大学六级模拟590

大学六级模拟590Part Ⅰ WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a job application letter to a company. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1．在报纸上看到一家公司在招聘文秘的广告；2．在表达求职的意愿后，说明自己具备该职位要求的条件；3．希望对方能给予面试的机会，并期盼回复。

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Smother LoveEvery morning, Leanne Brickland and her sister would bicycle to school with the same words ringing in their ears: "Watch out crossing the road. Don't speak to strangers". "Mum would stand at the top of the steps and call that out," says Brickland, now a primary-school teacher and mother of four from Rotorua, New Zealand. Substitute boxers and thongs for undies (内衣), and the nagging fears that haunt parents haven't really changed. What has altered, dramatically, is the confidence we once had in our children's ability to fling themselves at life without a grown-up holding their hands.Worry-ridden Parents and Stifled KidsBy today's standards, the childhood freedoms Brickland took for granted practically verge on parental neglect. Her mother worked, so she and her sister had a key to let themselves in after school and were expected to do their homework and put on the potatoes for dinner. At the family's beach house near Wellington, the two girls, from the age of five or six, would disappear for hours to play in the lakes and sands.A generation later, Brickland's children are growing up in a world more indulged yet more accustomed to peril. The techno-minded generation of PlayStation kids who can conquer entire armies and rocket through space can't even be trusted to cross the street alone. "I walked or biked to school for years, but my children don't," Briekland admits. "I worry about the road. I worry about strangers. In some ways I think they're missing out, but I like to be able to see them, to know where they are and What they're doing."Call it smother love, indulged-kid syndrome, parental neurosis (神经病). Even though today's children have the universe at their fingertips thanks to the Internet, their physical boundaries are shrinking at a rapid pace. According to British social scientist Mayer Hillman, a child's play zone has contracted so radically that we're producing the human equivalent of henhouse chickens-plump from lack of exercise and without the flexibility and initiative of free-range kids of the past. The spirit of our times is no longer the resourceful adventurer Tom Sawyer but rather the worry-ridden dad and his stifled only child in Finding Nemo.In short, child rearing has become an exercise in risk minimization, represented by stories such as the father who refused to allow his daughter on a schoolpicnic to the beach for fear she might drown. While it's natural for a parent to want to protect their children from danger, you have to wonder: Have we gone too far?Parents Wrap Kids up in Cotton WoolA study conducted by Paul Tranter, a lecturer in geography at the Australian Defence Force Academy in Canberra, showed that while Australian and New Zealand children had similar amounts of unsupervised freedom, it was far less than German or English kids. For example, only a third of ten-year-olds in Australia and New Zealand were allowed to visit places other than school alone, comparedto 80 percent in Germany.Girls were even more restricted than boys, with parents fearing assault or molestation (骚扰), while traffic dangers were seen as the greatest threat to boys. Bike ownership has doubled in a generation, but "independent mobility"-the ability to roam and explore unsupervised-has radically declined. In Auckland,for example, many primary schools have done away with bicycle racks because the streets are considered too unsafe. And in Christchurch, New Zealand's most bike-friendly city, the number of pupils cycling to school has fallen from more than 90 percent in the late 1970s to less than 20 percent. Safely strapped into the family 4×4, children are instead driven from home to the school gate, then offto ballet, soccer or swimming lessons-rarely straying from watchful adult eyes.In the U.S. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, New Jersey assistant principal and hockey coach Bobbie Schultz writes that playing in the street after school with neighbourhood kids-creating their own rules, makingtheir own decisions and settling disputes-was where the real learning took place. "The street was one of the greatest sources of my life skills," she says. "Idon't see 'on-the-street play' anymore. I see adult-organized activities.Parents don't realize what an integral part of character development their children are missing."Armoured with bicycle helmets, car seats, "safe" playgrounds and sunscreen, children are getting the message loud and clear that the world is full of peril-and that they're ill-equipped to handle it alone. Yet research consistently shows young people are much more capable than we think, says professor Anne Smith, director of New Zealand's Children's Issues Centre. "The thing that many adults have difficulty with is that children can't learn to be grown-up ifthey're excluded and protected all the time."Educational psychologist Paul Prangley reckons it's about time the kid gloves came off. He believes parenting has taken on a paranoid (患妄想狂的) edge that's creating a generation of naive, insecure youngsters who are subconsciously being taught they're incapable of handling things by themselves. "Flexibility and the ability to resist pressure and temptation are learned skills," Prangley explains. "If you wrap kids up in cotton wool and don't give them the opportunity to take risks, they're less equipped to make responsible decisions later in life." Parents Should Gain Proper PerspectiveSadly, high-profile cases of children being kidnapped and murdered-such as ten-year-old Holly Wells and Jessica Chapman in the United Kingdom; five-year-old Chloe Hoson in Australia, whose body was found just 200 metres from where she lived; and six-year-old Teresa Cormack in New Zealand, who was snatched off the street on her way to school--only serve to reinforce parents' fears. Teresa Cormack's death, for example, was one of the rare New Zealand eases of random child kidnap. In Australia, the odds of someone under the age of 15 being murdered by a stranger have been estimated at one in four million. A child is at far greater risk from a family member or someone they know.However, parental fear is contagious. In one British study, far more children feared an attack by a stranger than being hit by a car. "We are losing our sense of perspective," write Jan Parker and Jan Stimpson in their parenting book, Raising Happy Children. "Every parent has to negotiate their own route between equipping children with the skills they need to stay safe and not restricting or terrifying them unnecessarily in the process."Dr. Claire Freeman, a planning expert at the University of Otago, points to the erosion of community responsibility as another casualty of that mutual distrust. Not so long ago, adults knew all the local kids and were the informal guardians of the neighbourhood. "Now, particularly if you are a man, you may hesitate to offer help to a lost child for fear your motives might be questioned." More Space and More Attention to Kids' NeedsAs a planner in the mid-1990s, Freeman became concerned about the loss of green space to development and the erosion of informal places to play. In a study that looked at how children in the British city of Leeds spent their summer holidays, compared with their parents' childhood experiences, she found the freedom to explore had been severely contracted-in some cases, down to the front yard. Freeman says she cannot remember being inside the house as a child, or being alone. Growing up was about being part of a group. Now a mother of four, Freeman believes the "domestication of play" is robbing kids of their sense of belonging within a society.Nevertheless, Freeman says children's needs are starting to get more emphasis. In the Netherlands, child-friendly "home zones" have been created where priority is given to pedestrians, rather than cars. And ponds are being incorporated back into housing estates on the principle that children should learn to be safe around water, rather than be surrounded by a barren landscape. After all, as one of the smarter fish says in Finding Nemo, there's one problem with promising your kids that nothing will ever happen to them-because then nothing ever will.1. According to Brickland, parents nowadays have changed their______.A) standards of the children's proper dressing B) worry about the children's personal safetyC) ways to communicate with children D) confidence in the children's ability2. When Brickland and her sister were little, they kept the home key because______.A) they wanted to be trusted B) their mother had to workC) their mother didn't live at home D) they were very naughty and wild3. Mayer Hillman indicates that children now have less and less______.A) space for playing B) contact with animalsC) concern about others D) knowledge about nature4. Paul Tranter finds that eighty percent of the children were allowed to visit places other than school alone in______.A) Australia B) New Zealand C) Germany D) Britain5. What is ranked by parents as the greatest threat to boys?A) Gang crimes. B) Online games.C) Extreme sports. D) Dangerous traffics.6. Bobble Schuliz points out that real learning takes place in ______.A) on-the-street play B) adult-organized activitiesC) student-centered teaching D) home and nature7. What accident had happened to a little girl called Chloe Hoson?A) She was robbed on her way to school.B) She was kidnapped and murdered.C) She fell a victim to domestic violence.D) She disappeared for no reason.8. Claire Freeman thinks that lack of mutual trust results in______.9. Freeman concludes that kids are robbed of their sense of belonging to the society by______.10. The Netherlands has placed the rights of pedestrians before those of cars in such areas called______.Part Ⅲ Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) He came a long way to meet the woman.B) He showed her to where she was looking for.C) He took her to visit an interesting community.D) He gave her advice to overcome the difficulty.12. A) The woman is being interviewed by a reporter.B) The woman is applying for a job.C) The woman is asking tor a promotion.D) The woman is being given an examination.13. A) Not to subscribe to the journal. B) To buy the latest issue of the journal.C) Not to miss any brilliant papers. D) To photocopy the papers in the journal.14. A) Cindy will have a cup of coffee with the man later.B) Cindy has to work overtime at her office tonight.C) Cindy doesn't like coffee at all.D) Cindy is leaving the office soon.15. A) No medicine could solve the woman's problem.B) The woman should eat less to lose some weight.C) Nothing could help the woman if she ate too little.D) The woman should choose the right foods to eat.16. A) He thought she should make a phone if anything went wrong.B) He thought she should just wait for someone's help.C) He was afraid something would go wrong with her car.D) He promised to give her help himself.17. A) He didn't like it at all. B) He didn't think mneh of it.C) He liked some part of it. D) He enjoyed it as a whole.18. A) He has too many dreams. B) He just likes to sleep.C) He doesn't put his ideas into practice. D) He doesn't have many good ideas. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Providing high-quality products for customers.B) Providing good services for customers.C) Doing everything you can to please and keep customers.D) Establishing dialogues with the customers.20. A) The relationship the company establishes with its customers.B) Legal responsibilities shared by the company and its customers.C) Responding to the customers' complaints.D) Seeking the customers' feedback actively.21. A) A bridge between the company and its customers.B) A way of supervising the company's business.C) A way to deal with customers' after-sales services.D) A way to deal with customers' complaints and refunds.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) She doesn't want to pay the late fee. B) She was given incorrect information.C) She can't afford to pay her tuition. D) She didn't pass her mathematics course.23. A) The office was closed the first time she went there.B) The computer was out of service at that time.C) She didn't have acceptable identification on her first visit.D) She failed to meet the director on her first visit.24. A) Her prior schooling. B) Her age.C) Her residence. D) Her driving record.25. A) The director probably isn't able to make an exception.B) The director probably won't see her.C) The director usually isn't very helpful.D) The director usually isn't responsible for part-time students.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) From tram to trolleybus to Routemaster.B) From trolleybus to Routemaster to red bus.C) From trolleybus to Routemaster to modern bus.D) From Routemaster to trolley to modern bus.27. A) It is full of renaissance favor. B) It is a star in a famous movie.C) It is one of the tourist hot spots. D) It is a symbol of London.28. A) It is inconvenient to take the baggage onto it.B) It is difficult to spare the room for wheelchairs.C) It is dangerous to get in from both sides of it.D) It is easy to have an accident on a movable platform.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) To Michigan. B) To China. C) To Maryland. D) To Canada.30. A) To clear up the eggs of insects. B) To help trees deliver water.C) To look for the signs of insects. D) To prepare for cutting down trees.31. A) Collect ash tree seeds for experiment. B) Preserve the healthy ash tree seeds.C) Set up a new seed bank for research. D) Develop a new breed of ash tree. Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) They can be easily damaged.B) They are formed with great volcanic heat and pressure.C) They are brought up to the surface by earthquakes.D) They can be found everywhere.33. A) In the valley. B) On the floor of the rivers.C) In the narrow volcano pipes. D) On the top of the mountains.34. A) They never came back home with desired diamonds.B) They lost the hard-earned diamonds on their way back.C) They were sentenced to death for stealing diamonds.D) They returned home as content as millionaires.35. A) South Africa. B) Eastern Russia. C) India. D) Congo.Section CSection C In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write clown the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.It's my honor to be here tonight.Our organization is called the Noise Abatement Society that (36) and tries to deal with noise (37) issues. We are currently working to introduce what iscalled broadband noise technology in different areas.Many people asked me what the broadband noise is. It's very simple actually, if you can imagine (38) through a wood late at night in the (39) and quiet and you hear a twig (40) , you turn automatically towards that twig. And this is exactly what broadband is, you know which direction it's coming from, you know (41)which side of you it's coming from. Alarms at the moment are so loud that they actually disorientate you. If you're at a set of traffic (42) , you don't know which direction an (43) , a police car or a fire engine may be coming from, but with broadband you do. (44) . It sounds just like a "shush shush" sound. The alarms you hear at the moment are very rich in tones. But broadband isn't. Because it's not got the tonal content, you know where that sound is coming from.(45) .Broadband noise alarms are being used in a number of places around the country. (46) .Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You arerequired to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in aword bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.The concept of obtaining fresh water from icebergs that are towed to populated areas and arid regions of the world was once treated as a joke more appropriateto cartoons than real life. But now it is being (47) quite seriously by many nations, especially since scientists have warned that the human race will (48)its fresh water supply faster than it runs out of food.Glaciers are a possible (49) of fresh water that has been overlooked until recently. Three-quarters of the Earth's fresh water supply is still tied up in glacial ice, a reservoir of (50) fresh water so immense that it could (51) allthe rivers of the world for 1,000 years. Floating on the oceans every year are 7,659 trillion metric tons of ice encased in 10,000 icebergs that break awayfrom the polar ice caps, more than ninety percent of them from Antarctica.Huge glaciers that (52) over the shallow continental shelf give birth toicebergs throughout the year. Icebergs are not like sea ice, which is formed when the sea itself freezes, rather, they are formed (53) on land, breaking off when glaciers spread over the sea. As they drift away from the polar region, icebergs sometimes move mysteriously in a direction (54) to the wind, pulled by subsurface currents. Because they melt more slowly than smaller pieces of ice, icebergs have been known to drift as far north as 35 degrees south of theequator in the Atlantic Ocean. To control them and (55) them to parts of the world where they are needed would not be too difficult.The. difficulty arises in other technical matters, such as the prevention ofrapid melting in warmer climates and the funneling (传送) of fresh water toshore in great volume. But even if the icebergs lost half of their volume intowing, the water they could provide would be far cheaper than that produced by desalinization (脱盐), or (56) salt from water.A) removingB) stretchC) derivingD) entirelyE) untappedF) resourceG) outgrowH) oppositeI) approximatelyJ) consideredK) similarL) sourceM) ensuredN) sustainO) steerSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on An-swer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.If you go down to the woods today, you may meet high-tech trees-genetically modified to speed their growth or improve the quality of their wood.Genetically-engineered food crops have become increasingly common, albeit controversial, over the past ten years. But genetic engineering of trees has lagged behind.Part of the reason is technical. Understanding, and then altering, the genes ofa big pine tree are more complex than creating a better tomato. While tomatoes sprout happily, and rapidly, in the laboratory, growing a whole tree from a single, genetically altered cell in a test tube is a tricky process that takes years, not months. Moreover, little is known about tree genes. Some trees, such as pine trees, have a lot of DNA-roughly ten times as much as human. And, where- as the Human Genome Project is more than halfway through its task of isolating and sequencing the estimated 100,000 genes in human cells, similar efforts to analyze tree genes are still just saplings (幼苗).Given the large number of tree genes and the little that is known about them,tree engineers are starting with a search for genetic "markers". The first stepis to isolate DNA from trees with desirable properties such as insect resistance. The next step is to find stretches of DNA that show the presence of a particular gene. Then, when you mate two trees with different desirable properties, it is simple to check which offspring contain them all by looking for the genetic markers. Henry Amerson, at North Carolina State University, is using genetic markers to breed fungal resistance into southern pines. Billions of these aregrown across America for pulp (纸浆) and paper, and outbreaks of disease are expensive. But not all individual trees are susceptible. Dr. Amerson's group has found markers that distinguish fungus-resistant stock from disease-prone trees. Using traditional breeding techniques, they are introducing the resistance genes into pines on test sites in America.Using genetic markers speeds up old-fashioned breeding methods because you no longer have to wait for the tree to grow up to see if it has the desired traits. But it is more a sophisticated form of selective breeding. Now, however,interest in genetic tinkering (基因修补) is also gaining ground. To this end, Dr. Amerson and his colleagues are taking part in the Pine Gene Discovery Project,an initiative to identify and sequence the 50,000-odd genes in the pine tree's genome. Knowing which gene does what should make it easier to know what to alter.57. Compared with genetic engineering of food crops, genetic engineering oftrees______.A) began much later B) has developed more slowlyC) is less useful D) is less controversial58. What does the author think about the genetic engineering of pine trees?A) Time-consuming. B) Worthwhile.C) Significant. D) Technically impossible.59. What can we learn about the research on tree genes?A) The research methods are the same as the analysis of human genes.B) The findings are expected to be as fruitful as the analysis of human genes.C) It will take as much time and effort as the analysis of human genes.D) The research has been mainly concentrated on the genes of young trees.60. It is discovered by Henry Amerson's team that ______.A) southern pines cannot resist fungusB) all southern pines are not susceptibleC) the genetic marker in southern pines was the easiest to identifyD) fungus-resistant genes came originally from outside the U.S.A.61. What is the primary objective of carrying out the Pine Gene Discovery Project?A) To speed up old-fashioned breeding methods.B) To identify all the genes in the pine tree's genome.C) To find out what desired traits the pine trees have.D) To make it easier to know which gene needs altering.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and serviceswith one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product they're looking for.Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubtsabout its reliability. "Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier," says senior analyst Blanc Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactionsonly with established business partners who are given access to the company's private intranet.Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to "pull" customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to "push"information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directlyto targeted customers. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saverto deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements tosubscribers' computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company's Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offering, or other events.But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commer-cial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. That's a prospect that horrifies Net purists.But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort topush strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, ,and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and se-curity will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.62. What do we learn about the present web business?A) Web business is no longer in fashion.B) Business-to-business sales are the trend.C) Web business is prosperous in the consumer market.D) Many companies still lack confidence in web business.63. Established business partners are preferred in web business because ______.A) they are more creditable than othersB) they specify the products they wantC) they have access to the company's private intranetD) they are capable of conducting online transactions64. Pointcast Network is most probably ______.A) a company that develops the latest push softwareB) a tool that promotes a company's online marketingC) the first company that used an online push softwareD) the most popular software that helps a company push65. Net purists are most worried that______.A) only the requested information comes to the screenB) the Net is filled with commercial promotionC) the difference between the Web and TV will fadeD) push technology will dominate the screen66. What can be inferred about ?。