第1章语言和语言学习
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.
1.The way language teachers teach in the classroom is to some extent influenced by the way they_____languages.
【答案】learned
【解析】语言教师学习语言的方式从某种程度上影响他们的课堂教学方式。
2.Different views on language generate different_____.
【答案】teaching methodologies
【解析】对语言的不同观点会产生不同的教学方法。
3.In the past century,language teaching and learning practice has been influenced by three different views of language:the_____view,the_____view and the_____ view.
【答案】structural,functional,interactional
【解析】上世纪的语言教学和语言学习受三种语言观的影响：结构主义，功能主义，交互主义。
4._____theories are concerned with how the mind organises new information such as habit formation,induction,making inference,hypothesis testing and generalization.
【答案】Process-oriented
【解析】以（认知）过程为导向的理论力图解释大脑怎样组织新信息，如习惯的形成，归纳，推断，假设的验证，以及概括。
5._____theories emphasize the nature of the human and physical context in which language learning takes place,such as the number of students,the kind of input learners receive,and the atmosphere.
【答案】Condition-oriented
【解析】以（学习）条件为导向的理论注重人的本质和语言学习的物理环境，如学生的人数，学习者接收的语言输入类型，以及学习气氛。
6.The_____theory of language learning was initiated by behavioural psychologist Skinner.
【答案】behaviourist
【解析】语言学习的行为主义理论是由行为主义心理学家斯金纳提出的。
7.Skinner suggested that language is also a form of_____.
【答案】behaviour
【解析】斯金纳认为，语言也是一种行为。
8.The term_____is often used loosely to describe methods in which students are asked to think rather than simply repeat.
【答案】cognitivism
【解析】认知主义常用于描述那些需要学生思考而不只是重复的教学方法。
9.According to Chomsky,language is not a form of behaviour,it is an intricate_____ system and a large part of language acquisition is the learning of this system.【答案】rule-based
【解析】乔姆斯基认为，语言并不是一种行为，而是一套精密的以规则为基础的系统，语言习得主要是学习这一系统。
10.The_____theory believes that learning is a process in which the learner
constructs meaning based on his/her own experiences and what he/she already knows.
【答案】constructivist
【解析】建构主义认为，语言学习是学习者基于自己的知识和经验建构意义的过程。
11._____theory emphasizes interaction and engagement with the target language in a social context.
【答案】Socio-constructivist
【解析】社会建构主义理论注重学习者在社会环境中使用目的语进行互动（的能力）。
12.The most important and most difficult part of the making of a good language
teacher is the development of_____.
【答案】professional competence
【解析】成为一位优秀的语言教师最重要也是最难的是职业能力的发展。
13.Wallace uses a_____to demonstrate the development of professional competence.
【答案】‘reflective model’
【解析】华莱士采用一个“反思模型”来解释（教师）职业技能的发展。
14.In language teaching,methodology is the study of the practices and procedures
used in teaching,and the_____and_____that underlie them.
【答案】principles，beliefs
【解析】语言教学的方法论是指对语言教学实践和步骤，及其背后的原则和观念的研究。
15.The functional view not only sees language as a_____system but also a_____for doing things.
【答案】linguistic，means/tool
【解析】功能主义语言观认为语言不仅仅是一套语言系统，还是一套做事的工具。
Ⅱ.Multiple Choice
1.Which of the following is NOT true about how people learn a foreign language?
A.People started learning a foreign language at different ages.
B.People learn languages for different reasons.
C.People learn languages in the same way.
D.Leaning can be affected by the way how language is taught.
【答案】C
【解析】调查发现，人们开始学习一门外语的年龄是不同的，人们学习外语的原因也是不同的，而且人们学习语言的方式也不同。同时，语言的学习受语言教学方式的影响。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
2.Which of the following is NOT based on the definition of language?
A.Syllabus design.
B.Teaching style.
C.Teaching methodology.
D.Assessment procedures in the classroom.
【答案】B
【解析】语言的定义是教学大纲设计（syllabus design）、教学方法（teaching methodology）、课堂教学和测评程序（teaching and assessment procedures in the classroom）的基础。教师的教学风格虽与教师对语言的理解有关，但不是以语言的定义为基础的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
3.Which of the following statements is NOT true about audio-lingual method?
A.It is not used in the world today.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/027658478.html,nguage is learned by constant repetition and the reinforcement of the teacher.
C.Mistakes were immediately corrected.
D.Correct utterances were immediately praised.
【答案】A
【解析】听说法是语言教学法的一种。它认为语言是通过不断的重复和教师的加强学习的。在听说法教学中，教师会立即指出学生的语言错误，立即表扬学生的正确言语。听说法仍然在世界的许多地方被采用。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
4.Which of the following is NOT the quality of a good language teacher?
A.Ethic devotion.
B.Desirable personal styles.
C.Good educational background.
D.Necessary professional qualities.
【答案】C
【解析】一位优秀的语言教师具有三个方面的素养：良好的职业道德，优秀的个性，以及必备的职业技能。其中，职业技能的发展对于一位优秀的语言教师是最重要也是最难的。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
Ⅲ.True or False
1.Skinner suggested that language can be learned the same way as an animal is trained to respond to stimuli.
【答案】T
【解析】斯金纳认为学习语言与训练动物对刺激进行反应是一样的。