一、语态
（一）综述
语态（voice）是一种动词形式，表示主语与谓语动词所表示的动作之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态（active voice）和被动语态（passive voice）。
英语被动语态是由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。被动语态的时态变化借助动词be来实现。助动词be要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。
被动语态常用语下列几种情况：
1. 无需指出动作的执行者或动作执行者不明确时。例如：
Printing was introduced into Europe from China.
Rome was not built in a day.
2. 为强调动作的承受者时。例如：
Four people were killed and thirty-one injured in the bomb attack.
3. 为了修辞的需要。例如：
He started to complain about this wicked（缺德的）world but was interrupted by a knock at the door.
Yesterday he visited our university and was welcomed by the President.
（二）重点
1. 除及物动词外，一些相当于及物动词的短语动词也可使用被动语态形式，除个别情况，短语动词一般不拆开使用。例如：
This matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.
2. 不及物动词（或相当于一个不及物动词的短语动词）和表示状态的动词（或短语动词）无被动语态形式，如：happen, rise, occur, take place, break out等；以及lack, fit, suit, equal, become, resemble(相似), befall（降临到）, consist of, look like等。例如：
The story took place in 1949.
3. 将主动语态形式改为被动语态形式时，如遇到动词后跟双宾语的情况，我们只能将其中之一变成主语，另一个不变。当直接宾语变成主语时，保持在原位的见解宾语前需加介词to。例如：
I gave my husband a tie as a birthday present.
---- My husband was given a tie as a birthday present. ---- A tie was given to my husband as a birthday present.
4. 不定式符号to在被动语态中不可省略。在主动语态中，
感官动词和“使”动词常跟不带to的动词不定式，但在被动语态中要有to。例如：
I saw her pass by the window. She was seen to pass by the window.
5. 某些实义动词加副词也表示被动意义，如：wash, write, sell, eat, keep, open, read, shut等。例如：
This type of recorder sells well.
这种型号的录音机销路很好。
The door won’t shut.
门关不上。
This kind of shirt washes well.
这种衬衫很经洗。
The pen writes well.
这笔很好使。
6. want, deserve(应受，应得), need，require，stand，take，won’t bear with等词后跟主动形式的动名词可以表示被动意义。例如：
The film is quite worth watching.这部电影很值得一看。The children need looking after(=to be looked after).
孩子需要照看。
The rule will take some learning.
这规则需花点工夫才能学会。
7. 某些作标语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动
意义。例如：
He is hard to please. 很难取悦于他。
The article is difficult to understand. 这篇文章很难懂。
8. 被动语态中常用的几个介词：by表示动作的执行者或
施动力；with（tools）表示用某种工具；of（materials）表示由某种原料制成（制成品可见原料）；
from（substance）表示源于某种物质（制成品不见原料）
9. 非谓语动词也有被动语态，构成简列如下：
（三）例题
1. The professor was knowledgeable and eloquent（口才好）and _____ with enthusiasm(热情).
A. was always listened
B. was always listened to
C. always was listened
D. always listened to
1. 解析：此题考短语动词的被动式形式。注意：本题的第二个连词and前后的关系不是相对平衡的关系；前面的系动词was后面是两个形容词knowledgeable and eloquent做表语，而后面的系动词was则是被动语态的组成部分。因此，第二个连词and后面的系动词was不能省略。故选B。
2. He returned a week later and found his house ______.
A. had broken into
B. was broken into
C. to be broken into
D. had been broken into
2. 解析：做此题可用排除法。根据题意，房子是被盗，因此排除主动形式A。因为房间被盗在先，发现在后，因此B的时态不对。不定式可以做宾语补足语，但C的时态不对，应为完成式：to have been broken into。故选D。
3. The United Kingdom _____ Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
A. consisted of
B. is consisted of
C. consists of
D. consist
3. 解析：某些不及物动词（或短语动词）和表示状态的动词（或短语动词），无被动语态形式。注意：consist of= be made up of/ be composed of。故选C。
4. These oranges _____ nice.
A. are tasted
B. taste
C. is tasted
D. tastes
4. 解析：少数表示感觉的动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义，如smell，feel，taste等。故选B。
5. In 1950, she was the largest ship that _____.
A. was ever built
B. has ever built
C. has ever been built
D. had ever been built
5. 解析：船是被造，因此排除主动形式的A和B。C和D 的区别在于时态。故选D。
6. The house suddenly collapsed（倒塌）while it _____ down.
A. was pulled
B. pulled
C. was being pulled
D. had been pulled
6. 解析：房子是被推翻，因此排除主动式，即B。A，C，D 区别在于时态，根据题，故选C。
7. “How do you like your new position?”“I ____.”
A. don’t satisfy
B. am not satisfied
C. can’t satisfy
D. haven’t satisfied
7. 解析：表示“某人感到…”可用被动形式。这种情况下被动式并不是表示被动意义，只表示某种状态。故选B。
8. She _____ in the feet on her way home from work.
A. was hurting
B. is hurt
C. hurts
D. got hurt
8.解析：“get+-ed分词”构成被动语态。Get通常表示动作的结果而非动作本身，也常用于表示突然发生或未曾料到的事情。故选D。
9. There are more than fifty proposals ______ at the conference.
A. discussed
B. to be discussed
C. discussing
D. having discussed
9.解析：根据题意，discuss应为被动语态，据此排除C和D。A和B区别在于，A既表示被动也表示完成，而B既表示被动也表示将来。故选B。
10. Though Newton was a great scientist, many of his ideas _____ today and are being modified by the work of today’s scientists.
A. are to challenge
B. are challenging
C. may be challenged
D. have been challenged
10.解析：challenge是及物动词，其动作对象是主语many of his ideas，构成被动关系。从句子的意思来看，空格内的谓语动词是一个延续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时。A和D 语态不对，B的意思与全句不符。故选D。
易错题汇编：动词时态与语态 一．The twins, Who their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground. A. will finish B. finish C. have finished D. had finished 【考点】考察时态 【答案】D 【解析】句义：已经完成了他们的家庭作业，这对双胞胎被允许在操场上打羽毛球。根据句义可知他们完成作业是在被允许到操场上打羽毛球之前。而他们被允许打羽毛球已经使用了一般过去时，所以完成作业应该使用过去完成时。故D 正确。 【举一反三】--- Peter, do you know who____ my dictionary ? ---Sorry , I don’t know . I didn’t do it . A. has taken away B. was taking away C. had taken away D. is taking away 【答案】A 试题分析：句意：--皮特，你知道谁把我的字典拿走了吗？--对不起，我不知道，我没有拿。这里拿走发生在过去，强调对现在造成的影响，不知在什么地方，故用现在完成时。 二. ---Hi, let’s go skating. --- Sorry, I’m busy right now. I _______ in an application form for a new job. A. fill B. have filled C. am filling D. will fill 【考点】考察时态 【答案】C 【解析】句意：—喂，我们五滑冰吧！—对不起，我现在很忙，我正在填写一份新的工作申请表。根据句意可知本句是在叙述说话时正在进行，正在发生的事情，所以使用现在进行时。故C正确。
英语中的被动语态及练习 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： Visitors ___________(request) not to touch the exhibits. 2）was/were done 一般过去时 I ___________(give) ten minutes to decide which I should choose. All the preparations ___________ (complete). By the end of last year, another new gym ___________ (complete) in Beijing. A new cinema ___________ (build) here． 6）was/were being done 过去进行时 A meeting ___________ (hold) when I was there. Hundreds of jobs ___________ (lose) if the factory closes. 8）should/would be done 过去将来时 The news ___________ (send) to the soldier's mother. 9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时 The project ___________ (complete) before July. 10）should/would have been done 过去将来完成时 He told me that his new clothes ___________ (make) very soon. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 The baby should ___________ (take) good care of by the baby-sitter.
动词的时态和语态练习 1 Unless he___ to help us, we shall lose the game. A promises B will promise C would promise D had promised 2 Would you please give him this message the moment he__. A arrives B arrived C will arrive D will be arriving 3 The moment I __ her, I knew something___ wrong. A have seen, gone B had seen,had C saw, was D see,had gone 4 I’m sure he will help her if she___ him. A asks B asked C would ask D had asked 5 However hard you__,you will never succeed in pleasing her. A should try B will try C would try D try 6 As soon as I __ home,I’ll have a hot bath. A have got B will get C get D am getting 7 As soon as i__ the crossroad, the traffic light__ red. A had come to, turned B had come to, had turned C came to, turned D have come to, have turned 8 I’m sure he’ll come to see me before he__ Beijing. A leave B left C will leave D leaves 9 We will not come to any decision until we__ a chance to discuss the problem thoroughly. A are having B had C have D will have 10 She won’t believe it until she__ it with her own eyes. A see B has seen C saw D will see 11 It___ nearly two weeks__ I had received his letter. A is, that B was, that C is, since D was, since 12 It is five years since my dear aunt__ here. A left B has left C is left D had left 13 If it__ rain tomorrow, we will ho9ld the sports meet. A won’t B doesn’t C will D wouldn’t 14 There was complete silence when he___the radio. A has turned off B turned off C had turned off D turns off 15 I don’t know when he ___ ,but when he __ I’ll speak to him. A will come, comes B comes, comes C comes, will come D will come, will come 16---When__ again? ---I’ll let you know as soon as he___. A he returns, returns B will he return, will return C he returns, will return D will he return, returns 17 When I see Jane in the street, she always__ at me. A smiled B has smiled C was smiling D smiles 18 Who__ to school earliest in your class every morning? A come B comes C is coming D are coming 19 Sound travels in the same way as light___. A does B do C travel D traveled 20 It won’t be long before such a thing__ again. A will happen B happens C is happened D happened
复习专题情态动词常用的解题技巧 一、初中英语情态动词 1．Rock music ______ sound popular with the young, but it's not the favor of the aged people. A. must B. need C. should D. may 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：摇滚音乐在年轻人中听起来受欢迎，但是它不受上了年龄的人的 赞同。must, 表示猜测时，指把握比较大的肯定猜测，肯定……；need需要；should,应该；may，表示把握比较小的肯定猜测，可能，也许。结合句意，故选D。 【点评】考查情态动词辨析，注意几个常见情态动词的意思和用法。 2．— Sorry, I forgot to take money with me. Maybe I can't buy the book you like. — Mum, you ______ worry about it. We can pay by Alipay （支付宝）. A. can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——对不起，我忘记带钱了。也许我不能买你喜欢的书。——妈妈，你不用担心。我们可以用支付宝支付。A. can't不能，指不允许或否定推测；B. needn't 不需，指没必要；C. mustn't不能，表禁止；D. shouldn't不应该，表建议。根据句意语境， 本句是说妈妈不需要担心，故答案为B。 【点评】考查情态动词。理解句意并掌握情态动词的意义和用法区别。 3．According to the law, traffic keep to the left in England. A. may B. must C. need D. can 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：根据法律规定，在英国车辆必须靠左形式。A.may可以，表示允许；B.must必须，表示要求；C.need需要，表示必要性；D.can能，表示能力。根据According to the law,可知法律的要求，应是必须的，应用must，故答案为B。 【点评】考查情态动词。掌握情态动词的常用法。 4．Teenagers allowed to drive . A. should not be B. should be not C. not should be 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意：年轻人不应该被允许驾车。Should是情态动词，其否定表达一般 在在后面加副词not，故选A。 【点评】此题考查含有情态动词的被动语态的否定形式。平时注意记忆情态动词的记忆和 用法。 5．—Where is Mom now? —I'm not sure. She _________ be in the kitchen. A. shall B. may C. need D. must
初中英语八大时态语态总复习时态讲解 一般现在时态 【展示平台】 1 一般现在时态用来表示经常，反复，习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频率的副词sometimes（有时）, often（经常）, usually（通常）, always （总是）等连用。时间状语in the morning/ afternoon/ evening（在上午/下午/晚上）, every day/ week/ month/ year（每天/周/月/年, at noon/night （在中午/夜里）, on Monday/Tuesday（在星期一/二）等也可用在一般现在时态中。如： Bruce usually walks to school. 布鲁斯通常步行去上学。 We have two P.E classes every week. 我们每周上两节体育课。 2 表示现在的特征或状态。如： She is always ready to help others. 她总是乐于助人。 He is 13 years old. 他13岁了。 3 表示事实或客观真理，或在谚语中，也用一般现在时。如： The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day. 太阳每天东升西落。 When there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 4 一般现在时的基本句型 1）肯定句：① 主语+动词原形+其他②主语（第三人称单数）+ 动词-s+ 其他如：They live in China. 他们住在中国。 He likes eating apples. 他喜欢吃苹果。 2）否定句：① 主语+don’t+ 动词原形+其他 ② 主语（第三人称单数）+doesn’t+ 动词原形+其他 如：They don’t live in China. 他们不住在中国。 He doesn’t like eating apples. 他不喜欢吃苹果。 3）一般疑问句：① Do+主语+动词原形+其他? ② Does+主语（第三人称单数）+ 动词原形+其他？ 如：Do they live in China? 他们住在中国吗？ Does he like eating apples? 他喜欢吃苹果吗？ 【相关链接】 当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词用第三人称的单数形式。谓语动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则如下： 1）一般在动词后直接加s。如：talk –talks, live –lives。 2）以s, x., ch, sh或o结尾的动词在其后加es。如： watch –watches, wash –washes, go –goes。 3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变成i再加es。如： carry – carries, fly –flies。 4）特殊的，如：have的第三人称单数为has。 【牵手中考】 1. Bob often ______his mother with the housework on Sundays A. help B. helping C. helps D. helped
Introduction（被动语态） Handout (1) Ⅰ. Multiple choice. 1. These buildings ____ painted this time last year. A. were B. being C. have been D. were being 2. When ____ the composition ____ in? A. must, be handed B. should, handed C. must, hand D. does, handed 3. The suit ____ over $100. It will _____ at least 5 years. A. costs, last B. is cost, is lasted C. costs, is lasted D. is costed, last 4. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____ yet. A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided 5. The boy who ____ cheating in the exam _____ by the head teacher. A. has caught, will be punished B. was caught, will be punished C. caught, is to be punished D. was caught, were punished 6. Great changes _____taken place in the city, and a lot of factories _______. A. have been, have been set up B. have, have been set up C. has, have set up D. were, were set up Ⅱ. Cloze 1. A new library ________________(build) in our city now. 2. We shall _______________ (ask) to attend the meeting. 3. He has worked in the factory since it ___________ (build) 10 years ago. 4. So far, many man-made satellites ______________(send)up into space. 5. The decision has to be ___________(make). 6. Sheep are ___________ (keep) by farmers for __________ (produce) wool and mutton. 7. Outer space ________ (not explore) by people before 1957. 8. Computer science ________________(teach) now almost in all universities and institutes. 9. The first railway in the world ______________ (design) in the last century. 10. Five units of this textbook ________________ (study) by the end of last month. 11. I don't like ________________________（laugh at）in public. 12. Do you have a letter to ____________________ (post)? 13. Visitors _____________________（request ）not to touch the exhibits. 14. The meeting is to ______________________（put off ）till Friday.
第 7 讲动词的时态和语态 1. The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant______in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly. (2018浙江卷) A. gave B. gives C. was giving D. had given 【答案及解析】1. C 考查动词的时态。句意为“经理担心着他的助手代替他所举办的新闻发布会。 【答案及解析】幸运的是，一切进展顺利。”经理担心的时候正是助手举办新闻发布会之时，过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作。易误选A项，gave表示过去的动作发生过，这与后面everything was going on smoothly不符，因为事情还在进展中。 2. If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you ______ fresh watermelon in the fall.(2018浙江卷) A. eat B. would eat C. have eaten D. will be eating 【答案及解析】2. D 句意：如果你在春天种下西瓜种子，你会在秋天吃到新鲜的西瓜。可以判断这是真实的条件从句，会发生的事情，所以选择will be eating表将来。 3. For many years, people ______ electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted. (2018浙江卷) A. had dreamed of B. have dreamed of C. dreamed of D. dream of 【答案及解析】3. B 句意：许多年来，人们都一直梦想着电动汽车。然而，制造它们比想象中要难得多。由此推断此处的梦想从过去到现在。目前，市场上已经有了电动汽车，所以应用现在完成时。 4. Over the past decades, sea ice ______ in the Arctic as a result of global warming.(2018浙江卷) A. had decreased B. decreased C. has been decreasing D. is decreasing 【答案及解析】4. C 句意：在过去的几十年中，由于全球变暖，北冰洋的海冰一直在减少。 5. — What do you think of the movie? — It's fantastic.The only pity is that I ______ the beginning of it.(2018浙江卷) A. missed B. had missed C. miss D. would miss 【答案及解析】5. A 根据语境，“错过电影开头”这一动作发生在过去，故用过去时。
专题七情态动词和虚拟语气(5年高考3年模拟) 2013-2017年高考真题选粹 题组1情态动词的基本用法 1.[2017北京,21]Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top shelf. 2.[2016天津,5]It was really annoying; I ________ get access to the data bank you had recommended. 3.[2015浙江,4]It was so noisy that we ________ hear ourselves speak. 4.[2015陕西,21]You ________ feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it. 5.[2014四川,6]I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________ take me to Disneyland at weekends. 6.[2014重庆,3]I’ve ordered some pizza, so we ________worry about cooking when we get home tired. 7.[2014北京,27]________ I have a word with you? It won’t take long. 8.[2013江西,29]When I was a child, I ________watch TV whenever I wanted to. 9.[2013安徽,34]It________ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words. 10.[2013新课标全国Ⅰ,29]The door ________open, no matter how hard she pushed. 11.[2013重庆,26]—What are you doing this Saturday? —I’m not sure, but I________go to the Rolling Stones concert. 12.[2016甲卷(全国Ⅱ)改错]We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip. ________ 13.[2015新课标全国Ⅰ改错]We must found ways to protect our environment. ________ 题组2"情态动词+have done"的用法 14.[2015天津,7]I ________have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 15.[2015福建,27]—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
动词时态语态 汉语的时态大多是通过副词来表达的，而英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中常考的或较常用的有10种，而且重点测试完成时态。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时；主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理；按照计划安排好了将要发生的动作（一般指时刻表）等。 He usua lly goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter ＋宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 考点四：在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。 Marry is leaving on Friday. 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： （1）非延续动作：动作发生在过去，对现在有影响。（2）延续性动作：动作和状态的持续。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： 考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。
英语被动语态用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择被动语态 1．More than one worker ______ dismissed. A．have been B．are C．has been D．has 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查主谓一致和语态。句意：不止一个工人被解雇了。如果主语由"many a,more than one ＋单数名词"构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式，故排除A和B，“工人”和“解雇”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选C。 2．________sco res of times, but Derek still couldn’t understand how to use past participle in a concrete situation. A．Having explained B．Having been explained C．Though it was explained D．It was explained 【答案】D 【解析】 因为有连词but，前面应是完整的句子，排除A,B; Though不能和but同时使用，所以选D。 3．—Have you heard about that school bus accident? —Yes, fortunately all on board including the driver ________. A．were saved B．was saved C．have saved D．has been saved 【答案】A 【解析】 考查动词时态和语态。句意为：——你有没有听说那起校车事故？——嗯，幸运的是，车上所有的人包括司机都获救了。由题干中的Have you heard...可知，事故发生在过去，且all 为主语，和save逻辑上构成被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，故答案A符合语境。 4．The new library ________; it will be open next year. A．had been built B．was built C．was being built D．is being built 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：图书馆正在建设中；明年开放。根据后面一句可推知，图书馆是正在建设中，所以要用进行时，图书馆是被建的，要用被动。所以本句要用现在进行时的被动语态。故选D。
选修7 Unit 2 课文语法填空及被动语态I. 重点单词（每空2分 20分） 1. 服从；顺从______________________ 2. 渴望；想要______________________ 3. 与…离婚________________________ 4. 使警觉；惊恐____________________ 5. 同情（心）______________________ 6. 天才；才干_______________________ 7. 陪伴；伴奏_______________________ 8. 陈述；宣布 ______________________ 9. 喜爱；恩惠_______________________ 10. 宣布；声明______________________ II. 重点短语（每空2分 20分） 1. 试验；考验 ___________ _________ 2. 一定做…be b________________ to 3. 将…放一边 ________ ____________ 4. 不管；别惹 __________ __________ 5. 转向；回转 __________ __________ 6. 给…打电话 ___________ ____________ 7. 做陈述： __________ a _____________ 8. 比…地位低be j___________ _________ 9. 有…的天分have a __________ ________ 10. 让…高效的是…to _______ ___________. I. 用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(初中复习题) （15分） 's said that the long bridge will _______ ________（build）in two months. to have the meeting is ________ _____________（discuss）now. language __________the most widely_____________（speak）in the world lost boy has not _________ __________（not find）so far. 5. Last year a large number of trees_________ _________（cut）down． 6. The students _______ often _________(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 7. The old man is ill. He _________ ________ __________ (must send) to the hospital. 8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits________ __________ (sell) in this shop. 9. What _________ the knives ___________ (make) of 10. Can the magazine _______ __________ (take) out of the library 11. Some flowers _________ _________ ___________ (water) by Li Ming already. 12. This kind of shoes ____________ (sell) well. 13. How long _______ your uncle __________ (be) in the city 14. The food _______________ (smell) delicious. 15. Listen! What a fluent English she _______ __________ (speak).
最高考届高考英语语法精讲精练-专题七-情态动词和虚拟语气常考点
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专题七情态动词和虚拟语气常考点 近两年考查情态动词和虚拟语气的频率呈上升趋势。从整体上把握情态动词的语法特征和语义特征，能够准确理解不同情态动词的细微差异，认真区别具有相同功能、意思相近的情态动词的用法，在真实的交际情景中印证和领悟情态动词的用法和特征。 1情态动词所表示的多种含义 1. can和could的用法 ①表示能力。如： I can run fast. ②表示客观可能性。如： An experienced driver can have an accident at times. ③表示请求和允许。用could 语气更委婉。如： —Can/Could I go now? —Yes，you can. ④表示猜测、惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)。如： Can this be true?
How can you be so careless! This cannot be done by him. 2. may和might的用法 ①表示许可。如： You may drive the car. —May/Might I use your pen? —No，you mustn't. ②用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如： May you succeed! ③表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。表推测的might并不是指过去时间，而表示比may把握性略小些。如： He may be very busy now. ④用于表示目的或让步状语从句中。如： No matter what difficulties you may come across，you shouldn't give up. 3. will和would的用法 ①用于各种人称，表示“意志”“意愿”“决心”等。如： I told her to stop crying，but she just would not listen. ②用于第二人称的疑问句，表示说话人向对方提出请求。用would比用will语气更客气。如： Will/Would you please keep the door open? ③表示真理或习惯，意为“惯于，总是”。如： She will listen to music alone in her room for hours. He would get up early when he lived in the country. 4. should的用法 ①表示现在或将来的责任或义务，意为“应该，应当”，这时它可以和 ought to，be supposed to 互换使用。如： You should(＝are supposed to ) complete your test in time. ②表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论，通常意为“可能；总该……吧”，相当于 be expected to。如： They should be home by now，I think. ③用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。如： I should think it would be better to try it again. ④用在条件状语从句中，表示语气较强的假设，意为“万一”，这时也可将should置于从句之首，即将should放在主语前面，而省略从属连词if，主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。如： Should I (＝If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. ⑤用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的。尤其在以 why，who，how 等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中常常意为“竟会，居然”。如： A gentleman like him should be rude to a lady! ⑥用于虚拟语气句中(略)。 5. ought to的用法 表示应该、推测，相当于should。如： You ought to take care of him. 6. shall的用法
动词的时态和语态用法详解 在英语中，不同时间里发生的动作或存在的状态需要用动词的不同形式表示出来，动词的这种不同 形式就构成了动词的时态。 英语中的时态按动作发生时间分为现在时态、过去时态、将来时态 二、常见时态的基本用法 1. 一般现在时：一般现在时是描述现在或经常性的动作性质或状态的时态。常和表示频率、时间的副词 （短语） always, every time, now and the n, occasi on ally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 连用。 1） 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 We have three meals a day. 2） 表示客观事实、真理和自然现象。 Kno wledge is power. 3）表示现在的情况或状态。 I live in Beiji ng. 4）表示已经“列入日程”的将来的事件，尤其指计划中的和安排好的将来的动作，这些动词往往表示“出 发，到达”等含义 的词， 女口， arrive, begin, go, leave, start, stay 等。 The train arrives at 10:30. There's ple nty of time. 。 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。 如: I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, on ce, the mome nt/the minu te, the day; 条件：if, uni ess, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在 make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter 替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don ' t mind when he finish 考点四：在 the more …the more …(越 ..................... 越 ... )句型中 在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2. 一般过去时：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作、存在的状态，或反复发生的动作，句中一般都有表示 过去具体时间的时间 状语。 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或状态。 此时与表示过去的时间状语连用， 如yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1998 等。 +宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代 es the experime nt. ,若主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现