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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解:

主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。

The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)

Seeing is believing. (动名词)

To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)

It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)

谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

We study English. He is asleep.

表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. (名词)Seventy-four! You don?t look it. (代词)

Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词)

His father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)

My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)

To wear a flower is to say “I?m poor, I can?t b uy a ring. (不定式)

The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)

(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell

(闻起来),

taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉) ...

It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.

Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.

The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.

The door remains open. Now I feel tired.

宾语:1)动作的承受者-----动宾

I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词)

How many do you need? We need two. (数词)

We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名

词)

I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he said?

(宾语从句)

2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾

Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.

3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)

He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.

宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。

We elected him monitor. (名词)We all think it a pity that she didn?t

come here. (名)

We will make them happy. (形容词)We found nobody in. ( 副词) Please make yourself at home. 介词短语)Don?t let him do that. (省to

不定式)

His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)Don?t keep the lights burning. (现在分词)I?ll have my bike repaired. (过

去分词)

主补:对主语的补充。

He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.

He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.

定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)He is our friend. (代词)We belong to the third world. (数词)He was advised to teach the lazy

boy a lesson.(形容词)

The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in

her arms is my sister. (介词)

The boys playing football are in Class 2. (现在分词)

The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)

I have an idea to do it well. (不定式)

You should do everything that I do.

(定语从句)状语:用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。

(以下例句按上述顺序排列)

I will go there tomorrow.

The meeting will be held in the meeting-room.

The meat went bad because of the hot weather.

He studies hard to learn English well.

He didn?t study hard so that h e failed in the exam. I like some of you very

much.

If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.

Though he is young, he can do it well.

句子结构

简单句的五个基本句型

主语+不及物动词She came./ My head aches.

主语+及物动词+宾语She likes English.

主语+系动词+主语补语She is happy.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语She gave John a book.

She bought a book for me.

主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语

She makes her mother angry.

The teacher asked me to read the passage.

(There +be There lies a book on the desk. )

Exercises :

分析下列句子成分

1. Our school is not far from my home.

2. It is a great pleasure to talk

with you

3. All of us considered him honest.

4. My grandfather bought me a

pair of sports shoes.

5. He broke a piece of glass.

6. He made it clear that he would

leave the city.

翻译练习:

主谓结构(主语+不及物动词)

1、You should study hard.

2、She went home very late yesterday evening.

练习:

1、This box weighs five kilos. 这个盒子重五公斤。

2、I lived in Beijing five years ago. 五年前我住在北京。

主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语)

1、I wrote a letter last night.

2、I want to talk with you this afternoon.

练习:

1、All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 我们大家都相信Jack 是一

个诚实男孩。

2、He did not know what to say. 他不知道说什麽好。

主系表结构(主语+系动词+表语)

1.My brothers are all college students. 2In winter, the days are short and

the nights are long.

2. Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 4At the age of fifteen he became a

famous pianist.

练习:

1、树叶已经变黄了。The leaves have turned yellow.

2、这个报告听起来很有意思。The report sounds interesting.

双宾语结构(主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)

1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year.

2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.

练习:

1、请你给我弄一本新的,好吗?Will you please get me a new copy?

2、我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗?Shall I call you a taxi?

复合宾语结构(主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语)

1.We call her Alice.

2.His parents named him John.

练习:

1、学校定了一条规则,开始上课时学生要起立。

The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class

begins.

2、我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。

I thought it no use talking with that man

There be 句型

1.There isn?t going to be a meeting toni ght.

2.There was only a well in the village.

练习:

1、铃响了。

2、二月份有二十八天。

二、英语句子种类讲解:

【考点直击】

按照句子的用途,英语句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。按照句子的结构,英语句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。中考对句子的考查主要

集中在以下几个方面:

1. 陈述句的构成形式及基本用法;

2. 祈使句的构成形式及基本用法;

3. 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本

用法;

4. 由what, how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别

对于各种从句的用法我们在后面分别论述。

【名师点睛】

一. 陈述句的构成形式及基本用法

1. 陈述句:

陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法(包括肯定和否定)的句子。

通常用降调,句末用句号“.”。

Tom has a new car.

The flower isn?t beautiful.

2. 陈述句否定式的构成

(1) 如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be,则只

需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。

He is playing the guitar.(肯定)

He is not playing the guitar.(否定)

We can get there before dark.(肯定)

We can?t get thee before dark.(否定)

(2) 如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词,而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时,则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don?t, doesn?t或didn?t。同时把该实

义动词变为原形。

He plays the violin well.(肯定)

He doesn?t play the violin well.(否定)

She won the game.(肯定)

She didn?t win the game.(否定)

(3) 如果句子是there be结构或谓语动词是have(有),除了be和have

之后加not之外,句中如果有some要变为any。例如:

There is some water in the cup. →There is not any water in the cup.

He has some books. →He has not any books.

(4) 除not以外,否定词no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可构成否定

句。例如:

There is something wrong with his bike. →There is nothing wrong with his

bike.

I have seen the film. →I have never seen the film.

二. 祈使句的构成形式及基本用法

祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号“!”或句号“.”。朗读时一般用降调。

1. 肯定的祈使句:

(1)祈使句主语是you时,you常省略,但如果要特别强调对方或表达某

种强烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。

Be quiet.

You be quiet!

(2)“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求,do起强调作用。

Do come back at once!

Do be careful.

(3)please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气,但please用在句末

时,必须用逗号与其余部分分开。

Open the window, please.

(4)Let引导祈使句时,后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语,人称代词一般只

用第一、第三人称。

Let Jack wait a minute.

Let?s go to school.

(5)在祈使句中,Let?s和Let us是有区别的。Let?s包括说话者,而Let us 不包括听话者在内。这点从反意疑问句时可明显看出。

Let?s go skating, shall we?(表示内部的建议)

Let us try again, will you?(表示向别人发出请求)

2. 否定祈使句通常以Don?t或Never开头。其结构通常是:“Don?t(Never)+

动词原形+其他成分” 例如:

Don?t do that again!

Never leave today?s work for tomorrow!

Don?t be late next time!

三. 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本

用法

1. 一般疑问句:

(1)一般疑问句的肯定形式

一般疑问句一般是指以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have(有)开始,通常要求以yes,或no来回答的疑问句,一般疑问句读时通常用升调。

Do you know Mr. Smith?

Can you swim?

(2)一般疑问句的否定结构

①在一般疑问句的否定结构中,把副词not放在一般疑问句的主语之后。但如果用not的简略形式-n?t,则须将-n?t与一般疑问句句首的be, have,助动词或情态动词写在一起。在实际运用中,一般都采用简略式。

Are you not a football fan?

Aren?t you a football fan?

Will she not like it?

Won?t she like it?

②与汉语不同的是,英语一般疑问句否定结构的答语是否定还是肯定,全由答语的否定或肯定来决定。若答语是肯定的,则用yes加肯定结构;若答语是

否定的,则用no加否定结构。

Aren?t you a football fan? 你不是足球迷吗?

Yes, I am.\ No, I am not.

Won?t she like it?

Yes, she will. \ No, she won?t.

2. 特殊疑问句

特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词+一般疑问句”构成,句子一般用倒装语序,但如果主语是疑问代词或由疑问代词修饰时,用陈述句的语序。特殊疑问句不能用yes或no回答,读时用降调。例如:

Who is on duty today?

How long have you been in Beijing?

What time do you get up every morning?

What must I do now?

常用的特殊疑问句

3. 选择疑问句:

选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况,让对方选择回答的疑问句。其结构是“疑问句+选择部分”。选择部分由or连接,or前面的部分读升调,

or后面的部分读降调。

选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答,而必须具体的选择答复。

Is your bag yellow or black? It?s black.。

Would you like some tea or coffee? Either will do.。

Which do you like better, singing or dancing? I like dancing better.

4. 反意疑问句:

反意疑问句(tag question)又叫附加疑问句,是在陈述句后,对陈述句所叙

述的事提出的疑问。

其基本结构有两种:

一“肯定陈述句+简略否定问句”;

二“否定陈述句+简略肯定问句”。

反意疑问句的前后两部分在时态,人称和数上都要保持一致。

It looks like rain, doesn?t it?

He doesn?t need to work so late, does he?

(1)肯定的陈述句后跟否定的附加问句,否定的陈述句后跟肯定的附加问

句。

I am y our teacher, aren?t I?

He didn?t study hard, did he?

(2)当反意疑问句是“否定陈述句+肯定附加问句”时,英语与汉语的回答习惯存在差异。英语回答时只看实际情况,若答语的具体内容是肯定的就用“Yes+肯定结构”,答语的具体内容是否定的就用“No+否定结构”,而译成汉语时,则必

须把yes译“不是”,把no译成“是的”。

---You won?t be away for long, will you? 你不会离开太久,是吗?

---Yes, I will.不,我会离开很久。

---No, I won?t.是的,我不会离开很久。

---I don?t think she?ll come by bike, will she? 我认为她不会骑自行车,会

吗?

---Yes, she will.不,她会骑自行车来。

---No, she won?t.是的,她不会骑自行车来。

即:对反意疑问句的回答,是根据事实,而不是根据问题的提法。

He isn…t a doctor, is he ? (他不是医生,是吗?)

Yes, he is . (不,他是医生。)

No, he isn't. (是的,他不是医生。)

(3)陈述部分的主语是this, that时,疑问部分的主语多用it;陈述部分的主

语是these, those时,疑问

部分的主语多用they。

This is a dictionary, isn?t it?

Those are shelves, aren?t they?

(4)陈述部分是"there be"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。

There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?

There will not be any trouble, will there?

(5)陈述句中含有not, no, hardly, neither, never, few, little, too…to等否定词或具有否定意义的词时,疑问部分常用肯定形式。如:

Few people knew the news, did they?

Tom has never been to England, has he?

(6)如果陈述句的主语是something, nothing, anything, everything 等不定代词时,反意疑问部分的主语多用it。

(7)如果主语是l?m,后反意部分用aren?t l

l? m late , aren?t l?

Attention:

简短问句的否定形式,要用缩写形式,不能出现not,主语要用人称代词不

能用名词.

Her mother is a doctor , isn…t she?

There is a book on the desk, isn't there?

Fill in the blanks:

1、①The boy is Japanese, ______he?

②The book isn't interesting, ______ it?

③He knows a lot about English names, ______ he?

④The girl doesn't like apples, ______ she?

⑤There are two birds in the tree, ______ there?

⑥The man came to China last month, ______ he?

2、(1)You?re a farmer, _______ ________?

(2)The weather isn?t fine, ___________?

(3)Kate came here last month, _____ ______?

(4)I don?t think Tom is at home, __________?

(5)There weren?t enough nuts, _____ _____?

(6)There?s a pen in the pencil-box, ____ _____?

(7)The man had bread for lunch, ______ ____?

(8)Mary can speak little English , _____ ______?

(9)Nothing is wrong with the watch, ____ _____?

四. 由what, how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别

感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊异等感情的句子。句末用感叹号“!”,读时用降调,感叹句往往由what或how引导,what修饰名词,how修饰形容

词,副词或动词。

1. what引导的感叹句:

(1)what + a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)

What a beautiful city it is!

What an interesting story she told!

(2)what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)

What expensive watches they are!

What terrible weather it is!

2.How引导的感叹句:

(1)How+形容词/副词+陈述句(主语+谓语)

How cold it is!

How hard he works!

(2)How+陈述句(主语+谓语)

How he loves his son!

How I miss you!

(3)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)

How tall a tree it is!

(4)上述两种感叹句可以互相转换。例如:

What a clever boy he is!→How clever the boy is!

What a cold day it is!→How cold it is!

【实例解析】

1. (上海徐汇区中考试题)

_________ useful computer it is!

A. What

B. What a

C. What an

D. How

2. (嘉兴市中考试题)

---________ is it from Jiaxing to Hangzhou?

---I?m not sure, but it takes about ninety minutes to get there by bus.

A. How many

B. How often

C. How much

D. How far

3. (河北省中考试题)

---_______ will it take us to get there by bus?

---About two hours.

A. How soon

B. How often

C. How long

D. How quick

4. (长沙市中考试题)

---Help! There is a snake near the house.

---________ afraid. It will go away later.

A. Don?t

B. Not

C. Don?t be

D. Be

【中考演练】

一. 单项填空

1. ---Excuse me, _______ is the nearest bookshop?

---Go down the street and turn left at the second corner.

A. how

B. what

C. where

D. who

2. ---______ is it from our school to the Bell Tower?

---About half an hour?s bus ride. Shall we go and visit it?

A. How long

B. How often

C. How far

D. How much

3. ---Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning, _______?

---No. She got up too late.

A. had she

B. hadn?t she

C. did she

D. didn?t she

4. ---The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?

---Of course.

A. Will

B. Would

C. Do

D. Shall

5. ---__________, sir?

---Size 41, I think

A. What size do you need

B. What can I do for you

C. How do you like this shirt

D. What?s the matter with you

6. ---_______ good weather! Why not go out for a walk?

A. What

B. How

C. What a

D. How a

7. ---It?s a nice car. ______ have you been in it?

---Just to Shanghai.

A. How much

B. How long

C. How soon

D. How far

8. ---_______ to the United States?

---No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.

A. Have you been

B. Have you gone

C. Did you go

D. Will you go

9. ---_______ were you away from school last year?

---About two weeks.

A. How often

B. How soon

C. How long

D. When

10. ---______ do you want?

---I want a CD of popular songs.

A. Which CD

B. How many CDs

C. What CD

D. How much

11. _______ is your mother, a teacher or a doctor?

A. What

B. Which

C. Who

D. whose

12. ---______ is your mother today, Jim?

---She is much better.

A. How

B. What

C. Where

D. How old

13. ---______he ______ at this school last term?

---Yes, I think so.

A. Did…study

B. Does…study

C. Was…study

D. Did…studied

14. ---_______ did you begin to learn English?

---Three years ago.

A. When

B. Why

C. Where

D. What

15. ---________ do you write to your pen-friend?

---Once a week.

A. How long

B. How soon

C. How far

D. How often

16. _______ nice flowers! Where did you pick them?

A. How

B. What

C. What a

D. How a

17. The sick man?s allowed to take a walk in the garden every day,

_______?

A. is he

B. isn?t he

C. has he

D. hasn?t he

18. ______ cross the road before the traffic lights turn green.

A. Not

B. Won?t

C. Don?t

D. Doesn?t

19. He found nothing in the room, _________?

A. doesn?t he

B. does he

C. didn?t he

D. did he

20. You haven?t changed your mind, ________?

A. do you

B. are you

C. have you

D. did you

二. 句型转换(按要求改写下列句子)

1. Bruce bought a dictionary yesterday. (改为否定句)

Bruce ________ ________ a dictionary yesterday.

2. Mr. Smith does morning exercises every day. (改为一般疑问句)

________ Mr. Smith ______ morning exercises every day?

3. Allan will go back to England by plane next month. (就划线部分提问)

________ _______ Allan go back to England next month?

4. There are some apples on the table. (改为否定句)

There _______ _______ apples on the table.

5. When she sees you, she will tell you the news(就划线部分提问)

_______ ______ she tell you the news?

6. Uncle Wang likes making things. (改写为否定句)

Uncle Wang _______ _______ making things.

7. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday. (改为一般疑问句)

________ Ann _______ the book to the library yesterday?

8. Our city is very beautiful. (改为感叹句)

_______ _______ our city is!

9. He has worked in this school for five years. (就划线部分提问)

_______ _______ has he worked in this school?

10. Both of them are my best friends. (改为否定句)

_______ of them _______ my best friend.

11. They are happy to see each other. (改为感叹句)

_______ ______ they are to see each other!

12. The exam begins at nine. (改为一般疑问句)

________ the exam _______ at nine?

13. He was playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon. (就划线部分提

问)

______ ______ he ______ at four yesterday afternoon?

14. He had nothing for breakfast. (改为反意疑问句)

He had nothing for breakfast ______ _______?

15. She doesn?t thin k I can surf on the Internet. (改反意疑问句)

She doesn?t think I can surf on the Internet, _______ _______?

16. He?s put the tree in the hole? (改为一般疑问句)

______ he ______ the tree in the hole?

17. How useful the book is! (改为陈述句)

It is ______ ______ useful book.

18. The population of Australia is about 19,500,000. (就划线部分提问)

_______ ______ population of Australia?

19. The meeting will start in ten minutes. (就划线部分提问)

_______ ______ will the meeting start?

20. Don?t tell him to come to my office. (改为肯定的祈使句)

______ ______ to come to my office.

英语句子结构分析报告讲解

定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分; 主要成分:主语和谓语 次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday . 主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语 ㈠主语(subject) 句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词) Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式) Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词) What he has said is true. (句子) 找出下列句中的主语:1、The sun rises in the east. 2、Twenty years is a short time in history. 3、The poor are now living in the shelter. 4、Seeing is believing. 5、To see is to believe. 6、He likes dancing.

7、What he needs is a book. 8、It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. ㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. (三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语Show your passport, please. (名词) She didn't say anything. (代词) How many do you want? - I want two. (数词) They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词) They asked to see my passport. (不定式) I enjoy working with you. (动名词) Did you write down what he said? (句子)

英语句子基本结构成分类型

英语句子基本结构 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: S十V主谓结构 S十V十F主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾 语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾 语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下: 1.S十V句式 在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: He runs quickly.他跑得快。 They listened carefully.他们听得很仔细。 He suffered from cold and hunger.他挨冻受饿。 China belongs to the third world country.中国属于第三世界国家。 The gas has given out.煤气用完了。 My ink has run out.我的钢笔水用完了。 2.S十V十P句式 在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: He is older than he looks.他比看上去要老。 He seen interested in the book.他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。 The desk feels hard.书桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice.饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nicc.花闻起来香甜。 You have grown taller than before.你长得比以前高了。 He has suddenly fallen ill.他突然病倒了。 He stood quite still.他静静地站看。 He becomes a teacher when he grew up.他长大后当了教师。 He could never turn traitor to his country.他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: He looked me up and down.他上下打量我。 He reached his hand to feel the elephant.他伸出手来摸象。 They are tasting the fish.他们在品尝鱼。 They grow rice in their home town.他们在家乡种水稻。 He's got a chair to sit on.他有椅子坐。

(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解: (一)句子成分 1.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 找出下列句中的主语: Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词) Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式) Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)What he has said is true. (句子) 2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

英语句子结构分析

英语句子结构分析 来源:中文翻译英文作者:翻译器时间:2012-07-06 (https://www.doczj.com/doc/082631936.html,/kouyutingli/yulekouyu/20120706-11216.html) 英语句子结构分析 The English sentence structure analysis 英语句子分为简单句和复合句。所谓的简单句,就是一个句子中只包含一个主谓结构的句子。复合句又分成并列句和复杂句,下面我们分别对这三种情况加以简要的分析。 The English sentence is divided into simple sentences and complex sentences. The so-called simple sentence, is a sentence containing only a subject-predicate sentence structure. Complex sentences into compound sentences and complex sentences, we have the following the three cases tries brief analysis. 1、简单句 In 1, the simple sentence 简单句,即只有一个主谓结构的句子。除了特殊情况,英语句子中都有主语、谓语(或表语),有时候还有宾语;而且除了倒装句等特殊句型,一般情况下,主语、谓语、宾语的先后顺序是固定的,不可能宾语跑到谓语前面,或者谓语跑到主语前面。目前很多语法书都把英语的简单句归纳为五种基本句型。实际上,英语简单句还可以简化为三种形式: A simple sentence, i.e. only a subject-predicate sentence structure. Except in special cases, the English sentence has a subject, the predicate ( or a ), sometimes the object; in addition to a special sentence pattern, under normal circumstances, subject, predicate, object order is fixed, can not be the object to the predicate or predicate to the front, ahead of subject. At present a lot of grammar books are English simple sentence is classified into five basic sentence patterns. In fact, English simple sentences can be simplified into three forms: 主语+ 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语;I hate grammar. Subject + verb ( transitive verb + object ); I hate grammar. 主语+ 谓语(不及物动词); Grammar sucks. Subject + verb ( transitive verb ); Grammar sucks. 主语+ 系动词+ 表语Grammar is hell. Subject + Verb + / Grammar is hell. 所以,我们在阅读句子的时候,不管句子有多长,不管是并列句还是复合句,都必须首先分清各句中的主语、谓语(或表语),有的句子中还包括宾语。因为主语、谓语、宾语中英语句子的主干,抓住了句子的主干,句子的基本意思就清楚了。 Therefore, we read the sentence, no matter how long sentence, whether a compound or a complex sentence, must first distinguish the subject of a sentence, the predicate ( or a ), some sentences are also included in the object. Because the subject, object, predicate in English sentence trunk, captures the sentence trunk, basic sentence meaning clear. 2、并列句 In 2, the compound sentence 并列句就是两个或以上的简单句,由表示并列关系的连词或标点符号连接而成。常见的连词:and, not only...but also, neither...nor... or, either...or... otherwise,but, yet, while, so, for等。阅读中遇到并列关系的句子,一般情况下是以连词为界限,将句子分成前、后几个部分,并分别来分析,各句的意思一般可

英语句子结构详解(精华)

第一章简单句 一、简单句(simple sentence):是基础句型,只有包含一个主谓结构,而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。 有五种基本结构:“主语+谓语(SV)”、“主语+谓语+主语补语(SVC)”、“主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)”、“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语(SVOO)”、“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语(SVOC)”等五种基本结构。其他各种句子基本上由此五种句型缩略或扩展而成。 1、“主语+谓语(SV)”结构,简称为主谓结构,谓语是不及物动词。此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等,如: (1)、Day│ broke. 天亮了 (2)、Things │change.事物是变化的。 (3)、The moon│rose.月亮升起来了。 (4)、They│are running very slowly. 他们跑得很慢 2、“主语+谓语+主语补语(SVC)”结构,简称为主谓补结构。 “主语+连系动词+表语(SLP)”句型实际上也是一种主、谓、主补结构,此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用,其它系动词仍保持其部分词义如: (5)、He │died│ young. 他年轻时就死了。 (6)、John │was│ cast as Hamlet. 约翰扮演哈姆雷特 (7)、This│is│an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 (8)、The dinner│smells│good.午餐的气味很好。 3、“主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)”结构,可简称为主、谓、宾结构,其谓语一般是及物动词,宾语多是直接宾语。此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词 (9)、Who│knows│the answer? 谁知道答案?

英语句子成分和英语句子结构

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练 习 主语(subject ):句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名词) Tvventy years is a short time in history.(数词) To see is to believe ? (不定式) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It 形式主语,主语从句是真正主 语) 谓语(predicate ):说明主语的动作、状态和特 征。 表语(predicative ):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 Seventy-four! You don' t look it.(代词) Five and five is ten.(数词) He is asleep.(形容词) His father is in. (副词) The picture is on the wall. (介词短语) My v/atch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词) To v/ear a flower is to say " I' m poor, I can' t buy a ring.(不;卫式) The question is v/hether they vnll come. (表语从句) 常见的系动词有: be, sound (听起来),look (看起来),feel (摸起来,smell (闻起来),taste (尝、吃起来), remain (保持,仍是),feel (感觉)??? 宾语: 1) 动作的承受者动宾 I like China.(名词) He hates you.(代词) How many do you need? We need two ?(数词) We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动需词) I hope to see you again.(不立式) Did you write dov/n v/hat he said?(宾语从句) 2) 介词后的名词、代词和动名词…介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks ? 3) 双宾语…-间宾(指人)和直宾(指物) He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. (名词) We all think it a pity that she didn' t come here.(名) We will make them happy.(形容词)We found nobody in.(副词) We study English. He is asleep. He likes dancing. Seeing is believing ? What he needs is a book. (代词) (动名词) (主语从 He is a teacher. (名词) It sou nds a good idea ? Her voice sounds sweet ? The food smells delicious. The door remains open. The sou nd sounds stra nge. Tbm looks thin. The food tastes good ? Nov/1 feel tired.

英语句子成分及结构专题

一、句子成分(M e m b e r s o f a S e n t e n c e) 英语的句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补)除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”、“同位语”和“独立成分”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语的一部分。独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系,能用作独立成分的有:感叹词、呼语和插入语。 1.主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。可以作主语的词性或语法结构有:①名词②代词③数词④名词化的形容词(如the rich)⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦主语从句等表示。例如:Tom is a clever boy.(专有名词人名作主语) 画出句子的主语,并说明其构成方式: ①During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. ②We often speak English in class. ③One-third of the students in this class are girls. ④To swim in the river is a great pleasure. ⑤Smoking does harm to the health. ⑥The rich should help the poor. ⑦When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. ⑧It is necessary to master a foreign language. ⑨That he isn’t a t home is not true. 正确运用主语的各种形式 2.谓语:谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:

英语句子成分分析大全

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英语句子结构和成分详解

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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 简单句的五个基本句型 主语+不及物动词She came.. 主语+及物动词+宾语She likes English. 主语+系动词+主语补语 She is happy. 主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 She gave John a book. She bought a book for me. 主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语 She makes her mother angry. The teacher asked me to read the passage. (There +be There lies a book on the desk. 主谓宾 名/代--动词--名/代 we-- saw --you. we-- did --the work. 主系表 名/代-系动词-形容次/名词/代词 you are beautiful you seems worried. you are a stufent. 相同点都三部分,主语也一样.不同动词和系动词,时态一样,否定式不同.动词加助动词,系动词不用.表语可以是形容词,宾语不行.只有宾语有补足语 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种: 主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。 如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。 如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。 如:He works hard .(他工作努力)

英语句子成分讲解

句子结构成份讲解及练习题 主语:就是一个句子述的对象,或是动作的执行者。它回答的是“谁”“什么”的问题。如:我看书。谁看书? “我”。“我”就是这句子的主语。主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当。(如动词不定式,动名词,代词都可作主语,主语从句)主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 谓语:说明主语是什么,干什么,怎么样。它回答的是主语“干什么,是什么”的问题。如上句中主语“我” 干什么?“看书”。“看书”就是谓语。一个句子,一般都可分成主、谓两大部分(祈使句是省主句)。再细分又可分成谓语(动词)、宾语,表语,补语(包括宾补和主补),定语,状语,同位语等。如第一例中谓语部分可划分成谓语(看)和宾语(书)。谓语部分中心词一定要是一个动词,要么是行为动词,要么是系动词,不同的动词构成不同的句子类型。句子的各种时态、人称和数的变化都在谓语动词上变。谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。We study English. He is asleep. 宾语:指谓语动词所涉及的对象,由名、代、数,宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当,但人称代词要用 宾格。如:还说上例。谓语动词是“看”,看什么?看“书”,“书”是动词“看”所涉及的对象,是“看”的宾语。需要说明的是:只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语。宾语:1)动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词) How many do you need? We need two. (数词) We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词) I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句) 2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物) He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 表语:是和系动词紧密相连的。在述句中系动词后面的就是表语,这就是“主系表”结构。作表语的也是 名词性的词,也可以是从句。表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teacher. (名词)Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词) His father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词) To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. (不定式) The question is whether they will come. (表语从句) (常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)... It sounds a good idea. It sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.

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