上海海事大学外国语学院
院系航运英语
专业年级英航121
学生姓名严明
学号 201210811032
指导教师陈书鹏
二○一四年六月
The study on the translation of Chinese PSA culture from the Functional Skopos Translational Theory
严明201210811032 英航121
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract (2)
1.The definition and importance of PSA (2)
2. The problems and cultural difference in the translation of Chinese PSA (2)
2.1 The problems in the translation of PSA (3)
2.1.1 Word-for-Word Duplication (3)
2.1.2 Wrong choice of words (3)
2.1.3 Syntax error (4)
2.2 The cultural difference between Chinese PSA Slogan and Western PSA Slogan (4)
2.2.1 The difference of word meaning (4)
2.2.2 The difference of cultural value (5)
3. the Functional Skopos Translational Theory (5)
4. Means of translation (6)
4.1 word-for-word translation (6)
4.2 corresponding translation (6)
4.3 simplify information (7)
5.Conclusion (8)
Bibliography (8)
Abstract
Nowadays, the economic globalization and technology have become the changing trend of the world. The international communication becomes more and more frequent with the deepening of the international division of labor and the strengthening of economic integrations in the world. China, as a member of the WTO, has established a closer relationship with other countries. PSA has become a very important means and a necessary tool for sending information, promoting social responsibility, raising international image. Therefore, the translation of PSA has become more and more important.
PSA is a practical text type with high publicity value. How to translate PSA to make them easy to understand? How to translate PSA to set up a good image in cross-cultural communication? It?s a urgent problem for us to solve. The translation of Chinese PSA into English isn?t mature and need to be developed .
This paper is mainly to introduce some translation phenomenon in Chinese PSA slogans and provide suggestions and advice in this respect, such as, word-for-word translation, corresponding translation, simplify information .
Keywords: PSA; language characteristics; text type; cultural difference;the Functional Skopos Translational Theory; word-for-word translation; corresponding translation; simplify information.
1.The definition and importance of PSA
The definition of PSA can be summarized as, an announcement for which no commercial charge, is sponsored by the non-profit agency, government or individual. It provides the message, such as, culture, assistance , public health and so on. Its goal is to spread the positive mind for public and guide them to follow.
Therefore, it plays a significant role in the society. It calls for some actions beneficial to society，to persuade a viewer to take a specific action or adopt a particular viewpoint on a cause or social issue, such as the prevention of an unhealthy practice. It enhances the public moral accomplishment. In a word ,PSA culture is of great social significance.
2. The problems and cultural difference in the translation of Chinese PSA
With the acceleration of globalization process, Chinese PSA is growing at high speed. Accordingly, PSA translation has become an increasingly significant part of cultural communication. A well-translated PSA will help attract readers and inspire their enthusiasm to act; while an improperly translated PSA sometimes will bring negative effects. Nowadays, we can find a lot of well translated PSA, but we should also be aware of some problems in PSA translation. Various kinds of mistakes inevitably occur. One major kind of translation errors are generally caused by cultural differences. On account of differences in culture, traditions and languages between Chinese and English, there are different ways and customs of expressing.
2.1 The problems in the translation of PSA
One of the problems often found in the present stage of translation is Chinglish. Chinglish makes PSA translation ineffective and far from satisfactory. It fails to deliver the real message to foreign readers.
2.1.1 Word-for-Word Duplication
Word-for-word translation is the easiest job for translators. It is not suitable for all the PSA translation. As we know, because of the difference between Chinese and Western culture, not all of the words can be translated. In most cases, word-for-word duplication will inevitably lead to misunderstanding.
For example, “小草有生命，足下多留心”
False Translation: Little grass on earth have lives, little feet of ours have hearts. This translation obviously mixes with Chinese and English in a confusing manner.
“ 爱我,追我,千万别吻我.”
False Translation: “Love me, run after me, but mustn?t kiss me!”
The Chinese original is in fact a warning about safety driving. Here, “吻”means “to hit, strike, run into another car.” So the proper translation should be “Wish you safe and sound in your driving.”2.1.2 Wrong choice of words
Sometimes, we can see some words adopted improperly in the translation for some PSA slogans.
For example, “珍惜粮食是一种美德.”
False Translation: Treasuring the food is a good virtue. The
word “treasure” means “to have or keep something that you love and that is extremely valuable to you”. According the meaning of the source text, the correct translation should be “Saving on food is a good virtue”.
“保护环境，造福子孙后代。”
False Translation: “Environment protection n benefits our offspring.”
The word “offspring” are often used in a very formal situation. It?s better to use a more appropriate version such as, “Leave a clean environment to our children.”
2.1.3 Syntax error
Many of the low translations are simply incorrect grammatically. The following are cases in point.
For example , “争做可爱的上海人.”
False Translation: Be a lovely people of Shanghai. The phrase “a people” here is wrongly used in the translation. The word “lovely” is not proper her. It can be replaced by “Be nice in a nice city”.
In addition, we can understand it better from some slogan on highway in Hebei province.
“严禁疲劳驾驶。”
False translation, “Do not drive fatigue.” We can change it into “No fatigue driving.”
“ 雨雪天，过桥时请减速行使.”
False Translation: “Rain or snow day, Bridge, slow-driving.” We can alter it into “Slow down when driving on the bridge during rain or snow.”
2.2 The cultural difference between Chinese PSA Slogan and Western PSA Slogan
The differences of historical conditions, geographic locations, natural condition and social reality formed cultures of unique characteristics and styles Language, as the carrier of culture, represents the thoughts, cultural characteristic and national emotion of the people who use it. Different languages are restricted by different cultures.
2.2.1 The difference of word meaning
The most obvious obstacle in cross-cultural communication is the
difference of word meaning, so good understanding of the characteristics of the country where PSA spreads is the basis. So words must also be analyzed for its cultural suitability.
For example,“龙的传人你我他，文明新风靠大家”. The translation of the word “龙”is a gre at challenge to the translator. Because “龙” in Chinese culture means that opulence, happiness and good power, it is an auspicious symbol. While in western culture, “dragon” is a mythical monster with wings, claws and fire, and is often associated with evil.
So it is wrong to translate “龙”as “dragon”in English, and it is also wrong to translate “dragon”as “龙”in Chinese.
2.2.2 The difference of cultural value
It is believed that the most best PSA translation are those that best express cultural values. It shows the significance of cultural value.
For example, “严禁酗酒”.
The false translation, “Don?t drink alc o hol.” We sh ould translate it into “No alcohol.” Why?What cause it? The great difference these two sentence is the tone. The former is gentle, while the latter is more serious. The root is the difference of cultural value. In this aspect ,the cultural difference mainly represents in the orientation of individualism and collectivism.
3. the Functional Skopos Translational Theory
3.1 Definition
Skopos theory is a concept from the field of translation studies. It provides an insight into the nature of translation as a purposeful activity, which is directly applicable to every translation project.
It was established by the German linguist Hans Vermeer and comprises the idea that translating and interpreting should primarily take into account the function of both the source and target text.
3.2 Aim and audience
Skopos theory focuses on translation as an activity with an aim or purpose, and on the intended addressee or audience of the translation. To translate means to produce a target text in a target setting for a target purpose and target addressees in target circumstances. In Skopos
theory, the status of the source text is lower than it is in equivalence-based theories of translation. The source is an "offer of information", which the translator turns into an "offer of information" for the target audience.[
Paul Kussmaul writes about this theory: "the functional approach has a great affinity with Skopos theory. The function of a translation is dependent on the knowledge, expectations, values and norms of the target readers, who are again influenced by the situation they are in and by the culture. These factors determine whether the function of the source text or passages in the source text can be preserved or have to be modified or even changed.
4. Means of translation
PSA should be treated as an art, which requires careful study and consideration . PSA translation is a process of reproducing not only meaning, but also style of the original. Translators? aesthetic values will jointly influence the effects of PSA translation. Translators should choose different approaches flexibly in the process to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for the target language readers to achieve the best aesthetic effects and attract more readers.
4.1 word-for-word translation
While Chinese and English belongs to two different language system ,there are also some similarity between them. So if you can reserve the present image and solve the obstacle of misunderstanding in the process of translation, you can use word-for-word translation.
For example ,a PSA slogan in a tourist destination in Fujian,“我的盛开需要你的关爱。” You can translate it directly into “Luxuriant flowers need your care.”While we use “花团锦簇” to instead “盛开” ,this sentence reserve its structure and meanin g in generally. So it?s also a perfect translation.
A slogan, “ 节约用水就是珍惜生命。”
False translation, “Using water stintingly is cherishing life.” This version is also word-for-word translation. But its word application is out of step with English idiomatic expression. So it should be “To save water is save life.”
4.2 corresponding translation
“Corresponding translation” is using the acquainted structure in the target language to translate the original text which contains proverbs, lyrics, poems, saying and so on. Using corresponding translation can get closer to the readers, make more people receive and acquire it.
For example,“爱心传递你我，文明就在身边。”It? s a slogan in the 2008 Beijing Olympic game?s PSA. It is intended to propose public to establish a Harmonious society that is civilized ,filled with loving heart, also present China?s national image. So translator can adopt “corresponding translation” to strengthen the cultural and educational exchanges. My translation is “Where there is a love ,there is a virtue”, it applies the saying “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
In addition, another PSA in CCTV,“让世界倾听我们的声音。”It applies one sentence in the 2004 Olympic game?s Theme music “Pass the flame”, “Let our voice be heard.” The translation should be “Let our voice be heard in the world.”
4.3 simplify information
In Chinese PSA, many advertisement designers use beautiful poems to communicate the aesthetic feeling of advertising. But if the translator adopted “word-for-word translation” in the translation of this type of advertising, it may easily weaken the Chinese language?s intrinsic beauty, and weaken the target text?s acceptability. Owing to the original language lose efficacy in the new environment, the translation not always go after to coincide with the original text meaning highly. In the Chinese-english advertising translation, translator face two completely different expression ways, so you should beyond the original texting, accept or reject the information, to solve the understanding obstacle the target language?s readers may meet.
For example, a slogan，“手下留情花自香，脚下留意草如茵。”
False translation, “Let flowers staying on twigs they will give off fragrance longer, and let the grass untrod it will grow greener.” In this version, besides grammar error and spelling error, it also has obvious translation problem. Considering that clear and concise ,we should translate it into “Keep away from grass and flowers, please.” Or “Take care of grass and flowers, please.”
What …s more, “一花一草皆生命，一枝一叶总关情。”
False translation, “Alive as all living things each flower and leaf of grass require our careness.”
I believe its proper translation is “Please give me a chance to
grow.” Or “Grass and flowers so fair, they need your care.”
5.Conclusion
PSA translation is a science as well as an art．This paper gives a brief introduction to the definition and importance of PSA in China. It also discusses the cultural factors that influence the translation of PSA and problems found in its translation. It attempts to find an effective way to translate PSA.
To achieve the target of effective translation, we should take a full consideration of the cultural factors between source language and target language, and use proper translation means, such as , word-for-word translation, corresponding translation, simplify information to make translation accord with the reader?s comprehension as far as possible you can.
In conclusion, it should also be mentioned that translation of PSA slogans constitutes an interesting and challenging process. Great progress has been made on the subject and many witty and resourceful versions have been created, but still more thorough researches are needed to face the challenge of more economic and cultural exchanges between different cultures.
Bibliography
陈燕红文化视角中汉英公益广告的翻译策略；
金海兵试谈公益广告标语及其翻译；
李镇公益广告语翻译；
英语中汉译英的特点及翻译方法[J]. 科技信息. 2012(20)
商务英语翻译试题(二)试卷及答案-2
商务英语翻译试题（二） Ⅰ词汇测试题：（2题，每题10分，共20分） 1．该组有10个商务英语英文词或词组，下面均有英文词或词组来进行解释。请将正确的选项标出，要求英英转换意义准确，符合商务英语规范。（10分） (1) promote A. to encourage the popularity, sale or development B. to change or vary C. to act as judge in an argument D. to speak or write to someone (2) to address A. to speak or write to someone, or to direct information at someone. B. to offer, supply C. to stipulate D. to come up with ideas (3) to indemnify A. to pay for the damage B. to state something officially C. to suggest an idea D. to use something instead of another (4) to cancel an order A. to confirm an order B. to deliver a letter C. to recommend a candidate D. to make void or of no effect (5) ceiling A. upper limit B. cancellation C. bottom D. the lowest point (6) tide over A. to help sb. during a period of difficulty B. to spend a lot of time doing C. to tie to sth. D. to try one’s best (7) carry out A. to take away B. to perform or complete C. to give or offer something D. to suggest an idea (8) to complicate A. to finish something B. to be dissatisfied with something C. to make something more difficult to deal with D. to compare with something (9) to put on an event A. to come up with ideas B. to come on for sth. 2
1 你什么时候要货呢？When do you want the goods? 2 货送到哪里去？Where shall we deliver the goods? 3 有没有送货地点的名片？Do you have card of delivery address. 4 你拿多点数量可以便宜点。We can lower the price, if you take more. 5 这个很便宜了，我都算批发价价格给你了。This is cheap, it is whole sale price. 6 先生（女士），等一下，我看最低能多少钱给你。 Wait a minute, Sir/ Madam, 7 这种款式没货了，这种质量和那种是一样的，价格也一样。 This style is out of stock. This one and that one are the same quality, same price. 8 还需要点别的什么东西吗？Do you want any others? 9 要好点的还是便宜的？Want goods products or cheap one? 10 你要多少米的？How long do you want? 11 算了，给你了。下次多点来关顾。OK, hope you can come again next time. 12 等一下，他去仓库拿货给你看。 Wait a minute. He is going to the warehouse to take the goods. 13 保修一年one year warranty 14 一年内是质量问题可以拿回来换。 If there is quality problem, take it back, we replace it. 15 我怎么联系你呢？How can I contact with you? 16 这个数量太少了。能不能订多点呢? Your order is too small, can you order more? 17 我有便宜点的。I have cheaper one. 18 这个一扎是50米。50 meters, a bundle 19 你要多大的？小一点的就便宜点。 What size do you want? The smaller, the cheaper. 20 拿这种就便宜点，一样大小的，牌子不同。 This one is cheaper, the same size, different brand. 21 这种款式要多少个？How many do you want of this style? 22 等一下，我上二楼拿给你。Wait a minute. I am going upstairs to take it. 23 不行，这个价格我们要亏本的。Sorry, for this price, we will lose money. 24 你还要多点吗？Do you want some more? 25 我们的仓库不远，很快就到了。Our warehouse is not far, we will arrive soon. 26 这么慢，来了没有？再不来我就走了。----很快就来了，再等三分钟。 We have been staying here for a long time. When will he come? If no, we will go. Wait more 3 minutes. 1 请问要多少卷？How many rolls do you want? 2 你的货是自己带走，还是要送? You want us to deliver goods or take by yourself? 3 是货到付款，还是现在支付？ Cash on delivery (COD), or on-site payment 4 如果要送货，运费由你出。 You should pay for the cost of delivery if you want. 5 你想要买什么电器？What electronic equipment do you want to buy? 6 这个款式很畅销。This style sells very well.
English Homework 1、我发现在办公室里坐了一天之后，晚上沿着静静的湖边散散步会令人神清气爽。 I find it refreshing to have a walk along the quiet lakeside after sitting in the office for a whole day. 2、锻炼和放松自己通常被认为是治疗疲劳症的有效方法。Exercise and relaxation are generally considered to be effective methods for the treatment of fatigue. 3、你的活动量很小，机体老化的过程就越快，你就越容易面临生理和心理方面的种种问题。 When you exercise little, the aging process of your body will accelerate, and you are vulnerable to physical and psychological problems. 4、即使你坚持节食，你也不可能减到你所希望的那种身材的程度。Even if you keep diet, you can not get thin to the figure that you want to be. 5、人们认为他有一个幸福的晚年，因为在这期间他除了睡觉、吃饭几乎什么事情都不做。但是他却常常感到疲倦和心情压抑。 People think he lived a happy senectitude, during which he did nothing else except sleeping and eating. But he often felt tired and depressed. 6、过去，人们用搓衣板洗衣服，用手捆干草，很少抱怨疲劳；而如
Translation Work 1 The evidence has gotten much stronger that a substance known as C-reactive protein may be every bit as important as cholesterol in the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease. Back in 2002, a thought-provoking study found that a blood test for C-reactive protein, called CRP, was actually better than the standard cholesterol test at predicting the risk of a heart attack or a stroke. Now two studies published in The New England Journal of Medicine have shown that drugs that reduce the levels of that protein in patients with severe heart disease can show the progression of atherosclerosis and prevent heart attacks and cardiac-related deaths. 更有力的证据证明一种被称作C反应蛋白的物质在诊断与治疗心脏疾病中有可能与胆固醇一样重要。早在2002年，人们在一个发人深省的研究中已发现血液C反应蛋白测试，即CRP，比胆固醇水平测试能更好地预测心脏病或中风的风险。现今，在《新英格兰医学期刊》中刊登的两则研究表明，用以减少患有严重心脏病的病人中的C反应蛋白水平的药物可以显示病者动脉粥样硬化的进展，并且该种药物还可以预防心脏病、降低因患与心脏相关疾病而死亡的风险。
商务英语翻译测试题及 答案 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]
I. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meanings of words italicized.(15%) 1. The above quoted are the articles in great demand, which have won a high reputation in various markets. 2. The articles in this agreement must not be modified and ended
without the agreement by the both parties. 3. However, the tariff should not be greater in amount than the margin of price caused by dumping. 4. As usual, the lion’s share of the budget is for defense. 5. He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom.
II. Translate the following sentences with extension.(15%) 1. There is a mixture of the tiger and ape in the character of Hitler. 2.China, which posted its highest growth rate in a decade, is Asia’s new star performer. 3. John took to his studies eagerly, and proved an adept pupil.
商务英语翻译技能等级考试英汉词汇表 （以英语字母顺序排序） 翻译员（五级）所要掌握的词汇为5 高级翻译员（四级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4 助理翻译师（三级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4+3 翻译师（二级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4+3+2 A 4 权力委托 5 旷工，旷职 2 绝对配额 3 绝对值 5 吸收，减轻（冲击、困难等）作用或影响 3 吸收游资 5 ; 摘要 2 承兑费 2 不记名承兑 3 承兑信用证 3 抽样认可 4 ; 承兑银行 4 进入市场（的机会） 5 意外事故 3 无法控制的意外事故 3 意外事故保险 4 意外损坏 4 设施；住宿；欠单 3 顺民意；合民情 5 会计帐目 4 账户结金 5 账本（账册、账簿） 3 客户经理（常指广告公司） 5 解释；说明 4 账目编号；账户号码 2 结欠清单 5 账户名称 5 会计工作；会计行业 5 会计 5 会计长 5 会计学 3 会计档案 5 往来帐目 2 账目不清
3 应付账 4 应收账 2 ; ; 应付费用 4 累计资本 3 资本积累 2 累计佣金 5 收购 5 行动计划 2 盘活基础设施存量资产 5 畅销 3 出口加工贸易 5 成交活跃的股票 3 ; 贸易顺差 5 业务类型 3 实际成本 4 实际交货 4 时价；实际价格；实价 4 实际全损 2 ( ) 从价税 3 ; 附加费用 4 额外投资 2 附加保险费 2 追加税 2 ; 防范和化解金融风险2 充分需求 4 核算 3 海损理算书 5 ; 实施，经营，行政 4 行政预算；管理预算 2 行政开支；办公费 4 行政保护 5 预付费用 2 a 预付定金 4 预计货样 5 预付工资 4 预收货款 4 规模经营优势 3 贸易逆差 5 公布；做广告 5 广告业 3 通知行 3 信用证转让通知 3 吁请团，游说团体
试卷号： ********学院20**学年度第1学期 期末考试试卷 考试年级 13.14.15 专业商务英语科目商务英语翻译出卷老师 ***** 试题号一二三四总分 得分 一请将下列合成词译成汉语:（1* 15=15） 1. free-spender 2. good--to—excellent care 3. office-bearer 4 . character-building 5 Bad news travels quickly. 6 knock-out system 7 marriage lines 8 nest egg 9 off-hour hobby 10 off-the-job training 11 on-the-job training 12 on-the-spot broadcasting 13 pension insurance
14 red-hot news 15 red-letter day 二下面的句子可采用增减词法来翻译,请写出具体的增词法或具体的减词法:（2*5=10）1.Rumors had already spread along the streets and lanes. 2. I could knit when I was seven. 3. The day when he was born remains unknown. 4.We live and learn. 5.Once you are in , you wouldn't be allowed to get out. 三写出下列每组分别属于何种合译：（2*5=10） 1．to and from here and there off and onup and down 2．often and often by and by men and men hours and hours 3．thick and thin within and without off and on fair or foul 4．forgive and forget now or never high and dry mend or end 5．bread and butter pick and steal odds and ends house and home 四. 按要求用所学过的翻译技巧翻译下例句子:（3*5=15） 1.我没注意到这一点.(用正译法) 2.你的工作令人满意.(用反译法) 3.我们不应该听闲话.(用正译法)
The road to Hell is paved with good intention好心办坏事 The spirit is willing, but the fresh is weak. 心有余而力不足 A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力老大徒伤悲. 爱莫能助be disobliging 活该to have it/that coming to sb. 遇到克星meet one’s waster Cats hide their claws. 知人而不知心 Grasp all. Lose all. 贪多必失 Two’s company，but three’s a crowed. 两人成伴，三人不欢背黑锅The whipping boy./ to carry the can 逼得走投无路to bring/ drive sb. to bay. 进退维谷to be caught between the Devil and deep blue sea. 出格step out of line No way is impossible to courage. 勇者无惧 The more wit, the less courage. 初生牛犊不怕虎 Nothing ventured nothing gained. 不入虎穴焉得虎子 认为…不在话下think nothing of doing sth. 采取主动take the initiative in doing sth. 激流勇进advance through the rapids.
Don’t hate the hand that fee ds you. 不要忘恩负义 Better be envied than pitied. 宁被人妒，不被人怜 To turn over a new leaf. 改过自新 吃不着葡萄说葡萄酸sour grapes 恨铁不成钢regret that one’s offspring does not live up to one’s expectations wish iron could turn into steel at once. 红颜易逝beauty fades likes a flower Care killed the cat. 忧愁伤身 To leave(sb) for behind/ in the dust 望尘莫及 Feast or famine 大起大落 To scratch one’s head/ rack one’s brain 冥思苦想 The fool wonders, the wise man asks. 愚人困惑，智者勤问 The squeaking wheel gets the oil. 无声无息，亦无所得 He who hesitates is lost. 犹豫不决错失良机 一头雾水To be in a complete fog/ to be puzzled and confused. 仁者见仁，智者见智To be all things to all men/people. 茅塞顿开click（to suddenly became clear or understand） Faith moves mountain. 精诚所至，金石为开 A friend is best found in adversity. 患难见真情
毕业设计（论文）英文翻译 课题名称 系 部 专 业 班 级 学 号 姓 名 指导教师 校内： 校外： 2012年4月5日
原文： CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER INTRUSION AND KINDS OF SECURITY BREACHES CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER INTRUSION AND KINDS OF SECURITY BREACHES 1．CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER INTRUSION The target of a crime involving computers may be any piece of the computing system．A computing system is a collection of hardware，software，storage media，data，and persons that an organization uses to do computing tasks．Whereas the obvious target of a bank robbery is cash，a list of names and addresses of depositors might be valuable to a competing bank．The list might be on paper，recorded on a magnetic medium，stored in internal computer memory，or transmitted electronically across a medium such as a telephone line．This multiplicity of targets makes computer security difficult．In any security system，the weakest point is the most serious vulnerability．A robber intent on stealing something from your house will not attempt to penetrate a two-inch thick metal door if a window gives easier access．A sophisticated perimeter physical security system does not compensate for unguarded access by means of a simple telephone line and a modem．The “weakest point” philosophy can be restated as the following principle．
一.翻译原则 1.忠实原则,即信息对等而不是语意对等 Eg.每年的两届交易会,把全国几乎所有的外贸公司和出口商品集中起来,统一到广州展出,成交,减少了我们到国外推销的支出,外商也可以只派少数人到会选购,不必花大人力到我各口岸寻找生意,节省了买卖双方的费用,深受国外经营各种商品的中小客商的欢迎. The biannual Guangzhou Fair is attended by almost all foreign trade companies in China and presents a great number of export commodities to buyers from abroad. Many transactions are concluded at the fair. As sellers and buyers can all gather in one place to conduct trade talks, the fair apparently saves them a great deal of time and money. This explains why the Guangzhou Fair has long been popular among overseas traders. 2. 准确原则---选词准确,概念表达准确,数码单位准确. 如: 保税区≠Free trade zone 保税仓库≠Tarriff-free warehouse Eg.客商从开发区企业分得的利润汇出境外时,免征所得税. Profits gained by the investors and businessmen from the Development Zone terprises will be exempted from tax when remitted out of China. Eg.如贵方能将尿素报价降至每吨1200美元,我们可以订购150至180吨. If you can reduce your price of Urea to 1,200 dollars per ton, we may consider placing an order of 150-180 tons. 3.统一原则 译名,概念,术语应始终保持统一,不能随意改变译名. 如:基本建设≠basic construction 基本价格≠basic price 4.文化融入 A.注意文化因素---了解中西方文化差异 1)思维方式的不同 中国文化重权威与历史,西方重现实与事实---偏实用. 中国文化重整体,西方偏分析性思维 2) 语言的不同 中国语言重修饰,偏笼统与含糊,西方语言重具体和准确. 谦辞在许多场合被采用,体现了中国文化背景下语用特征之一.
中文地址英语翻译示例 【字体：大中小】【日期：2005年01月11日来源：本站原创编辑：毛浩然点击数：】【关闭】 中文地址的排列顺序是由大到小，如：Ｘ国Ｘ省Ｘ市Ｘ区Ｘ路Ｘ号，而英文地址则刚好相反，是由小到大。如上例写成英文就是：Ｘ号，Ｘ路，Ｘ区，Ｘ市，Ｘ省，Ｘ国。掌握了这个原则，翻译起来就容易多了！ Ｘ室RoomＸ Ｘ号No.Ｘ Ｘ单元UnitＸ Ｘ号楼Building No.Ｘ Ｘ街ＸStreet Ｘ路ＸRoad Ｘ区ＸDistrict Ｘ县ＸCounty Ｘ镇ＸTown Ｘ市ＸCity Ｘ省ＸProvince 请注意：翻译人名、路名、街道名等，最好用拼音。 中文地址翻译范例： 宝山区示范新村37号403室 Room 403, No. 37, SiFang Residential Quarter, BaoShan District 虹口区西康南路125弄34号201室 Room 201, No. 34, Lane 125, XiKang Road(South), HongKou District 473004河南省南阳市中州路42号李有财 Li Youcai Room 42 Zhongzhou Road, Nanyang City Henan Prov. China 473004 434000湖北省荆州市红苑大酒店李有财 Li Youcai Hongyuan Hotel Jingzhou city Hubei Prov. China 434000 473000河南南阳市八一路272号特钢公司李有财 Li Youcai Special Steel Corp.
No. 272, Bayi Road, Nanyang City Henan Prov. China 473000 528400广东中山市东区亨达花园7栋702 李有财 Li Youcai Room 702, 7th Building Hengda Garden, East District Zhongshan, China 528400 361012福建省厦门市莲花五村龙昌里34号601室李有财 Li Youcai Room 601, No. 34 Long Chang Li Xiamen, Fujian, China 361012 361004厦门公交总公司承诺办李有财 Mr. Li Youcai Cheng Nuo Ban, Gong Jiao Zong Gong Si Xiamen, Fujian, China 361004 266042山东省青岛市开平路53号国棉四厂二宿舍1号楼2单元204户甲李有财Mr. Li Youcai NO. 204, A, Building NO. 1 The 2nd Dormitory of the NO. 4 State-owned Textile Factory 53 Kaiping Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China 266042
Unit 1 1.从你的简历和应聘申请书来看，你对营销工作已有相当多的经验。 I see from your résumé and application that you’ve had quite a lot of experience in marketing already. 2.如果你处在我的位置，你希望你的雇员应具备哪些素质？ If you were in my shoes, what sort of qualities you’d look for in your employees? 3.部门经理应该能够主动处理很多事情。 A department manager has to be able to do a lot of things on your own initiative. 4.作为秘书，我做过大量的文字工作，如拟写报告、作会议记录等，而且似乎我的记忆力比一般人强。As a secretary, I’ve had to do quite a lot of paper work, such as handling report writing, keeping minutes at meetings, and I seem to have a better memory than average. 5.从秘书的角度看，我认为和上司共享一个办公室更好，这样对她的上司不太有可能忘记告诉她一些重要的事情。 From the secretary’s point of view I think it’s better to share an office room with her boss so that there’s not much chance of her superior forgetting to let her know about important matters. 6.我工作过的那家公司是一家做营销和公共关系的公司，主要是为在中国投资的外国公司提供咨询。The company where I worked is a marketing and public relations company and they do consultant work for foreign companies investing in China. 7.我想在贵公司会有更多个人发展的机会，而且这里的工作对于我来说更具挑战性。 I feel that I would have more scope and opportunity for personal development in your company and that the work will be more challenging for me. 8.我主要的工作是协助经理安排访问、会议及介绍，并且替他处理信件。 What I basically do is to assist the manager by arranging visits, setting up meetings and presentations and to deal with his correspondence. 9.申请书和简历一样重要，因为申请书通常是申请者和雇主之间第一次直接的接触。 The application letter can be as important as the CV in that it often provides the first direct contact between an applicant and an employer. 10.有效的申请书能说明你对具体单位兴趣的原因，并且辨认出你最相关的技能或经历。 Effective application letters explain the reasons for your interest in the specific organization and identify your most relevant skills or experiences. Unit2 1.本公司创建于1978年，现在已经成为我国主要的厨房用具出口商之一。 Our company, established in 1978, has now become one of the leading exporters of kitchen appliances in our country. 2.我们在国内有十家专业子公司，在国外有六家常驻办事处。我们在国内还建立了二十多家合资公司。 We have 10 specialist subsidiaries at home and 6 permanent offices abroad. We’ve also set up more than 20 joint ventures in the home market. 3.我们是多元化企业，主要是经营国际贸易、国际运输、劳务输出、房地产等。 We are a diversified company dealing mainly in international trade, international transportation, labor export, real estate and so on. 4.我们从事纺织品经营已经有30多年，并与当地纺织品大厂家及分销商保持密切的联系。 We have been handling textiles for more than 30 years and maintain close contact with large manufacturers and distributors in our area. 5.为了迅速发展，我们组成了多元化战略联盟，使我们能扩大到新的市场领域。 In order to grow rapidly, we’ve formed a diversifying strategic alliance which allows us to expand onto new market areas. 6.我们的目标主要是本地市场，但是我们也在研究进入欧洲市场的可能性。 We mainly target local markets, but we are looking at the possibility of entering the European market. 7.我们公司的领导体系是这样的：首先是合伙人；其次，直接在合伙人之下的是三位合作伙伴，也就是，最上层是两位合伙人和直接在合伙人之下的三个合作伙伴。在合作伙伴之下，我们有高级工程师、初级工程师、绘图员等，一直往下至办公室的勤杂工。 The system of command of our company is that we have the partners, and then we have three associates immediately below the partners, that is, two partners at the top and three associates directly below them. And then below the associate we have senior engineers, junior engineers, drafts-person and so on and so forth, down to the office boy. 8.我们是新成立的公司，只有大约五年的历史。公司共有四十名员工，分布在四个办事处中。 We’re a young company, only about five years old. There are only about 40 people in the company, split amongst four offices. 9. 谈到进口在中国畅销的美国产品，我们作为一家在中国的美国公司，感到比其他公司更有优势。 As an American company in China we find we have an advantage over other companies when it comes to importing American products that are marketable here in China.
湖北省高等教育自学考试课程考试大纲 课程名称：商务英语翻译课程代码：05355 第一部分课程性质与目标 一、课程性质与特点 商务英语翻译是湖北省高等教育自学考试商务英语专业（专科）的一门专业基础课。该课程实践性强，注重专业知识，以课文的英译汉为主要内容，配以翻译理论和互译技巧的讲解，将英语学习与商务专业知识、英汉翻译理论与商务方面的实际应用等有机结合。本课程具备科学性，典型性，实用性，并紧扣全国国际商务专业技术资格考试中的规定的相关内容，理论联系实际，针对性强。 二、课程目标及基本要求 本课程较全面的涉及到了商务英语活动的各方面，讲解相关内容的翻译方法与技巧，增强翻译技能，通过大量全真的英汉互译的实例训练以达到提高本专业学生在专业英语及商务知识方面的翻译能力的目的。 通过本课程的学习，使学生能够全面、灵活地运用各种翻译方法和技巧，准确、完整地对各种商务英语体裁的文章进行翻译，达到商务英语专业大学专科的要求。 三、与本专业其他课程的关系 商务英语翻译课程的前期课程有综合英语（上）、商务英语听说、商务英语阅读、商务英语写作等课程，其后续课程是综合英语（下）、商务函电等课程，这些课程紧密联系，相辅相成。 第二部分考核内容与考核目标 第一单元 一、学习目的与要求 通过本单元的学习，使学生了解翻译的过程，翻译的形式及其目的；掌握《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的有关内容；对国际商务合同的术语翻译和解读。 二、考核知识点与考核目标 （一）翻译中的词类转换；翻译的形式（重点） 理解：词类转换： 1.英语名词转化为汉语动词 1)动物名词的转化 2)人体名词的转换 3)自然现象名词的转化 4)地点名词的转化 2.英语名词转为为汉语形容词、副词 应用：翻译的形式 (1)直译literal translation (2)意译free translation (3)活译dynamic equivalence translation
商务英语翻译答案版
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一.广告翻译 1.Wearing is believing. 百看不如一穿。 2.Different countries. Different languages. Different customs. One level of comfort worldwide. 国度不同。语言不同。风俗不同。舒适却全球相同。 3.We've hidden a garden full of vegetables where you'd never expect. In a pie. 在您永远意想不到的地方，我们珍藏着满园的蔬菜-----于一个馅饼之中. 4.The choice is yours. The honour is ours. 选择由你们作出。荣耀归我们所有。 5.Get the card that gets you the car. 拿到信用卡，汽车开回家。 6.Choose a pot like you choose a husband. 选择一款锅，有如选丈夫。 7.Everything is extraordinary. Everything tempts. 件件超凡脱俗，样样新颖诱人。 8.What can be imagined,can be realized. 只要有梦想，万事可成真。 9.We care to provide service above and beyond the call of duty. 殷勤有加，风雨无阻。
Page1 Product instructions Intelligent vibration rod Page 2 Contents Overview Button function description Charging note Indicator status Use safety and cleaning Interaction and environment Use flow chart Downloading client Connecting Bluetooth Registration information Adding friend Friend interaction Function modes Page 3 Overview Welcome to buy our adult entertainment products. To make you have a more comprehensive understanding of our products and experience the fun of intelligent interaction, we prepare this manual which describes functions and operations of vibrating rod products. Please read it before your use to ensure your interests and power. Thank you again for your support. Main parts of vibrating rod Vibrating part, heating end, main part of vibrating rod, control button, charging interface Button function description Starting button Temperature control button Mode control button Shut down button Page 4 Starting button: Function 1: start after pressing for 3 seconds Function 2: vibration intensity enhances when pressing in starting mode; Description: default intensity after starting is the weakest, vibration intensity has 10 levels. Temperature control button: Press the button one time- start heating function, press the button again: turn off heating function;