PASSAGE A
Since about 1800, near the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, coal, petroleum, and gas have been used at a rapidly increasing rate. The supply of these fuels is limited, and electric power is very scarce in many places. Some scientists believe solar energy is the only source which can meet the worlds’ enormous need for power. Great progress had been made in harnessing the sun. Not only is the sun now used in cooking, but it also supplies power for such things as beacon lights for ships and airplanes. It operates telephone lines, portable radios, electric clocks, hearing aids, and even communications satellites. Some homes and office buildings in the United States are now being heated with solar energy.
The three most significant types of solar equipment so far are the furnace, the still, and the cell. Solar furnaces heat water or air, which is then circulated through a building to make it comfortable. Solar stills are especially important because they can provide fresh water at a relatively cheap rate. Salt can be easily removed from sea water with a solar still.
The most highly developed is the solar cell. Some cells are so effective that they can turn 16 per cent of the energy they receive from the sun into electric energy. One of the cell’s b iggest advantages is that it can be made either small enough to carry or large enough to produce a current that can run an automobile. Besides, it has a very long life. It is still too expensive for the average consumer. But when ways are discovered to produce it more cheaply, we can expect its use to be wide-spread.
PASSAGE B
Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status or as a rejection of middle-class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, ignoring the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are subject to criticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectly affect juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy, which lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general, make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in turn lead more youths into criminal behavior.
Families have also experienced changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; consequently, children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family structure. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other identifiable causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased availability of drugs and alcohol, and the growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, although a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
PASSAGE C
Believe it or not, optical illusion (错觉) can cut highway crashes.
Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons (人字形) , painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.
Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.
C. is planning to repeat Japan’s success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.
Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are the greatest—curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.
Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.
Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.
PASSAGE D
Amtrak (美国铁路客运公司) was experiencing a down-swing in rider-ship (客运量) along the lines comprising its rail system. Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham, were the long-distance western routes where rider-ship had been declining significantly.
At one time, trains were the only practical way to cross the vast areas of the west. Trains were fast, very luxurious, and quite convenient compared to other forms of transportation existing at the time. However, times change and the automobile became America’s standard of convenience. Also, air travel had easily established itself as the fastest method of traveling great distances. Therefore, tile task for DDB Needham was to encourage consumers to consider other aspects of train travel in order to change their attitudes and increase the likelihood that trains would be considered for travel in the west.
Two portions of the total market were targeted: 1) anxious fliers—those concerned with safety, relaxation, and cleanliness and 2) travel-lovers—those viewing themselves as relaxed, casual, and interested in the travel experience as part of their vacation. The agency then developed a campaign that focused on travel experiences such as freedom, escape, relaxation, and enjoyment of the great western outdoors. It stressed experiences gained by using the trains and portrayed western train trips as wonderful adventures.
Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that could be enjoyed along some of the more famous western routes and emphasized the romantic names of some of these trains (Empire Builder, etc.) These ads were strategically placed among family-oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in order to most effectively reach target audiences. Results were impressive. The Empire Builder, which was focused on in one ad, enjoyed a 15 percent increase in profits on its Chicago to Seattle route.
PASSAGE E
People landing at London’s Heathrow airport have something new to look at as they fly over Britain’s capital city. It is striking, simple and a little strange. The Millennium Dome is a huge semi-circle of plastic and steel and it contains the largest public space in the world. It has been built to house an exhibition of all that is best in British life, learning and leisure. The Millennium Dome was designed by Sir Richard Rogers, one of Britain’s most famous arc hitects. His work is more than just a spectacular thing to look at and walk around. It also points the way to new developments in architecture. Think of it as a giant clue to the buildings in which we will all be living and working in the near future.
But buildings are also a part of history. Walking around the Forbidden City gives us a storing impression of what life was like in imperial court of China. People make judgments about what it was like to live in a particular time and placed by the buildings it produced. They express the culture of the times.
British architects like Richard Rogers, Lord Norman Foster and Zahia Hadid are all aware of this responsibility. While they have different individual styles, their work also has a common theme. That is to express the values of the information age.
What is an “information age” building? The Dome is a good example. After the Millennium exhibition ends, it will be used for another purpose. Just as people no longer have “jobs for life”, modern buildings are designed for a number of different uses.
Another Richard Rogers building, the Pompidou Center in France, uses the idea that information is communication. Instead of being concealed in the walls, heating pipes and elevators are open to public view. The Pompidou Center is a very honest building. It tells you how it works.
A typical information age building will contain large open spaces and use as much natural light as possible. It will not be shut away fro m the street. Instead it will share “public space.” The a im is to break down barriers and to encourage human contact and conversation.
Richard Rogers himself says, “We used to have a highly ritualistic life where everybody went to work very early in the morning, including Saturday, came home totally exhausted and went to bed. You went on dong this until you retired or died. Society is much more fluid than it used to be. People want to go where they please—to the cinema or museums or just to meet each other. Why can’t we meet our girlfriends or boyfriends in human spaces?”
For most of the 20th century, architecture was dominated by the idea of “modernism.” This was a philosophy of the industrial age which put efficiency before emotion. Factories were places to work and homes were machines for “living”. The new arch itectural thinking says that places should be adapted to people, not vice versa.
PASSAGE F
Every city has its own character and whilst each is different from its neighbors, all human settlements express in their architecture and urban design some of the most significant aspects of their development. Topography and climate, the availability of different building materials, perhaps even more the evolving political, social and economic circumstances and the advance of technology by which cultural progress is measured are reflected in the form and function of our buildings.
Historically some towns grew at the bridging points of rivers, some developed from military garrisons, centers of education and learning, or of religion. Some were planned but most were not.
With industrialization new centers grew rapidly near the source of materials or the power to use them. Finally there were the entrepots and capitals of empires. But whatever the original reason of a city, influencing its initial form and architecture, other uses soon develop, urban prosperity and vitality depending on the quality and quantity of interaction between all the various activities, planned or unplanned, and particularly on the speed of response to changing circumstances as old industries decline only to give way to new ones.
In past centuries most buildings were made of local materials in form adapted to both society and climate, only the most important being designed by architects or specialist builders who then often used imported and more durable materials. With the development of mass communication over the years all that has changed. Building designs, methods and materials are now increasingly international and standardized, changing more often in accord with the dictates of fashion than the need for efficiency.
As the intended use of a building is (or should be) reflected in its design as well as the form and character of a city is a consequence of its economy and social structure. And just as buildings are altered, adapted or replaced the better to cater for new needs, often of a character quite different from earlier ones, it must be accepted that to ensure the prosperity of a community over time a human settlement, be it village, town or city, must change continually to reflect new circumstances, especially now that industries can generally be located wherever it suits the fancy or the finances of the manufacturer.
Sometimes change is welcomed because it is a consequence of increased wealth or social status; but opposition frequently arises quite illogically, perhaps from an apparent dislike of any alteration to what is familiar, or because of a fear of the future, overlooking the fact that evolutionary change is the single most enduring characteristic of cities. How to control that change in order to realize the most beneficial combination of old and new is a perpetual problem, especially as the impact on development of the ever accelerating rate of innovation in international communications and public alike, who by outlook and institution are better equipped to deal with past circumstances than preparing to take opportunities that may lie ahead.
PASSAGE G
PASSAGE H
my friend and I are taking a , we are seeing a boy sit on the chair,he is crying,we go and ask him.“what’s the matter with you” he tell us“I can’t find my dog can you help me”.“yes,I can”.And we help him find his dong .oh it stay under the big tree! 今天我和我的朋友一起去散步。突然我们看见一个男孩坐在椅子上，他哭的很伤心。我们走过去问他：“你怎么了”。他告诉我们：“我的狗不见了，你们能帮我找到它吗”。“是的，我们能帮你找到你的狗”然后我们帮助他找到了他的狗，原来是它呆在一棵大树下。 day an old man siselling a big young man comes to the elephant and begins to look at it old man goes up to him and says inhis ear,“Don't sa y anything about the elephant before I sell it,then i'll give you some money.”“All right,”says the young the old man slles the elephant,he gives the young man some money and says,“Now,can you tell me how you find the bad ears of theelephant?”“I don't find the bad ears,”says the young man.“Then why do you look at the elephant slowly?”asks the old young man answers,“Because I never see an elephant before,and I want to know what it looks like.” 一天，一个老的男人正在卖一头大象。一个年轻的男人走向大象然后开始慢慢看着它（大象），这个老的男人走向他对着他的耳朵说，“不要在我卖出它（大象）之前说关于它（大象）的事，然后我会给你一些钱。”“好的”，这个年轻的男人说。在这个老的男人卖出大象后，他给了年轻的男人一些钱并且说，“现在，你可以告诉我你是怎样知道大象的坏的耳朵了吧？”“我不知道坏的耳朵”，这个年轻的男人说。“然后为什么你慢慢的看着大象？”这个老的男人问。这个年轻的男人回答，“因为我在这之前从来没有见过大象，还有我想知道它（大象）是什么样子的。” 3.An old woman had a cat. The cat was very old; she could not run quickly, and she could not bite, because she was so old. One day the old cat saw a mouse; she jumped and caught the mouse. But she could not bite it; so the mouse got out of her mouth and ran away, because the cat could not bite it.? Then the old woman became very angry because the cat had not killed the mouse. She began to hit the cat. The cat said, "Do not hit your old servant. I have worked for you for many years, and I would work for you still, but I am too old. Do not be unkind to the old, but remember what good work the old did when they were young."? 一位老妇有只猫，这只猫很老，它跑不快了，也咬不了东西，因为它年纪太大了。一天，老猫发现一只老鼠，它跳过去抓这只老鼠，然而，它咬不住这只老鼠。因此，老鼠从它的嘴边溜掉了，因为老猫咬不了它。? 于是，老妇很生气，因为老猫没有把老鼠咬死。她开始打这只猫，猫说：“不要打你的老仆人，我已经为你服务了很多年，而且还愿意为你效劳，但是，我实在太老了，对年纪大的不
、英汉互译 二、下面画线部分的读音如果相同用“T”表示，不相同用“F”表示。 （）1. A. say B. play C. today D. May （）2. A. hear B. dear C. near D. here （）3. A. fly B. spy C. try D. family （）4. A. mouth B. this C. thank D. thin （）5. A. who B. whose C. why D. white 三、连词成句，注意字母的大小写和标点符号。 1. you Did football play ? 2. he How feel play ? 3. do What you yesterday did ? 4. went last hiking I weekend . 5. taller me than are 10cm You . 四、选择填空 （）1. This dog’s tail is long. That dog’s tail is _______. A. long B. longer C. heavier （）2.------What did you do last weekend? ------__________. A. I do my homework B. I went hiking C. I had a sore throat. （）3. My throat ________ sore. My nose ________. A. is, hurt B. are hurt C. is hurts （）4. We’re _________have a basketball match. A. going to B. go to C. is going （）5. How tall are you, Liu Xiang? A. I’m 74kg. B. I wear size 43. C. I’m 188cm. 五、根据下面短文的意思判断下面的句子是否正确，正确的在句子前面的括号里打“√”，不正确的打“×”。 Mike was busy last weekend . He did his homework Saturday morning. Saturday afternoon , he went to a supermarket . He visited his grandparents Saturday evening. He helped them cleaned the room. Sunday morning , Mike played football with his friends. Sunday afternoon he washed his clothes . Mike was busy but he was happy. ( ) 1. Mike read a book Saturday morning . ( ) 2. Mike went to a supermarket last Saturday . ( ) 3. Mike played basketball Sunday morning . ( ) 4. Mike helped his grandparents clean the room Saturday evening . ( ) 5. Mike was sad and bored last weekend.
1 Dogs People often say that a dog is man's best friend. Over thousands of years, man has taught his dogs to do many kinds of work besides guarding the home. For example, sheepdogs are famous for their ability to control a flock of hundreds of sheep. Dogs have been used to aid disabled people for centuries. A guide dog can lead its blind owner. Nowadays, dogs can be taught to turn on light switches, open refrigerator doors and dial the telephone for their disabled owners. For the majority of people, however, dogs are simply pets and friends for both young and old members of the family. guard 看守,看护sheepdog 牧羊犬flock 群aid 帮助 disabled 残疾人century 世纪guide dog 导盲犬dial 拨majority 大多数 狗 人们总是说狗是人类最好的朋友.几千年来,除了看家外,人类还教会了狗去做许多其他的事,例如,牧羊犬就因其可以控制数百只羊的羊群而出名. 狗用来帮助残疾人已有好几个世纪了.导盲犬可以为盲主人引路.现在,人们还教狗为残疾主人打 开电灯、开冰箱和拨电话.然而,对于大多数人来说,狗只是家里老人和孩子们的宠物和朋友. 2 Detective Work A bank robber stole a lot of money. He was caught and sent to prison, but the money was never found. When he came out of prison, they watched him to see what he would do. Here is the detective, reporting to the inspector. Yes, sir, I found Johnny . I followed him all around the town, but frankly, I couldn't make anything out of what he bought. Here's the list. shirt , heavy crowbar, box of chocolates , shovel, heavy hammer, bunch of flowers .The inspector said, Good. That helps me a lot. Do you remember how we watched him helping his neighbor, old Mrs. Judson to cover her backyard with cement? detective 侦探的侦探robber 强盗,盗贼prison 监狱 inspector 检察官frankly 坦白地,真诚地crowbar 铁撬,撬棒 shovel 铲,铁铲hammer 铁锤,锤子backyard 后院cement 水泥 侦探工作 一个盗贼从银行偷了很多钱.他被抓住送到监狱,但是钱没找到. 我发现了,先生,是的“侦探正向检察官报告：,这不.看他会做什么,他被监视,当他从监狱出来时．强尼?阿米塔基,我跟着他转遍了全镇,但坦白说,我不能从他买的东西中推断出什么.这里是清单.”衬衫、大铁撬、一盒巧克力铁铲、大铁锤、一束花. 检察官说：“好,这对我很有帮助.你还记得我们看到他是怎么帮他的邻居,贾德森老太太用水泥铺院子的吗?” 3 What is Time? （Nursery Rhyme） Time is grain for peasants. Time is wealth for workers.
UNIT 2 Food and Health\n 第二单元食物与健康\n Topic 1 You should go to see a doctor.\n 话题1 你应该去看医生。\n Section A\n A部分\n 1a Listen, read and say\n 1a 听、读与说\n Betty: What's wrong with you? Do you have a cold?\n 贝蒂：你怎么了？你感冒了？\n Kangkang: No, I don't. I have a toothache.\n 康康：不，不是。我牙疼。\n Betty: I'm sorry to hear that. You should see a dentist.\n 贝蒂：听到这个消息我感到很难过。你应该去看牙医。\n Kangkang: I think I will.\n 康康：我想是要去看的。\n Betty: I hope you'll be well soon.\n 贝蒂：我希望你很快就没事了。\n Kangkang: Thank you.\n 康康：谢谢你。\n Section B\n B部分\n 1a Listen, read and say\n 1a 听、读与说\n Steve: Hey, Bruce. You look pale. What's the matter?\n 史蒂夫：嘿，布鲁斯。你看起来很苍白。怎么了？\n Bruce: Well, I have a headache and a cough. I'm feeling terrible! \n 布鲁斯：呃，我头疼还咳嗽。我觉得很难受！\n Steve: I'm sorry to hear that. How long have you been like this?\n
英语小短文带翻译
on June 15, Sunday, I went to play football with my friends in the afternoon. We went to the playground where we usually went. We were playing happily. Suddenly, I fell over and my leg hurt. My best friend, Li Hua, took me to a hospital. The doctor looked over my leg for a while. At the end, there aren't any big problems on my leg and my friends went home with me in case i would fall down again. 6 月 15 号 , 星期天下午 , 我和我的朋友们去踢足球 , 我们去我们去过的操场 玩 , 我们玩得很 开心 , 突然 , 我摔倒了 , 脚也受伤了 , 我最好的朋友李华 , 送 我去医院 , 医生看了我的脚一会儿 , 最后 , 医生说我脚没有什么大问题 , 然后我 的朋友就送我回家 b5E2RGbCAP A crow felt very thirsty. He looked for water everywhere. Finally, he found a pitcher.p1EanqFDPw But there was not a lot of water in the pitcher. His beak could not reach it. He tried again and again, but still could not touch the water.DXDiTa9E3d When he was about to give up, an idea came to him. He took a pebble and dropped it into the pitcher. Then he took another and dropped it in.RTCrpUDGiT Gradually, the water rose, and the crow was able to drink the water.5PCzVD7HxA 口渴的乌鸦 一只乌鸦口渴了,到处找水喝。终于,他找到了一个大水罐。
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My favourite season<我最喜欢的季节> My favourite season is summer. I ofen wear my shorts and T-shirt. Sometimes I wear my jeans. In summer it is ofen sunny and hot. Sometimes rainy in summer. I usually swim with my father. Sometimes I eat ice-cream at home. （我最喜欢的季节是夏天。我经常穿着短裤和T恤。有时我穿牛仔裤。夏天里经常是既晴朗又炎热。有时也下雨。我经常跟我爸爸去游泳。有时我在家里吃冰淇淋。） My household(我的家人) There are five people in my house: grandma,grandfa,father, mother and me. My mother is a teacher,father is a doctor. They are both busy working. Usually,only my grandma,grandpa and I at home. They all love me very much. I am very fond of this home. （我家有五口人：姥姥，姥爷，爸爸，妈妈和我，我的妈妈是老师，爸爸是医生，他们的工作很忙，平时就我和姥爷、姥姥在家，他们很爱我，我很爱这个家。） My dog (我的狗) I have a dog. My dog name is DuDu.DuDu is fat. It wears a white coat. DuDu has two big eyes and two ears. It has one short mouth. My dog is smart. I like my dog. Do you like it?
英语小短文带翻译100字20篇 1.A happy Day It was sunny and very hot today. I got up early and helped my parents cook breakfast. Then I washed the dishes and cleaned the room. After a short rest I did my homework in the morning. In the afternoon I went swimming in the nearest swimming pool with my friends. It was really cool to swim in such a hot day. I surfed the internet and read a storybook in the evening. I really had a busy and happy day. 今天天气晴朗比较热。我起得很早，帮父母做早饭。然后我洗碗打扫屋子。休息一会后我上午做作业。下午我和朋友去我家最近的游泳池游泳。在如此炎热的夏天游泳的确很棒。晚上我上网、看故事书。我今天很忙过得很快乐。 2.给笔友的一封信 Dear Lucy I am very glad to hear from you. Now let me introduce myself to you. My name is Li Lei. I am eleven years old. I am tall with a pair of glasses. Now I am studying at Yuying Primary School. I am in Class One，Grade 5. I like singing and playing the piano very much. I am good at English and Chinese. 很高兴收到你的来信。现在让我介绍我自己。我叫李雷。11岁。我高个子、带眼镜。我在育英小学。我在五年级一班。我非常喜欢唱歌和弹钢琴。我数学和语文学得都很好。 3。暑假打算 I will have a busy summer vacation. I am going to do my homework every day . I am going to the library to borrow some books and go to the shops to buy some books.I am going to do sports such as playing table tennis, swimming and so on. I am going to visit my grandparents and stay there for a week. I am going to help my parents do some housework. 我暑假会很忙。我每天要写作业。我打算去图书馆去借书、去商店买书。我要做运动，如：打乒乓球、游泳等。我要去看爷爷奶奶并在那住一周。我要帮父母做家务。 4.自我介绍 Hello, everyone. My name is Kelly. I am friendly and honest.I am good at English and maths. I like surfing the internet,playing computer games, watching TV and traveling. I also like playing table tennis and I am good at it ,too. I often play table tennis with my friends on weekends. And I want to be a famous table tennis player when I grow up. What I like most is to see the seagulls flying freely in the sky so I often go to the sea in summer. My favourite colour is white because I think white is symbolize purity. 大家好我的名字叫KELLY .我很友好、诚实。我擅长英语和数学。我爱上网、玩电脑网络游戏、看电视和旅游。我也喜欢打乒乓球。我经常和朋友们在周末打乒乓球，长大了我想当一个乒乓球运动员。最喜欢在海边看着海鸥自由自在的飞翔，因此在夏天我经常去海边。白色是我的最爱。因为我觉得白色是纯洁的象征。 5.A nice Sunday It is Sunday and it is a fine day today. We come to the People Park with our English teacher who came from Canada. Look ! Tom and other five boys are playing
英汉互译精选散文阅读-互助 L君跻身文坛，盖有年矣，但总是红不起来，颇感寂寞。于是，他找到了各种关系，以盛宴重礼把的评论家J君招待了一次。J君有感于其情之盛，慨然允诺说：“现在他们对你太冷落了，就是不公平!我一定要写一篇推荐你的作品的文章，登到大报上，你的作品的优点是……” Mr. L. had been a member of the literary circles for years without attracting any public attention. He felt rather deserted, and so he managed through various personal connections to invite Mr. J., a famous literary critic, to an elaborate dinner besides presenting him with expensive gifts. Mr. J. was quite moved by Mr. L.’s hospitality and promised right away, "It's not fair that you have been so ignored! I must write an article for a key newspaper to recommend your works. The merits of your works are... L君不等I君说完，慌忙摆手摇头，他说：“千万不必!千万不必!我只乞求您写一篇义正词严的文章把我批一个狗血淋头！积数十年之经验，我深知凡被您批了的，都能够风行全国，名震环球!而您也能够获得另一方面的美誉和利益，那才叫相反相成，相得益彰!” Mr. L. hastily cut in, shaking his head and waving his hands," No! No! I only beg you to write a very severe criticism against me. From my years of experience, I have come to the conclusion that all articles you criticize mill become popular not only in our country but also in the world. Meanwhile, you gain greater fame and interests through your criticism. Ibis is indeed `extremes meet' and hill only end up with mutual help and benefit!"
英汉互译励志短文 导语：梦想是一个可以离我们很近，又很远的东西。下面由我为大家整理的英汉互译励志短文，希望可以帮助到大家！ Today is an excellent day for small improvements. Whatever is working for you, find a way to improve it just a little. There’s no need to make a huge change, just a small one, something you can do right now. If you called just one additional customer each day, over the course of the next month you would talk to about 20 new people. If you learned just one more new word each day, in the next year you would increase your vocabulary by more than 300 words. Small improvements can add up over time into big accomplishments. Look around you. Consider the work you do each day. Think about how you could do it just a little bit better. In a marathon race, each step the winner takes is just a little bit longer and a little bit faster than each stride taken by the 100th place finisher. Yet over the course of the race, that small difference adds up in a big way. Do just a little bit more today, and tomorrow too, and each day after that. Anyone can make just a small improvement, and that can make a big, big difference. 翻译：再多一点点
精心整理 Whatsportsandotheractivitiesdoyouparticipatein?Whatkindsoffoodsdoyoueat?Whatkindofpe opledoyouspendtimewith?Youranswerstotheseandsimilarquestionsreflectyourtotalhealth.He alth is acombinationofphysical,mental/emotional,andsocialwell-being.Thesepartsofyourhea lthworktogethertobuildgoodoverallhealth. 你参加过什么体育活动和其他活动吗？你吃什么食物？你和什么样的人在一起？你对这些问题或者类似的问题的回答反映出了你整体的健康状况。健康是身体、心里和社会安宁感的集合。这些健康的部分结合起来搭建了一个完整的健康体系。 通常，觉更好， t 身体须要远离有害的物质像烟草、酒精和其他毒品。他们用体育运动的时间去平衡他们看电视或玩电脑游戏的时间。体育运动包括做特殊的运动，远足，健身操，游泳，跳舞和做一份工作。通过远离有害物质和坚持体育运动，你可以保持身体健康。另外一种说法就是，要想身体健康就要多运动。 Doyoufeelgoodaboutwhoyouare?Doyouknowhowtohandlestressfulsituations?Doyouhaveapositiv eattitudeaboutlife?Youranswerstothesequestionswilltellyousomethingaboutyourmental/emo tionalhealth.Mental/emotionalhealthismeasuredbythewayyouthinkandexpressyourfeelings.Y oucandevelopgoodmental/emotionalhealthbylearningtothinkpositivelyandtoexpressyourfeel ingsinhealthyways.Positivethinkingisagoodstrategytousewhenyouarefeelingsadordown.Tryf ocusingyourattentiononallofthegoodthingsinyourlife,suchasyourfriends,family,andactivi tiesyouenjoy.Thenthecauseofyoursadnessmightnotseemsobad.Likewise,recognizingandbuildi
Wall Street Take a Dive Ronald Reagan’s 1985 budget took a thunderous shelling last week. Day after day, jittery Wall Street investors fired sell orders, hitting stock prices with their heaviest declines since 1982. Testifying in Washington, Federal Reserve Chairman Paul V olcker fired the single most damaging salvo by warning that the deficits envisaged in the budget pose a “clear and present danger”, threatening to keep interest rates high and tip the economy into a new recession. The size of the deficits is staggering. Rudolph Penner, director of the Congressional Budget Office, predicted that if policy is not changed, the flow of red ink will swell from $190 billion this year to $326 billion by 1989. In testimony on Capitol Hill, the President’s men acknowledged that the economy was in danger. Chief Economic Adviser Martin Feldstein, known as the Administration’s “Dr.Gloom,”agreed with Penner’s warning that the deficit could reach the $300 billion range by the evd of the decade. If that happened, said Feldstein, federal borrowing would be swallowing 75% of American savings and putting powerful upward pressure on interest rates. Even Treasury Secretary Donald Regan, usually an optimist and a critic of Feldstein’s dour outlook, admitted that “without proper fiscal and monetary policies, there is a possibility of our slipping back into a recession in the U.S.”Unless the Federal Reserve speeds up growth of the U.S money supply , warned Treasury Under Secretary Beryl Sprinkel, a recession could start this year. 译文：华尔街股价下跌 罗纳德里根1985财政年度的财政预算，上周遭到了猛烈的抨击。华尔街的投资者深感不安，每天都要下令抛售股票，压低股票价格，导致1982年以来最大幅度的下跌。联邦储备局主席保罗沃尔克在华盛顿作证时，放了最厉害的一炮。他告诫说：从财政预算中可以预见的赤字，带来“清清楚楚的、实实在在的危险”，使得利率居高不下，使得经济失去平衡。 赤字数额高得惊人。国会预算审议室主任鲁道夫彭纳语言：如果政策不改变，赤字的泛滥将从今年的一千九百亿美元，增至1989年的三千二百六十亿美元。 总统的幕僚在国会作证时承认，经济处于危险状态。总统的首席经济顾问马丁费尔斯坦，人称政府中的“忧郁博士”，他赞同彭纳提出的告诫：至80年代末，赤字将达到三千亿美元这一幅度。费尔斯坦说，如果出现这一情况，联邦政府的举债将耗去美国人积蓄的75%，产生强大的压力是利率上涨。财政部长唐纳德里甘本来是个乐天派，对费尔斯坦的忧郁观点常持批评态度，可是就连他也承认：“没有正确的财政金融政策，美国可能再度陷入经济衰退。”财政部次长贝利尔斯普林克警告说：如果联邦储备局不加速美国的货币供应量，今年就会出现经济衰退。
PASSAGE A Since about 1800, near the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, coal, petroleum, and gas have been used at a rapidly increasing rate. The supply of these fuels is limited, and electric power is very scarce in many places. Some scientists believe solar energy is the only source which can meet the worlds’ enormous need for power. Great progress had been made in harnessing the sun. Not only is the sun now used in cooking, but it also supplies power for such things as beacon lights for ships and airplanes. It operates telephone lines, portable radios, electric clocks, hearing aids, and even communications satellites. Some homes and office buildings in the United States are now being heated with solar energy. The three most significant types of solar equipment so far are the furnace, the still, and the cell. Solar furnaces heat water or air, which is then circulated through a building to make it comfortable. Solar stills are especially important because they can provide fresh water at a relatively cheap rate. Salt can be easily removed from sea water with a solar still. The most highly developed is the solar cell. Some cells are so effective that they can turn 16 per cent of the energy they receive from the sun into electric energy. One of the cell’s b iggest advantages is that it can be made either small enough to carry or large enough to produce a current that can run an automobile. Besides, it has a very long life. It is still too expensive for the average consumer. But when ways are discovered to produce it more cheaply, we can expect its use to be wide-spread. PASSAGE B Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status or as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, ignoring the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are subject to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly affect juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy, which lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general, make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in turn lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also experienced changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; consequently, children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family structure. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other identifiable causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased availability of drugs and alcohol, and the growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, although a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.