神庙Indrapur Temple 毗湿奴神庙Vishnu Temple 卡科喜瓦神庙Kakeshwar Temple 玛哈德神庙Kotilingeshwar Mahadev Temple 玛哈德喜瓦神庙Mahendreshwar Temple 哈努曼多卡宫Hanuman Dhoka 三圣庙Three Goddesses Temple 必穆森塔Bhimsen Tower 火葬台 Pachali Bhairab & The Southern Ghats 博达哈大佛塔Boudha 猴庙Swayambhunath 大钟Great Bell 塔莱珠女神庙Taleju Temple 大鼓Great Drums 大天黑寺Mahakala Temple 寇特广场 Kot Square 阿山街Asan Tole 白贝拉伯Seto Bhairab 坎提路Kanti Path 黑贝拉伯Kala Bhairab 奇异街Freak Street 圣毗湿奴神庙Mahavishnu Temple 帕坦古城Patan 比姆森寺Bhimsen Temple 曼嘉喷泉Manga Hiti 黑天神庙Krishna Mandir 嘉格纳那扬神庙Jagannarayan Temple 塔莱珠女神庙Taleju Temple 帕坦国王雕像柱King Yoganarendra Malla's Statue 拜伊德嘉寺Bhai Dega Temple 皇宫和博物馆Royal Palace & Patan Museum 桑里连宫院Sundari Chowk 库玛喜瓦神庙Kumbeshwar Temple 比斯瓦卡拉神庙Bishwakarma Temple 乌玛马赫希瓦神庙Uma Maheshwar Temple 千佛塔Mahabouddha Temple 乌库巴哈尔寺Uku Bahal 八角库里须那庙Chyasin Deval 贾瓦克尔Jawalkhel 普尔乔基山Phulchowki 金庙Golden Temple 毗湿瓦纳神庙Vishwanath Temple 玛辰赫拉纳特神庙Rato Machhendranath Temple 哈里桑卡庙Shankar Temple 哈卡宫Haka Bahal 塔莱珠钟Taleju Bell 帕坦动物园The Central Zoo 慕尔宫院Mul Chowk 巴克塔普尔古城Bhaktapur 象庙Erotic Elephants Temple 国王雕像柱King Bhupatindra Malla's Column 55窗宫Window Palace 库里须那庙Chyasilin Mandapa 加德满都杜巴广场（Kathmandu Durbar Square）200RS/人，如需在此逗留几天，需在SITE OFFICE办理相关手续（需要照片一张），便可凭证无限次进出。 加都的“猴庙”斯瓦扬布寺（Swayambhunath）门票100RS/人 加都的帕斯帕那提神庙（Pashupatinath）250RS/人 博卡拉（Pokhara）的萨朗科（Sarangkot）门票25RS/人。 巴德岗门票750RS/人，对南亚组织成员国、中国游客有巨额的优惠（买票时要出示护照），50RS/人，如需在此逗留几天，也需告知售票处，办理相关手续，便可凭票无限次进出。 帕坦杜巴广场（Patan Durbar Square），130RS/车，帕坦门票200RS/人。
Recommendation of Tourist Attractions Below is just the recommendation of tourist places about Suzhou & Shanghai . Tourist Attractions(景点) Suzhou(苏州) 1.Humble Administrator's garden （拙政园） The Humble Administrator's Garden (Chinese: 拙政园; pinyin: Zhuōzhèng yuán; Suzhou Wu: is a Chinese garden in Suzhou, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most famous of the gardens of Suzhou. The garden is located at 178 Dongbei Street (东北街178号). At 51,950 m2, it is the largest garden in Suzhou and is considered by some to be the finest garden in all of southern China. See the pictures as below: Learn more from Website or Wikipedia. 2.The Lion Grove Garden (狮子林) The Lion Grove Garden (simplified Chinese: 狮子林园; traditional Chinese: 獅子林園; pinyin: Shī Zǐ Lín Yuán; Suzhou Wu: Sy tsy lin yoe is a garden located at 23 Yuanlin Road in Pingjiang District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. The garden is famous for the large and labyrinthine grotto of taihu rocks at its center.
中国著名旅游景点英文介绍 1. The Great wall The Great Wall, located in northern China, is 6,700 kilometers long and thus known as the “10,000-li Great Wall”. Construction of the wall went on for more than 2,000 years, from 7th century to 14th century AD. The wall has b ecome a symbol of both China’s proud history and its present strength. 2. The Palace Museum The Palace Museum, also called the Forbidden City, is located in the center of Beijing. The imperial palace used by emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties is the largest and most complete ancient wooden-structure building in the world. Construction of the Forbidden City started in 1406 and lasted 14 years. 24 emperors were enthroned there. 3. Zhoukoudian: Home of the Peking Man Remains of the Peking Man (homo erectus) are located on the Dragon Bone Hill at Zhoukoudian Village, Fangshan District, Beijing. In the 1920s, archaeologists discovered the complete skull of Peking Man. Later, more skull bones as well as stone and bone instruments were unearthed. Peking Man lived 690,000 years ago,
Shanghai 2010 is going to attract the world’s attention, as the World Expo is going to be held there. Is Shanghai travel on your schedule[时间表] yet? Have you planned what to do in this highly cosmopolitan[世界性的] financial city of China? As a Chinese who travels to Shanghai frequently, here is my suggested list of the top ten things to do in Shanghai. “Shanghai at Night”is famous in China and worldwide. The Bund[外滩] is the most famous and attractive sight there. The best time to admire the Bund is after dark when all the buildings are lit up, creating an extremely colourful and breathtaking[激动人心的] scene. There are 52 blocks[大楼] –comprised[由……组成] of banks, hotels, MNC[即multinational corporation,跨国公司] headquarters –of different architectural[建筑的] styles including Gothic, Baroque, Romanesque, Classicism and the Renaissance. The stunning[极漂亮的] views there attract not only visitors but film producers as well. There are two ways to admire the Bund. 世博会开幕在即,2010年的上海必将受到世界的关注。你将游览上海列入日程表了吗?在中国这个世界级金融中心里,你打算做些什么呢?作为一名经常到访上海的中国人,我推荐以下十件最值得做的事情。 “夜上海”中外驰名。外滩是那里最出名、最吸引人的景点。欣赏外滩的最佳时间是天黑以后,这时所有建筑物都亮起了灯,营造出一片色彩斑斓、引人入胜的景象。这里有52幢大楼——包括银行、酒店和跨国企业总部——建筑风格各异,有哥特式、巴洛克式、罗马式、古典式和文艺复兴式等风情。外滩壮观的景色不仅吸引了游客,还吸引了众多电影人前来取景。 游览外滩的方式一般有两种。 Admire the Bund by Cruise [航行] 乘船游览外滩 There are lots of sightseeing cruises that let you view the beautiful Bund every night. Make sure to go on one of these cruises. 这里每晚都有很多观光游船让你欣赏外滩的美景,记得去坐坐这些游船哦。 Admire the Bund on the West Bank of the Huangpu River 在黄浦江西岸欣赏外滩 Take a relaxing walk on the walking corridor[走廊] along the Bund. Or you can drive along the Huangpu river bank and stop by the end of the Bund near the Russian Consulate[领事馆] where you can overlook[远眺] the Oriental[东方的] Pearl TV Tower on the opposite bank. You are not able to take good photos on board a cruise, so this is the best spot for you to take plenty of beautiful photos of Shanghai. 沿着外滩走廊轻松自在地散散步吧。或者沿着黄浦江驾车游览,在接近外滩尽头的俄罗斯领事馆附近停下来,远眺对岸的东方明珠电视塔。在游船上很难拍到好照片,所以这里是让你拍到大量漂亮照片的
Pe a r l Tower Shanghai The Oriental Pearl Tower is a in , . The Oriental Pearl Tower is located at the tip of in the district, by the side of , opposite of . It was designed by the Shanghai Modern Architectural Design Co. Ltd. Principal designers are Jiang Huan Chen, Lin Benlin and Zhang Xiulin. Construction began in 1990 and the tower was completed in 1994. At 468 m (1,535 feet) high, it was the tallest structure in (excluding ; see ) from 1994 - 2007, when it was surpassed by the . The spheres in the tower The tower features 11 spheres, big and small. The two largest spheres, along the length of the tower, have diameters of 50 m (164 ft) for the lower and 45 m (148 ft) for the upper. They are linked by three columns, each 9 m(30 ft) in diameter. The highest sphere is 14 m(46 ft) in diameter. The entire building is supported by three enormous that start underground. Observation levels The tower has fifteen observatory levels. The highest (known as the Space Module) is at 350 m (1148 ft). The lower levels are at 263 m (863 ft) (Sightseeing Floor) and at 90 m (295 ft) (Space City). There is a at the 267 m (876 ft) level. The project also contains exhibition facilities, restaurants and a shopping mall. There is also a 20-room hotel called the Space Hotel between the two large spheres. Antenna spire An , broadcasting TV and radio programs, extends the construction by another 118 m (387 ft) to a total height of 468 m (1,535 ft). Chinese symbolism in the design The design of the building is said to be based on a verse of the poem Pipa Song by about the wonderful sprinkling sound of a instrument, like pearls, big and small falling on a plate. However, the designer Jiang Huancheng says that he did not have the poem in mind when designing the tower. It
上海市著名经典旅游景点排名 上海综合文库信息 : 《[经典]2015年上海市旅游景点排名及攻略大全1【1--50】【1】》由66test综合文库频道友情收集整理，来源于网络，仅供参考： 45个景点 一（1--10） 外滩The Bund 72%去过上海的驴友来过这里上海景点排名第1 外滩，旧上海的金融中心，聚集着上海地标性的建筑，是去上海观光游客的必到之地。 2 南京路步行街 57%去过上海的驴友来过这里上海景点排名第2 南京路步行街是上海著名的购物场所，来这里你既能感受到旧时代的烙印，又能感受到新时代的发展。 3 豫园Yu Garden 49%去过上海的驴友来过这里上海景点排名第3 豫园，建于明朝，原为一座私家园林。充分的展示了江南园林的美。
4 上海城隍庙 52%去过上海的驴友来过这里上海景点排名第4 上海城隍庙，展现了老上海的沧桑巨变。在其附近有很多上海特色小吃。 5 田子坊 38%去过上海的驴友来过这里上海景点排名第5 田子坊是不少艺术家的创意工作基地，在这里可以看到许多富有创意的工作室。 6 东方明珠广播电视塔The Oriental Pearl TV Tower Of Shanghai 40%去过上海的驴友来过这里上海景点排名第6 东方明珠广播电视塔，亚洲第一，世界第三高塔，是上海的地标之一。
7 杜莎夫人蜡像馆Madame Tussauds Amsterdam Shang Hai 25%去过上海的驴友来过这里上海景点排名第7 杜莎夫人蜡像馆，在这里你可以看到许多与真人无异的蜡像。如果有你喜欢的明星蜡像。不妨合个影。 8 世博公园Expo 2010 19%去过上海的驴友来过这里上海景点排名第8 第41届世界博览会来上海举办，在这里你可以看到科技的发展速度已超过你的想象。
中国著名景点的英文导游词 39;s different views on death. Beijing nomads came from the Mongolian steppe. Mongols who established the Yuan Dynasty held the belief that they had come from: earth. they adopted a simple funeral method: the dead was placed inside a hollowed nanmu tree, which was then buried under grassland. Growth of grass soon left no traces of the tombs. By contrast, during the Ming Dynasty established by Han Chinese coming from an agricultural society in central China, people believed the existence of an after-world, where the dead "lived" a life similar to that of the living. Ming emperor, therefore, has grand mausoleums built for themselves. Qing rulers did likewise. The stone archway at the southern end of the Sacred Way, built in 1540, is 14 metres high and 19 metres wide, and is decorated with designs of clouds, waves and divine animals. Well-proportioned and finely carved, the archway is one of the best preserved specimens of its kink in the Ming Dynasty. It is also the largest ancient stone archway in China. The Stele Pavilion, not far from the Great Palace Gate, is actually a pavilion with a double-eaved roof. On the back of the stele is carvedpoetry written by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty when he visited the Ming Tombs. The Sacred Way inside the gate of the Ming Tomb is lined with 18 pairs of stone human figures and animals. These include four each of three types of officials: civil, military and meritorious officials, symbolizing those who assist
上海著名景点中英文对照 作者：未知来源：网络发布时间：2010-4-2 18:18:49 南京路步行街Nanjing Road, Pedestrian Street 南京路商业街Nanjing Road Shopping Street 上海大剧院Shanghai Grand Theater 上海影城Shanghai Film Art Center 上海马戏城Shanghai Circus World 浦东国际机场Pudong International Airport 豫园商城Yuyuan Shopping Center 上海老街Shanghai Traditional Street 外滩风景View along the bund 上海展览中心Shanghai Exhibition Center 东方明珠电视塔Oriental Pearl TV Tower 高速公路Expressway 上海体育场Shanghai Sports Center 浦东陆家嘴核心区全景The Panorama of Lujiazui Center Area 玉佛寺Jade Buddha Temple 龙华寺Long Hua Temple 上海博物馆Shanghai Museum 上海体育馆Shanghai Stadium 上海华联商厦Shanghai Hualian Commercial Building 上海第一百货商店Shanghai No.1 Department Store 上海动物园Shanghai Zoo 上海野生动物园Shanghai Wildlife Park
金茂大厦Jinmao Building/Tower 轻轨elevated railway, light rail 天桥over-pass 不夜城sleepless city 磁悬浮列车maglev train (magnetically levitated train); magnetic suspension train 大都市metropolis; cosmopolis; metropolitan city; cosmopolitan city 东方明珠塔Oriental Pearl TV Tower 东海之滨的明珠the pearl on the coast of the East China Sea 高架公路elevated highway; overhead highway 高架立交桥overhead viaduct 国际展览局BIE International Bureau of Exhibitions 历史文化名城a famous historic and cultural city 龙华寺Longhua Temple 内环线the inner ring; the inner belt way; the inner loop 浦东新区Pudong New Area 轻轨火车light rail train; elevated rail train 上海合作组织SCO Shanghai Cooperation Organization 上海五国第六次峰会the sixth summit of “Shanghai Five” 上海五国机制the Shanghai Five mechanism 上海合作组织Shanghai Cooperation Organization (a six-member group founded in 2001 that includes Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan). 申博成功successful bid for World Expo 投资热点a hot/ popular investment destination 万国建筑博览exhibition / gallery of International Architecture
中国著名景点的英文导游词 北京故宫博物院英文导游词 Hello, everyone, We are now going to pay a visit to a place of special interest. This scenic spot is locate0hello, everyone, we are now going to pay a visit to a place of special interest. this scenic spot is located at the center of beijing and is characterized by thousands of palatial architectures and purple walls as well as yellow glazed tile roofs- it is simply a sea of palaces. this is the world – famous wonder – the palace museum. the palace museum has served as the royal residence during the ming and qing dynasties. it was here that a total of 24 monarchs ascended the throne and wielded power for some 500 years. the palace museum, as the most beautiful spot of interest throughout beijing, is unique for its location: to the northwest is beihai(north sea) park, famous for its white pagoda and rippling lake; to the west is the zhongnahai (central and south sea); to the east lies the the wangfujing shopping street; and to the north id jinshan park. standing in the wanchun (everlasting spring) pavilion at the top of jingshan(charcoal hill) park, you overlook the skyline of the palace museum. at the southern end of the palace is tian` anmen (gate of heavenly peace) and the famous square named after it . this is the symbol of the people` s republic of china. a world-famous historical site, the palace museum is on the world heritage list of unesco and is an embodiment of oriental civilization. the palace museum is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, covering a space of 720,000 square meters of which 150,000 is building area . it has 9000-strong rooms in it . according to legend there are 9999.5 room-units in all .the whole compound is enclosed by a 10-meter-hign wall and is accessed through four entrances, namely, the meridian gate in the south ,the gate of military prowess in the north, donghua(eastern flowery ) gate in the north, donghua ( eastern flowery) gate in the east and xihua(western flowery ) gate in the west. on each corner there is a turret consisted of 9 roof beams, 18 pillars and 72 ridge . encircling the compound there is a 3,800-meter-long and 52 meter-wide moat, making the palace museum a self-defensive city-within-a city. 赵州桥英语导游词
上海景点旅游英语介绍 shanghai travel 时间:2009-04-06 10:33来源:作者:投稿收藏:收藏本文 Shanghai Travel and Tours Guide (ZT) 描写上海的一个景点的英语文章 1500--2000个单词左右，要描写上海的一个景点（如外滩，浦东东方明珠...等），要英语文章 Located at the center of the mainland's coastline, Shanghai has long been a major hub of communica Shanghai Travel and Tours Guide (ZT) 描写上海的一个景点的英语文章 1500--2000个单词左右，要描写上海的一个景点（如外滩，浦东东方明珠...等），要英语文章 Located at the center of the mainland's coastline, Shanghai has long been a major hub of communications, transportation, and international exchange. The municipality covers an area of 6,341 square kilometers and has a population of more than 13.5 million.Shanghai is China's largest economic comprehensive industrial base, and a famous historical and cultural city. The city consistently attracts investment and is seen as an ideal venue for business gatherings. It is also a must on any agenda during a tour of China. Shanghai has fostered a comprehensive transportation network that incorporates land, sea, and air travel, as well as a convenient urban transportation system. More than 300 airlines serve the city, proving direct flights to more than 20 countries and regions. The addition of the Shanghai Pudong International Airport, which went into operation in 1999, is expected to increase the annual passenger volume to some 20 million. https://www.doczj.com/doc/074771693.html, Special tourist trains running between Shanghai and the neighboring provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, as well as tourist bus routes along newly-constructed expressways, offer great convenience for regional travel. Shanghai has more than 400 travel agencies to assist visitors, and the 127 star-rated hotels offer a total of 40, 000 guest rooms. Visitors to Shanghai are not only dazzled by the modern metropolis and gateway to a developing China, but are also able to immerse themselves in the unique Shanghai culture, a combination of Chinese and Western elements. Colorful festivals and celebrations dot the yearly Shanghai activities calendar, such as the Shanghai Nanhui Peach Blossoms Festival, Shanghai International Tea Culture Festival and Shanghai China International Art Festival. Shanghai has also introduced special tour packages aimed at the different interests of visitors, such as bicycling tours, hiking tours, gourmet tours,
China, with a history of more than five thousand years, is a treasure house of innumerable ancient architectural delights. One must visit all these places to relive the history and traditions of Chinese culture. The famous historical places of China are: ?The Great Wall of China ? The Forbidden City ? The Temple of Heaven ? Yungang Grottoes ? Xidi and Hongcun Villages ? The Summer Palace ? The Old Town of Pingyao ? Taoist Buildings on Mount Wudang ? The Confucian Temple, Cemetery and Family Mansio n in Qufu ? Classic Gardens in Suzhou ? The Ancient Town of Lijiang ? The Mausoleum of the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty and Terracotta Warriors and Horses The Great Wall of China- In around 220 B.C ., under Qin Shi Huang , sections of earlier defense walls were joined together to form a united defense system against invasions from the north. Thus, the Great Wall became the world's largest military structure . Its historic and planned importance is matched only by its architectural implication. The Forbidden City - Also called the Imperial Palace, the Forbidden City is located in the heart of Beijing city. It was the palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the last two feudal periods of the Chinese history. Completed in 1911, the layout, size, color and the overall decorations including furniture reflect the order of the rule and demonstrate the supremacy of the imperial power and the strict hierarchic system. The Temple of Heaven- Situated in the southern part of Beijing is China's
Dear Derke, The following is the Shanghai travel guides and matters needing attention for you，you can as reference ： 1. Town God's Temple (城隍庙) Shanghai god’s temple, it’s the ancient Chinese palace architecture, Consists of nine palaces . There are a lot of native delicious food, feel the Shanghai local culture . Address: Huangpu district 218 AnRen street or square city road N0. 249. Bus: 11, 42, 64, 66, 64, 945, 911, 926 road, etc. Can be reached. 2. Shanghai Bund (外滩) The bund like as a recent history of china, so have to go visit it , Has the sense of history and culture, The Bund has dozens of historical European colonial buildings lining against the Huangpu river that once housed numerous banks from Britain, France, USA, Russia, Germany, Japan, The Netherlands and Belgium. 3. The Eastern pearl broadcasts the television tower(东方明珠塔)