一、高中英语任务型阅读
1．Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Self-Care Strategies for College Students
Most college students don't put self-care at the top of their to do lists. When you're caught up in the whirlwind (旋风) of classes, extra-curricular, work, friendship, and final exams, it's easy to ignore a task that doesn't come with a deadline (even if that task is simply “taking care of yourself”). Embrace the excitement and intensity of college life, but remember that maintaining your physical, mental, and emotional health is essential to your success and well-being. ________ Instead, take time out to take care of yourself with some of these self-care strategies.
Get Away for Some Alone Time. If you live with roommates, privacy can be hard to come by, so make it your mission to find a peaceful place on campus to call your own. ________ Take a Mindful Walk Around Campus. When you're strolling to class, try this mindfulness exercise to center yourself and destress. ________ Feel free to people-watch, but pay attention to sensory details too, like the smell of a nearby barbecue or the sensation of pavement under your shoes. Take note of at least five beautiful or intriguing things you notice along your route. You might find yourself feeling a little calmer by the time you reach your destination.
Stage a Sleep Intervention. How much sleep do you really get each night? ________ By doing that, you'll begin the process of repaying your sleep debt and establishing healthy new sleep habits. Don't buy into the myth that the less you're sleeping, the harder you're working. Your mind and body need consistent sleep to operate at optimum levels – you simply can't do your best work without it.
Download a New Podcast. Take a break from the books, grab your headphones, and listen to some immersive mysteries, compelling interviews, or laugh-out-loud comedy. There are thousands of podcasts covering almost every subject imaginable, so you're sure to find something that interests you.
A. As you walk, pay close attention to your surroundings.
B. Make a plan to get off campus and explore your surroundings.
C. If you're averaging seven hours or less, commit to sleeping at least eight hours tonight.
D. If you're feeling stressed or overwhelmed, don't punish yourself by pushing your mind and body to their limits.
E. A comfortable corner in the library and even an empty classroom are perfect places to relax and recharge.
F. Actually, it is possible to shorten sleep time by up to 1 hour without the risk of sleep deprivation (剥夺) if you know how to have high quality sleep.
【答案】 D；E；A；C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大学生的自我保健策略。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“ Instead, take time out to take care of yourself with some of these self-care strategies. ”“相反，花点时间用这些自我照顾策略来照顾自己。”承接下文，D. If you're feeling stressed or overwhelmed, don't punish yourself by pushing your mind and body to their l imits.“如果你感到有压力或不堪重负，不要把自己的身心推向极限来惩罚自己。”符合语境。下文中的Instead表示前后是一种转折关系，故选D。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ If you live with roommates, privacy can be hard to come by, so make it your mission to find a peaceful place on campus to call your own. ”如果你和室友住在一起，你可能很难获得隐私，所以你的任务就是在校园里找一个安静的属于你自己的地方，承接上文，E. A comfortable corner in the library and even an empty classroom are perfect places to relax and recharge.“图书馆舒适的角落，甚至空教室都是放松和充电的好地方。”符合语境，故选E。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ When you're strolling to class, try this mindfulness exercise to center yourself and destress. ”当你漫步去上课的时候，试着做这个专注的练习来集中注意力，减压；再根据空后“ Feel free to people-watch, but pay attention to sensory details too, like the smell of a nearby barbecue or the sensation of pavement under your shoes. ”可以随意观察别人，但也要注意一些感官细节，比如附近烤肉的味道或你脚下人行道的感觉。”承接上下文，A.As you walk, pay close attention to your surroundings.“当你走路时，密切注意你周围的环境。”符合语境，故选A。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“ By doing that, you'll begin the process of repaying your sleep debt and establishing healthy new sleep habits. ”通过这样做，你将开始偿还你的睡眠债务和建立健康的新睡眠习惯的过程。承接下文，C.If you're averaging seven hours or less, commit to sleeping at least eight hours tonight.“如果你的平均睡眠时间是7个小时或更少，那就保证今晚至少睡8个小时。”符合语境，故选C。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
2．阅读下面材料，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
The autumn wind woke me up from my dream. I took a deep breath and looked around. Suddenly I saw two people approaching me. As there was no one else in the park, they caught my attention immediately.
The two people were getting closer and I heard them laughing. At first, this laugh made me annoyed as if they had broken my unity with this park and disturbed my thoughts. But all of a sudden, I noticed the age of them — they were old. I could not clearly identify their age, but the woman looked as old as my grandmother. She had grey hair, blue eyes, and a smile on her face.
And all the time she was looking at HIM...
"Jim, I think we should change the park. It's the same every Saturday. You know..." "Sus! Hug me."— that was all he said. He looked at her, smiled and gave her a hug.
At this very moment, I saw an old but strong man who knew his wife, and no matter how often she could be complaining, he loved her! I imagined the many things they might go through together — so many hardships that might make them cry, all the problems that they might be experiencing right now and the probability that one of them would outlive the other. And the one that outlives will think the life they spent together was the most beautiful period of their life.
They left, and I was sitting on my bench, shocked, and I had a special feeling in my heart. This feeling was hope! The old couple with all the complaints and tons of mistakes behind their backs made me realize that it was happiness that mattered in life. Eventually, all people would get old and die, and what made a difference was the person you had dedicated your life to. I made a wish — waking up one day, being old and feeling proud of being together with the person I loved to overcome all the obstacles ( 障碍) and fight for happiness.
（1）Why did the author become angry at the old couple's laugh? (no more than 15 words) （2）Why did the old couple look at each other all the time? (no more than 10 words)
（3）What was the author doing at that moment in Paragraph 4? (no more than 20 words) （4）What does the underlined word "dedicated" mean in the last paragraph? (1 word)
（5）How do you like the old couple? What can you learn from the passage? Please express it in your own words. (no more than 20 words)
【答案】（1）Because it had broken his unity with the park and disturbed his thoughts.
（2）Because they loved each other deeply.
（3）The author was wondering what made the old couple love each other so much/The author was imagining what the old couple might have gone through in life and made them love each other deeply.
（4）Devoted/ Give entirely.
（5）I think they are admirable/ encouraging/ a good example for us!We should cherish people who love us and fight for happiness with them together.
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者通过记叙公园的一对彼此深爱的老夫妻而引发了自己对于追求幸福，克服所有障碍和自己爱的人在一起的感悟。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“At first, this laugh made me annoyed as if they had broken my unity with this park and disturbed my thoughts.”可知作者对那对老夫妇的笑声感到生气，因为它们破坏了作者与这个公园的统一，扰乱了他的思绪。故填Because it had broken his unity with the park and disturbed his thoughts.。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“At this very moment, I saw an old but strong man who knew his wife, and no matter how often she could be complaining, he loved her!”可知这对老夫妇总是互相看着对方是因为他们很爱彼此。故填Because they loved each other deeply.。（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“I imagined the many things they might go through together — so many hardships that might make them cry, all the problems that they might be experiencing right now and the probability that one of them would outlive the other.”可知作者
想象着他们可能一起经历的许多事情——那么多的困难可能会让他们哭泣，他们现在可能正在经历的所有问题，以及他们其中一个活得比另一个更长的可能性。即作者是在思考是什么使这对老夫妇如此相爱。故填The author was wondering what made the old couple love each other so much.或The author was imagining what the old couple might have gone through in life and made them love each other deeply.
（4）考查词义猜测。根据上文“Eventually, all people would get old and die, and what made a difference was the person you had”可知最终，所有的人都会变老并死去，而真正起作用的是和你相伴一生的人，你为之奉献一生的人。故可推测划线部分单词意思为"奉献"。故填Devoted/ Give entirely.。
（5）本题为开放性题目，言之有理即可。故填I think they are admirable/ encouraging/ a good example for us!（我认为他们是值得钦佩的/鼓舞的/为我们树立了一个好榜样!）或We should cherish people who love us and fight for happiness with them together.（我们应该珍惜爱我们的人，和他们一起为幸福而奋斗。）
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和开放性题目题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的词汇知识和词汇知识，写出正确的答案。
3．根据短文内容，在相应的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
How do you prove you really are who you say you are? Maybe you have many ways to prove your identity: a birth certificate, a driver's license, a Social Security card, or a passport.
But imagine that you are one of the one billion people in the world-most of them among the poorest-who have no official identification. No birth certificates. No official ID documents. Nothing. Without a way to prove who you are, you would face huge problems: going to school, seeing a doctor, getting a bank account...
For the last decade, NandanNilekani has been working to make the world's invisible people visible by giving them access to official identification. One of India's leading technology experts, Nandan joined the government to lead the launch of India's national biometric ID system, which uses fingerprints and other biological characteristics to check the identities of the country's more than 1.3 billion residents. This ID system, known as Aadhaar (Hindi for "foundation"), is the world's largest biometric identification system and has become a valuable government platform for delivering social welfare programs and other government services.
Now, Aadhaar has enrolled nearly all residents of India. With a trustworthy system to check identities of beneficiaries for everything from pensions to food moneies, the government has been able to save billions of dollars because of reduced cheating and dishonesty.
Of course, India's ID system has not been without controversy. There were many privacy concerns, including criticism that the Aadhaar system was a mass monitoring tool and that personal data would be misused. Last year, a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of India found that the program did not violate the privacy rights of the country's residents. But in order to prevent misuse of personal data, the court placed tight limits on how the ID system could be used and shared.
According to the latest data by the World Bank, there are one billion people in the world without an official proof of identity, including 45 percent of the population in sub-Saharan Africa
and 17 percent of South Asia's population.
Thanks to the work Nandan is doing, the world is moving closer to the day when everyone will have access to an official ID. The sooner we can achieve this goal, the sooner the world's poorest residents will not only be able to prove who they are, but also realize their dreams for better lives.（1）How does India's ID system check the identities of the residents? (不多于7个单词) （2）What is the function of Aadhaar as a valuable government platform? (不多于8个单词) （3）As for India's ID system, what are many people concerned about? (不多于1个单词) （4）What is the passage mainly about? (不多于6个单词)
【答案】（1）By using fingerprints and other biological characteristics.
（2）Delivering social welfare programs and other government services.
（3）Privacy.
（4）Making the world's invisible people visible.
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇说明文，世界上有10亿人没有官方身份证明，NandanNilekani一直致力于通过让世界上的"隐形人"获得官方身份证明，从而让他们变得"可见"。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“…lead the launch of India's national biometric ID system, which uses fingerprints and other biological characteristics to check the identities…”可知印度的身份识别系统通过指纹和其他生物特征来检查居民的身份。因此答案为By using fingerprints and other biological characteristics.
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的'his ID system, known as Aadhaar (Hindi for "foundation"),is the world's largest biometric identification system and has become a valuable government platform for delivering social welfare programs and other government ser vices.’可知Aadhaar作为一个有价值的政府平台，其功能是提供社会福利项目和其他政府服务。因此答案为Delivering social welfare programs and other government services.
（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“There were many privacy concerns, including criticism that the Aadhaar system was a mass monitoring tool and that per sonal data would be misused.”可知有很多隐私问题，包括批评Aadhaar系统是一个大规模的监控工具，个人数据会被滥用。所以许多人们关注的问题是隐私。故填Privacy.
（4）考查主旨大意。通读全文和第二段中的“NandanNilekani has been working to make the world's invisible people visible by giving them access to official identification.以及最后一段中的“the world is moving closer to the day when everyone will have access to an official ID. ”可知本文主要讲述的是世界上有10亿人没有官方身份证明，NandanNilekani一直致力于通过让世界上的"隐形人"获得官方身份证明，从而让他们变得"可见"。故可知Making the world's invisible people visible可以概括问文章主要内容，故答案为Making the world's invisible people visible.
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的词汇知识和词汇知识，写出正确的答案。
4．阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
At the age of forty-five, my usually well-ordered life became full of changes. After twenty-two
years of working in a bank, a plan to use less staff led to the unemployment of over one hundred people. Unluckily, I was one of them.
My once secure future became uncertain. However, I was not a single parent, so the family did not depend only on my income and my husband can support the family. My motto has always been, "Change is good; change is progress", but when it affected my livelihood, I had to change it. "Accept change and make the most of it." From the beginning, I chose to look at this matter not as bad luck, but as a welcome chance. I refused to become sorry; instead, I actively planned to do something new and different.
Having a positive attitude made all the difference in the way I pursued the future. First, I decided to return to college and graduate many years later than I should have. Doing this at my age took more than a little courage. Not being a graduate had never held me back in my career in the bank, but now it's a personal goal I longed to achieve. With a lot of determination, I went to evening classes and became an adult student. In the class, I became more and more confident. During this time, I realized that no matter what life throws in our way, nothing can hinder our personal growth.
The second thing I did to improve my inner self was to reevaluate my past life. It used to be filled with endless, and sometimes meaningless events. But now, my heart and life are completely around people I care for.
The loss of my job led to some positive changes in my life. Revisiting the past made room for the future. I realize that I have accepted the change, and am making the most of it.
（1）What made the author lose her job? (no more than 10 words)
（2）What did the author do after the unemployment? (no more than 15 words)
（3）How do you understand the underlined word in Paragraph 3? (no more than 3 words) （4）How would you describe the author in terms of personalities? (no more than 5 words) （5）What's your attitude towards the "changes" in your life? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
【答案】（1）The bank's plan to use less staff. Or: Less staff in the bank.
（2）Return to college and reevaluate her past life.Or: Return to college and devote more time to her beloved people.
（3）stop/ prevent; prohibit /forbid
（4）She is optimistic and determined. Or: She is active and adaptable.
（5）I will accept the changes and try my best to live a positive life. Or: I will make use of every chance to be successful in my life.
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，生活中充满了变数,作者用自己的经历告诉我们要接受并善于利用这些改变。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"a plan to use less staff led to the unemployment of over one hundred people. Unluckily, was one of them."可知,银行的裁员计划让作者失业了,故填The bank's plan to use less staff. /Less staff in the bank.
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"First, I decided to return to college"及第四段中的"The second thing I did to improve my inner self was to reevaluate my past life."可知,失业后,作者回到大学并重新评估自己过去的生活,故填Return to college and reevaluate her past life。
/Return to college and devote more time to her beloved people.
（3）考查句义猜测。根据画线词后的"our personal growth"可知,无论生活给我们带来了什么（变化）,没有什么能阻碍我们的个人成长,由此可知画线词词义为"阻碍",故填stop/ prevent; prohibit /forbid。
（4）考查概括归纳。根据第二段中的"I chose to look at this matter not as bad luck, but as a welcome chance. I refused to become sorry; instead, I actively planned to do something new and different."可知,作者把失业看作一个好机会而不是坏运气,拒绝难过,积极地去做一些新的、不同的事情,下文又说作者回到大学并重新评估过去的生活,由此可见,作者积极、乐观、有决心并且适应能力强,故填She is optimistic and determined./She is active and adaptable.
（5）考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的"The loss of my job led to some positive changes in my life."及"I have accepted the change, and am making the most of it."可知,我会接受生活中的变化并积极地生活,故填I will accept the changes and try my best to live a positive life./I will make use of every chance to be successful in my life.
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测，概括归纳和观点态度四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而做出正确答案。
5．阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
I have some gray hairs. Do l dare to count them? Just the fact that I have enough to count scares me, and turns getting old into a reality. I'm certainly getting older. We all are. But why does it have to happen so quickly?
We just celebrated my birthday. I say "celebrated" because we had cake and ice cream. For my kids, any excuse for ice cream and cake is a celebration. I'm not sure if to me it was a thing to celebrate, though. I like the special attention that birthday bring, but I don't wait for them 364 days of the year like my children do. For them, another number means more privileges and more things that they get to do. For an adult, another number means fewer things. that you can do, like "I can't run as fast as I used to…etc. "
I went with my children to the old-age home near my apartment building. We walked inside the door. The contrast between my preschoolers full of energy and the old women siting in the wheelchair by the door made me lost in thought. Not so long ago, I was a bouncing preschool like my children. Not so long ago, there women were the mothers of small children. Fifty years ago, they were me, and in fifty years, I could be them. The visit, like my birthday, served as a reality check. "Life is so short and it goes by so quickly. Enjoy the moment that you are in, because you will never get it back, "I told myself.
This is also what I want to leave behind to my children. I decide to try to start just by not complaining. In any difficult situation, I will try to find the good things about it, no matter how small the good things might be.
（1）What does the author like about birthdays?（no more than 10 words）
（2）Besides having an excuse for ice cream and cake, why do the author's children like birthday?（no more than 12 words.）
（3）What does the underlined word "bouncing" in Paragraph 3 mean?（I word）
（4）What is the main idea of the last paragraph?（no more than 10 words）
（5）What does birthday mean to you? Please explain why. （no more than 2 words. ）
【答案】（1）She likes the special attention that birthdays bring
（2）Because they can get more privileges and more things to do.
（3）Energetic.
（4）Try to find good things however difficult the situation is
（5）Open.
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，生日意味着什么？不同的人对此有不同的诠释。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“though. I like the special attention that birthday bring”可知, 她喜欢生日带来的特别关注。故答案为She likes the special attention that birthdays bring.
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“For them, another number means more privileges and more things that they get to do.”可知, 除了借口冰淇淋和蛋糕, 作者的孩子喜欢生日是因为他们可以得到更多的特权, 做更多的事情。故答案为Because they can get more privileges and more things to do.
（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“The contrast between my preschoolers full of energy and the old women siting in the wheelchair by the door made me lost in thought.”我那些精力充沛的学龄前儿童和坐在门口轮椅上的老妇人之间的对比让我陷入了沉思。和“Not so long ago”不久前, 可知划线词的意思是"充满精力的"。故答案为Energetic.
（4）考查段落大意。根据最后一段中的“In any difficult situation, I will try to find the good things about it, no matter how small the good things might be.”在任何困难的情况下,我将试着找到好东西,无论多么小的好事。故答案为Try to find good things however difficult the situation is.
（5）开放题。此题是"生日对你意味着什么", 这应该是因人而变。故答案为Open.
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，段落大意和开放题四个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，概括，归纳，从而做出正确答案。
6．请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。每个空格只填一个单词。
A psychotherapist once taught me a little trick that helped me feel less angry at my partner and less sad about the failings of our relationship.
She said, "Look at him and imagine him as a very little boy; that way, you separate yourself somewhat from the adult, and you are likely to understand and forgive him."
It actually helped. I couldn't be as mad at or disappointed by a child as I could be with a grown man. So, at least on some occasions, we were both spared the heartache of an uncomfortable silence or a not-so-silent argument. And I sometimes still use versions of that trick whenever I feel frustrated or angry in other relationships or personal exchanges.
But what if you could mentally change the form of the emotion itself? According to scientists at
the University of Texas, maybe you can.
Focusing specifically on sadness, the researchers asked two groups of study participants to write about a time in their lives when they felt very sad. They then asked one group to imagine sadness as a person, and write down a description of the person they imagined would be sadness. Not surprisingly, the participants described sadness in such ways as an older person with gray hair and sunken eyes or a young girl holding her head down as she slowly walked along.
The researchers asked the other group of participants to write down a description of sadness with respect to its impact on their moods. When asked to rate their levels of sadness after completing their descriptions, the participants who wrote about the emotion itself and how it affects them reported higher levels of sadness than the group that anthropomorphized (人格化)sadness into a specific type of person with familiar human characteristics. The researchers suggest that by giving life to the emotion, participants can view sadness as something (or someone) separate and somewhat distant from themselves, helping them relieve their negative feelings.
While it's okay to feel sad, many people behave in unconscious and sometimes self-destructive ways to distract or "save" themselves when they are consumed by negative emotions. So in the study authors wanted to know whether or not the group that reported feeling less sad would make smarter shopping decisions.
They tested this by asking participants in both groups to first choose between a salad or a cheesecake dessert to go with the main dish they were having for lunch. The researchers also asked participants to choose between a computer loaded with features for productivity or a computer loaded with features for entertainment. Those study participants who had anthropomorphized their emotions were more likely to choose the salad and the productive computer than those who had simply written about their feelings.
For obvious reasons, then, they say this technique is best for reduce negative emotions.
affect/influence/impact；control；life；rich/high/abundant；Conclusion
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了缓解悲伤情绪的方法——将悲伤的情绪具体化，但要将悲伤的情绪与相应的人分割开。同时文章中还介绍了一些实验，要求实验对象将自己悲伤的情绪想象成一个人，并赋予这个“人”以生命，从而达到减轻悲伤情绪的目的。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“a little trick that helped me feel less angry at my partner and less sad about the failings of our relationship.”心理治疗师告诉了作者一个帮助自己对父母不那么生气以及对关系不那么难过的方法。文章第一段为主旨段，提取关键词less。在做文章标题时应注意大写。故填Less。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Look at him and imagine him as a very little boy;”可知应填imagine，但by为介词，后接动名词，故填imagining。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“we were both spared the heartache of an uncomfortable silence or a not-so-silent argument.” 可知。我们都可以免于一个不舒服沉默带来的心痛或不那么沉默带来的争论。be spared of固定短语，“幸免于”，即对双方都有好处或益处。故填beneficial/helpful。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Not surprisingly, the participants described sadness in such ways ”可知，毫无意外的是，参与者用那样的方式描述了悲伤。Not surprisingly=It is no surprise that。故填surprise。
（5）考查推理判断“根据第六段中的”the participants who wrote about the emotion itself ...reported higher level of sadness than ...“情绪本身的参与者有着更高层次的悲伤，因此与之相对应的，将悲伤描述成一个人的，悲伤的层次较低。故填lower。
（6）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的”Those study participants who had anthropomorphized their emotions were more likely to choose the salad and the productive computer than those who had simply written about their feelings.“接受了心理治疗的参与者更有可能选择沙拉作为作为主菜，且会选择装有工具性软件的电脑，说明心理治疗会对参与者造成影响，故填affect/influence/impact。
（7）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的”While it's okay to feel sad, many people behave in unconscious and...“可知。当沉浸在悲伤里时，很多人就会表现的无意识，即失去了对自己的控制。故填control。
（8）考查推理判断。根据anthropomorphized一词，及第六段中的”The researchers suggest that by giving life to the emotion, participants can view sadness as something (or someone) separate and somewhat distant from themselves, helpi ng them relieve their negative feelings.“通过将情绪赋予生命，参与者可以将悲伤从别的事情中分离开来，帮助他们减少负面情绪。故填life。
（9）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的”choose between a salad or a cheesecake dessert “可知，这些都是高甜、高热量的食物，故填rich/high/abundant。
（10）考查概括归纳。根据最后一段中的”For obvious reasons, then, they say th is technique
is best for reduce negative emotions.“这样的方式是减低负面情绪最好的方法。最后一段是对整篇文章的归纳总结，故填Conclusion。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和概括归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确理解细节信息，并根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而写出正确答案。
7．阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
When we were growing up in our grandparents' home, Jack, my grandfather, was always in his room sitting in the chair and listening to the radio. The voices speaking from the metal box day and night, taught us that there was a larger world outside. He would roll the black dial (刻度盘) back and forth until the signal was clear. Then he would listen.
Now he is old and falls ill. When I went to visit him, he said to me, "I dislike the Internet. The problem is that we're losing primary contact with each other. No more shaking hands. Everyone is so busy. We want too much and in the process of getting it we miss so much." He stopped for a while. "It makes me lonely and sad." Then he looked at me, "I just want to hear your voices."
I think of all the voices on the radio he has spent a lifetime listening to. I asked, "How did you become interested in radio?" "I don't know," he said. "It was another way to reach people. I was always interested in searching for a better signal, a clearer, more powerful signal that could communicate with someone somewhere."
"And I'll tell you another funny thing: you can electronically eliminate all kinds of noise from the signal, but you can't get rid of natural noise caused by thunder and lightning, rainstorms, or snowstorms."
He closed his eyes and smiled. "I was just thinking that in spite of all our technologies, maybe we haven't progressed that far as human beings. We shouldn't forget we still have the same basic needs."
（1）What did Jack use to do in his room? (No more than 12 words)
（2）Why did Jack roll the black dial back and forth? (No more than 5 words)
（3）How is Jack feeling now? (No more than 8 words)
（4）What does the underlined word "eliminate" in Paragraph 4 mean? (1 word)
（5）What should you do to solve the problem of losing direct contact with others? (No more than 20 words)
【答案】（1）He used to sit in the chair, listening to his radio.
Or: He sat in the chair and listened to his radio.
（2）To find a clear signal.
（3）He is feeling lonely and sad.
（4）Remove.
（5）Open.
We should reduce the time we spend on the Internet and find more time to communicate with others.
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者讲述了自己的祖父杰克曾经爱听收音机的习惯以及祖父杰克对互联网的看法，旨在说明我们应该减少上网的时间，多拿出些时间来与人交流，尤其应该多与老人进行直接的交流，以减少他们的孤独感。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Jack, my grandfather, was always in his roo m sitting in the chair and listening to the radio.”可知，作者的祖父Jack总是在他的房间里坐在椅子上，听收音机。故答案概括为：He used to sit in the chair, listening to his radio. Or: He sat in the chair and listened to his radio.
（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“He would roll the black dial（刻度盘）back and forth until the signal was clear.”他来回地拨弄着黑色表盘，直到信号清晰为止，可知，Jack这样做的目的是为了找到清晰的信号。故答案概括为：To find a clear signal.
（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“I dislike the Internet.以及It makes me lonely and sad.”可知，Jack不喜欢互联网，因为它使他感到孤独与悲伤.故答案概括为：He is feeling lonely and sad.
（4）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“…but you can't remove natural noise caused by thunder and lightning, rainstorms, or snowstorms.”但你却不能去除掉由雷电，暴雨，或暴风雪造成的天然的噪声）可推测，前一句“you can electronically eliminate all kinds of noise from the signal”的意思“你可以通过电子手段消除信号中的各种噪声”。因此，remove（去除）应与划线部分的单词是同义词故答案为remove。
（5）考查开放题。本题问的是：你怎样做才能解决失去与他人直接交流的问题？根据文中第二段I dislike the Internet. The problem is that we're losing primary contact with each other. No more shaking hands. Everyone is so busy.可知，由于有了互联网以后，人们都忙着上网了，才使得人们失去了直接接触的机会。故答案概括为：We should reduce the time we spend on the Internet and find more time to communicate with others.也可以发表自己的意见，但注意不要超过20个单词。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和开放题三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的词汇知识和词汇知识，写出正确的答案。
8．阅读下列短文，按照要求用英文回答问题。
I was in the country, Vietnam, from 1970 to 1971. I was a nineteen-year-old soldier. Six months after my arrival, I stepped on a land mine and lost my right foot. Although it was a painful experience, I also felt great relief and happiness. I knew it meant my plane ticket home. So I had mixed feelings after the accident.
Back in the US, I was fitted with an artificial leg and I threw away my uniform and my Purple Heart. They had no value to me. They reminded me of what I wasn't proud of and I had one constant reminder: one artificial leg.
Twenty-six years later, I participated in a bicycle race in Vietnam, which was designed for Americans and veterans (老兵) and civilians of Vietnam. In the race I formed a connection with Tran, a veteran of the former North Vietnam. Like me, Tran had also lost his leg due to a mine. But unlike me, he had also lost some family members in the Americans' bombing. He said he
used to be filled with hate for Americans.
One day, I heard that he had slipped in the race by accident, and that his leg was hurting him. I offered him some medicine to ease his pain. He gave me a "thumbs up". He smiled his big smile. And that was enough. We had a special connection. Although language was an obstacle to our communication, it didn't hinder us from conveying our friendship. In the race, we found that we could relax and enjoy each other's company, even without words.
During the race, I found his prosthesis (假肢) was not good, so I considered arranging a new prosthesis for him after returning home. And I invited him to visit my country. Joyfully, he agreed. When I returned home, I talked with my friend Jim, who owned the company where my prosthesis was made. I told him about Tran and why he should have a new prosthesis. Jim agreed. Later, Tran travelled to my country. We got Tran a new prosthetic leg. I was happy to give something to him—and in a way, to his country. At my daughters' school, he talked about forgiveness. Despite their country's loss, he found the place in his heart to forgive.
He is my friend, and I am happy that now our friendship will continue for the rest of our life.（1）Why did the author have mixed feelings after the accident? (no more than 10 words) （2）What does the underlined word in Paragraph 4 mean? (only 1 word)
（3）What did the author's friend, Jim, agree to do? (no more than 10 words)
（4）What was the change of Tran's feelings to Americans? (no more than 10 words)
（5）Why does the author say he and Tran will be friends for the rest of their life? Please give reasons in your own words. (no more than 20 words)
【答案】（1）Because although he was injured, he could returned home.
（2）Prevent.
（3）To make a new prosthesis for Tran for free.
（4）He turned hate to forgiveness.
（5）Open.
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者去越南参加自行车比赛时，遇到了和他遭遇相似的越南老兵，他们心意相通，成为了朋友。作者回国后邀请Tran来美国并送给他新的假肢，他很感动，告诉作者他原谅了美国对他的伤害，作者觉得他们的友谊可以永远保持下去。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Although it was a painful experience, I also felt great relief and happiness. I knew it meant my plane ticket home. So I had mixed feelings after the accident.”可知，作者虽然腿受了伤，但这意味着他可以回家，所以他的心情即痛苦又开心。故本题答案为：Because although he was injured, he could return home.
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Although language was an obstacle to our communication, it didn't hinder us from conveying our friendship.”可知，尽管语言是他们交流的障碍，但这并不……他们传达友情。前后句为转折关系，故推测划线词的意思是“阻止”。故本题答案为：Prevent。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“so I considered arranging a new prosthesis for him after returning home…When I returned home, I talked with my friend Jim, who owned the company where my prosthesis was made. I told him about Tran and why he should have a new
prosthesis.”可知，作者回到美国后把想送给Tran新假肢的事情给朋友Jim说了，Jim对此想法表示赞同。故本题答案为：To make a new prosthesis for Tran for free.
（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“He said he used to be filled with hate for Americans.和倒数第二段的At my daughters' school, he talked about forgiveness.”可知，Tran对美国的态度由恨变为原谅。故本题答案为：He turned hate to forgiveness.
（5）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“We had a special connection. Although language was an obstacle to our communication, it didn't hinder us from conveying our friendship. In the race, we found that we could relax and enjoy each other's company, even without words.”；以及倒数第二段中的“I was happy to give something to him—and in a way, to his country. At my daughters' school, he talked about forgiveness. Despite their country's loss, he found the place in his hear t to forgive.”可推测，作者认为他们之间的友谊可以继续延续下去是因为他们虽然语言不同却能正真理解对方，而且Tran也放下了对美国的仇恨。故本题答案可以围绕这方面展开。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息。并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而写出正确答案。
9．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
They Just Can't Help It
My theory is that the female brain is mainly built for empathy —the ability to understand other people —and that the male brain is mainly built for building systems. ________ For example, women are more likely to read magazines on fashion and parenting, while men will choose magazines that feature computers and sport.
You may think that these preferences are influenced by the way people are taught to behave when they are growing up. However, this is not the case. A new study carried out at Cambridge University shows that newborn girls look longer at a face, and newborn boys look longer at a mobile. ________ It has also been observed that girls are better at noticing signs of changes in other people's feelings. Boys, however, seem to enjoy building toy towers and playing with toys which have clear functions. ________ People whose jobs are in the construction industries are almost male. Math and engineering, which require high levels of systems-thinking, are also male-chosen disciplines. Why do men and women have the difference? Actually women have four times as many brain neurons (神经) that connect the right and left part of their brains. Because of it, women have a better ability to multitask than men. ________ Men tend to focus on a limited number of problems at a time. They will separate themselves from problems and view tasks as independent from one another.
Some people may worry that I am suggesting one gender (性别) is better than the other, but this is not the case. My theory says that males and females differ in the kinds of things that they find easy, but that both genders have their strengths and weaknesses. ________ It is not true. The study simply looks at males and females as two groups, and asks what differences exist, and
why they are there.
A. Generally speaking, there are clear differences.
B. Their preference for building systems may change over time.
C. You can see the same kind of pattern in the adult workplace.
D. They will consider many sources of information at the same time.
E. It is important to stress that the female brain may be built more for empathy.
F. That suggests certain differences between male and female brains are biological.
G. Others may think the theory creates a belief of what a particular type of person is like.
【答案】 A；F；C；D；G
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，阐述男性与女性差异各有优缺点。
A. Generally speaking, there are clear differences.一般来说，有明显的差异。
B. Their preference for building systems may change over time.他们对建筑系统的偏好可能随着时间的推移而改变
C. You can see the same kind of pattern in the adult workplace.你可以在成年人的工作场所看到同样的模式。
D. They will consider many sources of information at the same time.他们会同时考虑许多信息来源。
E. It is important to stress that the female brain may be built more for empathy.很重要的一点是，女性的大脑可能更多地建立在共情的基础上。
F. That suggests certain differences between male and female brains are biological.这表明男性和女性大脑的某些差异是生物学上的。
G. Others may think the theory creates a belief of what a particular type of person is like.其他人可能认为这一理论产生了一种特定类型的人的信念。
（1）前文叙述男女大脑用途不同，且根据后文提示，For example 的提示，举例说男性与女性在选择杂志上的区别，故此处应为一个总起性质的句子，强调区别。故选A。
（2）第二段总起的观点为男性与女性在选择上的差异是后天培养的，However 话锋一转，说新生儿在选择上的差异，因此提出新的观点“暗示男性与女性选择上的差异是天生的，即为生理差异决定的。”故选F。
（3）前文提及男孩对搭建玩具塔楼以及功能性较强的玩具有强烈的倾向，后文说建筑类工作多为男性，故前后文都是描述男性相同的选择倾向，只是发生的年龄和场所不同，故选C。
（4）前文提及女性更具有同时从事多个任务的能力，与 D 选项many sources 及at the same time 呼应，故选D。
（5）前文提到my theory “男性与女性各有优缺点”，后文说“it is not true”，故此处引出一个容易误解的观点。G 选项提及的theory，且这里的观点认为“我的观点会让男性女性模式化，故选G。
【点评】七选五的答案选项较少并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或句子但后面的标点符号来判断该句在我在中的位置。另外通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达不同意思的句子，就可以直接将该选项排除。
10．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出最佳选项。选项有两项为多余选项。
Although most parents don't like doing it after a long and exhausting workday, reading bedtime stories does make a positive influence on your child's emotional and mental health. ________
It helps to develop children's imagination.
Reading bedtime stories can develop your children's ability to form pictures or ideas in their mind.
A healthy imagination makes their minds work well and teaches them to think quickly yet effectively. ________
It improves children's language.
Reading also improves your children's language. ________They'll most likely use those words in the stories you read right after they hear them. Listening to many stories helps kids to express their opinions better.
________
Reading books makes people more learned. When children hear the stories you tell, they learn grammar and vocabulary, for example. It helps them be successful in school as they already know a lot from your stories. What's more, every story has its moral aspect and tells them what's good and what's bad.
These reasons leave no chances of doubting whether to read bedtime stories to your children or not. ________They will thank you in future, I promise.
A. It fosters children's affection for reading.
B. It makes children knowledgeable.
C. Take a look at the best benefits of it and you'll never be lazy to do that.
D. So however tired you are, find time to read bedtime stories to your children.
E. Bedtime stories create just unforgettable moments.
F. They remember most words you say and enlarge their vocabulary.
G. They'll be successful in many aspects thanks to a wonderful imagination.
【答案】 C；G；F；B；D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章叙述的是“读睡前故事的好处”。不管你有多累，找时间给你的孩子读睡前故事。
（1）上文提示“尽管大多数父母不喜欢在漫长而疲惫的工作日之后做这件事，但阅读睡前故事确实会对孩子的情绪和心理健康产生积极的影响。”承接上文，C项Take a look at the best benefits of it and you'll never be lazy to do that.（看一看它的好处，你就不会偷懒了。）切题。该项中的benefits和上文中的a positive influence相吻合。故选C。
（2）上文提示“健康的想象力使他们的头脑运转良好，并教会他们快速而有效地思考。”承接上文，G项They'll be successful in many aspects thanks to a wonderful imagination.（他们将在许多方面取得成功，这要归功于出色的想象力。）切题。此处关键词imagination（想象力），故选G。
（3）上文提示“阅读也能提高你孩子的语言能力。”再根据下文提示“他们很可能会在你听到的故事中使用这些词。”承接上下文，F项They remember most words you say and enlarge their vocabulary.（他们记得你说的大多数单词，并扩大他们的词汇量。）切题。该项中的enlarge their vocabulary与上文中的improves your children's language和下文中的use those
words相吻合。故选F。
（4）此空是一个小标题。根据上面两个小标题的结构，可知在A/B中选。根据第四段第一句Reading books makes people more learned.（读书使人们更有学问。）可知，B项It makes children knowledgeable.（它使孩子们知识渊博。）切题。该项中的knowledgeable与本段第一句的more learned相吻合。故选B。
（5）上文提示“这些理由不让你怀疑是否给你的孩子读睡前故事。”再根据下文提示“我保证，他们将来会感谢你的。”承接上下文，D项So however tired you are, find time to read bedtime stories to your children.（不管你有多累，找时间给你的孩子读睡前故事。）切题。此处关键词read bedtime stories to your children，故选D。
【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤
1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。 2）研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。
11．阅读下列短文并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词，每空格1词。
A 2014 study found that readers of a short mystery story on a Kindle were significantly worse at remembering the order of events than those who read the same story in paperback.
The brain reads by constructing a mental representation of the text based on the placement of the page in the book and the word on the page. The tactile (触觉的) experience of a book aids this process, from the thickness of the pages in your hands as you progress through the story to the placement of a word on the page.
Surveys about the use of e-readers suggests that this affects a reader's sense of control. The inability to turn back to previous pages or control the text physically, either through making written notes or bending pages, limits one's sensory experience and thus reduces long-term memory of the text.
Before the Internet, the brain read in a linear (线状的) fashion, taking advantage of sensory details to remember where key information was in the book by layout.
As we increasingly read on screens, our reading habits have adapted to skim a text rather than really absorb its meaning. A 2006 study found that people read on screens in a "F" pattern, reading the entire top line but then only scanning through the text along the left side of the page. This sort of nonlinear reading reduces comprehension and actually makes it more difficult to focus the next time you sit down with a longer piece of text.
Tufts University neuroscientist Maryanne Wolf worries that "the superficial way we read during the day is affecting us when we have to read with more in-depth processing." Individuals are increasingly finding it difficult to sit down and involve themselves deeply in a novel. As a result, some researchers and literature-lovers have started a "slow reading" movement, as a way to counteract their difficulty making it through a book.
Slow-reading advocates recommend at least 30 to 45 minutes of daily reading away from the distractions of modern technology. By doing so, the brain can reengage with linear reading. The
benefits of making slow reading a regular habit are numerous, reducing stress and improving your ability to concentrate.
Reading an old-fashioned novel is also linked to improving sleep. When many of us spend our days in front of screens, it can be hard to signal to our body that it's time to sleep. By reading a paper book about an hour before bed, your brain enters a new zone, distinct from that enacted by reading on an e-reader.
miss；easy /easier；stressed /anxious /worried；sleep
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了阅读纸质书籍有助于对书内容的理解，对比了阅读纸质书籍和电子书籍这两种阅读习惯，说明了慢读和阅读纸质书籍的好处。
（1）考查信息归纳。根据第一段"A 2014 study found that readers of a short mystery story on a Kindle were significantly worse at remembering the order of events than those who read the same story in paperback.”；以及第二段“ The brain reads by constructing a mental representation of the text based on the placement of the page in the book and the word on the page. The tactile (触觉的) experience of a book aids this process, from the thickness of the pages in your hands as you progress through the story to the placement of a word on the page"可知，2014年的一项研究发现，在Kindle上阅读一篇短篇侦探小说的读者，相比读平装书上同一篇小说的读者，在记忆情节顺序方面明显逊色很多。大脑在阅读时会根据书页在书中的位置以及单词在书页上的位置构建文本的心理表征。在阅读过程中，你手中逐渐变厚的书页，还是一个单词在页面上所处的位置，纸质书的这类触觉体验都促进了大脑的上述运作
过程。所以前两段在主要说明阅读纸质书籍有助于对书内容的理解。故填print。
（2）考查同义转换。根据第二段中的“The tactile (触觉的) experience of a book aids this process”可知，纸质书的这类触觉体验都促进了大脑的上述运作过程。aid可以用contribute to替换，都表示“有助于”。故填contributes。
（3）考查信息归纳。根据第三段中的"Surveys about the use of e-readers suggests that this affects a reader's sense of control。The inability to turn back to previous pages or control the text physically."可知，关于电子阅读器使用情况的调查显示，这影响了读者的控制感。读者不能翻回到之前的页面，也不能用有形的方式控制文本。所以电子阅读器的使用会影响读者用有形的方式控制文本的能力。故填ability。
（4）考查同义转换。根据第三段中的"…thus reduces long-term memory of the text."可知，因此降低了对文本的长期记忆。所以通过"reduce"可以判断出，unable /fail to do“未能做某事”符合句意。故填unable /fail。
（5）考查归纳概括。根据第四段"Before the Internet, the brain read in a linear (线状的) fashion, taking advantage of sensory details to remember where key information was in the book by layout. ”；以及第五段中的“As we increasingly read on screens, our reading habits have adapted to skim a text rather than really absorb its meaning."可知，没有互联网的时候，大脑以线状的方式阅读，利用感官细节按版面编排记住书中的关键信息。随着我们越来越多地在屏幕上阅读，我们的阅读习惯已经适应了略读文本而不是真正吸收其含义。所以第四段，第五段在对比两种阅读习惯。故填Explanations /Comparisons。
（6）考查同义转换。根据第四段"Before the Internet, the brain read in a linear (线状的) fashion, taking advantage of sensory details to remember where key information was in the book by layout."可知，没有互联网的时候，大脑以线状的方式阅读，利用感官细节按版面编排记住书中的关键信息。"layout"可用location替换，都表示“位置”。故填location。
（7）考查归纳概括。根据第五段中的"As we increasingly read on screens, our reading habits have adapted to skim a text rather than really absorb its meaning."可知，随着我们越来越多地在屏幕上阅读，我们的阅读习惯已经适应了略读文本而不是真正吸收其含义。所以通过"rather than really absorb its meaning"可知，用miss“错过”概括。故填miss。
（8）考查同义转换。根据第六段中的"As a result, some researchers and literature-lovers have started a "slow reading" movement, as a way to counteract their difficulty making it through a book."可知，因此，一些研究人员和文学爱好者开始了一场“慢读”运动，以抵消他们阅读时的困难。所以通过"counteract their difficulty"可知，用easy /easier“容易的”替换。故填easy /easier。
（9）考查同义转换。根据第七段中的"The benefits of making slow reading a regular habit are numerous, reducing stress and improving your ability to concentrate."可知，养成慢速阅读的习惯有很多好处，可以减轻压力，提高注意力。所以通过"stress"可以判断出，stressed /anxious /worried“焦虑的”可以替换。故填stressed /anxious /worried。
（10）考查信息归纳。根据第八段中的"Reading an old-fashioned novel is also linked to improving sleep"可知，读一本老式小说也有助于改善睡眠。故填sleep。
【点评】本题考点涉及信息归纳，同义转换和归纳概括三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅
读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。
12．任务型阅读
Moving to a foreign country is an amazing, life-changing experience. There are some practical decisions that need to be made.________For me, choosing to live with a French with a French family was the best choice I made, and here is why.
________ When you're in a new environment with people you don't know who are speaking a language you're still not fluent in, you might feel lost, tired and homesick—I know I did.________They showed me which buses to take to get to work, cooked dinner for me so we could eat together, and took me with them on trips to the beach, the theatre and even a bullfight. These were great opportunities to experience French culture and build relationships. They helped me feel more comfortable and welcome.
Living with French people has improved my language skills. Being constantly exposed to real French conversation has allowed me to learn new phrases, widen my vocabulary and even improve my accent. My host family are happy to answer my questions and correct me when I say things wrong.________
The experience of living abroad is one that you will remember forever. Perhaps the friendships, like the memories, will also last.________You might return for their birthdays, weddings, holidays, and much more. I hope to remain in contact with my host family long after I leave France because when I was away from my friends and loves ones, they welcomed me and made me part of their family.
A. One such decision is choosing where to live.
B. You can stay in your own space and privacy.
C. Your host family might become your life-long friends.
D. It makes me a better and more confident French speaker.
E. However, my host family was wonderful and welcoming.
F. A family can help you settle in, stopping you from feeling lonely.
G. It's an opportunity to meet new people, a different culture and another language.
【答案】A；F；E；D；C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者以自己的亲身经历说明去国外时，最好选择住在当地的寄宿家庭。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“There ar e some practical decisions that need to be made. ”这里提到了需要做一些很实际的决定，故选A。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“When you're in a new environment with people you don't know who are speaking a language you're still not fluent in, you might feel lost, tired and homesick—I k now I did.” 这里提到了感到孤独，想家的问题，故选F。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“They showed me which buses to take to get to work, cooked dinner for me so we could eat together, and took me with them on trips to the beach, the theatre and even a bullfight. These were great opportunities to experience French culture and build relationships. They helped me feel more comfortable and welcome.”这里提到