【可直接打印真题汇编难得】2007-2017年全国新课标(1、2、3卷)真题+解析,可以直接打印
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2020年2月3日测试卷(学生版)语文【2017年高考课标Ⅰ卷】阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
气候正义是环境正义在气候变化领域的具体发展和体现。
2000年前后,一些非政府组织承袭环境正义运动的精神,开始对气候变化的影响进行伦理审视,气候正义便应运而生。
气候正义关注的核心主要是在气候容量有限的前提下,如何界定各方的权利和义务,主要表现为一种社会正义或法律正义。
从空间维度来看,气候正义涉及不同国家和地区之间公平享有气候容量的问题,也涉及一国内部不同区域之间公平享有气候容量的问题,因而存在气候变化的国际公平和国内公平问题。
公平原则应以满足人的基本需求作为首要目标,每个人都有义务将自己的“碳足迹”控制在合理范围之内。
比如说,鉴于全球排放空间有限,而发达国家已实现工业化,在分配排放空间时,就应首先满足发展中国家在衣食住行和公共基础设施建设等方面的基本发展需求,同时遏制在满足基本需求之上的奢侈排放。
从时间维度来看,气候正义涉及当代人与后代之间公平享有气候容量的问题,因而存在代际权利义务关系问题。
这一权利义务关系,从消极方面看,体现为当代人如何约束自己的行为来保护地球气候系统,以将同等质量的气候系统交给后代;从积极方面看,体现为当代人为自己及后代设定义务,就代际公平而言,地球上的自然资源在代际分配问题上应实现代际共享,避免““生态赤字”。
因为,地球这个行星上的自然资源包括气候资源,是人类所有成员,包括上一代、这一代和下一代,共同享有和掌管的。
我们这一代既是受益人,有权使用并受益于地球,又是受托人,为下一代掌管地球。
我们作为地球的受托管理人,对子孙后代负有道德义务。
实际上,气候变化公约或协定把长期目标设定为保护气候系统免受人为原因引起的温室气体排放导致的干扰,其目的正是为了保护地球气候系统,这是符合后代利益的。
至少从我们当代人已有的科学认识来看,气候正义的本质是为了保护后代的利益,而非为其设定义务。
总之,气候正义既有空间的维度,也有时间的维度,既涉及国际公平和国内公平,也涉及代际公平和代内公平。
绝密★启用前2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
现在不断有人提问,为什么我们这个堪称伟大的时代却出不了伟大的作家?对此我的想法是,现在是一个无权威的、趣味分散的时代,一个作家很难得到全民集中的认可。
事实上,要成为一位大家公认的伟大作家,需要时间的考验,甚至包括几代人的阅读和筛选。
而且在今天这样一个时代,消费与享受往往消磨作家敏锐的洞察力和浪漫的激情,以致那种具有巨大原创力的作品很难产生。
当然,当代中国缺少伟大的作家,除了这些外在的方面,也有作家自身主体弱化的问题。
比如市场需求之多与作家生活体验不足的矛盾、市场要求产出快与创作本身求慢求精的矛盾等等。
而这当中,正面精神价值的匮乏或无力,无疑是当下文学创作中最为重要的缺失。
所谓正面精神价值,指的就是那种引向善、呼唤爱、争取光明、辨明是非、正面造就人的能力。
这种价值在文学作品中的体现,与作家对民族的精神资源的利用密切相关。
我们民族的精神资源很丰富,但是也还需要作必要的整合和转化,才能化为作家内心深处的信仰,运用到创作中去。
还有一些作家表现出“去资源化”的倾向,他们不知如何利用资源,索性不作任何整合与转化,以为只要敢于批判和暴露,就会写出最深刻的作品。
但如果都是暴力、血腥,就让人看不到一点希望,而真正深刻的作品不仅要能揭露和批判,还要有正面塑造人的灵魂的能力。
还有另外一种主体精神弱化的现象。
很多作品没完没了地写油盐酱醋和一地鸡毛,缺少一种人文关怀。
作家的责任是把叙事从趣味推向存在,真正找到生命的价值所在。
当他们丧失了对生活的敏感和疼痛感,把创作变成了制作,批量化地生产的时候,文学就不会有什么真正的生命了。
老舍先生曾将长篇小说《大明湖》浓缩成《月牙儿》,篇幅几近短篇,却也创造了中国现代文学中公认的经典。
他幽默地说:“我在经济上吃了亏,在艺术上占了便宜。
”如果今天的作家都肯下这种苦功,那么消费的时代再汹汹然,我们仍然可以对震撼人心的好作品的出现满怀期望。
最新课程标准考试数学试题(一)一、填空题(本大题共10道小题,每小题3分,共30分)1、数学是研究(空间形式和数量关系)的科学,是刻画自然规律和社会规律的科学语言和有效工具。
2、数学教育要使学生掌握数学的基本知识、(基本技能)、基本思想。
3、高中数学课程应具有多样性和(选择性),使不同的学生在数学上得到不同的发展。
4、高中数学课程应注重提高学生的数学(思维)能力。
5、高中数学选修2-2的内容包括:导数及其应用、(推理与证明)、数系的扩充与复数的引入。
6、高中数学课程要求把数学探究、(数学建模)的思想以不同的形式渗透在各个模块和专题内容之中。
7、选修课程系列1是为希望在(人文、社会科学)等方面发展的学生设置的,系列2是为希望在理工、经济等方面发展的学生设置的。
8、新课程标准的目标要求包括三个方面:知识与技能,过程与方法,(情感、态度、价值观)。
9、向量是近代数学中重要和基本的数学概念之一,它是沟通代数、几何与(三角函数)的一种工具。
10、数学探究即数学(探究性课题)学习,是指学生围绕某个数学问题,自主探究、学习的过程。
二、判断题(本大题共5道小题,每小题2分,共10分)1、高中数学课程每个模块1学分,每个专题2学分。
(错)改:高中数学课程每个模块2学分,每个专题1学分。
2、函数关系和相关关系都是确定性关系。
(错)改:函数关系是一种确定性关系,而相关关系是一种非确定性关系。
3、统计是研究如何合理收集、整理、分析数据的学科,它可以为人们制定决策提供依据。
(对)4、数学是人类文化的重要组成部分,为此,高中数学课程提倡体现数学的文化价值。
(对)5、教师应成为学生进行数学探究的领导者。
(错)改:教师应成为学生进行数学探究的组织者、指导者和合作者。
三、简答题(本大题共4道小题,每小题7分,共28分)1、高中数学课程的总目标是什么?使学生在九年制义务教育数学课程的基础上,进一步提高作为未来公民所必要的数学素养,以满足个人发展与社会进步的需要。
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷II)英语试卷参考答案第一部分英语知识运用(共三节,满分50分)第一节语音知识(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)l. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. D第二节语法和词汇知识(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)6. D7. C8. A9. B 10. C11. B 12. C 13. A14. D 15. B16. C 17. A18. D 19. B 20. C第三节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)21. C 22. A23. B 24. D 25. A26. D 27. C 28. B 29. B 30. C31. D 32. A33. B 34. C 35. D36. D 37. A38. C 39. A40. B第二部分阅读理解(共25小题,第一节每小题2分,第二节每小题1分;满分45分)第一节,阅读下面短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
41. B 42. C 43. A44. D 45. B46. B 47. C 48. B 49. C 50. A51. D 52. C 53. A54. D 55. A56. B 57. A58. D 59. C 60. A第二节根据对话内容,从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
61. F62. B63. E64. A65. D第三部分写作(共三节,满分55分)第一节单词拼写(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)66. message67. broadcast/broadcasted68. celebrate69. majority70. succeed71. description72. praised73. everywhere74. favo(u)rite75. pink第二节短文改错(共10小题,每小题1.5分,满分15分)Dear Grandpa,Thank you for your letter.My school is organizing a basketball team andthere' s just a chance which I can join it. I'm little of 76. __thatcourse, but terribly quick and bravely. While the others 77. __brave__are jumping about in the air, I can run under my legs 78. ___theirand get the ball. It will be lots of fun for practicing but 79. __for ___in the playground in the afternoon with the tree 80. ___ trees___around us all red and yellow and everybody laughing 81. ___√___and shouting. These are the happier girls I' ve ever 82. __ happiest__seen and I' m the happiest in all! 83. __of___I meant to write ^long letter and tell you all the 84. ____a___things I' m doing at school, but the bell was ringing, 85. ___is____so I just have to stop here.Love,Judy第三节书面表达(满分30分)Welcome to Baishan Mountain HotelBaishan Mountain Hotel is now open for business.Our hotel stands 500 meters away from the entrance to Baishan Mountain. It has 20 afaigle rooms and 15 double rooms, all with hot showers. A single room is 100 yuan and a double room 150 yuan for one night. Y ou are advised to book in advance. The hotel serves three meals a day and there are Chinese food and western food for you to choose from. Y ou can also enjoy yourself at the cafe drinking tea or coffee in the evening. We also have a swimming pool, which is open all day and free of charge.All are welcome!。
数学试卷 第1页(共46页) 数学试卷 第2页(共46页)绝密★启用前2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国卷1文科数学本试卷满分150分,考试时间120分钟考生注意:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的准考证号、姓名填写在答题卡上.考生要认真核对答题卡上粘贴的条形码的“准考证号、姓名、考试科目”与考生本人准考证号、姓名是否一致.2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号,回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上.写在本试卷上无效.3.考试结束后,监考员将试题卷和答题卡一并交回.一、选择题:本题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.已知集合{}|2A x x =<,{}|320B x x =->,则( ) A .3|2A B x x ⎧⎫=<⎨⎬⎩⎭IB .A B =∅IC .3|2A B x x ⎧⎫=<⎨⎬⎩⎭UD .A B =R U2.为评估一种农作物的种植效果,选了n 块地作试验田.这n 块地的亩产量(单位:kg )分别为1x ,2x ,……,n x ,下面给出的指标中可以用来评估这种农作物亩产量稳定程度的是( )A .1x ,2x ,……,n x 的平均数B .1x ,2x ,……,n x 的标准差C .1x ,2x ,……,n x 的最大值D .1x ,2x ,……,n x 的中位数3.下列各式的运算结果为纯虚数的是( ) A .2(1)i i +B .2(1)i i -C .2(1)i +D .(1)i i +4.如图,正方形ABCD 内的图形来自中国古代的太极图.正方形内切圆中的黑色部分和白色部分关于正方形的中心成中心对称.在正方形内随机取一点,则此点取自黑色部分的概率是( )A .14B .π8C .12D .π 45.已知F 是双曲线C :1322=-y x 的右焦点,P 是C 上一点,且PF 与x 轴垂直,点A的坐标是(1,3),△APF 的面积为( )A .13B .1 2C .2 3D .326.如图,在下列四个正方体中,A ,B 为正方体的两个顶点,M ,N ,Q 为所在棱的中点,则在这四个正方体中,直线AB 与平面MNQ 不平行的是( )A .B .C .D .-------------在--------------------此--------------------卷--------------------上--------------------答--------------------题--------------------无--------------------效----------------毕业学校_____________ 姓名_____________ 考生号_____________ ____________________________________________________数学试卷 第3页(共46页) 数学试卷 第4页(共46页)7.设x ,y 满足约束条件33,1,0,x y x y y +≤⎧⎪-≥⎨⎪≥⎩则z x y =+的最大值为( )A .0B .1C .2D .38.函数sin21cos xy x=-的部分图像大致为( )A .B .C .D .9.已知函数()ln ln(2)f x x x =+-,则( ) A .()f x 在(0,2)单调递增B .()f x 在(0,2)单调递减C .()y f x =的图像关于直线1x =对称D .()y f x =的图像关于点(1,0)对称10.下面程序框图是为了求出满足321000nn->的最小偶数n ,个空白框中,可以分别填入( )A .1000A >和1n n =+B .1000A >和2n n =+C .1000A ≤和1n n =+D .1000A ≤和2n n =+11.△ABC 的内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c .已知sin sin (sin cos )0B A C C +-=,2a =,c =C =( )A .π12B .π6C .4D .π312.设A ,B 是椭圆C :2213x y m+=长轴的两个端点,若C 上存在点M 满足120AMB ∠=︒,则m 的取值范围是( )A .(0,1][9,)+∞UB .[9,)+∞UC .(0,1][4,)+∞UD .[4,)+∞U二、填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.13.已知向量)2(–1,=a ,)1(,m =b .若向量+a b 与a 垂直,则m =________. 14.曲线21y x x=+在点(1,2)处的切线方程为______________. 15.已知π(0)2α∈,,tan 2α=,则πcos ()4α-=__________.16.已知三棱锥S ABC -的所有顶点都在球O 的球面上,SC 是球O 的直径.若平面SCA ⊥平面SCB ,SA AC =,SB BC =,三棱锥S ABC -的体积为9,则球O 的表面积为________.数学试卷 第5页(共46页) 数学试卷 第6页(共46页)三、解答题:共70分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.第17~21题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须作答.第22.23题为选考题,考生根据要求作答. (一)必考题:共60分. 17.(12分)记n S 为等比数列{}n a 的前n 项和,已知22S =,36S =-. (1)求{}n a 的通项公式;(2)求n S ,并判断1n S +,n S ,2n S +是否成等差数列.18.(12分)如图,在四棱锥P ABCD -中,AB CD ∥,且90BAP CDP ∠=∠=o .(1)证明:平面PAB ⊥平面PAD ;(2)若PA PD AB DC ===,90APD ∠=o ,且四棱锥P ABCD -的体积为83,求该四棱锥的侧面积.19.(12分)为了监控某种零件的一条生产线的生产过程,检验员每隔30 min ,从该生产线上随机抽取一个零件,并测量其尺寸(单位:cm ).下面是检验员在一天内依次抽取的16经计算得119.9716i i x x ===∑,0.212s ==≈,18.439≈,161()(8.5) 2.78ii x x i =--=-∑,其中ix 为抽取的第i 个零件的尺寸,1,2,,16i =⋅⋅⋅.(1)求(,)i x i (1,2,,16)i =⋅⋅⋅的相关系数r ,并回答是否可以认为这一天生产的零件尺寸不随生产过程的进行而系统地变大或变小(若||0.25r <,则可以认为零件的尺寸不随生产过程的进行而系统地变大或变小).(2)一天内抽检零件中,如果出现了尺寸在(3,3)x s x s -+之外的零件,就认为这条生产线在这一天的生产过程可能出现了异常情况,需对当天的生产过程进行检查.(ⅰ)从这一天抽检的结果看,是否需对当天的生产过程进行检查?(ⅱ)在(3,3)x s x s -+之外的数据称为离群值,试剔除离群值,估计这条生产线当天生产的零件尺寸的均值与标准差.(精确到0.01)附:样本(,)i i x y (1,2,,)i n =⋅⋅⋅的相关系数()()niix x y y r --=∑,0.09≈.20.(12分)设A ,B 为曲线C :24x y =上两点,A 与B 的横坐标之和为4.(1)求直线AB 的斜率;(2)设M 为曲线C 上一点,C 在M 处的切线与直线AB 平行,且AM BM ⊥,求直线AB 的方程. 21.(12分)已知函数2()()xxe ef x a a x =--. (1)讨论()f x 的单调性;(2)若()0f x ≥,求a 的取值范围.毕业学校_____________ 姓名_____________ 考生号_________________________________________________________________-------------在--------------------此--------------------卷--------------------上--------------------答--------------------题--------------------无--------------------效----------------数学试卷 第7页(共46页) 数学试卷 第8页(共46页)(二)选考题:共10分.请考生在第22、23题中任选一题作答.如果多做,则按所做的第一题计分.22.[选修4−4:坐标系与参数方程](10分)在直角坐标系xOy 中,曲线C 的参数方程为3cos ,sin ,x y θθ=⎧⎨=⎩(θ为参数),直线l 的参数方程为4,1,x a t y t =+⎧⎨=-⎩(t 为参数). (1)若1-=a ,求C 与l 的交点坐标;(2)若C 上的点到la . 23.[选修4−5:不等式选讲](10分)已知函数2()4f x x ax =-++,g()|1||1|x x x =++-. (1)当1a =时,求不等式()g()f x x ≥的解集;(2)若不等式()g()f x x ≥的解集包含[1,1]-,求a 的取值范围.2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国卷1文科数学答案解析一、选择题 1.【答案】A【解析】由320x ->得32x <,所以33{|2}{|}{|}22A B x x x x x x ⋂=<⋂<=<,选A .2.【答案】B【解析】刻画评估这种农作物亩产量稳定程度的指标是标准差,故选B 3.【答案】C【解析】由2(1)2i i +=为纯虚数,选C . 4.【答案】B【解答】解:根据图象的对称性知,黑色部分为圆面积的一半,设圆的半径为1,则正方形的边长为2,则黑色部分的面积π2S =,则对应概率ππ248P ==,故选B .5.【答案】D【解析】由2224c a b =+=得2c =,所以(2,0)F ,将2x =代入2213y x -=,得3y =±,所以3PF =,又A 的坐标是(1,3),故APF 的面积为133(21)22⨯⨯-=,选D .6.【答案】A【解析】由B ,AB MQ ∥,则直线AB ∥平面MNQ ;由C ,AB MQ ∥,则直线AB ∥平面MNQ ;由D ,AB NQ ∥,则直线AB ∥平面MNQ .故A 不满足,选A . 7.【答案】D【解析】如图,目标函数z x y =+经过(3,0)A 时最大,故max 303z =+=,故选D .数学试卷 第9页(共46页) 数学试卷 第10页(共46页)8.【答案】C【解析】由题意知,函数sin 21cos xy x=-为奇函数,故排除B ;当πx =时,0y =,排除D ;当1x =时,sin 201cos2y =>-,排除A ,故选C .9.【答案】C【解答】解:Q 函数()ln ln(2)f x x x =+-,(2)ln(2)ln f x x x ∴-=-+,即()(2)f x f x =-,即()y f x =的图象关于直线1x =对称,故选:C . 10.【答案】D【解析】由题意选择321000n n ->,则判定框内填1000A ≤,由因为选择偶数,所以矩形框内填2n n =+,故选D . 11.【答案】B【解析】由题意sin()sin (sin cos )0A C A C C ++-=得sin cos cos sin sin sin sin cos 0A C A C A C A C ++-=,即πsin (sin cos )sin()0C A A C A +=+=,所以3π4A =.由正弦定理sin sin a c A C =得23πsin 4=1sin 2C =,得π6C =,故选B . 12.【答案】A【解析】当03m <<,焦点在x 轴上,要使C 上存在点M满足120AMB ∠=o,则tan 60ab ≥o≥01m <≤;当3m >,焦点在y轴上,要使C 上存在点M 满足120AMB ∠=o ,则tan 60ab ≥=o ≥,得9m ≥,故m 的取值范围为(0,1][9,)⋃+∞,选A .二、填空题 13.【答案】7【解析】由题得(1,3)m +=-a b , 因为()0+=g a b a ,所以(1)230m --+⨯=解得7m =14.【答案】1y x =+ 【解析】设()y f x = 则21()2f x x x'=-所以(1)211f '=-=所以在(1,2)处的切线方程为21(1)y x -=⨯-,即1y x =+.15. 【解析】π(0,)2α∈Q ,tan 2α=,sin2cos αα∴=,22sin cos 1αα+=Q,解得sinα=,cos α=πππcos()cos cos sin sin 444ααα∴-=+=,16.【答案】36π【解析】取SC 的中点O ,连接,OA OB 因为,SA AC SB BC == 所以,OA SC OB SC ⊥⊥因为平面SAC ⊥平面SBC数学试卷 第11页(共46页) 数学试卷 第12页(共46页)所以OA ⊥平面SBC 设OA r =3111123323A SBC SBC V S OA r r r r -∆=⨯⨯=⨯⨯⨯⨯=所以31933r r =⇒=所以球的表面积为24π36πr = 三、解答题17.【答案】(1)(2)n n a =- (2)1n S +,n S ,2n S +成等差数列.【解析】(1)设等比数列{}n a 首项为1a ,公比为q ,则332628a S S ==--=--,则31228a a q q -==,328a a q q-==, 由122a a +=,2882q q--+=,整理得2440q q ++=, 解得:2q =-,则12a =-,1(2)(2)(2)n n n a =--=﹣-. (2)由(1)可知:11(1q )1[2(2)]13n n n a S q +-==-+--, 则211[2(2)]3n n S ++=-+-,321[2(2)]3n n S ++=-+-,由231211[2(2)][2(2)]33n n n n S S +++++=-+--+-=12114(2)(2)[](2)(2)3n n ++-+-⨯-+-⨯-111142(2)2(2(2)33[][)]n n ++=-+⨯-=⨯-⨯+-2n S =,即122n n n S S S +++=所以1n S +,n S ,2n S +成等差数列.18.【答案】(1)90BAP AB PA ∠=︒⇒⊥Q ,90CDP CD PD ∠=︒⇒⊥AB CD Q ∥,PA PD P =I ,AB PAD ∴⊥平面 AB PAD ⊂Q 平面PAB PAD ∴平面⊥平面(2)6+【解析】(1)见答案(2)由(1)知AB PAD ⊥平面,90APB ∠=︒Q ,PA PD AB DC ===.取AD 中点O ,所以OP ABCD ⊥底面,,OP AB AD =,1833P ABCDV AB AB -∴=⨯= 2AB ∴=AD BC ∴==,2PA PD AB DC ====,POPB PC ∴===11112222PAD PAB PDC PBC PA PD PA PB DC PD BC S S S S S =⨯⨯+⨯⨯+⨯⨯+⨯∴=+++V V V V 侧111122222222226=⨯⨯+⨯⨯+⨯⨯+⨯=+ 19.【答案】(1)0.18-(2)(i )需要对当天的生产过程进行检查. (ii )均值为10.02,标准差约为0.09. 【解析】(1)16()(8.5)0.18ixx i r --==≈-∑因为||0.25r <,所以可以认为这一天生产的零件尺寸不随生产过程的进行而系统地变大或变小.(2)(i )39.9730.2129.334x s -=-⨯=,39.9730.21210.636x s +=+⨯=所以合格零件尺寸范围是(9.334,10.606),显然第13号零件尺寸不在此范围之内, 因此需要对当天的生产过程进行检查. (ii )剔除离群值后,剩下的数据平均值为169.22169.979.2210.021515x -⨯-==,数学试卷 第13页(共46页) 数学试卷 第14页(共46页)0.09s =≈.20.【答案】(1)1 (2)7y x =+【解析】(1)设()()1122,,,A x y B x y , 则2221212121214414ABx xy y x x K x x x x --+====-- (2)设200(,)4x M x ,则C 在M 处的切线斜率'00112AB y K K x x x ====- 02x ∴=,则()12,1A ,又AM BM ⊥,22121212121111442222AM BM x x y y K K x x x x ----==----g g g()()()121212222411616x x x x x x +++++===-即()12122200x x x x +++= 又设AB :y x m =+,代入24x y = 得2440x x m --=124x x ∴+=,124x x m =-48200m =-++7m ∴=故AB :y x =+721.【答案】(1)当0a =时,()f x 在R 上单调递增,当0a >时,()f x 在(ln )a -∞,上单调递减,在(ln )a +∞,上单调递增, 当0a <时,()f x 在(,ln())2a -∞-上单调递减,在(ln())2a -+∞,上单调递增, (2)34]21[,e -.【解析】(1)222()x x x x f x e e a a x e e a a x =-=-()--, 222(2)()x x x x f x e ae a e a e a ∴'==-+-()﹣,①当0a =时,()0f x '>恒成立,()f x ∴在R 上单调递增.②当0a >时,20x e a +>,令()0f x '=,解得ln x a =, 当ln x a <时,()0f x '<,函数()f x 单调递减, 当ln x a >时,()0f x '>,函数()f x 单调递增,③当0a <时,0x e a -<,令()0f x '=,解得ln()2a x =-,当ln()2ax -<时,()0f x '<,函数()f x 单调递减,当ln()2ax ->时,()0f x '>,函数()f x 单调递增.综上所述,当0a =时,()f x 在R 上单调递增,当0a >时,()f x 在(ln )a -∞,上单调递减,在(ln )a +∞,上单调递增, 当0a <时,()f x 在(,ln())2a-∞-上单调递减,在(ln())2a -+∞,上单调递增, (2)①当0a =时,2()0x f x e =>恒成立,②当0a >时,由(1)可得2()()ln 0min f x f lna a a ==-≥,ln 0a ∴≤,01a ∴≤<.③当0a <时,由(1)可得:223()(ln(-))ln(-)0242mina a af x f a ==-≥,3ln(-)24a ∴≤,3420e a ∴≤﹣<,综上所述a 的取值范围为34]21[,e -. 22.【答案】(1)(3,0)和(,2125)4225- (2)16a =-或8a =【解析】(1)当1a =-时,14,:1,x t L y t =-+⎧⎨=-⎩(t 为参数),L 消参后的方程为430x y +-=,数学试卷 第15页(共46页) 数学试卷 第16页(共46页)曲线C 消参后为221x y y +=,与直线联立方程221,430,x y y x y ⎧+=⎪⎨⎪+-=⎩解得3,0,x y =⎧⎨=⎩或21,2524.25x y ⎧=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩椭圆C 和直线L 的交点为(3,0)和(,2125)4225-.(2)L 的普通方程为440x y a +--=, 设曲线C 上任一点为()3cos ,sin P θθ,由点到直线的距离公式,d =,d=,max d =∴()max5sin 417aθϕ+--=,当()sin 1θϕ+=时最大,即5417a --=时,16a =-, 当()sin 1θϕ+=-时最大,即917a +=时,8a =, 综上:16a =-或8a =.23.【答案】(1)(1.(2)a 的取值范围是[]1,1-.【解析】(1)当1a =时,21()4a f x x x ==-++时,,是开口向下,对称轴为12x =的二次函数,2,1,()112|,1,|12,1,x x g x x x x x x ⎧⎪=++-=-⎨⎪--⎩>≤≤<当(1)x ∈+∞,时,令242x x x ++=-,解得x =,()g x 在(1)+∞,上单调递增,()f x 在(1)+∞,上单调递减,此时()()f xg x ≥的解集为(1;当,1[]1x ∈-时,()2g x =,()(1)2f x f ≥-=.当(1)x ∈-∞,-时,()g x 单调递减,()f x 单调递增,且(1)(1)2g f -=-=.综上所述,()()fx g x ≥的解集为(1; (2)依题意得:242x ax -++≥在[]1,1-恒成立,即220x ax -≤-在[]1,1-恒成立,则只需221120,(1)(1)20,a a ⎧--⎨----⎩g ≤≤解得11a -≤≤, 故a 的取值范围是[]1,1-.数学试卷 第17页(共46页) 数学试卷 第18页(共46页)绝密★启用前2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国卷2文科数学注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷和答题卡相应位置上。
最新课程标准考试数学试题(一)一、填空题(本大题共10道小题,每小题3分,共30分)1、数学是研究(空间形式和数量关系)的科学,是刻画自然规律和社会规律的科学语言和有效工具。
2、数学教育要使学生掌握数学的基本知识、(基本技能)、基本思想。
3、高中数学课程应具有多样性和(选择性),使不同的学生在数学上得到不同的发展。
4、高中数学课程应注重提高学生的数学(思维)能力。
5、高中数学选修2-2的内容包括:导数及其应用、(推理与证明)、数系的扩充与复数的引入。
6、高中数学课程要求把数学探究、(数学建模)的思想以不同的形式渗透在各个模块和专题内容之中。
7、选修课程系列1是为希望在(人文、社会科学)等方面发展的学生设置的,系列2是为希望在理工、经济等方面发展的学生设置的。
8、新课程标准的目标要求包括三个方面:知识与技能,过程与方法,(情感、态度、价值观)。
9、向量是近代数学中重要和基本的数学概念之一,它是沟通代数、几何与(三角函数)的一种工具。
10、数学探究即数学(探究性课题)学习,是指学生围绕某个数学问题,自主探究、学习的过程。
二、判断题(本大题共5道小题,每小题2分,共10分)1、高中数学课程每个模块1学分,每个专题2学分。
(错)改:高中数学课程每个模块2学分,每个专题1学分。
2、函数关系和相关关系都是确定性关系。
(错)改:函数关系是一种确定性关系,而相关关系是一种非确定性关系。
3、统计是研究如何合理收集、整理、分析数据的学科,它可以为人们制定决策提供依据。
(对)4、数学是人类文化的重要组成部分,为此,高中数学课程提倡体现数学的文化价值。
(对)5、教师应成为学生进行数学探究的领导者。
(错)改:教师应成为学生进行数学探究的组织者、指导者和合作者。
三、简答题(本大题共4道小题,每小题7分,共28分)1、高中数学课程的总目标是什么?使学生在九年制义务教育数学课程的基础上,进一步提高作为未来公民所必要的数学素养,以满足个人发展与社会进步的需要。
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通过我们的努力,能够为您解决问题,这是我们的宗旨,欢迎您下载使用!(3套全)2017年高考英语新课标卷I卷II卷III汇总大全附解析绝密★启用前2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(考试时间:120分钟试卷满分:150分)注意事项:1.答卷前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上.2.回答选择题时, 选出每小题答案后, 用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑. 如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号. 回答非选择题时, 将答案写在答题卡上, 写在本试卷上无效.3.考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.第一部分听力(共两节, 满分30分)做题时, 先将答案标在试卷上. 录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上.第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分)听下面5段对话. 每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项. 听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题. 每段对话仅读一遍.例:How much is the shirt?A. £ 19. 15.B. £ 9. 18.C. £ 9. 15.答案是C.1. What does the woman think of the movie?A. It’s amusing.B. It’s exciting.C. It’s disappointing.2. How will Susan spend most of her time in France?A. Traveling around.B. Studying at a school.C. Looking after her aunt.3. What are the speakers talking about?A. Going out.B. Ordering drinks.C. Preparing for a party.4. Where are the speakers?A. In a classroom.B. In a library.C. In a bookstore.5. What is the man going to do ?A. Go on the Internet.B. Make a phone call.C. Take a train trip.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白. 每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项. 听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟;听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间. 每段对话或独白读两遍.听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题.6. What is the woman looking for?A. An information office.B. A police station.C. A shoe repair shop.7. What is the Town Guide according to the man?A. A brochure.B. A newspaper.C. A map.听第7段材料, 回答第8、9题.8. What does the man say about the restaurant?A. It’s the biggest one around.B. It offers many tasty dishes.C. It’s famous for its seafood.9. What will the woman probably order?A. Fried fish.B. Roast chicken.C. Beef steak.听第8段材料, 回答第10至12题.10. Where will Mr. White be at 11 o’clock?A. At the office.B. At the airport.C. At the restaurant.11. What will Mr. White probably do at one in the afternoon?A. Receive a guest.B. Have a meeting.C. Read a report.12. When will Miss Wilson see Mr. White?A. At lunch time.B. Late in the afternoon.C. The next morning.听第9段材料, 回答第13至16题.13. Why is Bill going to Germany?A. To work on a project.B. To study German.C. To start a new company.14. What did the woman dislike about Germany?A. The weather.B. The food.C. The schools.15. What does Bill hope to do about his family?A. Bring them to Germany.B. Leave them in England.C. Visit them in a few months.16. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Fellow-travelers.B. Colleagues.C. Classmates.听第10段材料, 回答第17至20题.17. When did it rain last time in Juárez?A. Three days ago.B. A month ago.C. A year ago.18. What season is it in Juárez?A. Spring.B. Summer.C. Autumn.19. What are the elderly advised to do?A. Take a walk in the afternoon.B. Keep their homes cool.C. Drink plenty of water.20. What is the speaker doing?A. Hosting a radio program.B. Conducting a seminar.C. Forecasting the weather.1. C2. A3. C4. B5. A6. C7. A8. B9. C 10. B11. B 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. A 16. B 17. C 18. A 19. C 20.A第二部分阅读理解(共两节, 满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分, 满分30分)阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项.APacific Science Center Guide◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s StoreDon’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.◆Hungry?Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour Pacific Science Center closes.◆Rental InformationLockers are available to store any belongs during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.◆S upport Pacific Science CenterSince 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.21. Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?A. In Building 1.B. In Building 3.C. At the Laser Dome.D. At the Denny Way entrance.22. What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?A. Train science teachers.B. Distribute science books.C. Inspire scientific research.D. Take science to the classroom.23. What is the purpose of the last part of the text?A. To encourage donations.B. To advertise coming events.C. To introduce special exhibits.D. To tell about the Center’s history.BI work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches intothe basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.24. What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1?A. Efforts made in vain.B. Getting injured in his work.C. Feeling uncertain about his future.D. Creatures forced out of their homes.25. Why was the author called to Muttontown?A. To rescue a woman.B. To take care of a woman.C. To look at a baby owl.D. To cure a young owl.26.What made the chick calm down?A. A new nest.B. Some food.C. A recording.D.Its parents.27.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?A. It’s unexpected.B. It’s beautiful.C. It’s humorous.D. It’s discouraging.CSome of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,” Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,” says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party,“just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,”says Moran. “For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”28. Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?A. To remember the birth of jazz.B. To protect cultural diversity.C. To encourage people to study music.D. To recognize the value of jazz.29. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Jazz becoming more accessible.B. The production of jazz growing faster.C. Jazz being less popular with the young.D. The jazz audience becoming larger.30. What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?A. It will disappear gradually.B. It remains black and white.C. It should keep up with the times.D. It changes every 50 years.31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Exploring the Future of JazzB. The Rise and Fall of JazzC. The Story of a Jazz MusicianD. Celebrating the Jazz DayDA build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器)is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5' 5'sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container — perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.32. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A. It’s delicate.B. It’s expen sive.C. It’s complex. .D. It’s portable.33. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. The tube.B. The still.C. The hole.D. The cup.34. Wh at’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?A. Dig a hole of a certain size.B. Put the cup in place.C. Weight the sheet’s center down.D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.35. When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from .A. the plastic tubeB. outside the holeC. the open airD. beneath the sheet第二节(共5小题;每小题2分, 满分10分)根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项. 选项中有两项为多余选项.If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me.36The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 37 We sleep in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 38 Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.39 We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.40 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. Irecommend that you find your way in style.A. This time there was no tent.B. Things are going to be improved.C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.第三部分语言知识运用(共两节, 满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分, 满分30分)阅读下面的短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my 42 at college for the better: I discovered ASL-American Sign Language(美式手语).I never felt an urge to 43 any sign language before. My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends. The 44 language were enough in all my interactions(交往). Little did I know that I would discover my 45 for ASL.The 46 began during my first week at college. I watched as the ASL Club 47 their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very 48 of communicating without speaking 49 me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50 .This newness just left me 51 more.After that, feeling the need to 52 further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club`s meetings. I only learned how to 53 the alphabet that day. Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54 progress, I was excited. I then made it a point to 55 those meetings and learn all I could.The following term, I 56 an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was 57 . I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. 58 , if there had been any talking, it would have59 us to learn less. Now, I appreciate the silence and the 60 way of communication it opens.41. A. searching B. planning C. natural D. formal42. A. progress B. experience C. major D. opinion43. A. choose B. read C. learn D. create44. A. official B. foreign C. body D. spoken45. A. love B. concern C. goal D. request46. A. meeting B. trip C. story D. task47. A. recorded B. performed C. recited D. discussed48. A. idea B. amount C. dream D. reason49. A. disturbed B. supported C. embarrassed D. attracted50. A. end B. past C. course D. distance51. A. showing B. acting C. saying D. wanting52. A. exercise B. explore C. express D. explain53. A. print B. write C. sign D. count54. A. slow B. steady C. normal D. obvious55. A. chair B. sponsor C. attend D. organize56. A. missed B. passed C. gave up D. registered for57. A. prohibited B. welcomed C. ignored D. repeated58. A. Lastly B. Thus C. Instead D. However59. A. required B. caused C. allowed D. expected60. A. easy B. popular C. quick D. new44. D 考查形容词辨析. official官方的;foreign外国的;body肢体的;spoken口语的. 根据前文My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends.可知作者的家人及朋友都可以听得到, 因此作者认为在平时的交流中, 口语就足够了. spoken language口语. 故选D.45. A考查名词辨析. love热爱;concern关心, 顾虑;goal目标;request请求. 句意:我没想过我会发现自己对美式手语的热爱. 前文中I never felt an urge to 43 any sign language before表明作者以前从未想过学习手语, 而根据后文内容可知作者非常喜欢手语. 故选A.46. C 考查名词辨析. meeting会议;trip旅行;story故事;task任务. 句意:故事发生在我上大学的第一周分析语境可知在这里作者开始讲述在大学学习手语的事情, 故选C.47. B 考查动词辨析. record记录;perform表现, 表演;recite背诵;discuss讨论. 句意:我观看他们在ASL俱乐部表演一首歌的翻译. 分析语境可知ASL 俱乐部是手语俱乐部, 应该是在用手语表演一首歌. 故51. D 考查动词辨析. show展示;act行动;say说;want想要. 句意:这种新奇的感觉使我想了解更多. 分析语境可知作者被手语吸引, 想要进一步了解, 所以也有了后文中的参加手语俱乐部的会议, 上手语课的经历. 故选D.52. B考查动词辨析. exercise锻炼;explore探索;express表达;explain解释. 句意:在那之后, 我感觉到想要探索更多关于手语的东西, 我参加了ASL 俱乐部的一次会议. 故选B. 53. C 考查动词辨析. print打印;write写;sign签名, 打手势;count数. 句意:那天我只学会了写字母表. 分析语境可知作者第一次参加手语俱乐部的会议, 学会的应该是最基本的写字母表. 当然, 打印字母表、在字母表上签名、数字母表和学习手语都没有联系. 故选C. 54. A考查形容词辨析. slow缓慢的;steady平稳的;normal正常的;obvious明显的. 句意:我并没有因为缓慢的进步而沮丧, 相反我很兴奋. 因为作者只学会了写字母表, 所以进步是很慢的. 故选A.55. C 考查动词辨析. chair主持, 使……入座;sponsor赞助;attend参加;organize组织. 句意:我下定决心参加俱乐部所有的会议去学习我能学习的一切. attend meeting参加会议. 故选C.56. D 考查动词辨析. miss错过, 想念;pass通过;give up放弃;register for报名注册. 句意:接下来的一个学期, 我报名上了一个手语班. 故选D.57. A 考查动词辨析. prohibit禁止;welcome欢迎;ignore忽视;repeat重复. 句意:教授的耳朵听不见, 任何口语交流都是禁止的. 根据后文if there had been any talking可知在课堂上没有口语交流. 故选A.58. C 考查副词辨析. lastly最后, 终于;thus因此, 如此;instead反而;however然而. 句意:反而, 如果当时有口语交流, 学科*网那只会造成我们学的手语更少. 根据前文I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.可知作者很快意识到安静并不是令人不愉快的. 反而有口语交流会影响手语的学习. 故选C.59. B 考查动词辨析. require要求;cause造成;allow允许;expect期待. 句意:如果当时有口语交流, 那只会造成我们学的手语更少. 故选B.60. D 考查形容词辨析. easy简单的;popular受欢迎的;quick快速的;new新的. 句意:现在我很感激当时的安静并且享受它带来的一种新的交流方式. 分析语境可知手语对于作者来说是一种新的交流方式, 故选D.第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分, 满分15分)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.第四部分写作(共两节, 满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题l分, 满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文. 文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处. 每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改.增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词.删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉.修改:在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词. 注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分.In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank, I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road. 【答案】In the summer holiday following myeighteeneighteenthbirthday, I took driving lessons. I stillremember how hardthe/myfirst day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learnedthe instructor’s orders,but so/yet once I started the car, my mind goes wentblank. I forgot whathe had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the w wordords, “Speed up!” “Slowdown!” “TurningTurnleft!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction wasleft. A few minuteslatelater, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly sudden stop just in the middle onofthe road.第四处:goes改为went 考查时态. 根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时, 故将goes 改为went.第五处:word改为words 考查单复数. 句意:教练一直喊“加速!”“减速!”“左转!”. word “单词, 消息”, words 可以表示为word的复数, 也表示某人说的话, 这里指教练说的那些话, 故将word改为words.第六处:Turning改为Turn 考查非谓语动词. 分析语境可知教练的话“加速”, “减速”, “左转”都是祈使句, 根据前文“Speed up!” “Slow down!”也可以看得出来. 祈使句应该用动词原形, 故将Turning改为Turn.第七处:much去掉考查固定句型. 句意:学&科网我如此紧张以至于无法分辨哪个方向是左. 固定句型so...that表示“如此……以至于……”, much为多余成分, 故将much去掉. 第八处:late改为later 考查副词. late在此作副词, late“迟地”, later“稍后、随后”. 此处表示“几分钟之后”, 故将late改为later.第九处:suddenly改为sudden 考查形容词. 句意:我来了个紧急刹车. suddenly是副词, 表示“意外地, 忽然地”. sudden为形容词, 表示“突然的;迅速的”, 修饰名词stop用形容词, 故将suddenly改为sudden. a sudden stop表示“急刹车”.第十处:on改为of 考查介词. 分析语境可知此处表示“在路中间急刹车”, on the road表示“在路上”, the middle of the road表示“路的中央”, 强调的是“the middle”. 故将on 改为of.第二节书面表达(满分25分)假定你是李华, 正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语. 请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划. 内容包括:(1)时间和地点;(2)内容:学习唐诗;(3)课前准备:简要了解唐朝的历史.注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯.(略)2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试卷II(正式版解析)第二部分阅读理解(共两节, 满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分, 满分30分)阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳答案.AIn the coming months, we are bringing together artists form all over the globe, to enjoy speaking shakespeare’s plays in their own language, in our globe, within the architecture shakespeare wrote for.please come and join us.National Theatre Of China Beijing|ChineseThis great occasion(盛会) will be the national theatre of china’s first visit to the uk. The company’s productions show the new face of 21st century chinese theatre. This production of Shakespeare’s Richar d III will be directed by the National’s Associate Director,Wang Xiaoying. Date&Time:Saturday 28 April,2.30pm&Sunday 29 April,1.30pm&6.30pmMarjanishvili Theatre Tbilisi l GeorgianOne of the most famous theatres in Georgia,the Marjanishvili,founded in 1928,appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world. This new production of As You Like It is helmed (指导)by the company’s Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze.Date & Time :Friday 18May,2.30pm&Sunday 19May,7.30pmDeafinitely Theater London l British Sign Language (BSL)By translating the rich and humourous taxt of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language ofBSL,Deafinitely Thertre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.Date&Time:Tueaday 22 May,2.30pm&Wednesday 23 May,7.30pmHabima National Theatre Tel Aviv l HebrewThe Habima is the centre of Hebrew-languege theatre worldwide,Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution,the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s,Since 1958,they have been recognized as the national theatre of Israel.This production of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK.Date Date&Time:Monday 28May,7.30&Tuesday 29 May,7.30pm21.which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China?A.Richard Ⅲ.B.Lover’s Labour’s LostC.As You Like ItD.The merchant of Venice22.What is special about Deafinnitely Theatre?A.Tt has two groups of actorsB.It is the leading theatre in LondonC.It performs plays in BSLD.It is good at prducting comedies23.When can you see a play in Hebrew?A.Onsuturday 28Apil.B.On Sunday 29 AprilC.On Tuesday 22 May.D. On Tuesday 29 May21--23 AADBI first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and theSundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film— it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core (核心)of our relationship off the screen. We shared the brief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back—he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, zxx.k but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was,and we didn’t talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.24.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first?A.Paul Newman wanted it.B.The studio powers didn’t like his agent.C.He wasn’t famous enough.D.The director recommended someone else.25.Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?A.They were of the same dge.B.They worked in the same theater.C.They were both good actors.D.They han similar charactertics.26.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Their belief.B.Their care for chileden.C.Their success.D.Their support for each other.27.What is the author’s purpose in writing the test?A.To show his love of films.B.To remember a friend.C.To introduce a new movie.D.To share his acting experience.24--27 CDAB21.细节理解题. 根据“When the studio didn’t want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul”制片人不想要我, 他想要学科&网当时比较出名的演员Paul,因此, 可知作者当时还不是很有名. 故选C.CTerrafugia Inc .said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight,bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year.The wehicle-named the Transition –has two seats wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car.The Transition,which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per。
2017年高考新课标Ⅰ卷理综生物试题答案一、选择题:每小题6分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.细胞间信息交流的方式有多种。
在哺乳动物卵巢细胞分泌的雌激素作用于乳腺细胞的过程中,以及精子进入卵细胞的过程中,细胞间信息交流的实现分别依赖于A.血液运输,突触传递B.淋巴运输,突触传递C.淋巴运输,胞间连丝传递D.血液运输,细胞间直接接触2.下列关于细胞结构与成分的叙述,错误的是A.细胞膜的完整性可用台盼蓝染色法进行检测B.检测氨基酸的含量可用双缩脲试剂进行显色C.若要观察处于细胞分裂中期的染色体可用醋酸洋红液染色D.斐林试剂是含有Cu2+的碱性溶液,可被葡萄糖还原成砖红色3.通常,叶片中叶绿素含量下降可作为其衰老的检测指标。
为研究激素对叶片衰老的影响,将某植物离体叶片分组,并分别置于蒸馏水、细胞分裂素(CTK)、脱落酸(ABA)、CTK+ABA溶液中,再将各组置于光下。
一段时间内叶片中叶绿素含量变化趋势如图所A.细胞分裂素能延缓该植物离体叶片的衰老B.本实验中CTK对该植物离体叶片的作用可被ABA削弱C.可推测ABA组叶绿体中NADPH合成速率大于CTK组 D.可推测施用ABA能加速秋天银杏树的叶由绿变黄的过程4.某同学将一定量的某种动物的提取液(A)注射到实验小鼠体内,注射后若干天,未见小鼠出现明显的异常表现。
将小鼠分成两组,一组注射少量的A,小鼠很快发生了呼吸困难等症状;另一组注射生理盐水,未见小鼠有异常表现。
对实验小鼠在第二次注射A后的表现,下列解释合理的是A.提取液中含有胰岛素,导致小鼠血糖浓度降低B.提取液中含有乙酰胆碱,使小鼠骨骼肌活动减弱C.提取液中含有过敏原,引起小鼠发生了过敏反应D.提取液中含有呼吸抑制剂,可快速作用于小鼠呼吸系统5.假设某草原上散养的某种家畜种群呈S型增长,该种群的增长率随种群数量的变化趋势如图所示。
若要持续尽可能多地收获该种家禽,则应在种群数量合适时开始捕获,下列四个种群数量中合适的是A.甲点对应的种群数量B.乙点对应的种群数量C.丙点对应的种群数量D.丁点对应的种群数量6.果蝇的红眼基因(R)对白眼基因(r)为显性,位于X染色体上;长翅基因(B)对残翅基因(b)为显性,位于常染色体上。
[2007•海南宁夏理.20] 如图,面积为S 的正方形ABCD 中有一个不规则的图形M ,可按下面方法估计M 的面积:在正方形ABCD 中随机投掷n 个点,若n 个点中有m 个点落入M 中,则M 的面积的估计值为mS n. 假设正方形ABCD 的边长为2,M 的面积为1,并向正方形ABCD 中随机投掷10000个点,以X 表示落入M 中的点的数目. (Ⅰ)求X 的均值EX ; (Ⅱ)求用以上方法估计M 的面积时,M 的面积的估计值与实际值之差在区间(0.03)-0.03,内的概率.附表:1000010000()0.250.75ktt t t P k C-==⨯⨯∑[2008•海南宁夏理.19],A B 两个投资项目的利润率分别为随机变量1X 和2X .根据市场分析,1X 和2X 的分布列分别为(Ⅰ)在,A B 两个项目上各投资100万元,1Y 和2Y 分别表示投资项目A 和B 所获得的利润,求方差DY 2,DY ; (Ⅱ)将(0100)x x ≤≤万元投资A 项目,100x -万元投资B 项目,()f x 表示投资A 项目所得利润的方差与投资B 项目所得利润的方差的和.求()f x 的最小值,并指出x 为何值时,()f x 取到最小值.(注:2()D aX b a DX +=)D C B[2009•海南宁夏理18.]某工厂有工人1000名,其中250名工人参加过短期培训(称为A类工人),另外750名工人参加过长期培训(称为B类工人),现用分层抽样方法(按A类、B类分二层)从该工厂的工人中共抽查100名工人,调查他们的生产能力(此处生产能力指一天加工的零件数).(I)求甲、乙两工人都被抽到的概率,其中甲为A类工人,乙为B类工人;(II)从A类工人中的抽查结果和从B类工人中的抽插结果分别如下表1和表2.表1:表2:(i)先确定B 类工人中个体间的差异程度哪个更小?(不用计算,可通过观察直方图直接回答结论)(ii)分别估计A类工人和B类工人生产能力的平均数,并估计该工厂工人的生产能力的平均数,同一组中的数据用该组区间的中点值作代表[2010•海南宁夏理.19] 为调查某地区老年人是否需要志愿者提供帮助,用简单随机抽样方法从该地区调查了500位老年人,结果如下:(1)估计该地区老年人中,需要志愿者提供帮助的老年人的比例;(2)能否有99%的把握认为该地区的老年人是否需要志愿者提供帮助与性别有关?(3)根据(2)的结论,能否提出更好的调查方法来估计该地区的老年人中,需要志愿者提供帮助的老年人的比例?说明理由.附:22()()()()()n ad bc K a b c d a c b d -=++++[2011•新课标理.19] 某种产品的质量以其质量指标值衡量,质量指标值越大表明质量越好,且质量指标值大于或等于102的产品为优质品.现用两种新配方(分别称为A 配方和B 配方)做试验,各生产了100件这种产品,并测量了每件产品的质量指标值,得到下面试验结果:(Ⅰ)分别估计用A 配方,B 配方生产的产品的优质品率;(Ⅱ)已知用B 配方生产的一件产品的利润y (单位:元)与其质量指标值t 的关系式为2,942,941024,102t y t t -<⎧⎪=≤<⎨⎪≥⎩.从用B 配方生产的产品中任取一件,其利润记为X (单位:元),求X 的分布列及数学期望. (以试验结果中质量指标值落入各组的频率作为一件产品的质量指标值落入相应组的概率)[2012•新课标理.18] 某花店每天以每枝5元的价格从农场购进若干枝玫瑰花,然后以每枝10元的价格出售,如果当天卖不完,剩下的玫瑰花作垃圾处理.(1)若花店一天购进16枝玫瑰花,求当天的利润y (单位:元)关于当天需求量n (单位:枝,n N ∈)的函数解析式.(2)花店记录了100天玫瑰花的日需求量(单位:枝),整理得下表:日需求量n 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 频数 10 20 16 16 1513 10以100天记录的各需求量的频率作为各需求量发生的概率.(i )若花店一天购进16枝玫瑰花,X 表示当天的利润(单位:元),求X 的分布列,数学期望及方差; (ii )若花店计划一天购进16枝或17枝玫瑰花,你认为应购进16枝还是17枝?请说明理由.[2013•新课标Ⅰ理.19] 一批产品需要进行质量检验,检验方案是:先从这批产品中任取4件作检验,这4件产品中优质品的件数记为n .如果3n =,再从这批产品中任取4件作检验,若都为优质品,则这批产品通过检验;如果4n =,再从这批产品中任取1件作检验,若为优质品,则这批产品通过检验;其他情况下,这批产品都不能通过检验. 假设这批产品的优质品率为50%,即取出的产品是优质品的概率都为,且各件产品是否为优质品相互独立 (1)求这批产品通过检验的概率;(2)已知每件产品检验费用为100元,凡抽取的每件产品都需要检验,对这批产品作质量检验所需的费用记为X (单位:元),求X 的分布列及数学期望.[2013•新课标II 理.19] 经销商经销某种农产品,在一个销售季度内,每售出1t 该产品获利润500元,未售出的产品,每1t 亏损300元.根据历史资料,得到销售季度内市场需求量的频率分布直方图,如右图所示.经销商为下一个销售季度购进了130t 该农产品.以x (单位:t ,100150x ≤≤)表示下一个销售季度内经销该农产品的数量,T 表示利润.(Ⅰ)将T 表示为x 的函数(Ⅱ)根据直方图估计利润T 不少于57000元的概率;(Ⅲ)在直方图的需求量分组中,以各组的区间中点值代表该组的各个值需求量落入该区间的频率作为需求量取该区间中点值的概率(例如:若[100,110)x ∈,则取105x =,且105x =的概率等于需求量落入[100,110),求T 的数学期望.[2014•新课标Ⅰ理.18] 从某企业生产的某种产品中抽取500件,测量这些产品的一项质量指标值,由测量结果得如下图频率分布直方图:(I )求这500件产品质量指标值的样本平均值x 和样本方差2s (同一组的数据用该组区间的中点值作代表); (II )由直方图可以认为,这种产品的质量指标Z 服从正态分布()2,N μσ,其中μ近似为样本平均数x ,2σ近似为样本方差2s .(i )利用该正态分布,求()187.8212.2P Z <<;(ii )某用户从该企业购买了100件这种产品,记X 表示这100件产品中质量指标值位于区间()187.8,212.2的产品件数.利用(i )的结果,求EX .12.2≈ 若()2~,Z Nμσ则()0.6826P Z μσμσ-<<+=,()220.9544P Z μσμσ-<<+=.[2014•新课标(1)求y 关于t 的线性回归方程;(2)利用(1)中的回归方程,分析2007年至2013年该地区农村居民家庭人均纯收入的变化情况,并预测该地区2015年农村居民家庭人均纯收入.附:回归直线的斜率和截距的最小二乘法估计公式分别为:()()()121niii ni i t t y y b t t ∧==--=-∑∑,ˆˆay bt =-[2015•新课标Ⅰ理.19] 某公司为确定下一年度投入某种产品的宣传费,需了解年宣传费x (单位:千元)对年销售量y (单位:t )和年利润z (单位:千元)的影响,对近8年的年宣传费i x 和年销售量i y (i =1,2,···,8)数据作了初步处理,得到下面的散点图及一些统计量的值.表中i i x w =,∑==ni iw w 181;(1)根据散点图判断,bx a y +=与x d c y +=哪一个适宜作为年销售量y 关于年宣传费x 的回归方程类型?(给出判断即可,不必说明理由)(2)根据(1)的判断结果及表中数据,建立y 关于x 的回归方程;(3)已知这种产品的年利率z 与x 、y 的关系为x y z -=2.0.根据(2)的结果回答下列问题: (I )年宣传费x =49时,年销售量及年利润的预报值是多少? (II )年宣传费x 为何值时,年利率的预报值最大? 附:对于一组数据1122(,),(,)(,)n n u v u v u v ,其回归线v u αβ=+的斜率和截距的最小二乘估计分别为:121()()ˆˆˆ,()niii nii u u v v v u u u βαβ==--==--∑∑年宣传费(千元)年销售量[2015•新课标II 理.18] 某公司为了解用户对其产品的满意度,从A ,B 两地区分别随机调查了20个用户,得到用户对产品的满意度评分如下:A 地区:62 73 81 92 95 85 74 64 53 76 78 86 95 66 97 78 88 82 76 89B 地区:73 83 62 51 91 46 53 73 64 82 93 48 65 81 74 56 54 76 65 79(Ⅰ)根据两组数据完成两地区用户满意度评分的茎叶图,并通过茎叶图比较两地区满意度评分的平均值及分散程度(不要求计算出具体值,得出结论即可);(Ⅱ)根据用户满意度评分,将用户的满意度从低到高分为三个等级:记时间C :“A 地区用户的满意度等级高于B 地区用户的满意度等级”.假设两地区用户的评价结果相互独立.根据所给数据,以事件发生的频率作为相应事件发生的概率,求C 的概率.A 地区B 地区4 5 6 7 8 9[2016新课标Ⅰ理.19] 某公司计划购买2台机器,该种机器使用三年后即被淘汰.机器有一易损零件,在购进机器时,可以额外购买这种零件作为备件,每个200元.在机器使用期间,如果备件不足再购买,则每个500元.现需决策在购买机器时应同时购买几个易损零件,为此搜集并整理了100台这种机器在三年使用期内更换的易损零件数,得下面柱状图:以这100台机器更换的易损零件数的频率代替1台机器更换的易损零件数发生的概率,记X 表示2台机器三年内共需更换的易损零件数,n 表示购买2台机器的同时购买的易损零件数. (I )求X 的分布列;(II )若要求()0.5P X n ≤≥,确定n 的最小值;(III )以购买易损零件所需费用的期望值为决策依据,在19n =与20n =之中选其一,应选用哪个?[2016新课标Ⅱ理.18] 某险种的基本保费为a (单位:元),继续购买该险种的投保人称为续保人,续保人的本年度的保费与其上年度的出险次数的关联如下:设该险种一续保人一年内出险次数与相应概率如下:(Ⅰ)求一续保人本年度的保费高于基本保费的概率;(Ⅱ)若一续保人本年度的保费高于基本保费,求其保费比基本保费高出60%的概率; (Ⅲ)求续保人本年度的平均保费与基本保费的比值.[2016新课标Ⅲ理.18] 下图是我国2008年至2014年生活垃圾无害化处理量(单位:亿吨)的折线图(I )由折线图看出,可用线性回归模型拟合y 与t 的关系,请用相关系数加以说明;(II )建立y 关于t 的回归方程(系数精确到0.01),预测2016年我国生活垃圾无害化处理量. 附注: 参考数据:719.32ii y==∑,7140.17i i i t y ==∑0.55=,7≈2.646.参考公式:相关系数()()niit t y y r --=∑ 回归方程y a b =+ 中斜率和截距的最小二乘估计公式分别为:121()()()nii i nii tt y y b tt ==--=-∑∑,a y bt =-.[2017新课标Ⅰ理.18.]某超市计划按月订购一种酸奶,每天进货量相同,进货成本每瓶4元,售价每瓶6元,未售出的酸奶降价处理,以每瓶2元的价格当天全部处理完.根据往年销售经验,每天需求量与当天最高气温(单位:℃)有关.如果最高气温不低于25,需求量为500瓶;如果最高气温位于区间[20,25),需求量为300瓶;如果最高气温低于20,需求量为200瓶.为了确定六月份的订购计划,统计了前三年六月份各天的最高气温数据,得下面的频数分布表:以最高气温位于各区间的频率代替最高气温位于该区间的概率.(1)求六月份这种酸奶一天的需求量X(单位:瓶)的分布列;(2)设六月份一天销售这种酸奶的利润为Y(单位:元).当六月份这种酸奶一天的进货量n(单位:瓶)为多少时,Y的数学期望达到最大值?[2017新课标Ⅱ理.18]海水养殖场进行某水产品的新、旧网箱养殖方法的产量对比,收获时各随机抽取了100 个网箱,测量各箱水产品的产量(单位:kg).其频率分布直方图如下:(1)设两种养殖方法的箱产量相互独立,记A表示事件:“旧养殖法的箱产量低于50kg,新养殖法的箱产量不低于50kg”,估计A的概率;(2)填写下面列联表,并根据列联表判断是否有99%的把握认为箱产量与养殖方法有关:(3)根据箱产量的频率分布直方图,求新养殖法箱产量的中位数的估计值(精确到0.01).附:,22()()()()()n ad bcKa b c d a c b d-=++++[2017新课标Ⅲ理.18]某超市计划按月订购一种酸奶,每天进货量相同,进货成本每瓶4元,售价每瓶6元,未售出的酸奶降价处理,以每瓶2元的价格当天全部处理完.根据往年销售经验,每天需求量与当天最高气温(单位:℃)有关.如果最高气温不低于25,需求量为500瓶;如果最高气温位于区间[20,25),需求量为300瓶;如果最高气温低于20,需求量为200瓶.为了确定六月份的订购计划,统计了前三年六月份各天的最高气温数据,得下面的频数分布表:以最高气温位于各区间的频率代替最高气温位于该区间的概率.(1)求六月份这种酸奶一天的需求量X(单位:瓶)的分布列;(2)设六月份一天销售这种酸奶的利润为Y(单位:元).当六月份这种酸奶一天的进货量n(单位:瓶)为多少时,Y的数学期望达到最大值?。
课 题 近十年高考理科综合物理部分(新课标卷1)2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标卷)二、选择题:本题共8小题,每小题6分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,有的只有一个选项正确,有的有多个选项正确,全部选对的得6分,选对但不全的得3分,有选错的得0分。
14.(2007全国新课标卷)天文学家发现了某恒星有一颗行星在圆形轨道上绕其运动,并测出了行星的轨道半径和运行周期。
由此可推算出( )A.行星的质量B.行星的半径C.恒星的质量D.恒星的半径答案:C解析:根据题意,已知行星绕恒星运动的轨道半径r 和周期T ,则恒星对行星的万有引力提供行星运动的向心力。
由2224T mr r Mm G π=得,2324GT r M π=,因此C 正确。
15.(2007全国新课标卷)下列说法正确的是( )A.行星的运动和地球上物体的运动遵循不同的运动规律B.物体在转弯时一定受到力的作用C.月球绕地球运动时受到地球的引力和向心力的作用D.物体在光滑斜面下滑时受到重力、斜面的支持力和下滑力的作用答案:B解析:行星的运动和地球上物体的运动都属于经典力学范畴,应该遵循相同的规律,A 错。
物体在转弯时的运动是曲线运动,即变速运动,因此有加速度,合外力不能为零,B 正确。
月球绕地球运动时受到地球的引力提供了向心力,而不是同时受这两个力的作用,C 错。
物体在光滑斜面下滑时只受重力和斜面的支持力,“下滑力”只是对重力沿斜面的分力的说法,D 错。
16.(2007全国新课标卷)甲乙两辆汽车在平直的公路上沿同一方向作直线运动,t =0时刻同时经过公路旁的同一个路标。
在描述两车运动的v-t 图中(如图),直线a 、b 分别描述了甲乙两车在0-20秒的运动情况。
关于两车之间的位置关系,下列说法正确的是( )A.在0-10秒内两车逐渐靠近B.在10-20秒内两车逐渐原离C.在5-15秒内两车的两车的位移相等D.在t =10秒时两车在公路上相遇答案:C解析:由图象可知,甲乙两辆汽车在5-15秒内的位移大小分别等于相应时间内的矩形面积和梯形面积,而根据几何关系,这两部分面积相等,故C 正确。