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2015年天津大学考博英语题型分析和备考指导一、招考介绍
从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难
度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读
博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，
另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。
二、联系导师
在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。
大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。
通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种：
（1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。
（2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。
(3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。不
可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题，可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。
总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事，关系只是占一部分，自己努力了就行，不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。
初次联系好导师后，一定要注意跟导师保持联系。每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况，交流一下科研方向，这很有必要。一方面让导师觉得你很想去跟他深造，另一方面显得你虔诚好学。
三、考博英语备考规划
1、考博英语的题型和分值设置
试题共分为五个部分：听力理解、选词填空、阅读理解、英汉翻译、写作。
1、听力理解
该部分测试考生听力理解的技能及对英语口语信息的短期记忆能力，考查考生判断对话场景、人物关系及身份；理解说话者的意图、观点或态度；理解话语要点和含义；获取具体信息；理解中心思想等方面的能力。考生听过一段对话后，回答所提问题，录音只放一遍。该部分共10小题，考生从每题给出的4个选项中，选出最佳答案。每小题1分，共10分。
2、选词填空
该部分考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素的掌握程度，包括词汇、短语和句子结构，以及对语段特征的辨识能力，如衔接与连贯等。此题中在一篇文章中留出10个空白，要求考生从所提供的15个词汇中选出最佳答案，使填空后的文章意义通顺、连贯，结构完整。该部分共10小题，每题1分，共10分。
3、阅读理解
A.该部分考查考生对书面英语的理解能力，其中包括理解具体信息，掌握文章大意，以及根据语境推断未知信息。该部分共3篇文章，每篇文章5个问题，考生从4个选项中选出最佳答案。每篇文章约600词左右，每题2分，共30分。
B.该部分为一篇文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有7~8段文字。考生根据文章内容选择合适的段落填入文章的空白处。该部分共5题，每题2分，共10分。
4.翻译
要求考生通过阅读600词左右的英语篇章（内容偏重科技），然后将有下划线的6-8个部分翻译成汉语。主要测试考生是否能从语篇的角度正确理解英语原句的意思，并能用准确、达意的汉语书面表达出来，共20分。
5、写作
该部分考查考生的书面表达能力。要求考生根据提示信息、所给题目或所提供的图或表格等，写出一篇说明或议论型短文；或根据提供的一篇文章写出其摘要。文章应主题明确，有逻辑性，语言规范，长度不少于200词，共20分。
文章来源于易贤网https://www.doczj.com/doc/042260108.html,/n547282c39.aspx
2、英语复习推荐用书：
育明考博教研部主编的《考博英语真题解析》，《考博词汇》在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售。
3、复习策略、答题技巧、经验分享
（1）词汇备考：
考博英语词汇量在7000—8000左右。部分院校，如社科院，对词汇量的要求会比较大，大约会达到10000以上。虽然不推荐盲目的扩大词汇量，但是足够的单词储备还是会对应试起到比较积极的作
用。根据自身的复习时间和实际需要，可以选择考研词汇、六级词汇、托福词汇、专八词汇、或者GRE词汇进行备考，推荐育明教育考博教研室主编的《考博英语系列教程—考博10000词》进行有针对性的词汇备考。
有很多人在学习英语的过程中，只注重了学习当时的记忆效果，孰不知要想做好学习的记忆工作，是要下一番工夫的。单纯的注重当时的记忆效果，而忽视了后期的保持和再认同样是达不到良好的效果的，于是就产生了记忆的牢固度问题。所以我们一直在向强调反复记忆单词，但是如何反复记忆却是一个复杂的工作。
记忆规律可以具体到我们每个人，因为我们的生理特点、生活经历不同，可能导致我们有不同的记忆习惯、记忆方式、记忆特点。如果与个人记忆特点相悖，记忆效果则会大打折扣。因此，我们要根据每个人的不同特点，寻找到属于自己的艾宾浩斯记忆遗忘曲线。
但是普遍的记忆规律是：在5分钟后重复一遍，30分钟后再重复一遍，12小时后，1天后，2天后，4天后，7天后，15天后重复记忆，就会记得很牢。
（2）完型备考：实用答题方法
A.无关词排除法：完型文章一般都有非常明确的中心主线，且整个文章很紧凑，就是紧紧围绕着中心主线展开。因此，理论上正确的选项一定是紧扣文章的主题和中心主线的。故而，一些看上去明显和文章主题和中心主线毫无关系的选项基本上可以排除在正确答案之外。
B.同现词对比法：完型文章由于常常有明确的中心主线，所以作者往往会使用一些重点词汇围绕着中心主线贯穿全文。同现实际上就是一组具有相同倾向性的词语，这些词语所表现的倾向性往往与中心主线中的导向一致，或者说这些同现词语的任务就是对文章的导向进行展开支持。因此，文章的整体导向这个已知线索可以成为解出这些同现词语的关键信息。
C.复现词对比法：复现是完型文章中词汇的另一种衔接手段，即表达相同意思的词汇在文章的不同地方出现。复现可以是相同的词重复出现，也可以是用不同的词表达相同的意思。复现的解题意义在于：如果判断出一个未知填空与上下文的那些已知词汇有复现关系，只要从选项中选出与那些词汇意义相同的就是正确答案。
D.关联词推断法：关联是完型文章中经常出现的一种结构，即将两个或两个以上的同类别词语，比如两个动词、两个形容词以连续排比的结构出现。在这种情况下，两个关联词汇在句子中的语法地位一样，且常常起一样的语法作用，之间又明显具有某种逻辑关系。关联的解题意义在于：出题人一般会将一个关联词语设置成已知信息，另一个是未知的，这样那个已知的词语便成为破解未知词语的关键线索。
F.时间关系解构法：完型文章中出现的时间信息一般都是非常有用的线索，因为只要通过分析这些时间线索就可以很快把握与这些时间线索联系在一起的信息之间的关系。
G.整体结构对照法：由于总分之间的基本关系是互相支持，互相印证的对照关系，而且总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开。当一些未知填空出现在总述句时，解出这些填空的相关联已知线索往往可以在与其对应的分述部分找到。
（3）阅读备考：阅读中各种题目的对策
在平时的积累方面，建议经常看看英文网站，看看英文杂志，比如Nature、Science就很不错，当然这只是英文泛读，用于增加英文阅读的兴趣及增加话题的广度。另外，还需要精读一些文章学习
其语言风格、语法结构、行文结构、主题思想等具体内容。这类文章可以选择考博真题中的阅读理解，也可以选择自己比较喜欢的一些英文美文，但是建议难度要与考博试题难度相当。
A.细节事实题----回到原文，找准出处。选项中符合一般常识，意义深刻富有哲理，属于普遍现象的往往是答案。
B.判断词汇和短语的意义题
内容全面、概括性强的一般为答案；与文章主题相近的一般是答案；与被考单词在含义上肤浅相近的一般不是答案。
C.推理判断题
合乎常理的选项一般是答案；选项措辞过于绝对化、找茬原文和对文中做字面解释的的一般不是答案。
D.主旨大意题
答案常在首尾段，出现频率高的词可能是蕴含中心思想的关键词；局部信息概括、概括范围过宽的都为错误选项。
E.观点态度题---看清楚态度的对象以及态度的主体。
作者的态度一般会在行文中体现，要关注形容词、副词；引语和实例也会映射作者的态度。
（4）翻译备考：翻译答题要求
A.英式思维拆分语法结构
在考博翻译中的大部分句子都是结构复杂的长难句，所以理清句子结构层次就显得至关重要。在翻译句子之前，先通读全句，注意一边读一边拆分句子的语法结构。例如：
例1Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
拆分句子：
1.句子的主干是：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry;
2.定语从句：which后面是一个定语从句，其先行词是social science;
3.方式状语：in the same reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned manner是方式状语。其中的reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned是并列定语，修饰manner;
4.定语从句：that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena是定语从句，其先行词是manner;
5.拆分后句子的总结构是：
Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry(主干)which seeks to study humans and their endeavors(定语从句)in the same reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned manner(方式状语)that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.(定语从句)
B.直译和意译
在考博英语翻译中，由于题材基本上是关于自然科学和社会科学的文章，所以我们遵循的方法是：能直译就直译，既能直译又能意译的以直译为主，不能直译的采用意译，一般情况下直译与意译相结合。
1.能直译就直译
例：In dealing with a challenge on such a scale,it is no exaggeration to say,"United we stand,divided we fall".(2006年真题)
译文：在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中，我们可以毫不夸张地说，“团结，我们就会站起来；分裂，我们就会倒下去”。
2.不宜直译就意译
例：The talk about raising taxes was a red flag to many voters。
译文：关于增税的谈论激怒了许多选民。
分析：原文表层信息--关于增税的谈论对选民来说是一面红旗(红旗对中文读者来说象征着革命)。
原文深层信息--a red flag是令人生气的事物，源于西班牙的斗牛民俗。斗牛场上，人们用红布来激怒牛。
3.直译与意译相结合
例：The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject.The world won't end if you don't pass a test.So don't worry excessively about a single test。
译文：考试的目的在于显示你对某一科目的掌握程度。一次考试不及格天是不会塌下来的。因此不必为一次考试过分担心。
另外，我们不能忽视词语词组的翻译应以适应上下文为主要标准。例如“work”，在考博翻译中往往不能翻译成“工作”，而要翻译成“研究工作”；作为名词，也不能翻译成“作品”，而应当翻译成“研究成果”。这是考博翻译的一些具体要求和得分点之所在。
C.英语简单句拉长变多长句
Interest in historical methods had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves(参考译文：人们对历史研究方法产生了兴趣，这与其说是因为外部对历史作为一门学问的有效性提出了挑战，还不如说是因为历史学家内部发生了争吵。)
英文原句是个典型的长句，由27个词组成，中间没有使用任何标点符号，完全靠语法结构使整个句子的意思化零为整：less through…and more from构成一个复杂的状语，修饰动词arisen。在中文翻译中，“产生兴趣”这一重要内容通过一个独立的句子表达，两个不同的原因则分别由不同的句子表达，整个句子被化整为零“…产生兴趣…，这与其说是因为…，还不如说是因为…”
（5）写作备考：经典句型推荐
写作句型一：
No one can deny the fact that a person’s education is the most important aspect of his life.没有人能否人这一事实:教育是人生最重要的一方面.
It goes without saying that…
写作句型二：
People equate（等同v.）success in life with the ability of operating computer.
人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论.
Equate success with one’s character
写作句型三：
According to a recent survey,four-million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.
依照最近的一项调查,每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟相关的疾病.
According to a recent research or investigation,…
写作句型四：
The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感.
The latest survey show that…
写作句型五：
No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.
没有一项发明象互联网同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评.
No other medium has received more attraction than internet.
写作句型六：
People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实.
People seem to fail to take into account the fact that the serious pollution is binging abour harm to people’s health.
写作句型七：
Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person’s physical fitness.
许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康.
Many English educators point out that one cannot improve his English level greatly in such a short period of time.
写作句型八：
Nowadays,many students always go into raptures(兴高采烈)at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin.Unfortunately,for most young people,it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.
（6）听力备考：
多听是提高听力的前题，但如何去听，如何获得准确的信息，则就不是多听听能解决的问题了。多听是增强语感，提高听力之本，若再加上正确的听力方法，掌握必要的技巧及对策，则可获得事半功倍的效果。
1、利用听录音前的时间，迅速地捕捉每个小题题干选项所提供的信息，预测短文或对话可能涉及到的内容，这样听录音材料时就有的放矢，有所侧重，提高答题的准确率。
2、克服犹豫不决的毛病，对自己有把握的试题应快速作答，对无把握的试题也要在所听信息的基础上排除错误选项，进行优化处理。不会作答的，立即暂时搁置，准备听新的题目。
3、目前听力测试中短文理解大部分是记叙文或讲话稿，所以听录音时重在听懂每句话的意思和内涵，注意捕捉文中所涉及的人物（who）、事件（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（why）、方式（how）、程度（how long，how soon，how much）、数字（how many／how much）、选择（which…）等，以便检查答案。
4、注意听短文的首句和首段，文章的开首和开首段，往往是对短文内容的概括，如讲话目的、主要内容、作者、论点、故事发生的时间、地点及事由等。
5、不管听什么材料，注意力一定要集中在整体内容的理解上，千万不能只停留在个别单词或单句上，听不清时马上放弃，不要强迫自己听清每一个词，要把重点放在听关键词即实词上，一边听一边把要点及回答问题的关键词记下来。
育明学校及育明考博简介
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2015考博QQ专业课群157460416
育明考博成立于2010年，是育明学校旗下的独立教学部门。由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学、复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考博辅导学校。
育明考博的创立者绝大多数是经过考试进入北京大学、清华大学等名校的，因此，创立者们能够准确的体会到“考博人”真正需要的帮助和指导是什么。另外创立者大都有丰富的授课经验，至今仍旧在不同的专业领域担任一线讲师，并形成了一个高水平的、稳定的考研专业课师资队伍，从而保证了授课的质量。
育明考博在创立之初就确立了“为广大学员提供最高性价比的课程、最详尽的资料、最具权威的考博信息和最贴心的关怀”的办学理念。近年来育明考博根植于育明学校深厚的高校资源，整合利用育明优秀学员的成功经验与一手资料，在考博辅导领域成绩斐然，每年都帮助上百位优秀学员实现博士理想。
育明考博优秀学员及成绩介绍
育明考博坚持“小班夯实基础”与“一对一重点攻克”相结合的教学思路，认真对每一位学员负责。针对每一位学员自身实际与报考院校的不同，在教学规划与授课方式上进行个性化的设置，推动每一位学员都能够在最短的时间内取得理论知识与应试技巧的最大提升。近几年育明考博的辅导课程取得了卓著的成绩，每年都有近百人进入北京各院校的重点学科，以下是关于几位优秀学员的介绍：
学员一
郭海龙：北京大学国际关系学院科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动专业博士（附本人照片）
简介：育明考博2014届优秀学员，硕士毕业于中共江苏省委党校。2014年7月报名进入育明考博辅导课程进行学习，所选课程为北大英语集训营与专业课一对一教学。经过7个月左右的系统学习顺利考入北大国关学院。（附课堂笔记及模拟考试试卷图片）
学员二
赵文娟：人民大学环境学院人口、资源与环境经济学专业博士（附本人照片）
简介：育明考博14届优秀学员，硕士毕业于中国石油大学。2013年7月报名进入育明考博辅导课程进行学习，所选课程为人大英语集训营与专业课一对一教学。（附模拟考试试卷照片）
学员三
李璨：北京大学光华管理学院企业管理专业
简介：育明考博14届优秀学员，硕士毕业于中国石油大学。2013年7月报名进入育明考博辅导课程进行学习，所选课程为北大英语集训营与专业课多人班。（附模拟考试试卷照片）
2015天津大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、天津大学考博英语题型 Part1:听力理解，一段对话，10小题，10分； Part2：选词填空，15个词汇中选10个，10分； Part3：阅读理解40分 A：3篇（每篇600词左右），15题30分； B：1篇，5段空白，从7~8段文字中选择5段合适的段落，5题10分；Part4：翻译，600词左右的英语篇章（内容偏重科技），然后将有下划线的6-8个部分翻译成汉语，20分； Part5：写作，要求考生根据提示信息、所给题目或所提供的图或表格等，写出一篇说明或议论型短文；或根据提供的一篇文章写出其摘要。不少于200词，共20分。 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导
师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。 (3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题，可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。 总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事，关系只是占一部分，自己努力了就行，不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。 初次联系好导师后，一定要注意跟导师保持联系。每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况，交流一下科研方向，这很有必要。一方面让导师觉得你很想去跟他深造，另一方面显得你虔诚好学。 五、听力答题技巧 1、卷子发下来后快速的浏览一遍，包括题干和答案。这样会大大提高你对听力的理解---知道它是讲什么内容，大概是怎么回事。联系我们扣扣：四一六九二五五五九。电话：四零零六六八六九七八。扣扣群：一零五六一九八二零。 2、没听懂的题目，就放弃它，千万不要在听下道题的时候还在想上道题。这样会引起头脑的混乱。 3、相信第一感觉，听力部分不是非常确凿的感觉的话不要改动开始的答案。人的大脑有时候会混淆的。因此很多情况下不是你选错了，而是改错了。因此轻易别选，但是选了之后轻易别改。 (1)提炼选项中的重要信息 考生务必先看选项。当录音人开始宣读Directions时，考生应充分利用这段时间速读选项，预测考点，从而做到心中有数。通过先看选项，可以明确题目多方面的信息。 (2)掌握节奏合理安排时间 可能没有哪种考试对时间安排的要求比听力考试还要苛刻。“录音不等人”，所以很多考生答题时都很紧张。其实，听力考试每分钟阅读的字数和停顿时间有严格限制：约每分钟140词，每个问题后有约15秒停顿。拍子已经固定，我们要做的是跟上节奏，过分的紧张只会造成混乱，直接影响发挥。
2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Obviously, the earliest teachers we have in our lives in most cases are our parents, and they are generally the most involved in the development and education of their children. Yet neither are all parents good teachers nor are those good parents the best teachers. First of all, not all parents are good teachers. As normal individuals, some parents more or less have bad habits. Even though parents almost instinctively devote themselves to cultivating their offspring, the outcome might turn out to be disappointment, for all children tend to unconsciously or subconsciously copy every thing from their parents. Another deficiency of parents as teachers is the fact that most parents are lack of common senses of education. All too often we observe some parents tend to pursue their cherished but failed dream by forcing their children to develop in a prearranged direction. Ironically, if their children did not follow the instructions, the children would be regarded as disobedient or allegedly rebellious. In fact, it is parents rather than their children that virtually disobey common senses. Moreover, some parents are qualified as good teachers, but not all of them are the best ones. When children are in the preliminary school, it is not surprising that parents are capable of teaching their children almost every subject even better than professional teachers in the school. But the situation will not last long. We live in a world where knowledge is accumulated by multiplying and at the same time becomes more and more specialized. Therefore, to be a professional in a certain field today takes much longer time than ever before. No parent is able to be professional in all fields, though they might be experts in one or more fields. Wise parents often release rather than charge their children as early as possible. They are aware of the possibility outside the family. Parents may, nevertheless, help their children much more than do good teachers. Most parts of children education are virtually beyond teachers' reaches. It is parents that supplement. Psychology studies have shown us that parents' love sometimes has astonishingly magic power to their children. Albert Einstein's mother and Forest Gump's mother are both good examples. On the other hand, parents might do their children harm more than do bad teachers as well. The natures of those children whose parents have divorced are often severely distorted. In a word, it is rather superficial to simply say that parents are the best teachers. [404 words] 4. It has been said, "Not everything that is learned is contained in books." Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why? Both experiences and books are very essential resources, and both of them have relevant merits. Experiences are the most direct resources we ever have. Almost our every basic skill came from experiences, such as walking, articulating, reading even thinking. Without experiences, some natural born abilities even might lose. Studies have shown that a baby who was robbed by animals into forest for 12 years lost his ability to talk in human language. Furthermore, it is generally accepted that each and every skill develops by experiences, and that's why people always say practice makes perfect. Books are valuable when knowledge is beyond the scope of our experiences. Perhaps the most obvious examples are those fluent writers. They write various stories, the scopes of which are far beyond any individual's experiences. Take Joyce Carol Oates for example, her productivity has been prodigious, accumulating in less than two decades to nearly thirty titles, including novels, collections of short stories and verse, plays and literary criticism. Although some of them appear to come from her own direct observations, her dreams, and her fears, much more is clearly from the experiences of others. Her fictive world remains strikingly akin to that real one reflected in the daily newspapers, the television news and talk shows, and the popular magazines of our day. Yet either experiences or books may give us wrong information. Our direct observations always are subject to our beliefs, hopes, fears, expectations, and our bias, which might make observations unreliable. People vary in their powers of observation, and the reliability of our observations is no better than the reliability of our memories, which as we know can be deceptive. Information printed in papers sometimes is unreliable either, it may be misprinted, or even deliberately distorted. For example, Definitions such as Marxism, Capitalism, Zionism are totally different in the Oxford Learner's Dictionary of Current English between the original edition and the sanctioned Russian edition. 1
姓名：……学号：…… 学院：….. 专业：….. 指导老师：…… Unit 6Time traveler 1. What was the guy doing when he suddenly found himself in a completely different world? What year is it in this different world? Answer: The guy was just about to give his wife a present for her birthday ,and there were thunders and lightening. Then all of a sudden, he found himself in a completely different world. It is the year 2000 i n this different world. 2. What are some of the cultural shocks he’s experienced in this world? Answer: He traveled from the year 1900 to the year 2000, so he experienced many cultural shocks when communicating with others.He felt confused about the ID card, the driver licence, the credit card, ATM card and something like that. He misunderstood the meaning of the restroom and the bathroom. Also he could not understand the meaning of a mall or food court. He couldn’t read the menu and thought a hotdog as a real dog. What’s more, he was curious about the cellphone because he had never seen it before. 3. Some science fictions on time travel are mainly about cultural shocks. Can you conceive of a time traveler of our time going back to 1960’s or even earlier, or vice versa? What would be some of the cultural shocks the traveler would encounter? Make a list of them or conceive a conversation as the traveler first sets foot in the different world. Answer: Recently, many TV plays, based on a series of experiences of a time traveler, such as The Palace and Startling by Each Step, arouse a great upsurge in time traveling. In fact, I can’t conceive of a time traveler of our time going back to 1960’s or even earlier,but these TV plays really appeal to me. For example, the leading lady in Startling by Each Step, traveled from our time back to Qing dynasty. Of course, a time traveler will encouter many cultural shocks. When one travels in a completely different world, he will feel like a fish out of water. He may misunderstand what others said, and can’t communicate well with others.
博士面试英语口语 下面是整理的博士面试英语口语，希望对大家有帮助。 英语面试问题集锦： 1 What is your greatest strength? I feel that my strongest asset is my ability to stick to things to get them done. I feel a real sense of accomplishment when I finish a thing and it turns out just as I’d planned. I’ve set some high goals for myself. For example, I want to graduate with highest distinction. And even though I had a slow start in my freshman year, I made up for it by doing an honor’s thesis. 2 What is your greatest weakness? I'm such a perfectionist that I will not stop until a job is well done. 3 How do you feel about your progress to date? I think I did well in school. In fact, in a number of courses I received the highest exam scores in the class. As an intern for the X Company, I received some of the highest evaluations that had been given in years. 4 What has been your greatest accomplishment? My greatest accomplishment is that I was enrolled by China Agricultural University in 2009. 5 Tell me about your
1. Television Program and Their Effect on children Television programs regularly entertain, educate, effect and even frighten the majority of our children. Most children are allowed to watch whatever program is on, with little thought on the effect that particular show will have on a child. Most programs can be classed as beneficial or harmful, according to what effect the program might have on a child. The beneficial television programs are mainly thouse（附属房,温室）that educate the young. There are often specials on animal life. A few regular children’s programs develop the child’s interest in school-type learning by stressing numbers and the alphabet, and that encourages him or her to be creative. The beneficial commercials, such as those on anti-smoking, anti-litter, and health, should be included in this category. On the opposite side are the shows, which are generally harmful to children. Many commercials（商业广告）, especially those sponsoring the children’s programs, are deliberately written to create a desire for an unnecessary product such as sugar coated（涂上一层的）cereals and candy. All adult programs that include violence or sex scenes can at best fill a child’s mind with confusing or misleading ideas, and could possibly harden（v. 变硬,使...坚强,涨价）the child to violence. Thoughtful parents will definitely not allow their children to view the bad programs. A child’s viewing time should be limited to watching educationally（adv. 教育的,教育上的,有关教育的）beneficial programs. 2. How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities With the development of modern industry, more and more people are flowing into big cities. Accordingly, the housing problem in big cities is
【天大考博辅导班】天大仪器科学与技术考博申博条件申博时间招生目录及导师申博考博流程及考博经验 启道考博分享 一、天大精密仪器与光电子工程学院简介-启道 天津大学精密仪器与光电子工程学院(简称精仪学院)的前身是成立于1952年的精密机械仪器专业。1959年成立精密仪器工程系，1995年10月2日，在原精密仪器工程系基础上成立了精密仪器与光电子工程学院（简称精仪学院），我国老一辈著名学者项任澜、王守融、蔡其恕、钱耀绪、许镇宇、吴又芝、刘豹、邱宣怀、苑文炳、吴继宗、孙祖宝、孙家鼒、祝毓琥、周昌震等曾在此长期执教。 天津大学精密仪器与光电子工程学院（简称精仪学院）下设四个系：精密仪器工程系、光电信息工程系、光电子科学技术系、生物医学工程与科学仪器系。 二、天大仪器科学与技术博士招生条件-启道 1.已获硕士学位的人员（其中境外所获得学位需出具“教育部留学人员服务中心”的认证证书）； 2.应届硕士毕业生（最迟须在入学前取得硕士学位证和毕业证）； 3.获得学士学位6年以上（2012年9月1日之前获得），达到与硕士毕业生同等学力人员。以硕士毕业同等学力身份报考的人员，须提交在报考专业已经学过的硕士课程成绩证明（包括全部必修课和学位课，且成绩合格），并提供在报考专业或相近领域以第一作者身份在我校认定的核心期刊上发表的学术论文2篇，或在科学研究等本职工作中已取得重要成果，其中至少有一项科研成果获得国家级或省部级奖励。 三、天大仪器科学与技术博士招生时间-启道 直接攻博，报考时间为2018年6月下旬—2018年9月下旬 硕博连读，报考时间为2018年10月—2018年11月 普通招考，报考时间为2018年6月-2019年5个（不同考试形式报名时间不同） 四、天大光电子与光子学技术博士招生目录-启道 专业名称：080400仪器科学与技术 导师：段发阶-独立指导，研究方向-01光电检，02在线检 ,03 海洋声学技
考博英语作文范文【三篇】 导读：本文考博英语作文范文【三篇】，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 【第一篇：直面困难】任何事业，大至国家事业，小至个人生活，要有所成，必然面对各类困难，这时候，良好的面对困难的品质以及解决困难的方法论方面的问题： 坚持/毅力persistence，乐观being optimistic/positive 团结合作cooperation and teamwork 踏实肯干hardworking 创新意识和好奇心innovation and curiosity 学习意识learning 保持学习习惯(keep the habit of reading and learning 行动实践能力(the ability of action and practice “一屋不扫、何以扫天下” If you cant do great things, do small things in a great way Each person whether rich or poor has his own difficulties, because life is not always full of smiles and flowers. So it is very important to have a correct attitude to face up the difficulties. Different people have different views on it. Some people just want to evade and they haven’t tried their best, so they can’t achieve success in the end. But some people believe
博士面试英语口语 下面是学习啦小编整理的博士面试英语口语，希望对大家有帮助。 英语面试问题集锦： 1W h a t i s y o u r g r e a t e s t s t r e n g t h? I f e e l t h a t m y s t r o n g e s t a s s e t i s m y a b i l i t y t o s t i c k t o t h i n g s t o g e t t h e m d o n e. I f e e l a r e a l s e n s e o f a c c o m p l i s h m e n t w h e n I f i n i s h a t h i n g a n d i t t u r n s o u t j u s t a s I r s q u o;d p l a n n e d.I r s q u o;v e s e t s o m e h i g h g o a l s f o r m y s e l f.F o r e_a m p l e,I w a n t t o g r a d u a t e w i t h h i g h e s t d i s t i n c t i o n. A n d e v e n t h o u g h I h a d a s l o w s t a r t i n m y f r e s h m a n y e a r, I m a d e u p f o r i t b y d o i n g a n h o n o r r s q u o;s t h e s i s. 2 W h a t i s y o u r g r e a t e s t w e a k n e s s? I m s u c h a p e r f e c t i o n i s t t h a t I w i l l n o t s t o p u n t i l a j o b i s w e l l d o n e. 3 H o w d o y o u f e e l a b o u t y o u r p r o g r e s s t o d a t e? I t h i n k I d i d w e l l i n s c h o o l. I n f a c t, i n a n u m b e r o f c o u r s e s I r e c e i v e d t h e h i g h e s t e_a m s c o r e s i n t h e c l a s s.A s a n i n t e r n f o r t h e X_o m p a n y,I
2020考博英语作文实用范文三篇 【篇一】2020考博英语作文实用范文 Protecting the Intangible Cultural Heritages Like tangible cultural heritages such as the Great Wall and the Forbidden City, intangible cultural heritages like Peking Opera and Confucius- commemorating rituals are equally crucial. We should make our utmost efforts to preserve intangible heritages because, without heir physical form of existence, they are in greater risk of extinction. 如同长城、故宫之类的物质文化遗产一样，像京剧和祭孔仪式这类非物质文化遗产，也同样至关重要。 我们应不遗余力地去保护非物质遗产，因为它们在不具备物质存有的条件下，失传的可能性更加岌岌可危。 According to UNESCO's Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003), all forms of social customs and habits, folklore, performing arts, rituals, oral traditions, festivals, traditional crafts and various knowledge and practices about nature and universe can be classified as intangible cultural heritages. As a country consisting of a great diversity of ethnic groups and with time-honored history and civilization, China abounds in intangible cultural heritages. Cultural heritages connect modern people with the historical past, allowing them to acquire a cultural and historical identity. Without cultural heritages, we would be rendered absolutely rootless and we would find it hard to cope with challenges at present and in the future.
自己整理的答案，题的顺序可能会不一样，希望对大家有帮助！ 填空： What the mass media offers is not popular art, but entertainment which is intended to be _______ like food, forgotten, and replaced by a new dish. 选择一项： expended spent paid consumed 消耗 For many people, an important aspect(方面)of overcoming Internet and computer addiction is to find _______ ways to handle these difficult feelings. 选择一项： alternative 替代的 permanent 永久的 changeable 多变的；不定的; renewable 可再生的; Water purification is the _______ of contaminants（污染物）from raw water to produce drinking water that is pure enough for human consumption or for industrial use. 选择一项： departure离开 dismissal解雇 refusal拒绝 removal 去除 In modern times, a handful of technological wonders that started out as novelties(novelty的名词复数;新奇的人[事物]), have become _______ to our daily routines. 选择一项： liable有责任，有义务的 vulnerable易受伤害的
英语范文35篇 根据教育部1992年颁布的《研究生英语教学大纲》（以下简称大纲《大纲》 的要求：“非英语专业博士研究生英语入学水平原则上应达到或高于硕士生的通过水平。”《大纲》中对硕士生的写作要求是“掌握基本写作技能（如文章结构、段落展开和起承转合等），能按具体要求，在一小时内写出250词左右的短文，正确表达思想，语意连贯，无重大语言错误。” 第一部分写作文的要求，评分标准及考试中普遍存在的问题 一考试要求 1．文章内容切题。审题准确,不跑题。 2．表达清楚。语言简洁、准确、说理清楚,读者能从作文内容清楚理解作者写作意图。 3．意义连贯。文字连贯、层次分明、意义表达完整。要使文章意义连贯必须具有一 定的技能，包括较强的语感，遣词造句能力和文章谋篇布局的组织能力； 4．语言规范。符合英语表达的习惯、语法错误较少、语言基本功扎实，最终避免中式英语。 二作文的评分标准及样卷介绍 14 分: 内容符合要求, 包括了标题或提纲中的全部内容;语言流畅;层次分明,句式有 变化。词汇丰富,句子结构和用词准确,文章长度符合要求。 11分：内容符合要求，包括了标题或提纲中的全部内容；文字连贯，句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误，文章长度符合要求。 8分：内容符合要求，包括了标题或提纲中多数内容；基本清楚表达的主题的内涵； 句子结构和用词有少量错误，个别是大错。文章长度符合要求。 5 分：内容基本切题，基本表达了标题或提纲中的内容；文字连贯，语言可以理解， 但有较多的结构和用词错误，且大错较多。文章长度基本符合要求。 2 分：基本切题，但语句支离破碎，只有少数句子可以理解。 0 分：文不切题。只将预先背诵的某篇文章默写下来，或语句混乱，无法理解。 附：14 分样卷 Topic：With her entry into WTO, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, and in particular, for higher- level talents. To face this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate(postgraduate) education system. State your opinion aobut this reform, and give the solid supporting details to your viewpoint. With China’s entry into WTO, she is facing a lot of chances and challenges in many aspects. As far as talents are concerned, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, especially for higher-level talents. In order to adapt this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate education system.
1hello everyone ,my name is A ,my topic is what are the diseases that are genetically determined than developed because of unhealthy lifestyle.as everybody know that leukemia[l?'kim??] is a seldom cured disease .all the people are afraid to be attacked by it. leukemia is a kind of polygenic [,p?li'd?enik] diseases,genetic [d??'n?t?k] defeat and radiation[,red?'e??n]，drugs can spur the gene to change it’s state.not only leukemia,but also Malignant [m?'l?gn?nt] disease, endocrine ['?nd?kr?n] disease, autoimmune [,?to?'mj?n] disease have the characteristic that can be influenced by external environment such as unhealthy lifestyle.so don’t think ourself as gene-safety guies,we should take care of ourselfes and develop good habbits to safe oufself against such recurring [r?'k???] illness 2 hello everyone ,my name is A ,my topic is what kind of person do you think you are,and what kind of life do you want to live? I believe that I don’t be clear what kind of person I am,my friend used to describe me as susceptible [s?'s?pt?bl], optimistic,brave humorous girl,maybe the gene of happiness comes from my parents and the environment I live in ,I am also a luck dog,somebody would give me a hand when I get trouble！all of you is my luck star! I used to dream i work in clean workplace and my co-workers are friendly,everyday I go to work with confidence and perform excellently.in holidays ,I wish traveling to many scenic['s?n?k] spots with my honey.i hope I can possess a healthy lifestyle and live to enjoy life! 3 hello everyone ,my name is A ,my topic is do you believe that a person’s potentialities are limited by his genes? I don’t agree this opinion,Genes can give a person the initial character,but it doesn’t means the person keep the charater in his whole life,he will develop his potential along with his world view, experience in life .the potential is just like a mobilphone,some functions of the mobilephone is set in factory-fresh state but a lot of additional fuctions are researched and developed by the person who use it ,the person is the environment .so gene is only the part of potential but is not the determinant [d?'t?m?n?nt].the potential is decided by how we choose the way that we belong.because we are thoughtful humanbeings 4 hello everyone ,my name is A ,my topic is anything we can do to upgrade ourseves? I have four points to answer this question,first I consider confidence is the chief factor to upgrade ourseves,keeping confident means you give yourself endless power to fulfill your dream,second,giving yourself a regular and healthy lifestyle in order to keep mental health and physical healty. a saying says The body is revolution in capital. this can help you focus attention to your career.third.be kind to your co-workers and friends,because all the people around you is are your luck star ,they take new opinion and surprise to you,you will be lonely and helpless without them.fourth,keep serious about the work your engaged in,when you work please don’t distract your attention to other things . keep high efficient is a good way to improve ourself. and to chieve your goals? 视频2、 1 hello everyone ,my name is A，my topic is enagine that you were one of the passengers on a hijacked plan,what would you do? oh dear ,it is horrible to imagine I was countered by a hijack,if I encounter a hijack,the fisrt thing I do is keeping silence and cast about for ideas to delay the game.then I will catfootedly ['k?t,futid]悄悄地dial 110 to let the police to know what is going on.next I will listen to the bandit’s words and give all my money to the bandits and go along with the crowd waiting the policemen to rescue us frightened birds.