2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三
Unit 4 Astronomy: the Science Of The Stars天文学：恒星的科学
II．Reading HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH 地球上的生命是怎样开始的No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. 由于地球的产生是那么的久远，所以没有人确切知道地球是怎样产生的。【注释：as it happened 碰巧eg. They were all out, as it happened.真巧, 他们全出去了。】However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang”that threw matter in all directions.然而，根据一个广泛接受的理论，宇宙开始于一次“创世大爆炸”，该爆炸将物质抛向各个方向。【注释：in all directions四面八方；各个方向eg. The birds flew away in all directions when he fired a salute with a“bang”.当他“砰”的一声鸣礼炮时，鸟飞向各个方向。】After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.之后，原子开始形成，并结合形成恒星和其他物体。
For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust.就在“宇宙大爆炸”之后的几十亿年间，地球依然是一团尘埃。What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.这一团尘埃会变成什么还不能确定，直到45亿至38亿年前，这团尘埃才形成一个固定的球体。【注释：settle into有头绪, 上正轨eg. Things soon settled into shape.事情很快有了头绪。】The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球变得如此剧烈，以致于它能否持续下来还不清楚。【注释：①so… that…如此…以致于…：eg. The words tumbled out so fast that I could barely hear them.话说得那么快，我几乎都听不清。②it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是whether the shape would last or not.】It exploded loudly with fire and rock. “大爆炸”发生时伴有(艳丽的)火焰和岩石。【注释：explode vt. & vi.使爆炸；爆发explode with anger勃然大怒；explode with laughter哄然大笑；explode into laughte r突然大笑起来；explode into pieces炸得粉碎。如：Many people were injured when the boiler exploded.锅炉爆炸时，许多人受了伤。】They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.他们最终形成了碳、氮、水蒸气和其它气体，而这些就构成了地球的大气。【注释：in time (1)迟早, 最后eg. In time you'll
forget him.你迟早会忘了他的。(2)及时, 不迟eg. He is believed to arrive in time.相信他会及时到达。against time争分夺秒地，尽快地eg. he was working against time.他正争分夺秒地工作。ahead of time 提前，提早eg. We completed the work five days ahead of time.我们提前五天完成工作。all the time一直，始终eg. I have been busy all the time.我一直很忙。at no time绝不，在任何情况下都不eg. At no time will we give up.我们绝不屈服。in no time立刻，马上eg. I'll be back in no time.我马上就回来。at one time曾经；at a time一次；at the same time同时，然而，可是；from time to time有时，偶尔
考题：1. ______，I lost heart in English learning，but my teacher often said to me，“Keep on studying hard, and you’ll succeed _______.”
A．At a time；in time B．At a time；on time C．At one time；in time D．At one time；on time
2. —Does he often ask you for help? —Oh，no，only________.
A．all the time B．at one time C．at a time D．at times
3．—I am afraid I can’t return the book to you before Friday. —________.
A．Don’t be afraid B．Be careful C．Not at all D．Take your time】
What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.更为重要的是：当地球冷却下来后，水开始在地球表面出现了。【注释：①what is even more important 是由what引导的名词从句作主语；that…on its surface是由that引导的名词从句作表语，系表语从句，在这个表语从句中又含有由as引导的时间状语从句。②what is more而且, 此外; 更有甚者eg. They are going to get married, and what's more they are setting up in business together.他们就要结婚了, 而且还要一起做生意呢。】
Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but unlike the earth, it had disappeared later.水在其它行星上如火星也出现过，不过，不像地球上，它消失了。It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.（但），这并没有立刻就表明：水是生命发展的必要部分。【注释：①fundamental adj.基本的; 重要的, 必要的eg. Fresh air is fundamental to good health.新鲜空气对健康是不可缺少的。②It was not immediately obvious that…句中的“it”是形式主语，that 从句是真正的主语从句。】What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.许多科学家认为水的持续存在让地球将有害的气体和酸溶解到海洋中去。【注释：①What many scientists believe是由what引导的主语从句，作整个句子的主语。②dissolve vt. & vi.(使)溶解eg. The sun dissolves snow.太阳使雪融化。③harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的be harmful to…对…有害处eg. Smoking is harmful to your health.吸烟有害健康。do sb. harm/ do harm to sb.对某人有害；do more harm than good弊大于利；There is no harm in (sb’s) doing sth.(= It does no harm (for sb.) to do sth.)做某事无害处；come to harm身体上、精神上或道义上受到损害；do sb. good/ do good to sb.对某人有好处。如：1) The court case will do serious harm to my business.这起诉讼案件将严重损害我的生意。2) My brother's ship was caught in a storm but he came to no harm.我兄弟的船遇上了暴风雨, 但他没出事。3) You should do good to others.你应该对人行善。4) If we interfere, it may do more harm than good.如果我们干预的话, 可能弊多利少。】This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这产生了一系列的反应，这种反应使得生命的产生成为可能。【注释：made it possible for life to develop中的“it”是形式宾语，真正的宾语为for life to develop.】Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water.数百万年之后，在水的表面上开始出现最初的极其微小的植物。【注释：extremely adv.极端;极其;非常eg. 1) That is extremely interesting.那极为有趣。2) Outwardly she looked confident but in reality she felt extremely nervous.表面上她显得很自信,其实她非常紧张。】They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.他们开始繁殖，并使得海洋充满了氧气，而这又激励了早期的贝壳类动物和所有鱼类的发展。【注释：①multiply(1)乘, (使)相乘eg. 1) His son is learning to multiply and divide.他儿子正在学习乘法和除法。
2) One can make 18 by multiplying 3 and 6 (together).以3和6相乘可得18。(2) (使)增加eg. 1) Spending on military equipment has multiplied in the last five years.过去的五年中军事装备的开支大大增加。2) His experience was multiplied as the years passed.随着岁月的流逝, 他的经验丰富了。(3) (使)繁殖eg. 1) When animals have more food, they generally multiply faster.动物在有较多的食物时, 一般繁殖得较快。2) Hot weather multiplied the bacteria in milk rapidly.炎热的天气使牛奶中的细菌迅速繁殖。②fill … with sth.用…装满eg. I filled up the bottle with water.我把瓶子装满了水。】Next, green plants began to grow on land.随后，绿色植物开始在陆地上出现。They were followed in time by land animals.最后，陆地动物跟着出现。Some were insects.有些是昆虫。Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water.其它的，被称为两栖类的，既能够生活中水中，也能生活在陆地。【注释：as well as conj.还，而且eg. she is a talented musician as well as being a photographer. 她不但是个摄影师而且还是个天才的音乐家. 】Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time.后来，当植物长成森林后，爬行类动物开始第一次出现。【注释：for the first time第一次，在句子作状语；the first time常用于引导(状语)从句：(1) It’s the first time sb. have done sth. (2) Sb. was doing sth. the first time I came here.】They produced young generally by laying eggs.一般情况下，他们通过下蛋产幼仔。After that , some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed.而后，一些大型动物——恐龙，产生了。They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.恐龙也下蛋，在地球上存在了1亿4千多万年。However, 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended.可是，在6千5百万年前，恐龙世纪结束。Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.恐龙为什么突然消失依然还是个迷。【注释：sth. remain to be done某事有待于解决】This disappearance made it possible the rise of mammals on the earth.恐龙的消失使得哺乳动物在地球上的兴起成为可能。These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.这种动物不同于过去所有的生命形式，因为他们生产幼子，并且产奶来喂养幼子。【注释：give birth to…生; 引起, 产生eg. 1) She gave birth to a fine healthy baby.她生了一个健康可爱的婴儿。2）The scientist's experiments gave birth to a new drug.那位科学家的实验产生了一种新药。】Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth.最后，大约在2百6十万年前，一些小的聪明的动物，现在有手有脚，出现，遍及到各个角落。【注释：spread all over遍及；spread sth. (out) on/ over sth.在…上展开/摊开；spread oneself（=stretch oneself）舒展四肢；spread out散开；伸展；spread to传到；波及，蔓延到；word spread消息传开。辨析：extend, spread, stretch, expand(1) extend:伸出；延伸指空间范围的扩大，以及长度、宽度的朝外延伸，也指时间的延长。如：1) The headmaster extended(= prolong) our holiday by four days. 2) France has greatly extended its influence in world affairs.在世界事务中, 法国的影响已大大地扩大了。(2)spread指向四面八方扩大宣传的范围，如传播疾病，散布信息的(3) stretch伸展；拉长（=extend）一般指由曲变直，由短变长的伸展。如：stretch/ extend the radio antenna.将天线拉长。(4) expand扩大，不仅指尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。如：expand his store扩大店面。Air expands when heated.空气受热膨胀。试题：Papermaking began in China and from here it ____ to North Africa and Europe. A. spread B. grew C. carried D. developed 】
Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.这样，轮到他们，成为这个星体上最重要的动物。【注释：in one’s turn轮到某人；it’s your turn。该你了！in turn 依次，轮流；反之，反过来；by turns轮流；交替地；take turns to do sth.轮流做某事；It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。考题：People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this _____ creates further problems. A．in short B．in case C．in doubt D．in turn 】
But they are not looking after the earth very well.但，他们却不能很好地呵护好地球。They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 他们把太多的二氧化碳排放到大气中，这就阻碍了热从地球散发到太空。【注释：
prevent/stop …(from)…阻止, 防止eg. 1) My only idea was to prevent the woman from speaking.我唯一的想法就是不让那女人讲话。2) Cotton mittens will prevent the baby from scratching his own face.棉的连指手套使婴儿不会抓伤自己的脸。3) His prompt action prevented the fire from spreading.他的果断行动制止了火势的蔓延。考题：All possible means ________.However，nothing can________him dying of lung cancer.
A．has tried；stop B．have tried；keep C．has been tried；prevent D．have been tried; stop 】As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on.由于这样，许多科学家认为地球将会变得炎热难住。【注释：live on(1)住在…上eg. I have always wanted to live on an island in the middle of a lake.我总是想在一座湖心小岛上生活。(2) 继续活着; 继续存在eg. 1) He's ninety, but still he lives on.他90岁了, 还健在。2) These traditions will live on for centuries.这些传统将世代相传。】So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.所以，生命能否在地球上继续存在数百万年将取决于这个问题能否得以解决。试题：
1. She started as an office junior, and ____ became the director of the whole company.
A. in surprise
B. in return
C. in turn
D. in time
2. He is always ready to help others and many people ____ a live Lei Feng.
A. to think of him as
B. think of him as
C. think him like
D. look him as
3. _____ you are familiar with the author’s ideas, try reading all the sections as quickly as you possibly can.
A. Now that
B. Ever since
C. So that
D. As long as
4. It is not expected ____ he said caused so much discussion at the meeting.
A. that
B. what that
C. what
D. that what
5.* Animals suffered at the hands of man ____ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people.
A. in which
B. for which
C. so that
D. in that
6. The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took ___ pictures of them.
A. many of
B. masses of
C. the number of
D. a large amount of
重点句型：
1．What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.【精提取】What it was to become是what引导的主语从句，what 在从句中作become的宾语。【巧应用】使大家惊奇的是他竟没有参加会议。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________he didn’t come to the meeting.
答案：What surprised everybody is that
2．The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.
【精提取】whether...(or not)引导的从句还可充当宾语、表语、同位语等。
【巧应用】他是否能成功地通过驾驶考试还不确定。
It is uncertain_______ ______ ________ ________passing the driving test ____ ________.
答案：whether he'll succeed in; or not
3．This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.
【精提取】which引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句整个概念，也可代指单个先行词。【巧应用】杰克开车太快，这是危险的。
Jack drove too fast，________ ________ ________. 答案：which was dangerous
4．We watched，amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.【精提取】amazed是形容词化的过去分词，在此处作状语用。
【巧应用】他躺在床上，醒着。
He ________ ________ ________ ________，________. 答案：lay on the bed，awake
高中英语人教版必修三单词表． 必修3 Unit 1 1、发生 2、美；美人 收获；收割3、庆祝；祝贺4、狩猎者；猎人、5(使)饿死；饿得要死、6起源；由来；起因7、8、宗教上的;信奉宗教的;虔诚的 9、季节的；季节性的 10、祖先；祖宗 11、（日本）盂兰盆节 坟墓；墓地12、熏香；熏香的烟13、14、纪念；追念 15、墨西哥（拉丁美洲国家） 16、节日；盛宴 17、头脑；头骨 18、骨；骨头 19、万圣节前夕；诸圣日前夕
信任；信心；信仰20、 21、盛装；打扮；装饰 欺骗；诈骗;窍门诡计;恶作剧22、23、搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑 诗人、2425、哥伦布日 26、到来；到达；到达者 27、克利斯朵夫·哥伦布 28、获得；得到 29、独立；自主 30、独立的；自主的 搜集；集合；聚集31、 32、农业；农艺；农学 农业的；农艺的、33授予；判定奖；奖品34、 35、产品；（尤指）农产品 雄禽；公鸡36、37、赞美；钦佩；羡慕 38、充满活力的;精力充沛的;积极的 39、期望；期待；盼望 狂欢节；（四旬斋前的）饮宴狂欢；嘉年华（会）40、 41、月的；月亮的；阴历的耶稣)复活节42、(43、游行；阅兵；检阅、日夜；昼夜；整天4445、衣服 2 必修3 基督徒；信徒、46基督教的；信基督教的 47、耶稣 48、樱桃；樱桃树 49、花开花 50、好像 51、玩得开心 52、习惯；风俗 53、遍及全世界的；世界性的 玫瑰花蕾54、55、愚人；白痴；受骗者 干傻事；开玩笑傻的 必要性；需要56、57、许可；允许 预言；预报；预告58、59、样子；方式；时尚 60、特立尼达岛 61、卡拉（女名） 62、哈利（男名） 63、（汽车等）停放 64、停车场 65、圣瓦伦廷节；人节 66、出现；到场 67、守信用；履行诺言 68、屏息；屏气 69、道歉；辩白 70、淹没；溺死；淹死
人教版高中英语必修四课文翻译 第一单元：非洲野生动物研究者 清晨5点45分，太阳刚从东非的贡贝国家公园的上空升起，我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。我们当天的首项任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。这意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开黑猩猩一家睡觉的大树旁。大家坐在树荫下等待着，这时候猩猩们睡醒了，准备离开。然后这群黑猩猩向森林深处漫步而去，我们尾随其后。在大部分时间里，黑猩猩或相互喂食，或彼此擦身，这在它们的家庭里是表示爱的方式。简预先提醒我们，到下午的时候我们就会又脏又累。她说对了。不过到傍晚时分我们觉得这一切都是值得的。我们看到黑猩猩妈妈跟她的幼子们在树上玩耍，后来看见它们晚上一切回窝里睡觉了。我明白了猩猩家庭成员之间的联系像人类家庭一样紧密。 在简之前没有人完全了解黑猩猩的行为。她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常生活。从孩提时代起，简就想在动物生活的环境中研究它们。但是，这不是一件简单的事。当她1960年最初来到贡贝时，对女性来说，住进大森林还是很稀罕的事情。她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。她的工作改变了人们对黑猩猩的看法。比方说，她的一个重要发现是黑猩猩猎食动物。而在此之前，人们一直认为黑猩猩只吃水果和坚果。她曾经亲眼看到过一群黑猩猩捕杀一只猴子，然后把它吃掉。她还发现了黑猩猩之间是如何交流的，而她对黑猩猩肢体语言的研究帮助她勾勒出黑猩猩的社会体系。 40年来，简古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。她还为黑猩猩建起了可以安全生活的保护区。她的生活是忙忙碌碌的，然而，正如她所说的：“我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头。我就会想起实验室的黑猩猩，太可怕了。每当我看着野生黑猩猩时，这个念头总是萦绕着我。我会对自己说：‘难道它们不幸运吗？’然后我就想起那些没有任何过错却被关在笼子里的小黑猩猩。一旦你看到这些，你就永远不会忘记……” 简已经得到了她想要得到的一切：在动物的栖息地工作；获得博士学位；还向世人证明女人和男人一样也能在森林里生活。她激励着人们为妇女们的成就而欢呼喝彩。
普通高中课程标准实验教科书《英语》电子课本 Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world B3U1P1-3 FESTIV ALS AND CELEBRATIONS Ancient Festivals Festivals and celebrations of all kinds are held everywhere. The most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of the cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Other celebrations were held when hunters could catch animals. They would starve if food was difficult to find, so they celebrated when they had food. They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty. Festivals of the Dead Some festivals are held to honour the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm. In Japan the festival is called Obon, when people should go to clean the graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico they have the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people might eat food in shape of skulls, and cakes with “bones” on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in memory of the dead. It is now a children’s festival, when they can go to their neighbours’ homes and ask for sweets. They dress up and try to frighten people. If they are not given anything, the children might play a trick. Festivals to Honour People Festivals can be held as an honour to famous people or to the gods. One of these is the Dragon Boat Festival in China, which honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. Another is Columbus Day in the USA, in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in America. In India there is a national festival on October 2 to honour Mahatma Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain. Harvest Festivals Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter ,and because a season of agricultural work is over. In European countries it is the custom to decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and people get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their animals, flowers, fruits and vegetables, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. In China and Japan there are mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and give gift of mooncakes. Spring Festivals The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat, and may give children lucky money in the red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the lunar New Year together. In some Western countries there are very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. They might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival in Christian countries. It celebrates the return of Jesus for Christians and it also celebrates the coming of spring. In Japan, the Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow. People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each others. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our daily life for a little while.
人教新课标模块3教材分析 ——西北工业大学附属中学 由国家教育部制定并颁布的《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》明确规定高中英语课程应使学生在义务教育阶段学习的基础上进一步明确英语学习的目的，发展自主学习能力和合作精神；在加强对学生综合语言运用能力培养的同时，注重提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力，以及用英语进行思维和表达的能力；高中英语课程还应根据学生的个性特征和发展的需要，为他们提供丰富的选择机会和充分的表现空间。通过高中英语课程的学习，使学生的语言运用能力进一步得到提高，国际视野更加宽广，爱国主义精神和民族使命感进一步增强，为他们的为未来发展和终身学习奠定良好的基础。人教新课标这套教材每一个模块有五个教学单元。每个单元围绕一个主要的话题开展听说读写的活动，共分九个部分。“热身”（warming up）---主要通过问卷调查，看图讨论，情景听说，思考问题等多种形式的活动，激发学生的学习兴趣，激活其已有的知识，使学生能运用自己已有的知识和经验思考该单元的中心话题。“读前”(Pre-reading)---设置问题启发学生预测课文的内容，展开简短的讨论，以便通过阅读验证自己的推测。“阅读”（Reading)---为各单元的主要阅读语篇，题材和体裁多种多样，承载该单元的话题重要信息，以及大部分词汇和主要的语法结构。“理解”（Comprehending）---用以检测学生对阅读课文的理解程度。“语言学习” (Learning about Language)---采用发现和探究的方法启发学生自己找出书中的重要语言项目，培养学生初步运用这些语言的技能。“语言运用”(Using Language)---围绕中心话题的听说读写的综合性练习，包括了Listening and speaking & Reading and writing。“小结”(Summing Up)---要求学生自己小结从各单元中学到的内容，生词和习惯用语以及语法结构。“学习建议”(Learning Tip)---培养学习策略，优化学习方式，提高自主学习的能力。“趣味阅读”(Reading for Fun)---满足学生的兴趣需求，体现教材的选择性和拓展性。 以上是普通高中英语课程标准（实验稿）对课程目标的解读。下面，我们将从教材的使用者的角度，结合在教材使用过程中学生对教材的反应情况，主要针对模块教材整体，从模块和单元知识结构，模块和单元内容发生发展过程，模块和单元知识学习意义，模块和单元教学建议与学法指导说明四个方面浅略地谈一下自己的见解，以期与各位同行共同探讨更好地掌握、运用好英语课程标准。
Unit 1 Festivals around the world FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Today’s festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. Festivals of the dead Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them. Festivals to Honour People Festivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Y uan. In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain. Harvest Festivals Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals when people admire the moon and in China enjoy moon-cakes. Spring Festivals The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together. Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of al kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world. It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japan’s Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow. People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.
Unit 1 Women of achievement Reading A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family beings to wake up and move off. Then we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Them we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as long as in a human family. Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system. Four forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leading a busy life but she says: “Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. I say to myself, ‘Aren't they luck?' And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. Once you have seen that you can never forget…” She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctor's degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can. She inspires those who want to cheer the achievement of women. Using language WHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORD? I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I choose to study at university? I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the
必修三 Unit1 festivals around the world 1.take place 发生（指按计划发生，相当于不及物动词，没有被动语态）； happen发生（指偶然地没有预见地发生，也是不及物动词，没有被动语态，） take the place of 代替 e.g. The 2012 Summer Olympics will take place in London. A funny thing happened in our class last Monday. I will take the place of him to finish the work. 2. in memory of…纪念；追念（介词短语） e.g. I send you this card in memory of our happy summer together. 3. lead…to…把……带向（引领到）…; lead to…导致 e.g. I will lead the blind man back home. Regular reviewing leads to better grades. 4. in the shape of…以/在……的形状 e.g. I dare eat the food in the shape of skulls. 5. belief 信任；信心；信仰。其复数为beliefs. 6. dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰。dress up as…打扮成…… e.g. We dressed up for the school party on Christmas Day. They tried to dress him up as a “national hero”. dress up, put on, wear, have on 的区别 1）dress意思是给自己或别人穿衣服。可单独用作不及物动词；作及物动词接宾语时要接表示人的名词、代词或反身代词。dressed可作表语，be dressed (in)表示“穿着”的状态。2）put on 表示“穿上、戴上”，是终止性短语，表动作，其宾语是衣服、鞋、帽、手套、袜子、眼镜等。 3）wear是“穿着、戴着”，除了接普通衣服外，还可指佩戴手表、首饰、徽章、花以及留发型、胡须等，含义最广。 4）have on表示静态“穿着、戴着”，多用于口语，是比较普通的用语，不用于进行时。 7. play a trick on…搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑。还常用作play tricks on… e.g. He intends to play a trick on that girl. Don’s play tricks on me- I want to know the truth. 8. award n. 奖，奖品（可数）vt.授予；判定 e.g. He won the first awards of many English contests. The school awarded Mary a prize for her good work.学校因为玛丽的出色表现而奖励了她。medal, prize, reward和award用法辨析： medal指“奖章，勋章，纪念章”，如金牌、银牌等。 prize指“奖品，奖金；战利品；捕获物”，如在竞争或比赛中赢得的，或作为对胜利或优胜的嘉奖的东西 reward指“回报，报酬，报应”，为相应的行为作酬劳或为邪恶的举止作报应而授予或收到的东西。 award指“奖品”，因优点奖励或授予的东西。 e.g. How many gold medals has he won? My brother won the first prize in the contest. A large reward is offered for the capture of the criminals.
Unit 1 1、发生 2、美；美人 3、收获；收割 4、庆祝；祝贺 5、狩猎者；猎人 6、(使)饿死；饿得要死 7、起源；由来；起因 8、宗教上的;信奉宗教的;虔诚的 9、季节的；季节性的 10、祖先；祖宗 11、（日本）盂兰盆节 12、坟墓；墓地 13、熏香；熏香的烟 14、纪念；追念 15、墨西哥（拉丁美洲国家） 16、节日；盛宴 17、头脑；头骨 18、骨；骨头 19、万圣节前夕；诸圣日前夕 20、信任；信心；信仰 21、盛装；打扮；装饰 22、诡计;恶作剧;窍门欺骗；诈骗 23、搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑 24、诗人 25、哥伦布日 26、到来；到达；到达者 27、克利斯朵夫·哥伦布 28、获得；得到 29、独立；自主 30、独立的；自主的 31、搜集；集合；聚集 32、农业；农艺；农学 33、农业的；农艺的 34、奖；奖品授予；判定 35、产品；（尤指）农产品 36、雄禽；公鸡 37、赞美；钦佩；羡慕 38、充满活力的;精力充沛的;积极的 39、期望；期待；盼望 40、狂欢节；（四旬斋前的）饮宴狂欢；嘉年华（会） 41、月的；月亮的；阴历的 42、 (耶稣)复活节 43、游行；阅兵；检阅 44、日夜；昼夜；整天 45、衣服
46、基督徒；信徒 基督教的；信基督教的 47、耶稣 48、樱桃；樱桃树 49、花开花 50、好像 51、玩得开心 52、习惯；风俗 53、遍及全世界的；世界性的 54、玫瑰花蕾 55、愚人；白痴；受骗者 干傻事；开玩笑傻的 56、必要性；需要 57、许可；允许 58、预言；预报；预告 59、样子；方式；时尚 60、特立尼达岛 61、卡拉（女名） 62、哈利（男名） 63、（汽车等）停放 64、停车场 65、圣瓦伦廷节；人节 66、出现；到场 67、守信用；履行诺言 68、屏息；屏气 69、道歉；辩白 70、淹没；溺死；淹死 71、悲哀，悲伤 72、明显的；显而易见的 73、擦；揩；擦去 74、（使）迂回 75、牧群；兽群 76、银河 77、喜鹊 78、哭泣;流泪哭；哭泣 79、广播员；告知者；报幕员 80、出发；动身；使爆炸 81、提醒；使想起 82、使……想起…… 83、原谅；恕 Unit 2 84、日常饮食节食 85、意大利式细面条 86、坚果；果仁 87、肌肉；（食用）瘦肉 88、给予保护的；保护的
必修4 Unit 1 A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. Then we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family. Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system. For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leading a busy life but she says: "Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. I say to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?" And then I think about small chimps in cages
1.必修三Unit1 Festivals and celebrations节日和庆典 Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. 自古以来，世界各地就有各种各样的节日和庆典。Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. 最古老的节日总是庆祝严寒的结束、春季的种植和秋天的收割。Sometimes celebrate would be held after hunters had caught animals. 有时，在猎人捕获猎物后，也举行庆祝活动。At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. 在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们会挨饿。Today’s festivals have many origins ,some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. 现在的节日有很多由来，一些是宗教上的，一些是季节性的，一些是纪念特殊的人和事件的。 Festivals of the Dead亡灵节 Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. 有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。For the Japanese festival. Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. 在日本的盂兰盆节，人们要扫墓、烧香，以缅怀祖先。They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. 他们还点起灯笼，奏响乐曲，因为他们认为这样做可以把祖先引回到世上。In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. 在墨西哥，亡灵节是在11月初。On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. 在这个重要的节日里，人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物，和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕。They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. 他们向亡者祭献食物、鲜花和礼品。The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. 西方节日万圣节也源自人们古老的信念，认为亡者的灵魂会返回人间。It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets. 万圣节如今成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮上到邻居家要糖吃。If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them. 如果邻居什么糖也不给，那么孩子们就可以捉弄他们了。 Festivals to Honour People纪念名人的节日 Festivals can also be held to honour famous people . 也有纪念名人的节日。The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Y uan. 中国的端午节（龙舟节），是纪念著名古代诗人屈原的。In the USA Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in New World. 美国的哥伦布日是纪念克里斯托弗·哥伦布发现“新大陆”的日子。India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain. 印度在10月2日有个全国性节日，纪念莫汉达斯·甘地，他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。 Harvest Festivals庆丰收的节日 Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. 收获与感恩节是非常喜庆的节日。People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. 越冬的粮食收集起来了，农活结束了，人们都心怀感激。In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals. 在欧洲国家，人们通常用花果来装饰教堂和市政厅，在一起聚餐。Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. 有些人还可能因为他们的农产品（参加各种评选）而获奖，比如最大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡。China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy