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2014年3月22日英语专八考试真题参考答案完整版听力Mini-lecture1. physical2. a demand3. blood pressure4. Category5. a job6. signals7. body or mind8. advantage9. accept 10. reasonable speed听力Interview1. To work out a plan …2. was much worried …3. To take prompt …4. Refugees returning to normal …5. talk to different …听力NEWS BROADCAST6. Cancellation of flights …7. Three human fossils8. It supported..9. some international …10. Surprised阅读理解答案阅读理解答案11.A have 12.C to offer 13.B to provide 14.D decide 15.A cultuer 16.B perfered 17.D similar 18.D easy 19.B unapproachalbe 20.D sociable21.B say 22.B sociabel 23.A young 24.D 25C26.D role 27.C effects 28.B offer29.D exercise 30.A features人文知识答案人文知识答案31．Montreal32．Maoris33. Anglicanism34．177635．Ernest Hemingway36．George Bernard Shaw 37．Geoffrey Chaucer38．bare39．Mary40．Lion改错答案改错答案 1.把of 去掉。
专业英语八级模拟试卷431(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．Percy Bysshe Shelly did not writeA．Song of Myself.B．Prometheus Unbound.C．Ode to the West Wind.D．Queen Mab.正确答案：A解析：Percy Bysshe Shelly(珀西·比希·雪莱)是英国浪漫主义时期代表诗人，著作有Prometheus Unbound(《解放了的普罗米修斯》)，Ode to the West Wind(《西风颂》)和Queen Mab(《麦布女王》)等。
Song of Myself(《自我之歌》)的作者是Walt Whitman(沃尔特·惠特曼)。
知识模块：人文知识2．______ is not a modernist novelist of Britain.A．James JoyceB．Virginia WoolfC．D. H. LawrenceD．Henry James正确答案：D解析：James Joyce(詹姆斯·乔伊斯)。
Virginia Woolf(弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙)和D．H．Lawrence(D．H．劳伦斯)都是英国现代主义小说家。
Henry James(亨利·詹姆斯)是19世纪英国小说家。
知识模块：人文知识3．Systemic-Functional Grammar is______theory.A．Chomsky’sB．Saussure’sC．Halliday’sD．Sapir’s正确答案：C解析：Systemic-Functional Grammar(系统功能语法)是Halliday(韩礼德)的一种具有社会学倾向的功能语言学处理方法。
TEXT C In most of the human civilization of which we have any proper records, youth has drawn on either art or life for models, planning to emulate the heroes depicted in epics on the shadow —— play screen or the stage, or those known human beings, fathers or grandfathers, chiefs or craftsmen, whose every characteristic can be studied and imitated. As recently as 1910, this was the prevailing condition in the United States. If he came from a non-literate background, the recent immigrant learned to speak, move, and think like an American by using his eyes and ears on the labor line and in the homes of more acculturated cousins, by watching school children, or by absorbing the standards of the teacher, the foreman, the clerk who served him in the store. For the literate and the literate children of the non-literate, there was art —— the story of the frustrated artist in the prairie town of the second generation battling with the limitations of the first. And at a simpler level, there were the Western and Hollywood fairy tales which pointed a moral but did not, as a rule, reach table manners. With the development of the countermovement against Hollywood, with the efflorescence of photography, with Time-Life-Fortune types of reporting and the dead-pan New York manner of describing the life of an old-clothes dealer in a forgotten street or of presenting the "accurate", "checked" details of the lives of people whose eminence gave at least a sort of license to attack them, with the passion for "human documents" in Depression days —— a necessary substitute for proletarian art among middle-class writers who knew nothing about proletarians, and middle-class readers who needed the shock of verisimilitude —— a new era in American life was ushered in. It was the era in which young people imitated neither life nor art nor fairy tale, but instead were presented with models drawn from life with minimal but crucial distortions. Doctored life histories, posed carelessness, "candid" shots of people in their own homes which took hours to arrange, pictures shot from real life to script written months before supplemented by national polls and surveys which assured the reader that this hobby socks did indeed represent a national norm or a growing trend —— replaced the older models. 43. This article is based on the idea that ____ A) people today do not look for models to imitate. B) whom we emulate is not important. C) people generally pattern their lives after models. D) heroes are passed. 44. Stories of the second generation battling against the limitation of the first were often responsible for ____ A) inspiring literate immigrants. B) frustrating educated immigrants. C) preventing the assimilation of immigrants. D) instilling into immigrants an antagonistic attitude toward their forebears. 45. The counter movement against Hollywood was a movement ____ A) toward fantasy. B) against the teachings of morals. C) towards realism. D) away from realism. 46. The author attribute the change in attitude since 1920 to ____ A) a logical evolution of ideas. B) widespread of moral decay. C) the influence of the press. D) a philosophy of plenty. TEXT D During the holiday I received no letter from Myrtle and when I returned to the town she had gone away. I telephoned each day until she came back, and then she said she was going to a party. I put up with her new tactics patiently. The next time we spent an evening together there was no quarrel. To avoid it I took Myrtle to the cinema. We did not mention Haxby. On the other hand it was impossible to pretend that either of us was happy. Myrtles expression of unhappiness was deepening. Day by day I watched her sink into a bout of despair, and I concluded it was my fault —— had I not concluded it was my fault, the looks Myrtle gave me would rapidly have concluded it for me. The topic of conversation we avoidedabove all others was the project of going to America. I cursed the tactlessness of Robert and Tom in talking about it in front of her before I had had time to prepare her for it. I felt aggrieved, as one does after doing wrong and being found out. I did not know what to do. When you go to the theatre you see a number of characters caught in a dramatic situation. What happens next? They then everything is changed. My life is different I never have scenes, and I if I do, they are discouragingly not dramatic. Practically no action arises. And nothing what so ever is changed. My life is not as good as a play. Nothing like it. All I did with my present situation was try and tide it over. When Myrtle emerged from the deepest blackness of despair —— nobody after all, could remain there definitely —— I tried to comfort her. I gradually unfolded all my plan, including those for her. She could come to America, too. She was a commercial artist. She could get a job and our relationship could continue as it was. And I will not swear that I did not think:" And in America she might even succeed in marrying me." It produced no effect. She began to drink more. She began to go to parties very frequently; it was very soon clear that she had decided to see less of her. I do not blame Myrtle. Had I been in her place I would have tried to do the same thing. Being in my place I tried to prevent her. I knew what sort of parties she was going to: they were parties at which Haxby was present. We began to wrangle over going out with each other. She was never free at the times I suggested. Sometimes, usually on a Saturday night, she first arranged to meet me and then changed her mind. I called that rubbing it in a little too far. But her behavior, I repeat, perfectly sensible. By seeing less of me she stood a chance of finding somebody else, or of making me jealous, or of both. Either way she could not lose. 47. When Myrtle was avoiding the author he ____ A) saw through her plan and behave calmly. B) became angry and could not put her out of his mind. C) was worried and uncomprehending. D) decided that he could not bear the way she treated him. 48. The author felt guilty and angry because ____ A) his friends had discovered that he had not told Myrtle anything. B) Tom and Robert had told Myrtle about their plans. C) Myrtle had found out their plans when Tom and Robert talked. D) he had told Myrtle their plans before Tom and Robert mentioned them. 49. The author complains that his life was not like a play in which ____ A) the characters solve their problems by violence. B) the violence that follows action solves their problems. C) the action that follows quarrels solves their problems. D) the characters solved their problems in spite of violence. 50. The real reason why Myrtle was angry and upset was that ____ A) she had never wanted to go to America with the author. B) the author would not agree to take her as his wife. C) she did not want him to go to America with his enemies. D) she did not want to be felt behind in America.。
2014年英语专业八级真题及详解TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2014)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 150 MIN PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.How to Reduce StressLife is full of things that cause us stress. Though we may not like stress, we have to live with it.1. ____【答案】physical【解析】细节题。
这篇讲座主要围绕压力展开。
专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷322(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. LANGUAGE USAGEPART III LANGUAGE USAGEFor the most part, the thousands of languages in the world today fall into one of two categories: tonal or nontonal. Two linguists believe they know the genetic underpinnings for these differences. During a study of linguisticand genetic data from 49 distinctive populations, the authors discovered a 【M1】______struck correlation between two genes involved in brain development and 【M2】______language tonality. Populations who speak nontonal languages have newer 【M3】______versions of the genes, with mutations that began to appear roughly 37thousand years before. ““You can consider this as the first of the many pos- 【M4】______sible studies that we could do to try to find a genetic basis for language and language typology and the different populations that speak a language,”“says Patrick Wong, the assistant professor at Northwestern University, who 【M5】______was not involved in this study. In English, the pitch which a word is spoken 【M6】______convey emotion but usually does not affect its meaning. But in many 【M7】______languages tone changes the meaning of words. For instance, the Chineseword huar said in a high pitch means flower, but in a dipping pitch meaning 【M8】______picture. The new research ties this difference to those two genes. The exact 【M9】______functions of both genes are still open to debate, so they are known to affect 【M10】______brain size during embryonic development. They presumably have something to do with brain structure, because there are mutations of the genes that lead to microcephaly, a condition in which a person’s brain is much smaller than the average size for his or her age.1．【M1】正确答案：distinctive —distinct解析：distinctive的意思是“特殊的，特别的”，distinct的意思是“有区别的，不同的”。
2014年英语专业八级真题及详解TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2014)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT:150MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(25MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture.You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY.While listening to the mini-lecture,please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)you fill in is(are)both grammatically and semantically acceptable.You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture.When it is over,you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.How to Reduce StressLife is full of things that cause us stress.Though we may not like stress,we have to live with it.【答案与解析】(1)physical细节题。
这篇讲座主要围绕压力展开。
在提出问题“What is stress”之后，演讲者说到“The term was originally used in physics to describe the force exerted between two touching bodies.That was strictly a term describing a physical reaction”，即stress最初用在物理学中，指两个相互碰撞的物体之间产生的力量，严格地说是一个用来描述物理反应的术语。
TEXT D To get a chocolate out of a box requires a considerable amount of unpacking; the box has to be taken out of the paper bag in which it arrived; the cellophane wrapper has to be torn off, the lid opened and the paper removed; the chocolate itself then has to be unwrapped from its own piece of paper. But this insane amount of wrapping is not confined to luxuries. It is now becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything that is not done up in cellophane, polythene, or paper. The package itself is of no interest to the shopper, who usually throws it away immediately, unless wrapping accounts for much of the refuse put out by the average London household each week. So why is it done? Some of it, like the cellophane on meat, is necessary, but most of the rest is simply competitive selling. This is abused. Packaging is using up scarce energy and resources and messing up the environment. Little reach is being carried out on the costs of alternative types of packaging. Just how possible is it, for instance, for local authorities to salvage paper, pulp it, and recycle it as egg-boxes? Would it be cheaper to plant another forest? Paper is the material most used for packaging —— 20 million paper bags are apparently used in Great Britain each day —— but very little is salvaged. A machine has been developed that pulps paper then processes it into packaging, e.g. egg-boxes and cartons. This could be easily adapted for local authorities use. It would mean that people would have to separate their refuse into paper and non-paper, with a different dustbin for each. Paper is, in fact, probably the material that can be most easily recycled; and now, with massive increases in paper prices, the time has come at which collection by local authorities could be profitable. Recycling of this kind is already happening with milk bottles, which are returned to the dairies, washed out, and refilled. But both glass and paper are being threatened by the growing use of plastic. More and more dairies are experimenting with plastic bottles, and British dairies would be producing the equivalent of enough plastic tubing to encircle the earth every five or six days! The trouble with plastic is that it does not rot. Some environmentalists argue that only solution to the problem of ever growing mounds of plastic containers is to do away with plastic altogether in the shops, a suggestion unacceptable to many manufacturers who say there is no alternative to their handy plastic packs. It is evident that more research is needed into the recovery and re-use of various material and into the cost of collecting and recycling containers as opposed to producing new ones. Unnecessary packaging, intended to be used just once, and making things look better so more people will guy them, is clearly becoming increasingly absurd. But it is not so much a question of doing away with packaging as using it sensibly. What is needed now is a more unimportant function. 45. The "local authorities" are ________. A) the Town council B) the police C) the paper manufacturer D) the most influential citizens 46. If paper is to be recycled ________. A) more forests will have to be planted B) the use of paper bags will have to be restricted C) people will have to use different dustbins for their rubbish D) the local authorities will have to reduce the price of paper 47. The environmentalists think that ________. A) more plastic packaging should be used B) plastic is the most convenient form of packaging C) too much plastic is wasted D) shops should stop using plastic containers TEXT E For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure or theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand that is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldnt be a man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and of the greatest importance, because they also contributing to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human. But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications willhave immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But , in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly. 48. The most important advance made by mankind come from ________. A) technical applications B) apparently useless information C) the natural sciences D) philosophy 49. In the paragraph that follows this passage, we may except the author to discuss ________. A) the value of technical research B) the value of pure research C) philosophy D) unforeseen discoveries 50. The title below that best expressed the ideas of this passage is ________. A) Technical Progress B) A Little Learning is a Dangerous Thing C) Man's Distinguishing Characteristics D) Learning for its Own Sake SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING Directions: In this section there are seven passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your answer sheet. TEXT F First read the following question. 51. The painting discussed in the passage can be found in ________. A. Paris, France B. Washington C. New York D. Moscow, Russia Now, go though TEXT E quickly in order to answer question 31. Russian-born Max Weber grew up in New York, studied art there, and then went back to Europe to familiarize himself with contemporary artistic developments. On returning to the United States, Weber worked in the new styles he had discovered in Paris and soon become recognized as a pioneer of American abstract painting. An example of his work at the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C. is a 1915 painting entitled "Rush Hour, New York." Using abstract, geometrical forms, Weber has expressed the movement, noise, and vibrancy of the great metropolis. The picture blends elements of two European styles: cubism, which shows objects from a number of different angles of vision at the same time, and futurism, which portrays speed and objects in motion. Forceful lines and spiky forms throughout the composition convey the energy and vitality to the city. Weber expresses the citys diversity by juxtaposing forms with rounded and angular shapes to suggest specific elements of the urban landscape: skyscrapers, flashing lights, and hurrying people. 51. The painting discussed in the passage can be found in ________. A) Paris, France B) Washington C) New York D) Moscow, Russia TEXT G First read the following questions. 52. According to the first advertisement, anyone who ________ would receive ten shillings. A. found the umbrella B. gave a message C. left the umbrella at No. 10 Broad Street D. left the umbrellain the City Church 53. This is a story about ________. A. a useless advertisement B. how to make an effective advertisement C. how the man lost and found his umbrella owner D. what the merchant did for the umbrella owner Now read the text quickly and answer questions 33 and 34. A man once said how useless it was to put advertisements in the newspapers. "Last week," said he, "my umbrella was stolen from a London church. As it was a present ,I spent twice its worth in advertising, but I didnt get it back." "How did you write your advertisement?" asked one of the listeners, a merchant. "Here it is," said the man, taking out of his pocket a slip cut from a newspaper. The other man took it and read, "Lost from the City Church last Sunday evening, a black silk umbrella. The gentleman who finds it will receive ten shillings on leaving it at No. 10 Broad Street." "Now," said the merchant, "I often advertise, and find that it pays me well. But the way in which an advertisement is expressed is of extreme importance. Let us try for your umbrella again, and if it fails, Ill buy you a new one." The merchant then took a slip of paper out of his pocket and wrote:" If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening doesnt wish to get into trouble, he will return the umbrella to No. 10 Broad Street. He is well known." This appeared in the paper, and on the following morning, the man was astonished when he opened the front door. In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors that had been thrown in, and his own was among the number. Many of them had notes fastened to them saying that they had been taken by mistake, and begging the loser mot to say anything about the matter. 52. According to the first advertisement, anyone who ________ would receive ten shillings. A) found the umbrella B) gave a message C) left the umbrella at No. 10 Broad Street D) left the umbrella in the City Church 53. This is a story about ________. A) a useless advertisement B) how to make an effective advertisement C) how the man lost and found his umbrella owner D) what the merchant did for the umbrella owners f i d = " 1 1 7 " > 0 0 T E X T H F i r s t r e a d t h e f o l l o w i n g q u e s t i o n s . 5 4 . W h a t i s t h e w i n g s p a n o f t h e G o s s a m e r A l b a t r o s s ? A . 3 3 k i l o g r a m s B . 1 0 0 m e t e r s . C . 3 0 m e t e r s . D . H a l f o f t h e w i n g s p a n o f a D C - 9 . 5 5 . H o w m u c h p o w e r d i d t h e G o s s a m e r A l b a t r o s s n e e d t o k e e p i t f l y i n g ? A . A s m u c h a s a D C - 9 . B . L e s s t h a n o n e h o r s e p o w e r . C . T h e e h o r s e p o w e r . D . T h i r t y h o r s e p o w e r . N o w g o t h r o u g h T E X T H q u i c k l y i n o r d e r t o a n s w e r 3 3 a n d 3 4 I n J u n e 1 9 7 9 , B r y a n A l l e n , a b i o l o g i s t f r o m C a l i f o r n i a w h o i s a l s o a h a n g - g l i d i n g e n t h u s i a s t a n d a n a m a t e u r r a c i n g c y c l i s t , m a d e h i s t o r y b y p e d a l i n g a c r o s s t h e E n g l i s h C h a n n e l i n t h e G o s s a m e r A l b a t r o s s , a s u p e r - l i gh t , p r o p e l l e r - d r i v e n a i r c r a f t i n v e n t e d b y D r . P a u l M c C r e a d y . T h e G o s s a m e r A l b a t r o s s , a 33 - k i l o g r a m ( 7 2 - p o u n d ) a i r c r a f t w i t h a p o l y t h e n e - c o v e r e d f u s e l a g e a n d a w i n g s p a n o f 3 0 me t e r ( 1 0 0f e e t ) , t h e s a m e a s t h a t o f a D C - 9 j e t a i r l i n e r , w a s d r i v e n m o s t l y b y c o n v e n t i o n a l b i c y c l e c o m p o n e n t s . A l l e n s a t o n a b i c y c l e s a d d l e i n s i d e t h e t r a n s p a r e n t f u s e l ag e a n d p e d a l e d a b i c y c l e c r a n k a n d ch ai n - w h e e l t h a t t u r n e d a s p e c i a l u r e t h a n e c h a i n g e a r e d t h r o u g h t w o m o r e c h a i n - w h e e l s t o a p r o p e l l e r m o u n t e d a f t o f t h e w i n g . S h o r t l y a f t e r d a w n t h a t J u n e d a y , t h e A l b a t r o s s r o l l e d d o w n a h a r b o r e d r u n w a y i n F o l k s t o n e , E n g l a n d . P e d a l i n g h a r d , A l l e n g o t t h e a i r c r a f t a l o f t a n d c h u r n e d h i s w a y t o w a r d F r a n c e . A f t e r a l m o s t t h r e e h o u r s o f p e d a l i n g t o p r o d u c e a c o n s t a n t o u t p u t o f a b o u t 0 . 3 h o r s e p o w e r , h e l a n d e d o n a b e a c h n e a r C a l a i s , t h e f i r s t p e r s o n t o f l y a h u m a n - p o w e r e d c r a f t a c r o s s t h e C h a n n e l . A l l e n a n d a n A m e r i c a n t e a m l e d b y D r . M c C r e a d y w e r e a w a r d e d t h e 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 p r i z e b y H e n r y K r e m e r , a B r i t i s h i n d u s t r i a l i s t , f o r t h e f i r s t s u c c e s s f u l n o n s t o p h u m a n - p o w e r e d f l i g h t a c r o s s t h e E n g l i s h C h a n n e l . A l l e n a n d M c C r e a d y w e r e n o s t r a n g e r s t o h u m a n - p o w e r f l i g h t . T h e y a n d t h e A m e r i c a n t e a m h a d p r e v i o u s l y w o n t h e 2 5 , 0 0 0 K r e m e r p r i z e f o r t h e f i r s t s u c h s u s t a i n e d f l i g h t w h e n t h e y h a d s u c c e s s f u l l y f l o w n a o n e - m i l e f i g u r e - e i g h t c o u r s e i n M c C r e a d y s G o s s a m e r C o n d o r . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 1 8 " > 0 0 5 4 . W h a t i s t h e w i n g s p a n o f t h e G o s s a m e r A l b a t r o s s ? / p > p b d s f i d = "1 1 9 " > 0 0 A ) 3 3 k i l o g r a m s / p > p b d s f i d = " 12 0 " > 0 0 B ) 1 0 0 m e t e r s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 1 " > 0 0 C )3 0 m e t e r s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 2 " > 0 0 D ) H a l f o f t h e w i n g s p a n o f a D C - 9 . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 3 " > 0 0 5 5 . H o w m u c h p o w e r d i d t h e G o s s a m e r A l b a t r o s s n e e d t o k e e p i t f l y i n g ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 24 " > 0 0 A ) A s m u c h a s a D C - 9 . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 25 " > 0 0 B ) L e s s t h a n o n e h o r s e p o w e r . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 26 " > 0 0 C ) T h e e h o r s e p o w e r . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 27 " > 0 0 D ) T h i r t y h o r s e p o w e r . / p > p b d s f i d =" 1 2 8 " > / p > / d i v > d i v i d = " f l o a t _ b t n " c l a s s = " " b d s f i d = " 1 2 9 " > b u t t o n c l a s s = " f l o a t _ b t n l e f t _ b t n " i d = " c o p y _ b u t t o n " d a t a - c l i p b o a r d - a c t i o n = " c o p y " d a t a - c l i p b o a r d - t a r g e t = " # c o n t e n t - t x t " o n c l i c k = " d o _ c o p y ( ) ; " b d s f i d = " 1 3 0 " > e m c l a s s = " i c o n " b d s f i d = " 1 3 1 " >。
Computers monitor everything in Singapore from soil composition to location of manholes. At the airport, it took just 15 seconds for the computerized immigration system to scan and approve my passport. It takes only one minute to be checked into a public hospital. By 1998, almost every household will be wired for interactive cable TV and the Internet, the global computer network. Shoppers will be able to view and pay for products electronically. A 24-hour community telecomputing network will allow users to communicate with elected representatives and retrieve information about government services. It is all part of the government’s plan to transform the nation into what it calls the “Intelligent Island”. In so many ways, Singapore has elevated the concept of efficiency to a kind of national ideology. For the past ten years, Singapore’s work force was rated the best in the world-ahead of Japan and the U.S.-in terms of productivity, skill and attitude by the Business Environment Risk Intelligence service. Behind the “Singapore miracle” is a man Richard Nixon described as one of “the ablest leaders I have met,” one who, “in other times and other places, might have attained the world stature of a Churchill.” Lee Kuan Yew led Singapore’s struggle for independence in the 1950s, serving as Prime Minister from 1959 until 1990. Today (1995), at 71, he has nominally retired to the office of Senior Minister, where he continues to influence his country’s future. Lee offered companies tax breaks, political stability, cheap labor and strike-free environment. Nearly 90 percent of Singaporean adults now own their own homes and thanks to strict adherence to the principle of merit, personal opportunities abound. “If you’ve got talent and work hard, you can be anything here,” says a Malaysian-born woman who holds a high-level civil-service position. Lee likes to boast that Singapore has avoided the “moral breakdown” of Western countries. He attributes his nation’s success to strong family ties, a reliance on education as the engine of advancement and social philosophy that he claims is superior to America’s. In an interview with Reader’s Digest, he said that the United States has “lost its bearings” by emphasizing individual rights at the expense of society. “An ethical society,” he said, “is one which matches human rights with responsibilities.” 1.What characterizes Singapore’s advancement is its___. puter monitoring. B.work efficiency. C.high productivity. D.value on ethics. 2.From Nixon’s perspective, Lee is___. A.almost as great as Churchill. B.not as great as Churchill. C.only second to Churchill in being a leader. D.just as great as Churchill. 3.In the last paragraph, “lost its bearings” may mean___. A.become impatient. B.failed to find the right position. C.lost its foundation. D.grown band-mannered. 4.“You can be anything here”(Paragraph 5) may be paraphrased as___. A.You can hope for a very bright prospect. B.You may be able to do anything needed. C.You can choose any job as you like. D.You will become an outstanding worker. 5.In Singapore, the concept of efficiency___. A.has been emphasized throughout the country. B.has become an essential quality for citizens to aim at. C.is brought forward by the government in order to compete with America. D.is known as the basis for building the “Intelligent Island.”。
2014年英语专八考试题答案653390834一、阅读理解(共4题，合计20分)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages.TEXT AWhenever we could, Joan and I took refuge in the streets of Gibraltar. The Englishman's home is his castle because he has not much choice. There is nowhere to sit in the streets of England, not even, after twilight, in the public gardens. The climate, very often, does not even permit him to walk outside. Naturally, he stays indoors and creates a cocoon of comfort. That was the way we lived in Leeds. These southern people, on the other hand, look outwards. The Gibraltarian home is, typically, a small and crowded apartment up several flights of dark and dirty stairs. In it, one, two or even three old people share a few ill-lit rooms with the young family. Once he has eaten, changed his clothes, embraced his wife, kissed his children and his parents, there is nothing to keep the southern man at home. He hurries out, taking even his breakfast coffee at his local bar. He comes home late for his afternoon meal after an appetitive hour at his ear6. He sleeps for an hour, dresses, goes out again and stays out until late at night. His wife does not miss him, for she is out, too — at the market in the morning and in the afternoon sitting with other mothers, baby-minding in the sun.The usual Gibraltarian home has no sitting-room, living-room or lounge. The parlour of our working-class houses would be an intolerable waste of space. Easy-chairs, sofas and such-like furniture are unknown. There are no bookshelves, because there are no books. Talking and drinking, as well as eating, are done on hard chairs round the dining-table, between a sideboard decorated with the best glasses and an inevitable display cabinet full of family treasures, photographs and souvenirs. The elaborate chandelier over this table proclaims it as the hub of the household and of the family. "Hearth and home" makes very little sense in Gibraltar. One's home is one's town or village, and one's hearth is the sunshine.Our northern towns are dormitories with cubicles, by comparison. When we congregate — in the churches it used to be, now in the cinema, say, impersonally, or at public meetings, formally — we are scarcely ever man to man. Only in our pubs can you find the truly gregarious and communal spirit surviving, and in England even the pubs are divided along class lines.Along this Mediterranean coast, home is only a refuge and a retreat. The people live together in the open air — in the street, market-place. Down here, there is a far stronger feeling of community than we had ever known. In crowded and circumscribed Gibraltar, with its complicated inter-marriages, its identity of interests, its surviving sense of siege, one can see and feel an integrated society.To live in a tiny town with all the organization of a state, with Viceroy (总督), Premier, Parliament, Press and Pentagon, all in miniature, all within arm's reach, is an intensive course in civics. In such an environment, nothing can be hidden, for better or for worse. One's successes are seen and recognized;one's failures are immediately exposed. Social consciousness is at its strongest, with the result that there is a constant and firm pressure towards good social behaviour, towards courtesy and kindness. Gibraltar, with all its faults, is the friendliest and most tolerant of places. Straight from the cynical anonymity of a big city, we luxuriated in its happy personalism. We look back on it, like all its exiled sons and daughters, with true affection.我要找茬1 Which of the following best explains the differences in ways of living between the English and the Gibraltarians?[A] The family structure. [B] Religious belief.[C] The climate. [D] Eating habit.选择答案：A B C D不确定答案我要找茬2The italicized part in the third paragraph implies that[A] English working class homes are similar to Gibraltarian ones.[B] English working-class homes have spacious sitting-rooms.[C] English working-class homes waste a lot of space.[D] the English working-class parlour is intolerable in Gibraltar.选择答案：A B C D不确定答案我要找茬3We learn from the description of the Gibraltarian home that it is[A] modern. [B] luxurious. [C] stark. [D] simple.选择答案：A B C D不确定答案我要找茬4There is a much stronger sense of ______ among the Gibraltarians.[A] togetherness [B] survival [C] identity [D] leisure选择答案：A B C D不确定答案我要找茬5According to the passage, people in Gibraltar tend to be well-behaved because of the following EXCEPT[A] the entirety of the state structure, [B] constant pressure from the state.[C] the small size of the town. [D] transparency of occurrences.选择答案：A B C D不确定答案TEXT BFor office innovators, the unrealized dream of the "paperless" office is a classic example of high-tech hubris (傲慢). Today's office drone is drowning in more paper than ever bef ore.But after decades of hype, American offices may finally be losing their paper obsession. T he de2014年专八考试答案653390834mand for paper used to outstrip the growth of the U. S. economy, but the past two or three years have seen a marked slowdown in sales — despite a healthy economic scene.Analysts attribute the decline to such factors as advances in digital databases and comm unication systems. Escaping our craving for paper, however, will be anything but an easy affair."Old habits are hard to break," says Merilyn Dunn, a communications supplies director. " There are some functions that paper serves where a screen display doesn't work. Those f unctions are both its strength and its weakness. "In the early to mid-'90s, a booming economy and improved desktop printers helped boos t paper sales by 6 to 7 percent each year. The convenience of desktop printing allowed o ffice workers to indulge in printing anything and everything at very little effort or cost. But now, the growth rate or paper sales in the United States is flattening by about half a percent each year. Between 2004 and 2005, Ms. Dunn says, plain white office paper will see less than a 4 percent growth rate, despite the strong overall economy. A primary rea son for the change, says Dunn, is that for the first time ever, some 47 percent of the wor kforce entered the job market after computers had already been introduced to offices. "We're finally seeing a reduction in the amount of paper being used per worker in the wo rkplace," says John Maine, vice president of a pulp and paper economic consulting firm. " More information is being transmitted electronically, and more and more people are comfortable with the information residing only in electronic form without printing multiple bac kups. "In addition, Mr. Maine points to the lackluster employment market for white-collar worke rs — the primary driver of office paper consumption — for the shift in paper usage. The real paradigm shift may be in the way paper is used. Since the advent of advanced a nd reliable office-network systems, data storage has moved away from paper archives. T he secretarial art of "filing" is disappearing from job descriptions. Much of today's data m ay never leave its original digital format.The changing attitudes toward paper have finally caught the attention of paper companie s, says Richard Harper, a researcher at Microsoft. "All of a sudden, the paper industry ha s started thinking, 'We need to learn more about the behavioural aspects of paper use, '" he says. "They had never asked, they'd just assumed that 70 million sheets would be bo ught per year as a literal function of economic growth. "To reduce paper use, some companies are working to combine digital and paper capabilit ies. For example, Xerox Corp. is developing electronic paper: thin digital displays that res pond to a stylus, like a pen on paper. Notations can be erased or saved digitally. Another idea, intelligent paper, comes from Anoto Group. It would allow notations made with a stylus on a page printed with a special magnetic ink to simultaneously appear on a computer screen.Even with such technological advances, the improved capabilities of digital storage contin ue to act against "paperlessness," argues Paul Saffo, a technology forecaster. In his prop hetic and metaphorical 1989 essay, "The Electronic Pinata (彩罐)," he suggests that the i ncreasing amounts of electronic data necessarily require more paper."The information industry today is like a huge electronic pinata, composed of a thin pape r crust surrounding an electronic core," Mr. Saffo wrote. The growing paper crust "is mos t noticeable, but the hidden electronic core that produces the crust is far larger — and gr owing more rapidly. The result is that we are becoming paperless, but we hardly notice a t all. "In the same way that digital innovations have increased paper consumption, Saffo says, so has video conferencing — with its promise of fewer in-person meetings — boosting bu siness travel."That's one of the great ironies of the information age ," Saffo says. "It's just common se nse that the more you talk to someone by phone or computer, it inevitably leads to a fac e-to-face meeting. The best thing for the aviation industry was the Internet. "TEXT CWhen George Orwell wrote in 1941 that England was "the most class-ridden country under the sun", he was only partly right. Societies have always had their hierarchies, with so me group perched at the top. In the Indian state of Bihar the Ranveer Sena, an upper-ca ste private army, even killed to stay there.By that measure class in Britain hardly seems entrenched (根深蒂固的). But in another w ay Orwell was right, and continues to be. As a new YouGov poll shows, Britons are surpri singly alert to class 2014年英语专八考试答案653390834— both their own and that of ot hers. And they still think class is sticky. According to the poll, 48% of people aged 30 or over say they expect to end up better off than their parents. But only 28% expect to end up in a different class. More than two-thirds think neither they nor their children will leav e the class they were born into.What does this thing that people cannot escape consist of these days? And what do peop le look at when decoding which class someone belongs to? The most useful identifying m arkers, according to the poll, are occupation, address, accent and income, in that order. The fact that income comes fourth is revealing: though some of the habits and attitudes that class used to define are more widely spread than they were, class still indicates som ething less blunt than mere wealth.Occupation is the most trusted guide to class, but changes in the labour market have ma de that harder to read than when Orwell was writing. Manual workers have shrunk along with farming and heavy industry as a proportion of the workforce, while the number of p eople in white-collar jobs has surged. Despite this striking change, when they were asked to place themselves in a class, Brits in 2006 huddled in much the same categories as the y did when they were asked in 1949. So, jobs, which were once a fairly reliable guide to class, have become misleading.A survey conducted earlier this year by Expertian shows how this convergence on similar types of work has blurred class boundaries. Expertian asked people in a number of differ ent jobs to place themselves in the working class or the middle class. Secretaries, waiters and journalists were significantly more likely to think themselves middle-class than acco untants, computer programmers or civil servants. Many new white-collar jobs offer no m ore autonomy or better prospects than old blue-collar ones. Yet despite the muddle over what the markers of class are these days, 71% of those polled by YouGov still said they f ound it very or fairly easy to figure out which class others belong to.In addition to changes in the labour market, two other things have smudged the borders on the class map. First, since 1945 Britain has received large numbers of immigrants who do not fit easily into existing notions of class and may have their own pyramids to scram ble up. The flow of new arrivals has increased since the late 1990s, multiplying this effect. Second, barriers to fame have been lowered. Britain's fast-growing ranks of celebrities — like David Beckham and his wife Victoria — form a kind of parallel aristocracy open to tal ent, or at least to those who are uninhibited enough to meet the requests of television producers. This too has made definitions more complicated.But many Brits, given the choice, still prefer to identify with the class they were born into rather than that which their jobs or income would suggest. This often entails pretending to be more humble than is actually the case: 220% of white-collar workers told YouGov t hat they consider themselves working class. Likewise, the Expertian survey found that on e in ten adults who call themselves working class are among the richest asset-owners, an d that over half a million households which earn more than $191,000 a year say they are working class. Pretending to be grander than income and occupation suggest is rarer, th ough it happens too.If class no longer describes a clear social, economic or even political status, is it worth pa ying any attention to.9 Possibly, yes. It is still in most cases closely correlated with educa tional attainment and career expectations.TEXT DThe train was whirling onward with such dignity of motion that a glance from the window seemed simply to prove that plains of Texas were pouring eastward. Vast fiats of green grass, dull-hued spaces of mesquite and cactus, little groups of frame houses, woods of li ght and tender trees, all were sweeping into the east, sweeping over the horizon, a preci pice.A newly married pair had boarded this coach at San Antonio. The man's face was redden ed from many days in the wind and sun, and a direct result of his new black clothes was that his brick-coloured hands were constantly performing in a most conscious fashion. Fr om time to time he looked down respectfully at his attire. He sat with a hand on each kn ee, like a man waiting in a barber's shop. The glances he devoted to other passengers w ere furtive and shy.The bride was not pretty, nor was she very young. She wore a dress of blue cashmere, w ith small reservations of velvet here and there, and with steel buttons abounding. She co ntinually twisted her head to regard her puff sleeves, very stiff, and high. They embarras sed her. It was quite apparent that she had cooked, and that she expected to cook, dutif ully. The blushes caused by the careless scrutiny of some passengers as she had entered the car were strange to see upon this plain, under-class countenance, which was drawn in placid, almost emotionless lines.They were evidently very happy. "Ever been in a parlor-car before?" he asked, smiling wi th delight."No," she answered; "I never was. It's fine, ain't it?""Great! And then after a while we'll go forward to the dinner, and get a big lay-out. Fresh meal in the world. Charge a dollar. ""Oh, do they?" cried the bride. "Charge a dollar? Why, that's too much — for us — ain't it, Jack?""Nor this trip, anyhow," he answered bravely. "We're going to go the whole thing. " Later he explained to her about the trains. "You see, it's a thousand miles from one end of Texas to the other; and this runs right across it, and never stops but four times. " He had the pride of an owner. He pointed out to her the dazzling fittings of the coach; and i n truth her eyes opened wider and she contemplated the sea-green figured velvet, the s hining brass, silver, and glass, the wood that gleamed as darkly brilliant as the surface of a pool of oil. At one end a bronze figure sturdily held a support for a separated chamber, and at convenient places on the ceiling were frescos in olive and silver.To the minds of the pair, their surroundings reflected the glory of their marriage that mor ning in San Antonio: this was the environment of their new estate; and the man's face in particular beamed with an elation that made him appear ridiculous to the Negro porter. This individual at times surveyed them from afar with an amused and superior grin. On o ther occasions he bullied them with skill in ways that did not make it exactly plain to the m that they were being bullied. He subtly used all the manners of the most unconquerabl e kind of snobbery. He oppressed them. But of this oppression they had small knowledge, and they speedily forgot that infrequently a number of travelers covered them with stare s of derisive enjoyment. Historically there was supposed to be something infinitely humor ous in their situation."We are due in Yellow Sky at 3:42," he said, looking tenderly into her eyes."Oh, are we?" she said, as if she had not been aware of it. To evince (表现出) surprise at her husband's statement was part of her wifely amiability. She took from a pocket a littl e silver watch: and as she held it before her, and stared at it with a frown of attention, t he new husband's face shone."I bought it in San Anton' from a friend of mine," he told her gleefully."It's seventeen minutes past twelve," she said, looking up at him with a kind of shy and c lumsy coquetry (调情; 卖俏). A passenger, noting this play, grew excessively sardonic, an d winked at himself in one of the numerous mirrors.At last they went to the dining-car. Two rows of Negro waiters, in glowing white suits, su rveyed their entrance with the interest, and also the equanimity (平静), of men who had been forewarned. The pair fell to the lot of a waiter who happened to feel pleasure in ste ering them through their meal. He viewed them with the manner of a fatherly pilot, his c ountenance radiant with benevolence. The patronage, entwined with the ordinary defere nce, was not plain to them. And yet, as they returned to their coach, they showed in thei r faces a sense of escape.With social and economic development, our people have more time and money to visit famous sites of historical interest. Their visits, on the one hand,can enrich their own life and meanwhile bring the sites substantial incomes. On the other hand, too many visits, especially during peak travel peak when there are more visitors, have caused huge problems. One solution to this is to charge higher fees during peak travel seasons, which I think is necessary and I am in complete favor of this decision.As we all know, today there is no entrance fee charged for many parks in our country while almost all famous sites of historical interest still need an entry fee. Some people can not accept this for they think that both parks and famous sites of historical interest are part of public services. They should have free access to them or at least shouldn’t pay too much for the visit since they have already paid taxes to the government. Then it is far impossible for those people to allow the sites to charge higher fees during peak travel seasons.On the surface, the arguments that people opposing to entry fees charged for famous sites of historical interest hold seem reasonable. But in fact, those people have ignored the unique features of famous sites of historical interest which normally imply ample historical and cultural values. Those sites differ from common parks. The relics in these sites are precious and fragile to destroy, and usually need special and professional preservation and administration, which turn out to be an expensive exercise that constantly demands resources. Entry fees must be charged. During peak travel seasons, there is no better measure than raising the entry fees to reduce the number of tourists. The purpose of charging higher fees is t o stop some people’ visits so as to better protect the valuable relics and at the same time ensure the safety of the tourists. It is obvious that some people will give up their visits considering the higher fees. Here economic means are applied to conserve precious things at the sites of historical interest in an appropriate and sustainable way.In a word, due to the unique features of relics and the need of the sustainable protection of sites of historical interest, we must control the number of visitors, especially during the peak travel seasons when there are too many tourists, to diminish the impact of human activities on these sites to its lowest level. And charging higher fees during the peak travel seasons, an effective economic means of regulation will be of great importance.Passage Four (Examinations Exert a Pernicious Influence on Education)We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person’s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were.It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations.For all the pious claim that examinations text what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite.They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person’s true ability and aptitude.As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none.That is because so much depends on them.They are the mark of success of failure in our society.Your whole future may be decided in onefateful day.It doesn’t matter that you weren’t feeling very well, or that you2014年专八考试答案653390834r mother died.Little things like that don’t count：the exam goes on.No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do.The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured.Can we wonder at the increasing number of ‘drop-outs’：young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself.The examination system does anything but that.What hasto be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize.Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming.They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms.Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise.The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress.The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner.Examiners are onlyhuman.They get tired and hungry; they make mistakes.Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time.They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates.And their word carries weight.After a judge’s decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner’s.There must surely be many sim pler and more effective ways of assessing a person’s true abilities.Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils down to in the last analysis.The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall：‘I were a teenage drop-out and now I are a teenage millionaire.’The main idea of this passage is[A] examinations exert a pernicious influence on education.[B] examinations are ineffective.[C] examinations are profitable for institutions.[D] examinations are a burden on students.The author’s attitude toward examinations is[A]detest.[B] approval.[C] critical.[D] indifferent.The fate of students is decided by[A] education.[B] institutions.[C] examinations.[D] students themselves.According to the author, the most important of a good education is[A] to encourage students to read widely.[B] to train students to think on their own.[C] to teach students how to tackle exams.[D] to master his fate.Why does the author mention court?[A] Give an example.[B] For comparison.[C] It shows that teachers’ evolutions depend on the results of examinations.[D] It shows the results of court is more effectise.Vocabularypernicious 有害的，恶性的，破坏性的knack 窍门，诀窍embark 乘船，登记write off 勾销，注销。
专业八级考试试题(三)一、Listening Comprehension (News Broadcast)（共4小题,共4.0分）In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.第1题According to the news, who claimed responsibility for the rocket attack?A A 36-year-old Israeli man.B Palestinian militants.C Israel's offensive.D Hamas【正确答案】：B【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[听力原文]Palestinian rockets fired from the Gaza Strip crashed into the battered Israeli border town of Sterot. The Islamic militant group Hamas claimed responsibility for the attack, in which a 36-year-old Israeli man was killed when his car took a direct hit. He was the second Israeli fatality in the past two weeks, during which time Palestinian militants have fired more than 230 rockets at Israel. The attack brought a stern warning from Prime Minister Ehud Olmert at the weekly Cabinet meeting in Jerusalem. "There is no immunity for anyone involved in terror," Mr. Ohnert said, hinting that the leaders of Hamas could be targeted. "We will decide when, how and to what extent we will act," he said. Mr. Olmert spoke hours after Israel launched a fresh wave of air strikes on Hamas targets in Gaza. About 50 Palestinians, most of them militants, have been killed in the raids which began 12 days ago. Hamas says it is absurd to talk about a truce while Israeli air strikes continue. And in the wake of the deadly rocket attack, Israel's offensive shows no sign of letting up.第2题50 Palestinians or so have been killed in the raids which began ______ago.A 12 weeksB 12 daysC 2 weeksD 2 days【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分第3题Who gathered in a Rome square Saturday for the Family Day rally?A Married couples.B Demonstrators.C Children.D Family associations.【正确答案】：D【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[听力原文]Demonstrators from all over Italy gathered in a Rome square Saturday for the Family Day rally. They listened to songs like this one whose words evoked the need for children to have both a mother and a father. Married couples with their children raised their voices to protest a proposed law that would give greater rights to unmarried couples, including gays and lesbians. This woman says the family is important because society is based on the family and it is a value for everyone, not just Christians. Lay Catholic groups and family associations organized the rally. They stressed the importance of policies that will favor the traditional family unit and family values based on marriage between a man and a woman. Thousands of supporters of the controversial bill organized acounter-rally in Rome's famed Piazza Navona square. They said Italy would be a more civilized country if it gave rights to unmarried and gay couples. The draft legislation still requires parliamentary approval. Prime。
专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.2 percent effective. The results were surprising because both vaccines, one from the French company Sanofi-Aventis and one developed by Genentech but now licensed to Global Solutions for Infectious Diseases, a nonprofit health group, had failed when used individually. “This came out of the blue,” said Chris Viehbacher, Sanofi’s chief executive. Even 31 percent protection “was at least twice as good as our own internal experts were predicting,”he added. In 2004, there was so much skepticism about the trial just after it began that 22 top AIDS researchers published an editorial in Science magazine suggesting that it was a waste of money. One conclusion from the surprising result, said Alan Bernstein, head of the Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise, an alliance of organizations pursuing a vaccine, “is that we’re not doing enough work in humans.” Instead of going back to mice or monkeys, he said, different new variants on the two vaccines could be tried on a few hundred people in several countries. This vaccine was designed to combat the most common strain of the virus in Southeast Asia, so it would have to be modified for the strains circulating in Africa and the United States. Sanofi’s vaccine, Alvac-HIV, is a canarypox virus with three AIDS virus genes grafted onto it. Variations of it were tested in several countries; it was safe but not protective. The other vaccine, Aidsvax, was originally made by Genentech and contains a protein found on the surface of the AIDS virus; it is grown in a broth of hamster ovary cells. It was tested in Thai drug users in 2003 and in gay men in North America and Europe but failed. In 2007, two trials of a Merck vaccine in about 4,000 people were stopped early; it not only failed to work but for some men also seemed to increase the risk of infection. Combining Alvac and Aidsvax was simply a hunch: if one was designed to create antibodies and the other to alert white blood cells, might they work together? One puzzling result—those who became infected had as much virus in their blood whether they got the vaccine or a placebo—suggests that RV 144 does not produce neutralizing antibodies, as most vaccines do, Dr. Fauci said. Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins formed by the body that clump onto invading viruses, blocking the surface spikes with which they attach to cells and flagging them for destruction. Instead, he theorized, it might produce “binding antibodies,” which latch onto and empower effector cells, a type of white blood cell attacking the virus. Therefore, he said, it might make sense to screen all the stored Thai blood samples for binding antibodies. “The humbling prospect of this,” he said, “is that we may not even be measuring the critical parameter. It may be something you don’t normally associate with protection.”Dr. Lawrence Corey, the principal investigator for the HIV Vaccine Trials Network, who was not part of the RV 144 trial, said new work on weakened versions of the smallpox vaccine had produced better pox “spines” that could be substituted for the canarypox. New trials, he added, could be faster and smaller if they were done in African countries where AIDS is more common than in Thailand.36．Which of the following is NOT true about RV 144?A．It has been on trial for six years.B．People who get it are protected against AIDS.C．People who get it are not as easily infected as others.D．It is regarded as a very important finding in the history.正确答案：B解析：此题是事实题。
PART III READING COMPREHENSIONS In this section there are four reading passages followed by fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your Answer Sheet. TEXT A Art of Middle Ages In the art of the Middle Ages, we never encounter the personality of the artist as as individual; rather it is diffused through the artistic genius of centuries embodied in the rules of religious art. Art of the Middle Ages is first a sacred script, the symbols and meanings o which were well settled. The circular halo placed vertically behind the head signifies sainthood, while the halo impressed with a cross signifies divinity. By bare feet, we recognize God, the angels, Jesus Christ and the apostles, but for an artist to have depicted the Virgin Mary with bare feet would have been tantamount to heresy. Several concentric, wavy lines represent the sky, while parallel lines water or the sea. A tree, which is to say a single stalk with two or three stylized leaves, inform us that the scene is laid on earth. A tower with a window indicates a village, and, should an angel be watching from depicted with curly hair, a short beard, and a tonsure, while Saint Paul has always a bald head and a long beard. A second characteristic of this iconography is obedience to a sacred mathematics. "The Divine Wisdom," wrote Saint Augustine, "reveals itself everywhere in numbers", a doctrine attributable to the neo —— Platonists who revived the genius of Pythagoras. Twelve is the master number of the Church and is the product of three, the number of the Trinity, and four, the number of material elements. The number seven, the most mysterious of all numbers, is the sum of four and three. There are the seven ages of man, seven virtues, seven planets. In the final analysis, the seven-tone scale of Gregorian music is the sensible embodiment of the order of the universe. Numbers require also a symmetry. At Charters, a stained glass window show the four prophets, Isaac, Ezekiel, Daniel, and Jeremiah, carrying on their shoulders the four evangelists, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. A third characteristic of art is to be a symbolic language, showing us one thing and inviting us to see another. In this respect, the artist was called upon to imitate God, who had hidden a profound meaning behind the literal and wished nature itself to be a moral lesson to man. Thus, every painting is an allegory. In a scene of the final judgment, we can see the foolish virgins at the left hand of Jesus and the wise at his right, and we understand that this symbolizes those who are lost and those who are saved. Even seemingly insignificant details carry hidden meaning: The lion in a stained glass window is the figure of the Resurrection. These, then, are the defining characteristics of art of the Middle Ages, a system within which even the most mediocre talent was elevated by the genius of the centuries. The artists of the early Renaissance broke with traditional at their own peril. When they are not outstanding, they are scarcely able to avoid insignificance and banality in their religious works, and, even when they are great, they are no more than the equals of the old masters who passively followed the sacred rules. 36. What does the circular halo placed behind the head signify in the art of the Middle Ages? A) divinity B) sainthood C) God D) sky 37. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the characteristics of the art of the Middle Ages? A) It follows a kind of mathematics. B) It's religious art, employing symbols to convey its meanings. C) Art becomes an allegory, beyond each painting some profound meanings are hidden. D) Art of the Middle Ages embodies the personality of the artist in a diffused way. 38. How does the writer value art of the Middle Ages? A) The art of the Middle Ages is elevated by its religious and sacred facet. B) Artists of the Middle Ages were absolutely talented. C) The art of the Middle Ages formed its own unique system. D) The religious works in the Middle Ages reached unparallel height in art. TEXT B "The US economy is rapidly deteriorating," says Mr. Grannis. "The odds of a recession are now very high, perhaps by the end of the year." There are already some signs that important pillars are weakening. Consumer confidence has fallen for the past two months. The housing sector, which has been buoyant, is starting to sink. Corporate profits are falling. Some analysts are especially concerned over the sharp fall of commodity prices. They believe it represents the threat of deflation, it could cause a global slowdown. "The Fed will have to act forcefully to arrest the deflationary forces," says Robert Lamorte, chairman of Behavioral Economics, a consulting firm is San Diego. But other counter that the central bank doesnt need to intervene. They argue the Fed should wait to see real data before acting. "The fundamentals are better than the stock market reflects", says Peter Kretzmer, an economist at Nations-Banc Montgomery Security. Indeed, President Clinton tried to do his part to calm the market during his trip to Moscow, citing the strong job market and balanced budget. "We believe our fundamental economic policy is sound," he said. His comments echoed statements by Peter Rubin in Washington. Some numbers do continue to reflect a strong economy. On sep. 1, the Conference Board released its index of leading indicators. The index rose 0.4 percent, prompting the business organization to predict that the nations output should increase at a moderate pace for the rest of 1998. The group sees little risk of recession in the near term. But what has changed is the global economy. Japan and the rest of Asia are in recession. The woes are spreading to Latin America. "Im now convinced we are going to have a global economic recession," says Sung Won Sohn, chief economist at Norwest Corp, a Minneapolis-based bank. But, he added, its not certain the US will slide into a period of negative growth. He rates the risk of recession at only 10 to 15 percent. "We will be responding to the world economic situation rather than leading it." he says. Still, Fed watchers dont think the central bank will act to try to save the world. "Its inconceivable the Fed could makemuch difference in Asia, Russia, or Latin America," says Lyle Gramley, a former Fed governor. After the last stock market crash, in 1987, the Federal Reserve acted quickly to provide liquidity to the markets and to lower interest rates. But the economy is in better shape this time. The banking sector is stronger and the financial markets have been able to respond the enormous trading volume. "It is not the Feds job to manage the stock market," says Mr. Kretzmer. But the Fed will keep a close watch on Wall Street. If the market were to shave another 1,500 points off the Dow by the end of September, "then the Fed would think about lowering interest rates," says Mr. Gramley. In his view, the Feds main concern will be the impact of a sliding market on consumer confidence. Since 40 percent of the nation has investments in the stock market, any prolonged slide might make individuals feel less wealthy. They would cut back on vacations and "splurge" purchases. He expects the central bank to watch the next consumer confidence surveys and housing statistics closely. 39. What did President Clinton try to do during his trip to Moscow? A) to pacify the market B) to make a speech on American economy. C) to intervene D) to cooperate with Russian to pursue sustainable development. 40. What is the Fed's main concern according to Mr. Gramley? A) to provide liquidity to the market B) to keep a close watch on Wall Street, if there is a stock market crash, it will lower interest rates C) to observe the influence of a sliding market on consumer confidence and give a timely response D) to prevent the stock market from sliding too much 41. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for this passage? A) Threat of Deflation in US. B) Economic Situation in US. C) Where US Economy is Heading. D) The Sign of Recession in US Economy.。
专业英语八级模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：Welcome back study abroad returnees! As you may or may not realize, you are now experiencing what is known as “re-entry”. You may have heard it referred to as re-entry culture shock, or return culture shock. Regardless of the name, coming home from study abroad can be a challenging and difficult time, and it can also be the time when you learn the most from your cross-cultural experience. As you re-adjust to the culture of the country, it may be helpful to know a little more about what you are going through and some positive ways of dealing with it. Re-entry can be defined as the often unexpected and sometime difficult experience of re-adjusting to life in one’s home culture after living abroad. Some study abroad returnees do not find re-entry to be difficult; however, most returnees experience some degree of stress upon returning home. In fact, for many students the process of re-adapting to home after study abroad is even more difficult than adjusting to the host culture! Re-entry is different for everyone, just as your experience abroad was unique and special However, there are some common re-adjustment issues that study abroad students report. You may have experienced a challenge to your beliefs, convictions, values and world view while you were immersed in a different culture. You may have also experienced more academic freedom and personal independence while abroad. You may feel that you have matured and become more self-confident. You have undoubtedly changed in many ways. One of the greatest challenges of re-entry is having to adjust your “new” self to your “old” home. It is very common for returnees to experience loss of identity during this time. Just as your attitudes changed while you were abroad, you probably developed new knowledge, skills, and behavior patterns. For example, you probably developed competencies that helped you survive in your everyday life overseas, such as learning to find your way around a new city, to act ill a culturally appropriate manner, and to converse about new subjects, and of course, foreign language skills. Other new competencies may include new knowledge about your major, new research skills, and new problem-solving skills. Some returnees feel frustrated if they feel these skills are of little use once they returnhome. Some study abroad returnees say the most difficult issue to deal with when they return home is relationships with family and friends. It is important to realize that other people did not stay the same while you were gone. Also, all of your changes will undoubtedly affect your family and friends. Many returnees describe feelings of alienation, and some say they feel pressure from family and friends to revert back to the person they were before studying abroad. Perhaps the most difficult, and most common, aspect of this issue is telling others about the overseas experience. Many returnees find that beyond polite inquiries and general questions, their friends and family do not seem to be very interested in hearing about their experiences. Then how should those study abroad returnees cope with re-entry? In fact, there are many positive ways of coping with re-entry. The process of re-adjustment can take weeks or months, and it is very important to give yourself time to cope with the experience. Perhaps the most vital coping strategy is to recognize that what you are going through is normal and very, very common. Expect a period of stress, and know that re-entry is a natural part of the re-adjustment process. The following are coping strategies suggested by study abroad returnees. Talk with people who understand your situation. All of us in the Office of Off-Campus Study have spent time abroad and love to hear about your experiences, and we can also help put you in touch with other returnees. Keep in touch with people from your host country and from your program. Tell others about your study abroad experience. Let the Office of Off-Campus Study know if you would be interested in speaking with prospective study abroad students or helping with pre-departure meetings or other international events. Write an article for publications such as Campus, Abroad View, etc. Telling others who really want to hear about your experience can be a wonderful way to keep your study abroad experience alive. Continue being a multi-cultural person. Seek out situations in which international experiences and perspectives are appreciated. The Office of Off-Campus Study can tell you about opportunities to get involved in working on international events on campus, for example. Use your international perspective and skills to work on issues in the country. For example, you can seize some volunteer opportunities to make contact with different cultures. In conclusion, re-entry can be a time of stress, confusion, and tremendous personal growth. As you go through this experience, remember that re-entry is just another phase of cultural adjustment, and just as you adapted to your host culture, you will be able to re-adapt to the country. Remember to look positively on your reentry experience, and allow it to help you look at your own culture as if you were discovering it for the first time.Coming Home: Life After Studying Abroad Many returnees who have studied abroad may suffer re-entry culture shock when they go back to their home-town. Here some positive ways of dealing with the return culture shock are introduced.Ⅰ. The 【1】______ of Re-Entry Re entry is one’s 【2】______ experience of re-adjusting to life in one’s home culture after living abroad. For many study abroad returnees, it is more difficult to adjust to their home culture than the 【3】______ .Ⅱ. Some Common Re-Adjustment Issues 1. Personal growth and change When you come back, you have changed in many ways because you have experienced more freedom and 【4】______ living abroad. You have toadjust your new self to your old home. 2. New Knowledge and Skills When living abroad, you might develop new competencies including new knowledge, skills and 【5】______ . Some returnees feel frustrated if they feel these skills are of little use once they return home. 3. Relationships With Family and Friends Personal changes of returnees affect their families and friends who show little interest in hearing about their new experiences and attempt to make them 【6】______ to what they once were.Ⅲ. 【7】______ Dealing with Re-Entry Problems 1. Talk with people who understand 【8】______ , for example, other returnees. 2. Share your experiences with 【9】______ study abroad students or write an article for some publications. 3. Be 【10】______. You may get involved in work where international experiences and perspectives are appreciated.1．【1】正确答案：Definition2．【2】正确答案：unexpected/difficult3．【3】正确答案：host culture4．【4】正确答案：personal independence5．【5】正确答案：behavior patterns6．【6】正确答案：revert back7．【7】正确答案：Coping Strategies/Strategies8．【8】正确答案：your situation9．【9】正确答案：prospective10．【10】正确答案：a multi-cultural person/multi-culturalSECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.听力原文：M: A new book explains why girls feel the pressure more than boys, it is called Stressed-out Girls—Helping Them Thrive in the Age of Pressure, the author is psychologist Roni-Cohen-Sandier. Roni, good morning. Good to see you.W: Thank you!M: I usually hate to start by saying, let me play devil’s advocate to keep it. Let me play it for a second. When I was a kid, I thought it need to be good in soccer, in baseball, and to look good, and wear the right clothes, and be popular, and do well academically, so why is it harder for girls than boys?W: Well, it’s true, Matt, that boys academically want to succeed just as much as girls, but there are two issues. One is that girls face such more intense social pressures during middle school and high school. You know, they want to be seen as looking good, and especially they have issues about body-image appearance that boys don’t have. For example, girls that I spoke to, for this book, told me about waking up early in the morning, sometimes an hour or more, to blow dry their hair, to put make-up on, to make sure that their make-up wasn’t too much or too little, and especially to pick out their out fits because they know that what they wear will say something very important about them.M: You’ve surveyed, I think, 3,000 girls for this book, and you talk about the fact that girls tend to view their or experience their relationships in a different way than boys do, explain that.W: Well, they care so much about their relationships, how their relationships are going well. We’re talking friendships here, every kind of relationship, um, their relationship with teachers, their relationship with parents, their relationships with their peers. And in fact, unless they feel like their relationships are going well, Matt, they can’t feel successful. Boys are much more likely to slough it off, but for girls they go through their school day much differently, thinking about how their relationships are going.M: This needs to feel extraordinary or to be extraordinary in so many different areas of their lives. More extraordinary than boys apparently they feel they have to be, how does that impact their personalities with that, the weight on their shoulder?W: Well, they think that they have to be great in everything, and of course, they have limitations. And when they have limitations, they feel like they can’t, they can’t please people. They feel like they are just not good enough, that their best isn’t good enough, and they end up feeling terrible about themselves, and sometimes they give up, they start feeling like they’re hopeless and not trying this hard.M: Let’s talkabout some things that parents can do to look for signs of hidden stress, not obvious stress.W: Right, the girls tend to keep their stress in, because they want to please people. So, you know, every girl, for example, is going to be irritable and tired sometimes, but the key is if it becomes a pattern or she suddenly starts saying she hates school or complains about certain teachers, parents should really think about the fact that maybe something stressful is going on.M: Help create a sensible schedule, big peppy, that I think so many kids are over-scheduled, you got to create downtime.W: Absolutely, and parents need to be the voice of reason here, I suggest no more than once work per season, that they make sure that their daughters have at least one free period during the school day, and especially they have a couple of days after school. They just rest and relax, relax and rest, and have downtime.M: All right. So, and also help develop tangible goals, and I would imagine that wouldn’t be: get straight-As, or you’ve got to get 1,600 on your SATs, what are tangible goals?W: Tangible goals are: do your homework at night before you go to bed instead of trying to do it in the morning before a class or read over your papers before you hand them in, so you don’t make careless mistakes, or read your textbooks again before you take a big test for example.M: Give it your best effort, but don’t worry about the results as much.W: Absolutely!M: That’s good advice and the last one of course: don’t be afraid to make mistakes.W: For sure.M: Thanks so much. Good to have you here.W: Thanks for having me.11．The interviewer used to care about all the following things EXCEPTA．doing well in some sports.B．having good body-image looking.C．wearing appropriate clothes.D．being popular with other kids.正确答案：B12．Which of the following is NOT an example of the relationships girls attach importance to?A．Their relationships with classmates.B．Their relationships with parents.C．Their relationships with teachers.D．Their relationships with boys.正确答案：D13．When girls have limitations in face of pressure, they mightA．stop trying hard.B．suffer from indignation.C．end up crying out.D．accept the fact calmly.正确答案：A14．Parents should be aware of the hidden stress of their daughters whenA．the girls are irritable sometimes.B．the girls are exhausted someday.C．the girls say they hate school.D．the girls lie and play truant.正确答案：C15．One way for the girls to thrive in the age of pressure is toA．develop intangible ideas.B．set touchable goals.C．forget about their stress.D．talk with their parents.正确答案：BSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.听力原文：The French President Jacque Chirac has ordered the return to port of a decommissioned aircraft carrier after the highest court in France halted its final voyage to an Indian scrap yard. Environmental groups including Greenpeace say that asbestos on board the ship the Clemenceau will be a health hazard to any workers involved in dismantling it. The Clemenceau has proved a toxic headache for France, with this just the latest chapter in a series of embarrassments. Now, France’s highest court has issued a ruling, ordering the transfer to be suspended and President Chirac has agreed that the Clemenceau should return to France until a definitive solution is found. The issue had already begun to overshadow his visit to India due at the end of this week. The French President is also ordering test to discover exactly how much asbestos is still on board.16．France’s highest court halted the final voyage of the Clemenceau because A．the French President Jacque Chirac has ordered the return of it.B．some substances on board the ship may harm people’s health.C．the Clemenceau should return to France at the end of the week.D．the French President is ordering a test to discover what is on board.正确答案：B听力原文：The American Vice President Dick Cheney has said he accepts full responsibility for accidentally shooting and injuring a fellow hunter over the weekend. Mr. Cheney has been coming under increasing pressure over the incident. The White House did not report the shooting until a day after it took place. And theDemocratic Party’s leader in the Senate, Harry Reid, has accused the Bush Administration of being secretive. Harry Whittington, the elderly lawyer who was shot by Mr. Cheney has since suffered a minor heart attack at the hospital in Texas where he is being treated. In his first comment since the incident, Mr. Cheney said he had shot a friend. “Ultimately, I am the guy who pulled the trigger that fired the round to hit Harry. And, you can talk about all of the other conditions that existed at the time, but that’s the bottom line. And there was no... That was not Harry’s fault. You can’t blame anybody else.”17．The man Mr. Cheney accidentally shot and injured isA．a doctor.B．a secretary.C．a lawyer.D．a leader.正确答案：C18．The Bush Administration has been accused by Harry Reid ofA．being covert.B．shielding Dick.C．being dishonest.D．attacking the victim.正确答案：A听力原文：The United States has strongly criticized the broadcast of previously unseen images of alleged prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib Prison in Iraq. The images, which show prisoners apparently being tortured and humiliated, have been shown on television stations across the world. The American Defense Department confirmed the authenticity of the pictures, but said releasing them could only serve to incite unnecessary violence. The American authorities are very unhappy that these new disturbing images from Abu Ghraib have seen the light of day. The State Department has dismissed them as disgusting and defended the US government’s decision to try and stop their publication.19．Which of the following statements about the American Defense Department is TRUE?A．It has denied the authenticity of the pictures of abused prisoners.B．It has supported the decision to stop the publication of the pictures.C．It has considered the pictures of abused prisoners unacceptable.D．It has been worrying about the violence incited by the pictures.正确答案：D听力原文：The front-runner in the presidential election in Haiti Rene Preval has accused the electoral authorities of committing fraud in an attempt to stop himwinning outright. With almost all the votes counted, Mr. Preval is just short of the majority needed to avoid a second round. Two people were killed during unrest in the city. The United Nations Security Council has called for calm and extended the mandate of its peace mission in Haiti by six months. According to official election figures with around 90 per cent of the votes counted, Rene Preval is just short of the 50 per cent he needs to avoid a second round runoff. Speaking in the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince, he said he’d seen gross errors and probably gigantic fraud. Claiming a first round victory, he urged his supporters to keep up protests, but he also called them on to be mature, responsible and non-violent.20．If Rene Preval’s supporters exceeded 50% of the total voters, he wouldA．surpass another candidate.B．be the president of Haiti.C．avoid a second round runoff.D．defeat his rival in the first round.正确答案：CPART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Few modern travel writers excite more hostility and awe than Sir Wilfred Thesiger, who died in 2003. Despising the “drab uniformity of the modern world”, Sir Wilfred slogged across Africa and Asia, especially Arabia, on animals and on foot, immersing himself in tribal societies. He delighted in killing-lions in Sudan in the years before the second world war, Germans and Italians during it. He disliked “soft”living and “intrusive” women and revered murderous savages, to whom be gave guns. He thought educating the working classes a waste of good servants. He kicked his dog. His journeys were more notable as feats of masochistic endurance than as exploration. Yet his first two books, Arabian Sands, about his crossing of the Empty Quarter, and The Marsh Arabs, about southern Iraq, have a terse brilliance about them. As records of ancient cultures on the point of oblivion, they are unrivalled. Sir Wilfred’s critics invariably sing the same chorus. They accuse him of hypocrisy, noting that his part-time primitive lifestyle required a private income and good connections to obtain travel permits. They argue that he deluded himself about the motives of his adored tribal companions. In Kenya, where he lived for two decades towards the end of his life, his Samburu “sons”are calculated to have fleeced him of at least $ 1m. Homosexuality, latent or otherwise, explains him, they conclude, pointing to the photographs he took of beautiful youths. This may all be true, but it does not diminish his achievements. Moreover, he admits as much himself in his autobiography and elsewhere, in 1938, before his main travels, for example, Sir Wilfred wrote of his efforts to adopt foreign ways:”I don’t delude myself that Isucceed but I get my interest and pleasure trying.”In this authorised biography, Alexander Maitland adds a little colour to the picture, but no important details. He describes the beatings the explorer suffered at his first boarding school. Quoting from Sir Wilfred’s letters, he traces the craggy traveler’s devotion to his dead father, his mother and three brothers. At times, Sir Wilfred sounds more forgiving, especially of friends, and more playful than his reputation has suggested. As for his sexuality, Mr. Maitland refers coyly to occasional “furtive embraces”, presumably with men. Wearisome as this topic has become, Mr. Maitland achieves nothing by skirting it; and his allusion to Sir Wilfred’s “almost too precious”relationship with his mother is annoyingly vague. There may be a reason why Mr. Maitland struggles for critical distance. He writes that he and Sir Wilfred were long-standing friends, but he fails to mention that he collaborated with the explorer on four of his books and later inherited his London flat. If Mr. Maitland found it so difficult to view his late friend and benefactor objectively, then perhaps he should not have tried. An earlier biography by Michael Asher, who scoured the deserts to track down Sir Wilfred’s former fellow travellers, was better; Mr. Maitland seems to have interviewed almost nobody black or brown. His book is, however, a useful companion to the explorer’s autobiography, The Life of My Choice. Hopefully, it will also refer readers back to Sir Wilfred’s two great books, and to sentences as lovely as this:”Memories of that first visit to the Marshes have never left me: firelight on a half-turned face, the crying of geese, duck flighting in to feed, a boy’s voice singing somewhere in the dark, canoes moving in procession down a waterway, the setting sun seen crimson through the smoke of burning reed-beds, narrow waterways that wound still deeper into the Marshes.”21．Which of the following is TRUE of Sir Wilfred Thesiger?A．He enjoyed killing lions, tigers, etc.B．He loved unintrusive women.C．He advocated educating servants.D．He longed for primitive life.正确答案：D解析：本题是细节题。
专业英语八级（翻译）模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 5. TRANSLATIONPART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESEDirections: Translate the following text into Chinese.1．Chinese Americans retain many aspects of their ancient culture, even after having lived here for several generations. For Example, their family ties continue to be remarkably strong (encompassing grandparents, uncles, aunts, cousins, and others). Members of the family lend each other moral support and also practical help when necessary. From a very young age children are imbued with the old values and attitudes, including respect for their elders and a feeling of responsibility to the family. This helps to explain why there is so little juvenile delinquency among them. The high regard for education which is deeply imbedded in Chinese culture, and the willingness to work very hard to gain advancement, are other noteworthy characteristics of theirs. This explains why so many descendants of uneducated laborers have succeeded in becoming doctors, lawyers, and other professionals. (Many of the most outstanding Chinese American scholars, scientists, and artists are more recent arrivals, who come from China’s former upper class and who represent its high cultural traditions.)正确答案：比方说，他们的家庭关系还是异常紧密(包括祖父母、叔伯、姑姨、堂兄妹，还有其他人)。
Given the lack of fit between gifted students and their schools, it is not surprising that such students often have little good to say about their school experience. In one study of 400 adul who had achieved distinction in all areas of life, researchers found that three-fifths of these individuals either did badly in school or were unhappy in school. Few MacArthur Prize fellows, winners of the MacArthur Award for creative accomplishment, had good things to say about their precollegiate schooling if they had not been placed in advanced programs.Anecdotal ( 名⼈轶事 ) reports support this. Pablo Picasso, Charles Darwin, Mark Twain, Oliver Gold smith, and William Butler Yeats all disliked school. So did Winston Churchill, who almost failed out of Harrow, an elite British school. About Oliver Goldsmith, one of his teachers remarked, "Never was so dull a boy." Often these children realize that they know more than their teachers, and their teachers often feel that these children are arrogant, inattentive, or unmotivated. Some of these gifted people may have done poorly in school because their, gifts were not scholastic. Maybe we can account for Picasso in this way. But most fared poorly in school not because they lacked ability but because they found school unchallenging and consequently lost interest. Yeats described the lack of fit between his mind and school: "Because I had found it difficult to attend toanything less interesting than my own thoughts, I was difficult to teach. " As noted earlier, gifted children of all kinds tend to be strong-willed nonconformists. Nonconformity and stubbornness (and Yeatss level of arrogance and self-absorption) are like ly to lead to Conflicts with teachers. When highly gifted students in any domain talk about what was important to the development of their abilities, they are far more likely to mention their families than their schools or teachers. A writing prodigy (神童) studied by David Feldman and Lynn Goldsmith was taught far more about writing by his journalist father than his English teacher. High-IQ children, in Australia studied by Miraca Grosshad much more positive feelings about their families than their schools. About half of the mathematicians studied by Benjamin Bloom had little good to say about school. They all did well in school and took honors classes when available, and some skipped grades.26、he main point the author is making about schools is thatA) they should satisfy the needs of students from different family backgroundsB) they are often incapable of catering to the needs of talented studentsC) they should organize their classes according to the students abilityD) they should enroll as many gifted students as possible27、The author quotes the remarks of one of Oliver Goldsmiths teachersA) to provide support for his argumentB) to illustrate the strong will of some gifted childrenC) to explain how dull students can also be successfulD) to show how poor Olivers performance was at school28、 Pablo Picasso is listed among the many gifted children whoA) paid no attention to their teachers in classB) contradicted their teachers much too oftenC) could not cope with their studies at school successfullyD) behaved arrogantly and stubbornly in the presence of their teachers29、A) mainly to parental help and their education at homeB) both to school instruction and to their parents coachingC) more to their parents encouragement than to school trainingD) less to their systematic education than to their talent30、The root cause of many gifted students having bad memories of theirschool years is thatA) their nonconformity brought them a lot of troubleB) they were seldom praised by their teachersC) school courses failed to inspire or motivate themD) teachers were usually far stricter than their parents参考答案：BACAC。
Another area rapidly being expanded is oversea telephone service. In 1927, when overseas telephone service was inaugurated with a radio telephone call between New York and London, the occasion was heralded as thrilling. Today, many, many telephone users regard international calls as routine, and overseas service, thanks largely to undersea cables and communications satellites, has undergone extraordinary improvement. Transmission has been made clearer, charges have been greatly reduced, and dependability has been improved. Overseas telephone service has now been extended to nearly 250 countries and areas throughout the world.The introduction of direct distance dialing in 1951 was one of the most significant developments in the effort of improving long-distance service. Direct distance dialing is not only fast and convenient for the caller, it has also enabled telephone companies to handle the extraordinary growth of telephone use that has occurred since the 1950s. Between 1950s and 1973, the number of telephones in the United States more than tripled, with the addition of 90 million telephones. For the Bell Telephone System alone long-distance calls in the same period have increased from 1.4 billion to 8.5 billion, and indications are that long-distance traffic will continue to increase significantly in the years ahead. In 1972, 77 percent of the 8.5 billion long-distance messages were dialed by the customer.Another very significant development in telephone use is in the area of data communications. Here is an example of how medical data are being transmitted. In a small town in the western part of the United States about 300 people gathered in the local school to undergo tests for lung and respiratory diseases such as emphysema. The procedures followed marked a major advance in detecting emphysema and allied diseases by providing almost instantaneous computer diagnosis over long distance telephone lines. First, technicians at the school usedtouch-tone telephones to send vital statistics on the person being tested to the exhaled into a Spiro meter, which measures volume and rate of air exhalation, and these measurements were automatically transmitted to the computer. The computer instantly calculated the results and within two seconds relayed them back to the testing center. Normally, it takes hours or even weeks to evaluate Spiro meter measurements -- and a lapse of weeks in detecting emphysema can seriously affect the outcome of treatment. By utilizing a computer and communications. However, the time lag is reduced to seconds. Moreover, people in a remote community are put within arm's length of the most up-to-date medical facilities available.36. What does "communication service on the move" mean?A. Communication enables the world move more efficiently so that we are living in a mobile society.B. Communication can be carried on almost anywhere in the world.C. Mobile communication service.D. Communication has been upgraded ever since the first telephone was invented.正确答案是37. What are the advantages of direct distance dialing?A. It's fast and convenient for the caller.B. It's easy to handle either for the caller or the telephone company, as well as (A).C. It lowers the cost of telephone service.D. All of the above.正确答案是38. The selection can be best categorized as ____.A. argumentationB. objective description.C. exposition.D. narration.正确答案是TEXT BUps and DownsI was convinced that roller coasters were invented in Nazi Germany to conduct fiendish experiments on unsuspecting children who did not ear their vegetables. My earliest memory of riding a "death machine" was when I was 9. A friend of my parents was going to Astro World and invited us to come along. Being the natural adventures that we were, my sister, brother and I decided to journey with them. After arriving there, I somehow found myself waiting in line to ride the notorious Texas Cyclone. Yes, the roller coaster with the sign that should read:PLEASE SECURE ALL LOOSE ITEMS SUCH AS GLASSES; DENTURES; HAIRPIECES; VITAL ORGANS; SMALL, ORIENTAL 9-YEAR-OLDS; ETC. IF YOU HA VE NO WISH OF DYING, THEN GET OUT OF LINE NOW. THANK YOU."Oh, it's a lot of fun," said Lan, one of the older girls I was with. I was beginning to worry, nonetheless."This is a wooden roller coaster?" I asked."Yeah, it's one of the last ones around," boasted Lan.She reassured me a few more times that the ride was perfectly safe and that the odds of getting killed were as slim as something comparable to ... ohhh, living past the age of 9. I smiled to show her that I was totally relaxed and ready for the ride. But deep in the left lobe of my brain I was thinking. "WHADDAYA MEAN WOOD?!! WHA T ABOUT TERMITES?!! Has it not occurred to you that the reason the Cyclone was one of the last wooden coasters around was that people have better things to do than die by being flung from a few stories up off the rails at a gazillions miles an hour?"I stood in line watching others, with the sun filtering through the rafters, twitching my leg nervously. The heat sought us out through the patches of sun, and my legs began to ache from standing. For some odd reason I stayed in line. I'll try to explain this phenomenon as best as I can. You see, all males are forced by some masculine gland, located next to the pancreas, to get on a roller coaster even if they are scared to the point of a bladder-control loss. We are obliged by the girls standing behind us in line to get on the ride or risk the girls thinking that we, the studs we are, are of their gender if we don't. I finally got onto the ride hoping for a quick end. I actually prayed (honest, I'm not lying) and people in line laughed. I thought it eased the situation a bit.I stepped into the car and put the safety bar over my lap. A mad dash for the exit was impossible. There were girls around, so I couldn't leave. The ride attendants checked the bars in the seats to see if they were secure by giving a little tug on each of them. I gulped loudly and grabbed hold of the bars firmly enough to choke a horse. The cars shoved off as we headed of to "concussion city." Clank. Clank. Clank. We approached the dropping point. For a split second I could see the whole park, and then WHOOSH! My stomach hit the ceiling of my skull and was about to escape via my ears as we hit the bottom. The ride did not stop until the end of the Reagan administration. I could hardly recall what happened because I was about to lose consciousness and depart my physical body. I did not breathe for the duration of the ride, and my pale, white knuckles could have been pried off the safety bar only with a crowbar and several power tools.I would cry this fear of roller coaster and dropping at great height for the next eight years. I tried my best to stay away from the larger rides and always took the "easy" ride with no steep drops. Embarrassment followed me every time I was near a roller coaster. I suffered a form of uncanny acrophobia commonly referred to by leading medical researchers as well "chicken".This past summer I found myself at the prestigious King's Island Amusement Park (also known asSpend-All-Your-Money-To-Us-Park) in Cincinnati, Ohio, with my relatives. I decided that in order to conquer my fear I had to, like any rational person would, totally avoid it. However, for some odd reason, the dormant masculine gland resurfaced, and I was forced to get on a ride with girls waiting in line behind me. I took my younger cousin with me, also. This was so I could sit in the designated "41 wuss-section" (or the middle) of the looping Pirate Ship and not be embarrassed because I had a small child with me. I pretended to act cool by talking through the whole ride to my cousin, who was concentrating on not dispersing the contents of these words:Me: WHOOOAHH! Here comes another one!Him: Uh huh.Me: WHOOOAHH! MOMMY!Him: Blurgh! (sound of him vomiting)People below: Look out! In coming!Before long I found myself on the ride, not assuming the fatal position. That day I went to some other big rides and managed to seem (in the least sense of the word) "manly". I credited my conquering the rides to my masculine gland. You know, it could have been my stupidity gland.39. The tone of the passage can most probably be described as ____.A. tragicB. comicC. nostalgicD. facetious正确答案是40. Which of the following statement is True according to the passage?A. Roller coasters were invented by a German.B. Oriental children are not allowed to ride a roller coaster.C. The speed of the roller coaster is two gazillion miles per hour.D. The writer did not ride another roller coaster for eight years after his first ride.正确答案是41. How did the writer conquer his fear?A. It should be attributed to his masculine gland.B. He pretended to seem manly to the roller coaster, and nothing serious happened, so he was no longer scared at it.C. He has outgrown the childish fear of big ride.D. He had to pretend to be manly before his cousin.正确答案是TEXT CWhat's Right About Being Left-HandedImagine you are Alice, stepping through the looking glass. Suddenly everything is reversed. Doorknobs are on the wrong side of the door. The gearshift in your car is in the wrong place. Handles on can openers are on the wrong side and turn the wrong way.Millions of people wake up every day in just such a predicament. They are left-handed and must face the built-in bias of a world designed for the right-handed majority. In a society of rights (from Anglo-Saxon right for "direct, upright, correct") and righteousness, the southpaw is left. (Anglo-Saxon left, for "weak") with leftovers andleft-handed compliments.Why we are left- or right-handed remains one of the great unsolved mysteries of science. We know that nearly two out of three lefties are male and that left-handedness runs in families. According to one study, almost half the offspring of two left-handed parents will be southpaws. The Scot-Irish family Kerr (from the Gaelic word for "left") produced so many left-handers that in 1470 the family built its castle's spiral stairways with a reverse twist to favor southpaw swordsmen.On the other hand, heredity alone cannot explain lefties. At least 84 percent of them are born of two right-handed parents. And in 12 percent of genetically identical twins, one will be be right-handed, the other left.Perhaps the greatest puzzle of all is not why some people are left-handed, but rather why so few are. In virtually every other species, from chimpanzees to chinchillas, roughly equal numbers of individuals will favor either the right or the left. However, scientists are trying to set things right, and they are beginning to gain insight into the many ways southpaws differ from "northpaws", by considering how their brains work.Many of the circuits in the human central system operate through crossed laterality -- that is, the right hand is "wired" to the left side of the brain, and vice versa. In at least 95 percent of right-handers, the speech-language center is in the brain's left hemisphere. Yet only about 15 percent of left-handers are similarly hooked up, withspeech controlled by the opposite, or right, hemisphere. According to Jerre Levy, a biopsychologist at Illinois' University of Chicago, about 70 percent of left-handers have speech controlled by the left side of the brain, while the remaining 15 percent have their language-control centers in both hemisphere.Broadly speaking, the left side of the brain is thought by some scientists to process linear, logical information, while the right side tends more toward processing emotion and mood. This may be why lefties are at significantly higher risk of schizophrenia, phobias and manic-depression, and in one study were shown to be three times more likely to attempt suicide.Southpaws can be more sensitive to a variety of drugs, too. Peter Irwin, a senior clinical research scientist at Sansoz Institute in East Hanover, New Jersey, found that, after taking such medications as aspirin, antidepressants, sedatives and antihistamines, lefties had greater changes in electrical activity in the brain than righties did. As if this weren't enough, southpaws, appear to be twice as prone to autoimmune diseases, including diabetes, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis and myasthenia gravis.With such liabilities, how have left-handers managed to survive at all? The good news is that there is a very high side to being a left. Camilla Benbow, associate professor of psychology at Iowa State University, surveyed students who scored in the top 100th of one percent in math on America's Scholastic Aptitude Test. She discovered that fully 20 percent of these math geniuses were left-handed-double the proportion of lefties in the population. Mensa, the high-I.Q. society, estimates that 20 percent of its members are left-handed.Indeed, the ability to integrate what some researchers call the more "logical" left side of the brain and the more "intuitive" or "artistic" right side may have helped lefties excel.Among history's most famous left-handed warriors were Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Charlemagne, Joan of Arc and Napoleon (as well as his consort, Josephine). Michelangelo sculpted David holding, in his left hand, the sling used to slay Goliath. (The Bible makes note of some 700 lefties who could "sling stones at a hairbreadth and not miss.")Though most people believe that handedness is a simple either/or proportion, this is incorrect. Chances are that you are more nearly ambidextrous than you realize. You can, for example, probably write quite well with your left hand even if you have always been right-handed.To find our, take a large piece of paper, turned sideways, and pick up a pencil in each hand. With your right hand, slowly sign your name, and with your left hand match each movement in reverse, with both hands moving in opposite directions away from the paper's center. After a few tries, hold your left-handed reverse signature up to a mirror. You'll be surprised how much it resembles your forward right-handed writing.For years, many lefties have felt they were targets of discrimination. But they have begun to assert their rights. In 1980, when part-time police officer Franklin W. "Woody" Winborn was fired in Riverside, Missouri, activists rallied to his cause. A southpaw, Winborn had refused to wear his gun holster on his right side. In Seattle, a postal clerk and lefty named Robert B. Green was told to follow the usual procedure of holding mail in the left hand and sorting with the right.The shortcoming of the realists stories with which many parents have replaced fairy tales is suggested by a comparison of two such stories -- "The Little Engine That Could" and "The Swiss Family Robison" -- with the fairy tale of "Rapuzel". "The Little Engine That Could" encourages the child to believe that if he tries hard and does not give up, he will finally succeed. A young adult has recalled how much impressed she was at the age of seven when her mother read her this story. She became convinced that one's attitude indeed affects one's achievements -- that if she would now approach a task with the conviction that she could conquer it, she would succeed. A few days later, this child encountered in first grade a challenging situation: she was trying to make a house out of paper, gluing various sheets together. But her house continually collapsed. Frustrated, she began to seriously doubt whether her idea of building such a paper house could realized. But then the story of "The Little Engine That Could" came to her mind; twenty years later, she recalled how at that moment she began to sing to herself the magic formula "I think I can, I think I can, I think I can …" So she continued to work on her paper house, and it continued to collapse. The project ended in complete defeat, with this little girl convinced that she had failed where anybody else could have succeeded, as the Little Engine had. Since "The Little Engine That Could" was a story set in the present, using such common directly in her daily life, without any fantasy elaboration, and had experienced a defeat that still rankled twenty years later.Very different was the impact of "The Swiss Family Robison" on another little girl. The story tells how a shipwrecked family manages to live an adventurous, idyllic, constructive, and pleasurable life -- a life very different from this child's own existence. Her father had to be away from home a great deal, and her mother was mentally ill and spent protracted periods in institutions. So the girl was shuttled form her home to that of aunt, then to that of a grandmother, and back home again, as the need arose. During these years, the girl read over and over again the story of this happy family who lived on a desert island, where no member could be away from the rest of the family. Many years later, she recalled what a warm, cozy feeling she had when, propped up by a few large pillows, she forgot all about her present predicament as she read this story. As soon as she had finished it, she started to read it over again. The happy hours she spent with the Family Robison in that fantasy land permitted her not to be defeated by the difficulties that reality presented to her. She was able to counteract the impact of harsh reality by imaginary gratifications. But since the story was not a fairy tale, it merely gave her a temporary escape from her problems; it did not hold our any promise to her that her life would take a turn for the better.Consider the effect that "Rapunzel" had on a third girl. This girl's mother had died in a car accident. The girl's father, deeply upset by what had happened to his wife (he had been driving the car), withdrew entirely into himself and handed the care of his daughter over to a nursemaid, who was little interested in the girl and gave her complete freedom to do as she liked. When the girl was seven, her father remarried, and, as she recalled it, it was around that time that "Rapunzel" became so important to her. Her stepmother was clearly the witch of the story, and she was the girl locked away in the tower. The girl recalled that she felt akin to Rapunzel because the witch had "forcibly" taken possession of her, as her stepmother had forcibly worked her way into the girl's life. The girl felt imprisoned in her new home, in contrast to her life of freedom with the nursemaid. She felt as victimized as Rapunzel, who, in her tower, had so little control over her life. Rapunzel's long hair was the key to the story. The girl wanted her hair to grow long, but her stepmother cut it short; long hair in itself became the symbol of freedom and happiness to her. The story convinced her that a prince (her father) would come someday and rescue her, and this conviction sustained her. If life became too difficult, all she needed was to imagine herself as Rapunzel, her hair grown long, and the prince loving and rescuing her."Rapunzel" suggests why fairy tales can offer more to the child than even such a very nice children's story as "TheSwiss Family Robison". In "The Swiss Family Robison", there is no witch against whom the child can discharge her anger in fantasy and on whom she can blame the father's lack of interest. "The Swiss Family Robison" offers escape fantasies, and it did help the girl who read it over and to forget temporarily how difficult life was for her. But it offered no specific hope for the future. "Rapuzel", on the other hand, offered the girl a chance to see the witch of the story as so evil that by comparison even the "witch" stepmother at home was not really so bad. "Rapunzel" also promised the girl that her rescue would be effected by her own body, when her hair grew long. Most important of all, it promised that the "prince" was only temporarily blinded -- that he would regainhis sight and rescue his princess. This fantasy continued to sustain the girl, though to a less intense degree, until she fell in love and married, and then she no longer needed it. We can understand why at first glance the stepmother, if she had known the meaning of "Rapunzel" to her stepdaughter, would have felt that fairy tales are bad for children. What she would not have known was that unless the stepdaughter had been able to find that fantasy satisfaction through "Rapunzel", she would have tried to break up her father's marriage and that without the hope for the future which the story gave her she might have gone badly astray in life.It seems quite understandable that when children are asked to name their favorite fairy tales, hardly any modern tales are among their choices. Many of the new tales have sad endings, which fail to provide the escape and consolation that the fearsome events in the fairy tale require if the child is to be strengthened for meeting the vagaries of his wife. Without such encouraging conclusions, the child, after listening to the story, feels that there is indeed no hope for extricating himself from his despairs. In the traditional fairy tale, the hero is rewarded and the evil person meets his well-developed fate, thus satisfying the child's deep need for justice will be done to him, who so often feels unfairly treated? And how else can he convince himself that he must act correctly, when he is so sorely tempted to give the asocial prodding of her desires?46. What is the most important similarity between the Little Engine That Could and The Swiss Family Robinson?A. They are both set in the present.B. Both of them can provide a temporary escape from a child's problems.C. Neither of them can offer the imaginary gratifications a child needs.D. There is no promise of hope and no encouraging endings in these stories.正确答案是47. What is the most important differences between The Little Engine That Could and The Swiss Family Robison?A. One exhibits the shortcoming of modern stories while the other is to the contrary.B. The Swiss Family Robison has a beneficial effect on adults as well as children.C. The impact of the two differs in that one fails to encourage the children the other enables the children to counteract the harsh reality only temporarily.D. The Swiss Family Robinson is an adventurous story while The Little Engine That Could is a more realistic one. 正确答案是48. It is quite probable that Rapunzel's long hair ____.A. helps to extricate the poor girl from her miseryB. is the major symbol in the storyC. is significant in the development of the storythe other Regional Committees.This does not mean that you will necessarily be successful in receiving an award, but merely that your application will be receiving further consideration. At this stage in the competition, you are requested to:Fill out the enclosed application forms and bring them with you to the United States Educational Commission in Japan (Fulbright House) in Tokyo on the date of your physical examination (see no: 2 bellow). An instruction sheet for filling out the application documents is attached. For guidance, one of your original applications is also enclosed. Please return this with your other documents. IMPORTANT- The application form must be typewritten.Take a physical examination at Saint Luke's International Hospital, located at 19 Aksashicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, on November 18. You can receive your examination at your convenience between the hours of 9:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. on the above date. It is necessary that you receive your physical examination from Dr. Gentaro Kimura of Saint Luke's International Hospital and not from any other physician. A certificate of health form will be furnished at the hospital. If you have any chest X-ray photographs taken within the past three years, you are requested to bring them with you to Saint Luke's International Hospital.For those candidates who must travel to Tokyo, the third-class round trip railway fare will be refunded at the Fulbright office after the physical examination. However, you must bear the expense of the physical examination, which will be '1,600. Upon completion of the physical examination, you must come to the Fulbright House, located at 15 Shinsaka-machi. Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, to return your completed application forms.I regret that we are giving you such short notice, but please do not ask for exceptions to the above requests and time schedule. Your full cooperation will be greatly appreciated.Wishing you continued success in this completion, I am,Very truly yours,Koji KobayashiExecutive SecretaryTEXT FFirst read the questions.52. Most tropical soils have a low organic content because of ____.A. soil erosion by wind and waterB. reduced transpiration and precipitationC. the loss of the soil's capacity to provide benefitsD. reduced absorption of CO2 by depleted plant life正确答案是Now go through TEXT F quickly to answer question 52.WORLD ECOLOGICAL AREA PROGRAMA PROPOSAL TO SA VE THE WORLD'STROPICAL RAIN FORESTS.The world's remaining tropical forests are being destroyed so fast that, at current trends, by the end of this century, only the most inaccessible will remain. This terrible tragedy will mean:the destruction of the way of life of the indigenous peoples who inhabit these areas which must lead to their systematic pauperization i.e. to their transformation into a marginal, largely unemployed proletariat leading a miserable and precarious existence in the shanty towns surrounding already drastically over-crowed cities:the disappearance of a considerable proportion of the world's trees and plant species, many of which have not been identified:the disappearance in the world of much of the world's remaining wildlife, including large cats such as the tiger and clouded leopard and primates such as the gorilla and orange-tuna:the loss of an inestimable reservoir of genetic resources that could be exploited to provide new foods, medicines, textiles, etc... and raw materials including bases for fuels which could be of vital importance in a largely unforeseeable future:soil erosion by wind and water -- as most tropical soils have a low organic content and may become little more than dust, while others become brick-like late rite once they are deprived of their tree cover -- in any cases leading to eventual desertification:massively increased run-off to rivers and, in particular, when their beds have been raised following erosion form the mountains above, to floods in the surrounding plains -- since only a fraction of the rainwater that can be stored around the root system of a tropical forest can berelated in the eroded soils of bare mountainsides:reduced transpiration and hence precipitation, with a further reduction in water availability:increase in the CO2 released into the atmosphere but reduced absorption of C02 by depleted plant life with climatic consequences that are likely to be detrimental to world food production:the loss of the soil's capacity to provide timber and other benefits on a more realistic but sustainable basis:an aesthetic and scientific loss of unparalleled dimensions.What, we might ask, will the countries who are cutting down their forests obtain in exchange? The answer is foreign currency largely to pug for imported consumer products that only a minority can afford and raw materials required for industrial development, which occurring as it must, in decreasingly propitious conditions, seem。
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS-- GRADE EIGHT --MODEL TEST SEVENTIME LIMIT: 195 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION [35 MIN ] SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now listen to the mini-lecture.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Questions I to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. What is essential for a good interviewer?A. Professional knowledge.B. Experience in the area.C. Curiosity about the interviewees.D. Enthusiasm about the job.2. Why Michael has to watch the interview back to tell whether it's been a good one? A, Because he isn't confident enough in himself.B. Because he usually is too indulged in the interview to be aware of his own performance.C. Because television interview is often more interesting than it actually is.D. Because television interview depends much on the way the director shoots it.3. How does Michael manage to bring out the best in people?A. By communicating with them in advance.B. By exuding a great sense of humor during the interview.C. By doing thorough researches into them in advance.D. By asking thought-provoking questions.4. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Michael when he is doing interviews?A. He always sticks to his list of questions.B. Sometimes interviewees would talk about something that he's not really thought about.C. He sometimes lets the interviewee direct the flow of conversation.D. He doesn't have a list of questions at all.5. What does Michael think of a career as an interviewer?A. It's a good job for young people with talent, ambition and energy.B. Talent plays the most important role in the career.C. One has to pass several examinations to pursue a career as an interviewer.D. It sometimes can be very boring.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Questions 6 to 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds toanswer the questions. Now listen to the news.6. Where was the report about rebel forces from?A. Chad's government.C. French embassy.B. Capital N'Djamena.D. City of Abeche.7. France's ambassador has left Rwanda because Rwanda has decided to____A. stay away from possible dangerB. show France its powerC. cut the connection between the two countriesD. arrest some of the top Rwandan officialsQuestion 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.8. The investigation was dangerous because______A. the mine was badly damagedB. the ventilation system was brokenC. the mine was too deepD. the safety facility was destroyedQuestions 9 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.9. The development of__ inside the mosquito has been blocked.A. molecule in the gutB. genetic geneC. malaria parasiteD. disease-spreading tissue10. Which of the following description is INCORRECT?A. The new strain of mosquito has been released into the wildB. Scientists have done similar researches before.C. The new strain of mosquito cannot spread the disease.D. This kind of mosquito is genetically modifiedPART H READING COMPREHENSION [30 MIN]In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AHigh in a smooth ocean of sky floated a dazzling, majestic sun. Fragments of powdery cloud, like spray flung from a wave crest, sprinkled the radiant, lake-blue heaven.Relaxed on a bundle of hay in a corner of a meadow bathed in sunlight, Paul lay dreaming. A gentle breeze was stirring the surrounding hedges; bees moved, humming thoughtfully, from scarlet poppy to purple thistle; a distant lark, invisible in blue light, was flooding the vast realm of the sky with glorious song, as the sun was flooding the earth with brilliance. Beyond the hedge a brook tinkled over softly-glowing pebbles. Butterflies hovered above nodding clover. An ant was busily exploring the uncharted territory of Paul's suntanned wrist. A grasshopper skidded briskly over his ankle. And the blazing sun was steadily scorching his fair freckled face to bright lobster red. Neither sun, nor grasshopper, nor ant, however, was able to arouse him.Not even when a fly started crawling over his face did he open his eyes. For Paul was a thousand miles away,in a world of eternal snow and ice. Across the towering mountain range, a bitter gale was screaming furiously as with one hand he gripped a projecting knob of rock while with his axe he hacked out the next narrow foothold in the rock. As their infallible guide, he was leading his gallant party of climbers up a treacherous, vertical wall of rock towards the lofty peak above, hitherto unconquered by man. A single slip, however trivial, would probablyresult in death for all of them. To his right he could glimpse the furrowed glacier sweeping towards the valley, but he was far too absorbed in his task to appreciate fully the scene around or even to be aware of a view of almost unearthly beauty.A sudden gust of wind nearly tore him from the ledge where he was perched. Gradually he raised his foot, tested the new foothold on the sheer rock wall, transferred his weight, and signaled to the climbers below.Not until a tractor started working in the next field did he become conscious of his far from icy surroundings. He sat up, wiped his forehead with his handkerchief, glanced at his watch and sighed in resignation. He had a headache through sleeping in the hot sun, a pain in his shoulder from carrying his rucksack; his legs felt stiff and his feet ached. With no enthusiasm whatever he pulled the bulging rucksack over his shoulders and drew a large-scale map from his pocket. At the far end of the meadow two slates in the wall, which at this point replaced the hedge, indicated a stile, and beyond he could faintly see a thin thread of path which dwindled andfinally disappeared as it climbed the steep slope of the down, quivering in the glare of the sun. The whole of Nature seemed to be luxttriating in warmth, sunshine and peace. Wherever he looked, leaves on twigs, grass blades, flower petals, all were sparkling in sunlight.Fifteen miles off, over the ridge, across a broad valley and then over a higher, even steeper range of hills lay the youth hostel: supper, company, a cool dip in the river. With a momentary intense longing for ice-axe, blizzard, glacier and heroic exploit (none of which was at all familiar to him), Paul strode off unwillingly to less dramatic but equally heroic achievement in the tropical heat of an English sun.11. All of the following failed to wake Paul up EXCEPT the __A. sunB. grasshopperC. flyD. tractor12. What did the ant on Paul's wrist feel about it?A. It was a new area for discovery.B. It was very large.C. It was very dangerous.D. It was unattractive.13. All of the following are similarities between Paul's dream and the journey ahead of him EXCEPT that __A. they both demanded skill and courageB. the weather conditions in both were extremeC. they both could offer worthwhile viewsD. they both involved hardship14. What can be inferred about the mountain-climbing in Paul's dream?A. It was not a great challenge.B. Though difficult, it was not so dangerous.C. If successful, they would be the first to reach the summit.D. Paul was shocked by the beauty of the mountain.15. Which category of writing does the passage belong to?A. Narration.B. Description.C. Persuasion.D. Exposition.TEXT BIsn't it amazing how one person, sharing one idea, at the right time and place can change the course of your life's history? This is certainly what happened in my life. When I was 14, I was hitchhiking from Houston, Texas, through E1 Paso on my way to California. I was following my dream, journeying with the sun. I was a high school dropout with learning disabilities and was set on surfing the biggest waves in the world, first in California and then in Hawaii, where I would later live.Upon reaching downtown E1 Paso, I met an old man, a bum, on the street comer. He saw me walking,stopped me and questioned me as I passed by. He asked me if I was running away from home, I suppose because I looked so young. I told him, "Not exactly, sir," since my father had given me a ride to the freeway in Houston and given me his blessings while saying, "It is important to follow your dream and what is in your heart, son."The bum then asked me if he could buy me a cup of coffee. I told him, "No, sir, but a soda would be great."We walked to a comer malt shop and sat down on a couple of swiveling stools while we enjoyed our drinks.After conversing for a few minutes, the friendly bum told me to follow him. He told me that he had something grand to show me and share with me. We walked a couple of blocks until we came upon the downtown E1 Paso Public Library.We walked up its front steps and stopped at a small information stand. Here the bum spoke to a smiling old lady, and asked her if she would bc kind enough to watch my things for a moment while he and I entered the library. I left my bclungings with this grandmotherly figure and entered into this magnificent hall of learning.The bum first led me to a table and asked me to sit down and wait for a moment while he looked for something special amongst the shelves. A few moments later, he returned with a couple of old books under his arms and set them on the table. He then sat down beside me and spoke. He started with a few statements that were very special and that changed my life. He said, "There are two things that I want to teach you, young man, and they are these:"Number one is to never judge a book by its cover, for a cover can fool you." He followed with, "I bet you think I'm a bum, don't you, young man?"I said, "Well, uh, yes, I guess so, sir.""Well, young man, I've got a little surprise for you. I am one of the wealthiest men in the world. I have probably everything any man could ever want. I originally come from the Northeast and have all the things that money can buy. But a year ago, my wife passed away, bless her soul, and since then I have been deeply reflecting upon life. I realized there were certain things I had not yet experienced in life, one of which was what it would be like to live like a bum on the streets. I made a commitment to myself to do exactly that for one year. For the past year, I have been going from city to city doing just that. So, you see, don't ever judge a book by its cover, for a cover can fool you. ""Number two is to lcam how to read, my boy, for there is only one thing that people can't take away from you, and that is your wisdom. "At that moment, he reached forward, grabbed my right hand in his and put them upon the books he'd pulled from the shelves. They were the writings of Plato and Aristotle--immortal classics from ancient times.The bum then led me back past the smiling old woman near the entrance, down the steps and back on the streets near where we first met. His parting request was for me to never forget what he taught me.16. We can infer from the passage that at 14, the author __A. did not do well in his studyB. did not like his motherC. planned to live in California all his lifeD. did not like his life in Huston17. The author recognized the old man as a bum probably because __A. the old man asked for money from himB. the old man was sleeping on the street comerC. the old man was poorly dressedD. the old man told him so18. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the old man?A. He was a bum.B. His wife died when he was young.C. He knew the author.D. He had thought the author a truant.19. The old man implied that __A. truths couldn't be disguised by coversB. wisdom could come from readingC. his wife's death made him depressed for yearsD. he liked the life of a bum20. The author probably feels __ the old man.A. grateful toB. sympathetic forC. uneasy aboutD. indifferent toTEXT CIt takes a while, as you wall around the streets of Nantes, a city of half a million people on the banks of the Loire River, to realize just what it is that is odd. Then you get it: There are empty parking lots, which~ is highlyunusual in big French towns.Two decades of effort to make life more livable by dissuading people from driving into town has made Nantes a beacon for other European cities seeking to shake dependence on the automobile.The effects were clear recently during Mobility Week, a campaign sponsored by the European Union that prompted more than 1,000 towns across the Continent to test ways of making their streets, if not car-free, at least manageable. "That is an awfully difficult problem," acknowledges Joel Crawford, an author and leader of the "car free" movement picking up adherents all over Europe. "You can't take cars out of cities until there is some sort of alternative in place. But there are a lot of forces pointing in the direction of a major reduction in car use, like the rise in fuel prices, and concerns about global warming."Last week, proclaiming the slogan "In Town, Without my Car!" hundreds of citiesclosed off whole chunks of their centers to all but essential traffic. Nantes closed just a few streets, preferring to focus on alternatives to driving so as to promote "Clever Commuting," the theme of this year's EU campaign. Volunteers pedaled rickshaws along the cobbled streets, charging passengers $1.20 an hour; bikes were available for free; and city workers encouraged children to walk to school along routes supervised by adults acting as Pied Pipers and picking up kids at arranged stops.The centerpiece is a state-of-therart tramway providing service to much of the town, and a network of free,multistory parking lots to encourage commuters to "park and ride." Rene Vincendo, a retired hospital worker waiting at one such parking lot for his wife to return from the city center, is sold. "To go into town, this is brilliant," he says. "I never take my car in now."It is not cheap, though. Beyond the construction costs, City Hall subsidizes fares to the tune of 60 million euros ($72 million) a year, making passengers pay only 40 percent of operating costs.That is the only way to draw people onto trams and buses, says de Rugy, since Nantes, like many European cities, is expanding, and commuters find themselves with ever-longer distances to travel. The danger, he warns, is that "the further you go down the route of car dependence, the harder it is to return, because so many shops, schools and other services are built beyond the reach of any financially feasible public-transport network." This,adds de Rugy, means that "transport policy is only half the answer. Urban planners and transport authorities have to work hand in hand to ensure that services are provided close to transport links."The carrot-and-stick approach that Nantes has taken--cutting back on parking in the town center and making it expensive, while improving public transport--has not reduced the number of cars on the road. But it has "put a brake on the increase we would have seen otherwise" and that other European cities have seen, says Dominique Godineau, head of the city's "mobility department."21. What can be inferred about the city of Nantes?A. Nantes is with the best traffic condition in France.B. Nantes has almost shaken its independence on the automobile.C. The government of Nantes is the first to dissuade people from driving into town.D. The government of Nantes succeeds in raising people's living standard.22. Car use can be reduced because of all of the followings EXCEPT __A. rise in fuel priceB. alternatives for carC. people's environmental awarenessD. heavy traffic jam23. What's the difference between Nantes and other cities which want reduction in car use?A. Nantes gets more serious traffic problems.B. Nantes doesn't close off any streets.C. Nantes has better public transport system.D. Nantes pays more attention to alternatives to driving.24. According to the passage, the tramway and multistory parking lots are __A. low in costB. cheap to useC. dismissed by criticsD. ineffective25. The passage implies that public transport network can replace private cars if____A. the city is not so bigB. there are more roads and streetsC. there are more public transport toolsD. there are more services near transport links26. "The carrot-and-stick approach" in the last paragraph means _____A. an approach with pros and consB. an approach with threat and awardC. an efficient approachD. a practical approachTEXT DThe need for a satisfactory education is more important than ever before. Nowadays, without a qualification from a reputable school or university, the odds of landing that plum job advertised in the paper are considerably shortened. Moreover, one's present level of education could fall well short of future career requirements.It is no secret that competition is the driving force behind the need to obtain increasingly higher qualifications. In the majority of cases, the urge to upgrade is no longer the result of an insatiable thirst for knowledge. The pressure is coming from within the workplace to compete with ever more qualified job applicants, and in many occupations one must now battle with colleagues in the reshuffle for the position one already holds.Striving to become better educated is hardly a new concept. Wealthy parents have always been willing to spend the vast amounts of extra money necessary to send their children to schools with a perceived educational edge. Working adults have long attended night schools and refresher courses. Competition for employment has been around since the curse of working for a living began. Is the present situation so very different to that of the past?The difference now is that the push is universal and from without as well as within. A student at secondary school receiving low grades is no longer as easily accepted by his or her peers as was once the case. Similarly, in the workplace, unless employees are engaged in part-time study, they may be frowned upon by their employers and peers and have difficulty even standing still. In fact, in these cases, the expectation is for careers to go backwards and earning capacity to take an appreciable nosedive.At first glance, the situation would seem to be laudable--a positive response to the exhortation by a former Prime Minister, Bob Hawke, for Australia to become the "clever country". Yet there are serious ramifications according to at least one educational psychologist. Dr Brendan Gatsby has caused some controversy in academic circles by suggesting that a bias towards what he terms paper excellence might causemore problems than it is supposed to solve. Gatsby raises a number of issues that affect the individual as well as society in general.Firstly, he believes the extra workload involved is resulting in abnormally high stress levels in both students at secondary school and adults studying after working hours. Secondly, skills which might be more relevant to the undertaking of a sought-after job are being overlooked by employers interviewing candidates without qualifications on paper. These two areas of concern for the individual are causing physical and emotional stress respectively.Gatsby also argues that there are attitudinal changes within society to the exalted role education now plays in determining how the spoils of working life are distributed. Individuals of all ages are being driven by social pressures to achieve academic success solely for monetary considerations instead of for the joy of enlightenment. There is the danger that some universities are becoming degree factories with an attendant drop in standards. Furthermore, our education system may be rewarding doggedne~s above creativity--the very thing Australians have been encouraged to avoid. But the most undesirable effect of this academic paper chase, Gatsby says, is the disadvantage "user pays" higher education confers on the poor, who invariably lose out to the more financially favored.Naturally, although there is agreement that learning can cause stress, Gatsby's comments regarding university standards have been roundly criticized as alarmist by most educationists who point out that, by any standard of measurement, Australia's education system overall, at both secondary and tertiary levels, is equal to that of any in the world.27. What makes higher qualifications important?A. Pressure of competition.B. Thirst for knowledge.C. Development oftecimology.D. Employers' bias.28. What can be inferred about today's employees in the workplace according to the passage?A. They seldom do part-time study.B. They may have trouble with work without further study.C. They usually do not get along well with one another.D. They often frown due to the pressure from work.29. Gatsby considers enthusiastic pursuit of higher qualifications as ______A. beneficialB. necessaryC. harmfulD. reasonable30. Undesirable consequences of ever-going pursuit of higher qualifications include all the following EXCEPT______A. lower education qualityB. less creativity of studentsC. higher stress levelsD. higher pays for educationPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE [ 10 MIN ] There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. The Amendment to the Constitution which banned slavery is __A. the 1 lth AmendmentB. the 12th AmendmentC. the 13th AmendmentD. the 14th Amendment32. Which region in the U.S. contains 90% of the American textile industry?A. New EnglandB. The MidwestC. The American WestD. The South33. Which of the following is not one of the leading agricultural exports of Australia?A. WoolB. MeatC. WheatD. Grain34. The largest lake in Britain is __A. the Lake NeaghB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District35. which of the following is Thomas Hardy's best-known novel?A. Far From the Madding CrowdB. The Mayor of CastorbridgeC. Tess of the D'UrbervillesD. The Return of the Native36. which of the following is NOT true for Ralph Waldo Emerson?A. A great thinkerB. A famous novelistC. A well-know essayistD. A poet37. __ is a representative writer of Aestheticism and Decadence.A. StevensonB. Ralph FoxC. George GissingD. Oscar Wilde38. An allophone refers to any of the different forms of a __A. phonemeB. morphemeC. wordD. root39. Firth insisted that the object of linguistics is______A. language itselfB. language in actual useC. language variationD. language skills40. The noun "tear" and the verb "tear" are______A. homophonesB. allophonesC. complete homonymsD. homographsPART IV PROOFREADING& ERROR CORRECTION [ 15 MIN ]The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at theend of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen ∧art museum wants a new exhibit, ( 1 ) an It 0av~ buys things in finished form and hangs ( 2 ) never them on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitA summary of the physical and chemical nature of life must begin,not on the Earth, but in the Sun; in fact, at the Sun's very center. It is here which is to be found the source of the energy that the Sun constantly pours 41.______ out into space light and heat. This energy is librated at the center of 42.______ the Sun as billions upon billions of nuclei of hydrogen atoms collidewith each other and fuse together to form nuclei of helium, and doing 43.______ so, release out some of the energy that is stored in the nuclei of atoms. 44._____ The output of light and heat of the Sun requires that some 600 milliontons of hydrogen are converted into helium in the Sun every second. 45.______This the Sun has been doing for several thousands of millions of years.The nuclear energy is released at the Sun's center as high-energygamma radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation like light andradio waves, only of very much short wavelength. This gamma radiation 46._____ is absorbed by atoms inside the Sun to be reemitted at slight longer 47._____ wavelengths. This radiation, in its turn is absorbed and reemitted. As the energy filters through the layers of the solar interior, it passes throughthe X-ray part of the spectrum eventually becoming light. At this stage,it has reached that we call the solar surface, and can escape into space 48.____ without being absorbed further by solar atoms. A very small fraction ofthe Sun's light and heat are emitted in such directions that after 49._____ passing unhindering through interplanetary space, it hits the Earth. 50._____PART V TRANSLATION [ 60 MIN ] SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write yourtranslation on ANSWER SHEETTHREE.然而我虽然自有无端的悲哀，却也并不愤懑。
