题型： I.Choose the correct answer (30) 1. Fifty cases of Green Tea you sent us were found to be badly damaged. This was apparently attributable to _____ packing.( ) A. inferior B. superior C .faulty D. mistake II.Translate the following terms from Chinese into English or from English into Chinese. (2*10) 1.零售价 III.T ranslate the following sentences (30) IV.Translate the following letter into Chinese (10) Ⅴ.Write an English business letter using the information given belo w 课后题目答案： Unit 1 interpretation Have you got any experience in advertising? Yes, I have been working in the Public Relation Section of a company in the past two years. I plan the advertising campaign and cooperate the work of artists and typographer. Sometimes I have to do the work of a specialist when there's something urgent. Have you had any experience with computers? Yes, I studied in a computer training program, and can process data through the computer. That's fine. What about operating the fax and duplicators?
汉译英 1.广场舞是社区中老年居民以健身、社交等为目的在广场、公园等开敞的地方进行的健身操或舞蹈，通常以高分贝的音乐伴奏。广场舞在中国大陆无论南北皆十分普遍。对于广场舞的确切认识，社会学界及体育界目前均未达成共识。广场舞的高分贝音乐常常造成噪音滋扰，因此许多居民反对在小区中跳广场舞。 The square dancing is a bodybuilding exercise or dance performed in wide and open places such as squares and parks among the middle-aged and old residents in communities, with the purpose of bodybuilding, socializing and so on, generally accompanied with high-pitched music. The square dancing is very popular all over mainland China, whether in the north or in the south. Neither the sociological circle nor the sports circle has currently reached a consensus on the exact perception of the square dancing. The high-pitched music of the square dancing often causes noisy disruption, and therefore many residents are opposed to the square dancing in communities. 2.故宫，又称紫禁城，是明、清两代的皇宫，二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和处理政务。它是世界现存最大、最完整的木质结构的古建筑群(architectural complex)。宫殿墙壁的色调以红色和黄色为主,红色代表快乐、好运和财富，而黄色代表帝王的神圣和尊贵。近十几年来，故宫平均每年接待中外游客600-800万人次，随着旅游业的繁荣，游客人数有增无减，可见人们对故宫的兴趣长盛不衰。 The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs. It is the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world. The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow. Red represents happiness, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holiness and dignity. In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad. Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing. It shows people’s everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace. 3.《新闻联播》是中国中央电视台（CCTV）每日播出的一个新闻节目。节目每次播出时长一般为30分钟。它被中国大陆大多数地方频道同时转播，这使得它成为世界上收看人数最多的节目之一。自从1978年1月1日首次播出以来，它就以客观、生动、丰富的纪实手段记录着中华大地每一天的变化。作为中国官方新闻资讯类节目，《新闻联播》以沉稳、庄重的风格著称。 Xinwen Lianbo is a news program broadcast by China Central Television (CCTV) every day. It generally takes 30 minutes every time to broadcast the program. It is relayed simultaneously by most local television channels in the mainland of China, which makes it one of the world’s most-watched programs. Since it was first broadcast on January 1st, 1978, it has been recording the changes of every day throughout China by documentary means that is objective, vivid and rich. As the Chinese official news information program, Xinwen Lianbo is well-known for its
真题详解： 1. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to adapt oneself to the life/living in different cultures. (适应不同文化中的生活) 2.Since my childhood I have found that nothing is more attractive to me than reading (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力). 3.The victim would have/stand a chance to survive/of survival(本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. 练习： 1. If you had followed my advice, you would not be in trouble now. ( 听从了我的劝告，你就不会陷入麻烦) 2. The victim would have survived (本来有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time . 3. Some women could have made a good salary. (本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family. 4. If he had known this would happen, he would have acted differently（他当初也许会以不同方式行事）. 练习： 1. I suggested he should adapt himself to (使自己适应) his new conditions. 2. I insisted that he should stay. (坚持要他留下). 3. After the terrorist attack, tourists were advised not to travel to that country at the moment (被劝告暂时不要去该 国旅游). 练习： 1. It was essential that we sign the contract by the end of the month (我们在月底前签订合同). 2. It is strange that so many people (should) lose their jobs (竟然这么多人失业). 1. Only after I slapped him on the back did he notice me and shouted with happiness (他才发现我并高兴得叫起来). 2. Only in the small town does she feel secure and relaxed (她才感到安全和放松) . 练习： 1. Hardly had he arrived home或He had hardly arrived home（他刚到家）when it started raining. 2. The witness was told that under no circumstances should he lie to the court.(他都不应该对法庭说谎) 练习： 1. Every mother is proud of her child and so is every father.（父亲也一样）. 2. If you won't agree to our plan, neither will they ( 他们也不会同意). 练习： 1. The more you explain, the more I am confused (我愈糊涂). 练习： 1. Not until the deadline did he send (out) (直到截止日他才寄出) his application form. 2. It is because she is too inexperienced (正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know how to deal with the situation. 3. Professor Clark was a bit strict with us, but I do learn a lot from him (但我们确实从他那里学到了很多).
《琵琶行》参考答案 1.年龄大了，容颜衰老，嫁给了一个商人。 2.我命令手下人摆酒，让她畅快地弹几支曲子。 3.于是写了这首七言长诗，吟咏给她听，赠送给她。全诗共六百一十六字，题名《琵琶行》。《劝学》参考答案 1.靛青，从蓝草中提取出来的，但颜色比蓝草更青。 2.即使又晒干了，它也不会再挺直，这是因为用火烤使它弯曲成这样的。 3.所以木材经过墨线量过就能取直，金属制的刀剑等在磨刀石上磨过就能变得锋利，有学问、有修养的人广泛地学习，并且每天对自己的言行检查反省，就会智慧明达，行为没有过失了。 4.借助车马的人，并不是脚走得快，却能到达千里之外；借助船只的人，并不是善于游泳，却能横渡江河。 5.有学问、有修养的人天性同一般人没有差别，只是善于借助外物罢了。 6.堆积泥土成为高山，风雨就会在这里兴起；汇集水流成为深渊，蛟龙就会在这里生长；积累善行养成崇高的品德，就能悟到非凡的智慧，圣人的心怀也就具备了。 7.所以不积累每一小步，就无法到达千里之远的地方；不汇集涓细的水流，就无法形成江河大海。 8.如果用刀刻一下就放弃它，腐朽的木头也刻不断；如果用刀刻个不停，金属和石头也可以雕刻成器。 9.蚯蚓没有锋利的爪子和牙齿，强健的筋骨，却能向上吃泥土，向下饮地下水，这是用心专一的缘故。 《师说》参考答案 1、老师，是用来传授道、教授学业、解释疑难问题的。人不是一生下来就懂得知识和道理，谁能没有疑惑？有了疑惑，如果不跟老师学习，那些成为困惑的问题,就最终不能解决。 2、我学习的是道，哪管他是生在我之前还是生在我之后呢？ 3、因此，（就从师问道来说），没有贵和贱的区分，没有年长和年幼的区分，道存在的地方，就是老师在的地方。 4、因此，圣人更加圣明，愚人更加愚昧。圣人之所以成为人明、愚人之所以成为愚人，大概都出于这个原因吧? 5、（人们）爱自己的孩子，选择老师来教他们。对于他自己呢，却以从师学习为耻，真是糊涂啊！ 6、不明句读，不能解决疑惑，有的（指“句读之不知”）向老师学习；有的（指“惑之不解”）却不向老师学习，小的方面要学习，大的方面却放弃了。我没看出那种人的明智之处。 7、“他和他年龄差不多，道德学问也差不多。以地位低者为师，则感到十分耻辱；以官职高者为师，就觉得是近乎谄媚。”哎！尊师学习的风尚不能，（从这里）就可以明白了。8、巫医、乐师、各种工匠这些人，士大夫们瞧不起，现在他们的见识竟反而赶不上这些人，真是令人奇怪啊！ 9、因此学生不一定不如老师，老师不一定超过学生。领会道理有早有晚，学术技艺各有专长，如此罢了。 10、我赞许他能遵行古人从师之道，写了这篇《师说》赠送给他。 《赤壁赋》参考答案 1、尾声细弱而婉转悠长，如同不断的细丝。箫声使深谷中的蛟龙听了起舞，使独坐孤舟的寡妇听了落泪。 2、山水环绕，一片苍翠，这不是曹孟德被周瑜围困的地方吗? 3、面对大江斟酒，横执长矛赋诗，本来是一代的英雄啊，可如今又在哪里呢? 4、何况我同你在江边捕鱼打柴，以鱼虾为伴，与麋鹿为友，驾着一叶孤舟，举杯互相劝酒。 5、像蜉蝣一样寄居在天地之间，渺小得像大海中的一粒米。哀叹我生命的短暂，而羡慕长江的流水无穷无尽。 6、这是自然界无穷无尽的宝藏，而我和你可以共同享受。 7、清风缓缓吹来，江面平静没有波澜。举起酒杯劝客人饮酒，吟咏《诗经.陈风.月出》一
翻译概论参考答案
在理论层面上，对翻译过程进行过比较有系统的研究，这些研究有别于一般的 经验总结，其目的在于通过对翻译过程的多角度的考察，对翻译过程中所涉及 的各种要素之间的矛盾有进一步的认识，进而为处理这些矛盾提供理论依据； 同时对整个翻译过程的步骤进行科学的分析，从理论上探索可行的翻译之路。 主要有以下几种倾向： 1 选取某一角度对翻译过程的某种特征进行研究。 2 对翻译过程的全面考察，并借助某种理论，对其进行模式化探索。 3 对翻译过程的理论概括与理性剖析。 通过梳理和总结众多翻译家及翻译研究者对翻译过程的经验性或理论性的认 识，我们对狭义的翻译过程有了一个初步的了解。尽管不同学者研究的侧重点、 所借鉴的理论和研究方法各有不同，但他们对狭义翻译过程的认识从本质上来 说是一致的。也就是：狭义的翻译过程是译者将出发语文本转换成最终的目的 与文本的过程，而译者的理解与再表达是这一过程的两个基本步骤。在这两个 步骤中，理解总是先于表达，它是一切翻译活动的前提。对原文本理解的好坏 直接影响到译文的质量。 三．试分析“复译”现象产生的原因。 从文本的生成，传播的生命历程来看，首先遇到的便是“时间”与“空间”。 一个文本的生命，既有时间意义上的延续，也有空间意义上的拓展。而无论是 时间上的延续还是空间的拓展，“语言”的问题便不可避免地凸现出来。语内 翻译所涉及的原语与译入语之间主要是时间上的差距，而语际翻译，除了时间 上的差距之外，还要面对不同空间或文化语境中所使用的不同语言。从理解层 面上说，从前不可译的因素在新环境下可能变得可译，从表达层面上说，旧译 本的语言可能变得不可理解甚至不可接受，这一切都召唤着复译的产生，以推 动文本的生命继续发展。正是这种不断延续的翻译，构成了我们所说的“复译” 现象。 四.试阐述为什么翻译的根本任务是意义的再生。 加拿大的维纳和达尔贝勒在《法英比较修辞》一书中明确指出：“译者总是 从意义出发，在语义的范围内进行所有的转换活动。”也就是说，“意义”既是翻译的出发点，也是翻译的归宿。美国翻译理论家奈达也有一句著名的言论：“翻译，即译意”。此外，古今中外众多翻译理论家在对翻译作出定义时，都 把原文的意义的传达当作翻译的根本任务。于是，我们可以这么说：“意义” 是翻译活动致力传达的东西，是翻译的核心和根本。 五. 简述索绪尔的语言意义观与传统语言意义观的不同之处，并分析索绪尔的 语言意义观给翻译活动带来的启示。 1. 传统语言意义观 传统语言意义观即“语言为分类命名集”的观点。这一观点是相当普遍的， 无论在东方还是在西方。这种语言观有着悠久的历史。将语言视作是“分类命 名集”的观点首先强调了指称和概念的一一对应，有一个事物，就有一个与之 对应的名称。其次，这种语言观也暗示着指称和概念。由传统语言观，我们可 以得到以下结论：语言的不同，只是外在的语言符号的差异，或者说只是“名” 的差异。正是在这种语言观和语言意义观的影响下，在相当长的一个历史时期 内，字对字、词对词的的翻译方法被许多翻译家当做最可信、最可靠且最可行 的翻译方法，当做对原文忠实的根本保证。 2. 索绪尔的语言意义观
1．The acceleration of China’s urbanization will produce the effect of killing two birds with one stone, namely, working up the consumer demands on the one hand, and boosting the investment spending on the other. 2.However different people may be in their origin, natural gift, virtue or wealth, they are all equal in the sphere of civil and political rights. 3. If there are no manufacturing plants continue to absorb oxygen and poisonous gases, humanity could not survive. Man would not be able to exist without green plants producing oxygen and absorbing harmful gases all the time. 4.We all know life is the cumulation of time. While everybody cherishes his life, very few people would make the best use of his time. 5.In fact, stress is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to promote people to get on, to meet challenges and to acquire learning opportunities. 6.The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be humanity Olympics, which will popularize the Olympic spirit, promote the traditional Chinese as well as deepen the understanding and enhance the trust and friendship among the peoples of different countries. 7. economic globalization has brought absolute opportunities to some Chinese, the challenges it causes to others are also unmistakable. 8. In this beautiful early summer time, I am very happy to welcome the distinguished guests to the conference in this ancient and mysterious city full of dynamism of the modern era 9. As the cost of being famous, stars are particularly vulnerable to criticism, because people always have higher expectations of them 10. In the past, the school education paid much attention to the examination and the passing rate, but right now, it turned to concern more about the reform of the comprehensive progress, which can make students all-round talents for the society 11. An open metropolis should practice cultural pluralism. There, people with different culture backgrounds coexist peacefully and develop together. 12. Social security is a public welfare program designed to protect individuals and their families from income losses due to unemployment, old age, sickness, or death 13. Even if governments all over the world ban human cloning outright, it will not be easy to monitor what goes on in private laboratories that don’t receive public money or in pirate ones offshore 14.Ecological problems such as global warming and pollution of the biosphere is bringing thousands of species to the verge of extinction, and even threatening the human existence 1. The phrase “one country, two system” means that after China realizes peaceful reunification, Taiwan and Hong Kong, the two regions to which the idea applies, would maintain their capitalist systems while the mainland practices socialism. The two systems would coexist for a long time to come, without neither overwhelming the other. China will resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong, beginning on July, 1997. It is the common interests of both China and Britain to ensu re the stability, prosperity and continuing development of Hong Kong. China’s reunification and rejuvenation is the common aspiration of the whole Chinese nation, including the people in Taiwan and those living abroad. 2. The feasibility report and the computer simulated analysis indicate that our venture and our
U1 1. An imbalance between the rich and poor is the oldest and most fatal ailment of republics 贫富不均乃共和政体最致命的宿疾 2. Their poverty is a temporary misfortune, if they are poor and meek, they eventually will inherit the earth 他们的贫穷只是一种暂时性的不幸，如果他们贫穷但却温顺，他们最终将成为世界的主人 3.Couples in love should repair to R H Macy’s not their bedroom 热恋的夫妇应该在梅西百货商店过夜，而不是他们的新房 4.The American beauty rose can be produced in the splendor and fragrance which bring cheer to it s beholder only by sacrificing the early buds which grow up around it.and so is in economic life. It ’s merely the working out of the a law of the nature and a law of god 美国这朵玫瑰花以其华贵与芳香让观众倾倒，赞不绝口，而她之所以能被培植就是因为在早期其周围的花蕾被插掉了，在经济生活中情况亦是如此。这是自然规律和上帝的意志在起作用 5. (It has become) an economically not unrewarding enterprise. （它已成为）经济上收入不菲的行业 6.There is…no form of oppression that is quiet so great, no constriction on thought and effort quiet so compreh ensive, as that which come from having no money at all 没有哪种压迫比身无分文更厉害，也没有哪种对思想和行为的束缚比一无所有来得更全面彻底 7. Freedom we rightly cherish, cherishing it, we should not use it as a cover for denying freedom t o those in need. 我们珍惜自由式对的。正因为珍惜自由，我们就不能以此为借口，不给最需要自由的人自由 8. Whether they be in Ethiopia, the south Bronx, or even in such an Elysium as Los Angeles, w e resolve to keep them off our minds 不管他们生活在埃塞俄比亚，还是在纽约的南部布朗克斯区，甚至是洛杉矶这样的天堂，人们都决心不去为这些人操心 9. He is enjoying, as indicated, unparalleled popularity in high Washington circles. 如上述所说，他在华盛顿高层当中有无比的威望 10. Compassion, along with the association public effort is the least comfortable. the least conveni ent course of behavior and action in our time同情心，加上与之相关的社会努力是人们这个年代，最令人不快的行为何行动方针 U2 1. It was an idyllic life ,and we lived close to our family and to the comforts and safety a small to wn could afford 这是一种田园式的生活，我们和亲戚住的很近，享受着小镇生活所能给予我们的舒服和安全 2. But papa was a man of enterprise; he realized that the untouched Ten Thousand Islands off th e southwest coast of the sate were rich in soil for crops and in game for food 但父亲是一个很有上进心的人，他知道佛罗里达州西南海岸的万岛群岛还没有被开发，那儿土壤肥沃，适于耕种，而且猎物充足，不必担心食物来源 3. This third day out, and the days to come, found us in the unsettled wilds of Florida 出发后的第三天以及以后的日子里，我们都在佛罗里达无人居住的荒野中穿行 4. Its underwater grasses looked like green ribbons, constantly unrolling, and the trees held thick s
Unit 1 1.这份工作不仅使我了解了那儿的习俗，而且帮我结交了许多朋友 Not only does the work give me an insight into the customs there,but it also helps me make many friends. 2.打网球很有趣，也是很好的锻炼 Playing tennis is good exercise as well as fun. 3.这张报纸上没有值得一读的东西 There’s nothing worh reading in this newspaper 4.你想去看电影吗？ Do you fell like going to the movie? 5.雨既然停了，你们可以出发了 Now that the rain has stopped,you can start off /out 6.他不知道她是在英国还是已经去了意大利 He doesn’t know whether she is in Britain or she has one to Italy 7.正当我从车里出来的时候，我的脚碰到什么东西上，我摔倒了 Just as I was getting out of the car, my foot caught on something and I fell 8.似乎这世上没别的事情值得一做 It seemed that there was nothing else in the world that was worth doing 9.我们应当鼓励学生而不是向他们泼冷水 We should encourage our sutdents instead of throwing cold water on them 10.在我看来，这场斗争远远没有结束 In my opinion,,the struggle was far from over. Unit 2 1.我顺着大街往前走，发现大楼前停着一辆警车 While walking down the street , I noticed a police car in front of the buliding 2.飞机不仅可以改变左右航线，还能上下移动互相避开 Planes can avoid each other by moving up and down as well as by changing course to left or right 3.她不反对必要的改变 She’s not opposed to making changes which are necessary 4.我在回家路上淋了雨，结果患了重感冒 I was caught in the rain on my way home. As a result, I had a bad cold 5.他听到这个笑话，不禁哈哈大笑起来 He burst into a loud fit of laughter when he herard the joke 6.周末时，超市不像平常那样拥挤 On weekends. The supermarket is not as crowded as usual 7.我总是愿意早开始而不愿意把所有的事情留到最后才做 I always perfer starting early rahter than leaving everything to the last minute 8.他们终于使他认识到了他们队面临的困难 They have at last awakended him to the difficulties their team faces 9.我花了一个月的时间才把烟戒掉 It took me a month to get rid of my smoking habit 10.那时我很紧张，没有把我的意思讲清楚 At that time I was very nervous and failed to get my message caross Unit 3 1.他是个诚实的人，尽管我曾反对过他，我还是要这样说
UNITE 1 A: 1 .这场给人类带来巨大灾难的战争对这样一个诗人产生了什么影响呢？（impact on） How did the war, which brought terrible disasters to mankind, impact on such a poet? 2. 做母亲的有时候不能察觉她们所宠爱的孩子们的过错，这样做的结果会使孩子们再次犯同样的过错。（be blind to） Mothers are sometimes blind to the faults of their beloved children, which will cause the children to make the same mistake again. 3. 作为一个新移民(immigrant)，在这个完全陌生的国度里，她总是感觉到孤立无援。(isolate) As a new immigrant in this completely strange country, she always felt isolated. 4. 做事不先考虑周全常会导致失败，因此我们应该三思而后行。(result in) Acting before thinking often results in failure, so we should think well before we act. 5. 奢谈的时候已经过去了，我们必须积极行动起来保护我们的环境。(take ... action) The time for talking is past; we must take a positive action to protect our environment. B: 1. 年轻人有时会抱怨无法和父母沟通。(to communicate with)
Unit1 1.发言人明确表示总统在任何情况下都不会取消这次旅行。 The spokesman made it clear that the President would not cancle the trip under any circumstances. 2.我们相信他所说的，因为他受过良好的教育，出生于受人尊敬的家庭，更重要的是他为人可靠。 We trust what he has said,because he is well educated, comes from a respectable family ,and what’s more ,he is reliable. 3.随后发生的那些事件再次证明了我的猜疑是对的。 The subsequent events once again confirmed that my suspicions were right. 4.在赛后举行记者招待会上，这位足球教练因该队表现不佳而向球迷们致敬。 At the press conference held after the game, the football coach apologized to the fans for his team’s poor performance. 5.令我们吃惊的是，这位常被赞为十分正直的州长竟然是个贪官。 To our surprise ,the governor, who had often been praised for his honesty ,turned out to be a corrupt official. 6.只有少数工人工人得到提升，在这同时却有数百名工人被解雇。 A few workers were promoted ,but meanwhile hundreds of workers were dismissed. 7.如果有机会，约翰也许成为一位杰出的画家了。 Given the chance, John might have been an excellent painter. 8.起初我以为他是开玩笑，可后来我知道他是当真的。 At first I thought he was joking , but soon I realized that he was serious. Unit2 1.在医院的急症室里经常听到痛苦的呻吟声。 Groans of pain can often be heard in a hospital emergency room. 2.这位美国前国务卿已重新回到公众生活中来，担任了驻外大使。 The former U.S secretary of state has come back to public life as an ambassador to a foreign country。 3.兑现支票时大多数银行要求提供身份证明。 Proof of identity is required when a check is cashed at mist banks. 4.这位通俗歌星在舞台上的出现引起了全场观众起立鼓掌。 The presence of the pop star on the stage brought the audience to its feet in applause.
第1单元 1. 昨晚在晚会上你玩得开心吗？（have a great time） Did you have a great time at the party last night? 2. 这个学期她选修了英语、计算机和驾驶三门课程。（take a course） This term she has taken courses in English, computers/computing, and driving. 3. 朋友帮了他很多忙，他欠他们的情。（have a debt） He has a debt to his friends who have helped him a lot. 4. 我明白了一个道理：永远不要让你的朋友失望。（let down） I have learnt one thing: never let your friends down. B. Translate the following into Chinese. 1. True, there will be many people ready to help you, but you will often have to take the first step in whatever you choose to do. 的确，会有很多人帮助你，但是无论你决定做什么，你常常得自己走出第一步。 2. As a teacher, I always tell my students to work hard and keep up from day one. 作为老师，我总是告诫我的学生从第一天开始就努力奋斗、积极向上。 3. For a rich full life of college, you should make the most of the opportunities at hand. 为了你的大学生活过得充实、丰富，你应该充分利用即将得到的机会。