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三种常用的时态

三种常用的时态
三种常用的时态

一般现在时

一、一般现在时的特征:

1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。

2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。

3.表示客观现实。如: The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

二、如何判断句子中的主语是单数第三人称?

句子中的主语S可以归纳以下三类:

三、结构:

1.Be 动词的一般现在时态。.

在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词,am,is,are

构成:

肯定句:I am/We are/ He is/ She is/ It is /They are/You are +表语

如:I am a student. 我是一个学生。

否定句:I am/We are/ He is/ She is/ It is /They are/You are +not+表语

如:I am not a student.我不是一个学生。

疑问句:be动词+主语+表语

(1)在肯定句中寻找is\am\are这几个单词

I am a good student. He is a tall boy.

(2)若句子中出现以上几个单词,就直接把这几个单词放到句子的最前面,后面句子照抄,注意大小写字母的变化,并把句点改为问号。

I am a good student. →→→→Am I a good student? \ Are you a good student?

(I am 是特殊的,通常用Are you…?进行提问)

He is a tall boy. →→→→ Is he a tall boy?

They are cute flowers. →→→→ Are they cute flowers?

2. 实义动词的一般现在时态

(1)当主语是第三人称单数时:动词变相应的第三人称单数形式

肯定句:主语+动词s(动词第三人称单数形式)+其它

She likes to eat pizza.她喜欢吃比萨。

否定句:主语+doesn't+动词原形+其它

She doesn’t like to eat pizza.她不喜欢吃比萨。

一般疑问句Does+主语+动词原形+其它

Does she like to eat pizza.她喜欢吃比萨吗?

肯定回答Yes,主语+does Yes, she does.

否定回答No,主语+doesn't No, she doesn’t.

(2)当主语不是第三人称单数时:

肯定句: 主语+动词原形+其它

We like to eat pizza.我们喜欢吃比萨。

否定句:主语+don't+动词原形+其它

We don’t like eat pizza.我们不喜欢吃比萨。

一般疑问句Do+主语+动词原形+其它

Do you like to eat pizza?你们喜欢吃比萨吗?

肯定回答Yes,主语+do Yes, we do.

否定回答No,主语+don't No, we don’t.

四、当句子中的主语S是单数第三人称时,动词单数第三人称形式的变形规律如下:

1.大部分的动词+s , 如run→runs , swim→swi ms, hop→hops等

2.以ch, sh, o, x, s结尾的动词,必须+ es 如:wash→washes,teach→teaches,do→does, watch→watches,catch→catches, go→goes X, S结尾的动词较少只要记住此概念即可。

3. 以y结尾的动词,有两种情况

a. 动词以y结尾,并且在y字母旁边含有a,e,i,o,u其中一个字母,动词直接+s

如:play→plays (动词中y旁边有a字母) sway→sways

b. 动词以y结尾,并且在y字母旁边不含有a,e,i,o,u其中一个字母,动词必须去掉y+ies 如:fly→flies,cry→cries, (动词中不含有元音字母)

study→studies(动词中含有u, 但是不在y的旁边,必须去y+ies)

五、不规则变化的动词三单形式:

have---has

六、按要求改写句子

1. My dog runs fast.

否定句:一般疑问句:

2.Mike has two letters for him.

否定句:一般疑问句:

一般过去时

一、一般过去时:指已经发生过的动作或事件,至今为止这个动作或事件已经停止。

二、标志词:yesterday, last week, last year, last month, a year ago, a minute ago

Eg: I went to Eric’s party last week.

三、结构:

1.Be 动词的一般过去时态.

在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词,am,is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were. 构成:

肯定句:主语+was (were) +表语

如:I was late yesterday. (昨天我迟到了。)

否定句:主语+was (were) +not+表语

如:We weren't late yesterday. (我们昨天没有迟到)

疑问句:was (were) +主语+表语+表示过去的时间

Were you late yesterday? 你们昨天迟到了吗?

2.实义动词的一般过去时态

肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和does 的过去式did. 肯定句:主语+动词过去式+宾语

I went to school yesterday. 我昨天去了学校。

否定句:主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语

I didn’t go to school yesterday. 我昨天没有去学校。

疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形+宾语

Did you go to school yesterday?你昨天去学校了吗?

四、动词的过去式变形

1.直接加ed:work—— worked look——looked

2.以不发音e结尾的单词,直接加d:live ——lived hope——hoped use——used 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的 (以y结尾, 并且y旁边没有元音字母的动词),变y为i加ed:study—— studied carry——carried worry——worried

4.重读闭音节动词,要双写最后一个字母,再加ed

所谓“重读闭音节”:从动词的末尾开始寻找,如果倒数第二个字母是元音字母,并且元音字母两边的字母没有组合音,没有变音,都独自发音,这样的动词都必须,双写后,以一个辅音字母结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母+ed:stop—— stopped plan——planned 五、不规则变化的动词过去式:

have---had are---were get---got say---said feel---felt do/does---did is---was go---went drink--drank eat--ate bring----brought think----thought buy----bought catch---- caught teach ---- taught sit----sat wear----wore cut----cut sweep----swept sleep——slept see----saw become----became [1]read——read

六、按要求改写句子。

1.We are all happy.(改成一般过去时) We _____ all happy.

2. I visited my grandparents last week. (改成疑问句)

_______________________________________________________

4. I played a lot of games with my friends in the park. (对划线部分提问)

_______________________________________________________

5. I did my homework last night(改成疑问句并作肯定否定回答)

________________________________________________________

6. There were some ducks in the zoo last year. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)

_______________________________________________________________

现在进行时

一、现在进行时:表示正在发生或进行的动作。现在进行时表示动作发生的时间是“现在”,动作目前的状态是“正在进行中”。所谓“正在进行中”,是指在谈到这件事的时候,这个动作还在进行中。至于它是什么时候开始的,什么时候会停下来,不是我们关心的。所以“正在进行时”的事件,可能发生几年了,也可能只有几分钟。仍在进行中这是“正在进行时”的关键所在。它是一件持续进行的事情。

二、现在进行时常用以下几种情况:(现在进行时标志词:now, at the moment)

1、当句子中有now时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。

如:They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。

2、以look, listen开头的句子,提示我们动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。

如: Listen!She is singing an English song.听,她正在唱英语歌。

三、构成:由"be动词+ v-ing"构成。(V-ing表示在动词后面加上ing)

肯定句式:主语 + be( am, is, are)+ V-ing +其它.

e.g I am doing my homework. He is washing his clothes. You are flying a kite.

否定句式:主语 + be(am, is, are) +not + V-ing +其它.

e.g I am not doing my homework. He is not washing his clothes. You are not flying a kite. 一般疑问句:Be(am, is, are) + 主语 + V-ing +其它?

e.g Are you doing your homework? Is he washing his clothes? Am I flying a kite?

e.g What are you doing in the house? Where is he going? When is she doing her homework?

四、动词的ing形式变形

1)一般情况在动词原形后直接加 -ing

go---going , stand---standing , cook---cooking, do---doing

2)以e 结尾的动词,要去掉 e + ing.

take---taking, make---making, have---having

3) 重读闭音节动词,要双写最后一个字母,再加ing

所谓“重读闭音节”:从动词的末尾开始寻找,如果倒数第二个字母是元音字母,并且元音字母两边的字母没有组合音,没有变音,都独自发音,这样的动词都必须,双写后,再加上ing

get- getting , put---putting, run—running, begin---beginning swim---swimming

e.g eat---eating 这个动词有ea组合音,所以不能双写

study---studying 这个动词倒数第二个字母不是元音字母,不能双写

4)以 -ie 结尾的动词,把 ie 变成 y ,再加 ing.

die--dying , lie—lying, tie---tying

五、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:

1. The boy __________________ (draw) a picture now.

2. Listen! Some girls _______________ (sing) in the classroom.

3. My mother _________________ (cook) some nice food now.

4. What _____ you ______ (do) now?

5. Look! They _______________ (have) an English lesson.

6. They ____________ (not, water) the flowers now.

7. Look! The girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .

8. What is our granddaughter doing? She ____________(listen ) to music.

现在完成时

一、现在完成时:表示到说话时为止(或到现在为止)已经发生或完成了(不一定结束)的动作或状态。过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。

二、标志词:

already(已经,用于肯定句),yet(已经,用于否定,疑问句中),just(刚刚),even (曾经),since(自从), recently(最近), never(从不)等:

三、构成have/has+动词的过去分词

肯定句中:主语+has/have+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语(或者其他)

She has already had her holiday this year.她今年已经度过假了。

否定句中:主语+haven't/hasn't+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语

She hasn’t had her holiday yet this year.她今年还没有度过假。

一般疑问句中:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语(或者其他)Has she had her holiday yet this year?她今年已经度假了吗?

四、动词的过去分词变形

1.直接加ed:work—— worked look——looked

2.以不发音e结尾的单词,直接加d:live ——lived hope——hoped use——used 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的 (以y结尾, 并且y旁边没有元音字母的动词),变y为i加ed:study—— studied carry——carried worry——worried

4.重读闭音节动词,要双写最后一个字母,再加ed stop—— stopped plan——planned 五、不规则变化的动词过去式:

不规则动词表

Ⅰ. A-A-A 型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形)

1 花费cost cost cost

2 割cut cut cut

3 打,击hit hit hit

4 伤害hurt hurt hurt

5 让let let let

6 放put put put

7 读read read read

8 伸展,传播spread spread spread Ⅱ. A-A-B 型(动词原形和过去式同形)

1 跳动beat beat beaten Ⅲ. A-B-A 型(动词原形和过去分词同形)

1 变成become became become

2 来come came come

3 跑run ran run Ⅳ. A-B-B 型(过去式和过去分词同形)

1 挖dig dug dug

2 得到get got got

3 吊死hang hanged hanged

4 悬挂hang hung hung

5 握着,举行hold held held

6 产卵lay laid laid

7 照耀shine shone shone

8 坐sit sat sat

9 赢win won won

10 遇见meet met met

11 保持keep kept kept

12 睡觉sleep slept slept

13 打扫sweep swept swept

14 感觉feel felt felt

15 逃跑flee fled fled

16 闻smell smelled/smelt smelled/smelt

17 离开leave left left

18 建设build built built

19 借出lend lent lent

20 传送send sent sent

21 花费spend spent spent

22 沉下sink sank/sunk sunk/sunken

23 丢失lose lost lost

24 燃烧burn burnt burnt

25 学习learn learned/learnt learned/learnt

26 意思是mean meant meant

27 抓住catch caught caught

28 教teach taught taught

29 带来bring brought brought

30 战斗fight fought fought

31 买buy bought bought

32 想,思考think thought thought

33 听见hear heard heard

34 卖sell sold sold

35 告诉tell told told

36 说say said said

37 找到find found found

38 饲养feed fed fed

39 有have/has had had

40 制造make made made

41 站stand stood stood

42 粘贴,刺stick stuck stuck

43 拼写spell spelled/spelt spelled/spelt

44 吐唾沫spit spat spat

45 明白understand understood understood Ⅴ. A-B-C 型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词三者不同形)

1 开始begin began begun

2 喝drink drank drunk

3 躲藏hide hid hidden

4 铃响ring rang rung

5 唱sing sang sung

6 游泳swim swam swum

7 吹blow blew blown

8 画画draw drew drawn

9 飞fly flew flown

10 生长grow grew grown

11 知道know knew known

12 投掷throw threw thrown

13 出示,显示show showed shown

14 打破break broke broken

15 选择choose chose chosen

16 忘记forget forgot forgot/forgotten

17 结冰,凝固freeze froze frozen

18 说speak spoke spoken

19 醒wake woke woke/woken

20 驾驶drive drove driven

21 吃eat ate eaten

22 落下fall fell fallen

23 给give gave given

24 升高rise rose risen

25 拿,取take took taken

26 弄错mistake mistook mistaken

27 骑ride rode ridden

28 写write wrote written

29 做do did done

30 去go went gone

31 平躺lie lay lain

32 看见see saw seen

33 穿wear wore worn

34 是be(am,is,are) was/were been

初中英语时态讲解(完整版)

英语时态讲解 1. 一般现在时的应用 (1) 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。常用频度副sometimes, often, always, usually, seldom 以及时间副词 every day / night / week / month / year, in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night 做状语。如: He often stays up late. 他常熬夜。 We go home every month. 我们每月都要回家。 I watch TV at night. 我晚上看电视。 (2) 表示客观真理或永恒的状态。如: The earth travels round the sun. 地球绕太阳旋转。 Trees turn green in spring. 春天树木变绿。 Liquid turns into gas when it is hot enough. 足够热时,液体变为气体。 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 (3) 现阶段的状态。常跟时间副词now连用。如: He lives in Beijing now. 他现在住在北京。 She is at home. 她在家。 They work in that factory. 他们在那家工厂工作。 (4) 习惯性的爱好或行为。如: I like dancing while she likes singing. 我喜欢跳舞,而她喜欢唱歌。 We get up at six. 我们六点起床。 He studies very hard. 他学习很刻苦。 (5) 表示已经计划、安排好了或时间表上所安排,并且一定要做的事情。用于这种句型的动词主要是瞬间动词:come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open等。如: The train arrives at five past eight and leaves at ten past eight. 火车八点过五分到,八点过十分

常见的八种英语时态详解

常见的八种英语时态详解 时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。英语时态分为16种 1. 一般现在时 基本结构:①be动词am/is/are;②行为动词原形或单数第三人称。 否定形式:① am /is /are +________;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加_________,如主语为第三人称单数,则用___________,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,用does,同时,还原行为动词。 提示词:always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually 1) 描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。 She doesn't often write to her family, only once a month. It seldom rains here .这儿很少下雨。 2)仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。

这里的目的是为了"描述现阶段的动作或状态",其重点"不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态"。例如: He can speak five foreign languages . Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 3) 陈述客观事实、客观真理。 The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。 4) 根据英文语法规定,当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时,那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如: I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。 If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 5)现在时的特殊用法:一般现在时表过去 1. 用于某些动词(tell, say, hear, learn, gather等)表示不确定的过去时间。如: I hear that he got married last month. 我听说他上个月结婚了。 Mary says you told her to come over here. 玛丽说是你让她到这儿来的。 2. 当要陈述一个客观事实时,有时即使有过去时间状语也可用一般现在时。如: The story is set in the summer of 1937. 故事的背景是1937年夏天。 The story begins in the year 1937. 故事开始于1937年。 练习 1)He always _____ ( get)up early. 2)Mary often ______(do)some shopping on Sundays 3).I’ll go with you as soon as I_______(finish)my homework. 4)If he _______(come) here, I will tell you 5)The earth ________( move) round the sun.

英语常用的几种时态

例如: We have made a lot of friends since we came here. 自从我们来到这里以来已经交了很多的朋友。 (3)谈论某人的出生日期经常用一般过去时。例如: —When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的? —I was born in 1983. 我出生于1983年。 3. 现在进行时的用法: (1)表示说话的时候正在发生的动作,经常与时间状语now,at present,at this time/ moment等连用。例如: The boys are playing football over there now. 这些男孩子们正在那边踢足球。 My father is watching TV with my mother now. 我的爸爸正在和妈妈一起看电视。 (2)表示现阶段正在进行着的动作,但不一定在说话时正在进行。经常与now,these days等时间状语连用。例如: I am learning French in Beijing these days. 这些天我正在北京学法语。 (3)一些瞬间动词的现在进行时可以表示一般将来时表示“即将……”,常有表示将来的时间状语。常用的这类动词有come,leave,go,arrive,die等。例如: Hurry up! The bus is coming. 快点!公共汽车马上就要开了。 He is coming back tomorrow. 他明天会回来。 4. 过去进行时的用法: 表示说话的过去某个时候或某一阶段正在进行的动作。这一特定时间除了有上下文暗示外,经常和表示过去时间的状语then,a moment ago,at this time yesterday,at ten last night,at that time/ moment等连用。例如: —What were you doing at this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候你正在做什么? —I was cooking with my mother. 我正和我妈妈一起做饭。 5. 一般将来时的用法: 表示将来发生的动作或者存在的状态。常和表示将来的时间状语,如tomorrow,next week/ year/ month,this afternoon/ evening,tonight,in a few days,when he comes等连用。一般将来时的构成:1)will/shall+动词原形2)be going to+动词原形。其中shall用于第一人称,will用于第二和第三人称。例如: I’ll come and help you tomorrow. 我明天来帮助你。 He will go to Beijing and see his father next week. 他下个星期去北京看他的爸爸。 注意: (1)shall一般和第一人称的代词连用构成shall I或者shall we的一般疑问句,用来询问对方的意图和愿望,征求别人同意等。例如: Shall we go swimming this afternoon? 今天下午我们去游泳好吗? (2)助动词shall引起的一般疑问句征求别人同意时,回答不能用Yes, you shall或者No, you shall not,应该用Yes, please do.或者No, please don’t. 例如: —Shall I close the window? 我把窗户关上好吗? —No, please don’t.不,别关。 (3)be going to+动词原形,常用来表示已经决定或安排要做的事,也用于表示必然

初中英语五种时态讲解

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初中英语八大时态讲解及练习(全)

一、一般现在时: 概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 基本结构:①be动词; ②行为动词 否定形式:①am/is/are+not; ②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句: ①把be动词放于句首; ②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。 一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如: He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。 It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。(口诀:I用am,you用are,is用于她他它,单数名词用is,复数名词都用are)

二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如: ①Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。 ②Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。 ③Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。 三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: ①A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 ②This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that 作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: ①Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。 ②There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。 五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如: ①The milk is in the g lass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 ②The bread is very small. 那面包很小。 六、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如: ①"6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。 【练习】

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