程序设计方法课程设计
问题提出：
设计一个图书馆的图书管理，具体要求如下：
1．录入新采购的图书信息，做成文件book.in，要求有良好的输入界面；
2．查询各种图书的基本信息，设计出良好的查询界面；
3．按图书编号进行排序，将排好序的图书信息输出到文件book.out中。
4．统计各类图书册数、图书馆的图书总册数。
5．统计图书的借阅情况。
1.需求分析
对于图书馆的管理系统，应该满足以下的用户需求：
○1用户能够增加和删除一些图书。
○2用户根据一些基本信息查询相应的图书，系统可以准确输出所有符合条件的图书信息。
○3用户可以借阅和归还图书馆中的图书。
○4系统可以对图书做出统计，包括图书总数，各类图书数目，图书的借阅情况。
2.设计分析
定义图书结构体，其成员包括书名、作者、类型、出版社、价格、是否借阅（整型，1为借出，0为未借）、编号。
输入新书时，利用结构体储存书的信息，同时将新书信息以二进制写入book.in文件中，录入结束后，将新书按输入顺序写入book.out中，并且以原来存书的最大编号为基准对新书进行编号，这样可以保证book.out文件存储的图书都是按编号进行排序的。
查找图书时，获得所查书目基本信息后，以二进制依次读取文件中的每一本图书信息，并与输入信息相比较，输出符合信息的图书。
删除图书时，通过输入的图书编号（编号可通过查找图书获得）查找相应图书，删除相应数据并保存。
借阅或归还图书时，通过图书编号（编号可通过查找图书获得）查找相应图书，修改图书的属性（是否借阅）并保存。
实现统计功能时，以二进制依次读取文件中的每一本图书信息，设置变量统计图书类型、借阅情况和图书总数，到文件结尾时，输出各个变量的值。
3.系统设计（流程图表示）
否
否
4. 程序代码
主函数
main() {int i,a;
否
Struct book standard={"a","a","000000000",0,0,"a","others"}; FILE *fp;
if((fp=fopen("book.out","r"))==NULL)
{if((fp=fopen("book.out","wb"))==NULL)
{printf("wrong!");
exit(0);}
fwrite(&standard,sizeof(struct book),1,fp);}
fclose(fp);
for(i=0;i<=14;i++) /*欢迎界面设置*/
{ clrscr();
gotoxy(18,25-i);
printf("Welcome to Liberary Management System");
delay(300000000000);
}
sleep(1);
gotoxy(18,27-i);
printf("Press any key to continue");
getch();
clrscr();
while(a!=48) /*打印主菜单*/ { gotoxy(13,5);
printf("***********************************************");
gotoxy(25,8);
printf("1:Add new books");
gotoxy(25,10);
printf("2:Search books");
gotoxy(25,12);
printf("3:Delete books");
gotoxy(25,14);
printf("4:Borrow or return books");
gotoxy(25,16);
printf("5:Total numbers");
gotoxy(25,18);
printf("0:Exit");
gotoxy(13,21);
printf("***********************************************");
a=getch() /*调用不同函数实现不同功能*/
if(a==49) input_books();
if(a==50) search_books();
if(a==51) delete_book();
if(a==53) total_numbers();
if(a==52) br_books();
clrscr();}
}
函数addone和minusone对图书编号进行操作
void addone(char ss[]) /*将编号增加一个*/ {
int i;
if(ss[8]=='9')
{ss[8]='0';
ss[7]=ss[7]+1;}
else ss[8]=ss[8]+1;
for(i=7;i>=0;i--)
if(ss[i]==58) {ss[i]='0';ss[i-1]++;} }
void minusone(char ss[]) /*图书编号减一*/ {int i;
if(ss[8]=='0')
{ss[8]='9';
ss[7]=ss[7]-1;}
else ss[8]=ss[8]-1;
for(i=7;i>=0;i--)
if(ss[i]==47) {ss[i]='9';ss[i-1]--;} }
函数save_books()将book.in的数据写入book.out中
void save_books() /*保存图书*/ {FILE *fp1,*fp2;
struct book oldbook,newbook;
char ssl[10];
int n,i;
if((fp2=fopen("book.out","rb+"))==NULL)
{printf("wrong!");
exit(0);}
if((fp1=fopen("book.in","rb"))==NULL)
{printf("wrong!");
exit(0);}
fseek(fp2,-100L,2);
fread(&oldbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp2)； /*获得目
前图书最大编号*/ strcpy(ssl,oldbook.number);
fclose(fp2);
fseek(fp1,-1L,2);
fscanf(fp1,"%d",&n);
rewind(fp1);
if((fp2=fopen("book.out","ab"))==NULL)
{printf("wrong!");
exit(0);}
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
fread(&newbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp1);
addone(ssl);
strcpy(newbook.number,ssl); /*为新图书编号*/ fwrite(&newbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp2);
}
fclose(fp1);
fclose(fp2);
}
函数input_book将新书的信息读入book.in中
void input_books() /*从键盘输入图书函数*/ {FILE *fp;
struct book newbook;
int a=121,n=0;
if((fp=fopen("book.in","wb"))==NULL)
{printf("wrong!");
exit(0);}
while(a==121)
{clrscr();
n++;
printf("New book %d:\n",n);
printf("Name:");
scanf("%s",https://www.doczj.com/doc/018596872.html,);
printf("Author:");
scanf("%s",newbook.author);
printf("Price:");
scanf("%f",&newbook.price);
printf("Type:");
scanf("%s",newbook.type);
printf("Press:");
scanf("%s",newbook.press);
newbook.isborrowed=0;
strcpy(newbook.number,"000000000");
fwrite(&newbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp); /*将图书保存
到book.in中*/ printf("continue ? (y/n)");
a=getch();
}
clrscr();
fprintf(fp,"%d",n);
printf("Successfully saved!\nPress any key to back");
fclose(fp);
save_books();
getch();
}
函数delete_book实现对图书的删除操作
void delete_book() /*删除图书函数*/ {long int totalbook,i;
int done=0;
char a='y',ss[10];
FILE *fp1,*fp2;
struct book sbook;
clrscr();
if((fp1=fopen("book.out","rb"))==NULL)
{printf("wrong!");
exit(0);}
if((fp2=fopen("book1.out","wb"))==NULL)
{printf("wrong!");
exit(0);
}
fseek(fp1,-100L,2);
fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp1);
totalbook=atol(sbook.number); /*获得图书数目*/ rewind(fp1);
while(a==121)
{
clrscr();
printf("Please input the number of the book:");
scanf("%s",ss);
clrscr();
fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp1);
fwrite(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp2);
for(i=1;i<=totalbook;i+=1)
{fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp1); /*删除操作*/
if(strcmp(sbook.number,ss)==0) /*将删除过
相应图书的数据写入
book1.out*/ {done=1;
printf("The information of the book:\n");
printf("Name:%s\n",https://www.doczj.com/doc/018596872.html,);
printf("Author:%s\n",sbook.author);
printf("Number:%s\n",sbook.number);
printf("Price:%-9.2f\n",sbook.price);
printf("Press:%s\n",sbook.press);
printf("Are you sure to delete the book?(y/n)") ;
a=getch();
if(a!=121) break;}
else
{if(done==0) fwrite(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp2);
else {minusone(sbook.number);fwrite(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp2);}}}
fclose(fp1);
fclose(fp2);
if(done==0) printf("Wrong number!");
if(done==1 && a==121)
{ exchange(i,totalbook);
clrscr();
printf("Successfully deleted!\n");}
getch();
clrscr();
printf("Continue ? (y/n)");
a=getch();
}
remove("book1.out");
}
void exchange(long int i,long int totalbook) /*将book1.out的数
据写入book.out中*/ {FILE *fp1,*fp2;
struct book sbook;
if((fp1=fopen("book1.out","rb"))==NULL)
{printf("wrong!");
exit(0);
}
fp2=fopen("book.out","wb");
for(i=1;i<=totalbook;i+=1)
{fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp1);
fwrite(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp2);}
fclose(fp1);
fclose(fp2);}
函数search_books实现对图书的查找
void search_books() /*查找图书函数*/
{int n,total=0;
long int totalbook,i;
char item[20];
char ss='y';
FILE *fp;
struct book sbook;
if((fp=fopen("book.out","rb"))==NULL)
{printf("wrong!");
exit(0);
}
fseek(fp,-100L,2);
fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp);
totalbook=atol(sbook.number);
fseek(fp,100L,0);
while(ss==121)
{
clrscr();
printf("Please select a way to search:\n"); /*查找方式设置*/ printf("1:name\n2:author\n3:number\n");
n=getch();
switch(n)
{case 49:
clrscr();
printf("Please input the name of the book:\n");
scanf("%s",item);
clrscr();
printf("\n");
for(i=1;i<=totalbook;i+=1)
{fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp);
if(strcmp(https://www.doczj.com/doc/018596872.html,,item)==0) /*打印图书信息*/ {
printf("Book %d\n",total+1);
printf("Name:%s\n",https://www.doczj.com/doc/018596872.html,);
printf("Author:%s\n",sbook.author);
printf("Number:%s\n",sbook.number);
printf("Price:%-9.2f\n",sbook.price);
printf("Press:%s\n",sbook.press);
printf("Type:%s\n",sbook.type);
printf("Isborrowed:%d\n\n",sbook.isborrowed);
total++;
continue;
}}
gotoxy(1,1);
if(total==0) printf("No such book!"); /*没有对应图书*/ else printf("We find %d books totally:",total);
getch();
break;
case 50:
clrscr();
printf("Please input the author of the book:\n");
scanf("%s",item);
clrscr();
printf("\n");
for(i=1;i<=totalbook;i+=1)
{fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp);
if(strcmp(sbook.author,item)==0) {
printf("Book %d\n",total+1);
printf("Name:%s\n",https://www.doczj.com/doc/018596872.html,);
printf("Author:%s\n",sbook.author);
printf("Number:%s\n",sbook.number);
printf("Price:%-9.2f\n",sbook.price);
printf("Press:%s\n",sbook.press);
printf("Isborrowed:%d\n\n",sbook.isborrowed);
total++;
continue;
}}
gotoxy(1,1);
if(total==0) printf("No such book!");
else printf("We find %d books totally:",total);
getch();
break;
case 51:clrscr();
printf("Please input the number of the book:\n");
scanf("%s",item);
clrscr();
printf("\n");
for(i=1;i<=totalbook;i+=1)
{fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp);
if(strcmp(sbook.number,item)==0) {
printf("Book %d\n",total+1);
printf("Name:%s\n",https://www.doczj.com/doc/018596872.html,);
printf("Author:%s\n",sbook.author);
printf("Number:%s\n",sbook.number);
printf("Price:%-9.2f\n",sbook.price);
printf("Press:%s\n",sbook.press);
printf("Isborrowed:%d\n\n",sbook.isborrowed);
total++;
continue;
}}
gotoxy(1,1);
if(total==0) printf("No such book!");
else printf("We find %d books totally:",total);
getch();
break;}
total=0;
clrscr();
printf("continue ? (y/n):\n");
ss=getch();
}
fclose(fp);
}
函数br_books实现对图书的借阅和归还
void br_books() /*借阅或归还图书函数*/ {int done=0;
char a='y',number[10];
FILE *fp;
long int i,totalbook;
struct book sbook;
if((fp=fopen("book.out","rb+"))==NULL)
{printf("wrong!");
exit(0);
}
fseek(fp,-100L,2);
fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp);
totalbook=atol(sbook.number);
fseek(fp,100L,0);
while(a==121)
{clrscr();
printf("Please input a kind of service:\n");
printf("1:Borrow a book\n2:Return a book\n"); /*选择相应服务*/ a=getch();
if(a==49){
clrscr();
printf("Please input the number of the book:");
scanf("%s",number);
clrscr();
for(i=0;i<=totalbook;i+=1)
{fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp);
if(strcmp(sbook.number,number)==0)
{if(sbook.isborrowed==0) {
printf("The information of the book:\n");
printf("Name:%s\n",https://www.doczj.com/doc/018596872.html,);
printf("Author:%s\n",sbook.author);
printf("Number:%s\n",sbook.number);
printf("Price:%-9.2f\n",sbook.price);
printf("Press:%s\n",sbook.press);
printf("Are you sure to borrow the book?(y/n)") ; /*确
认操作*/ a=getch();
if(a==121){
sbook.isborrowed=1;
fseek(fp,-100L,1);
fwrite(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp);
fclose(fp);
clrscr();
printf("Successfully borrowed!");}}
else {printf("This book has been borrowed!");
fclose(fp);}
done=1;
break; } }
if(done==0){ printf("Wrong number!");fclose(fp);}}
if(a==50){
clrscr();
printf("Please input the number of the book:");
scanf("%s",number);
clrscr();
for(i=0;i<=totalbook;i+=1)
{fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp);
if(strcmp(sbook.number,number)==0)
{if(sbook.isborrowed==1) {
printf("The information of the book:\n");
printf("Name:%s\n",https://www.doczj.com/doc/018596872.html,);
printf("Author:%s\n",sbook.author);
printf("Number:%s\n",sbook.number);
printf("Price:%-9.2f\n",sbook.price);
printf("Press:%s\n",sbook.press);
printf("Are you sure to return the book?(y/n)") ; a=getch();
if(a==121){
sbook.isborrowed=0;
fseek(fp,-100L,1);
fwrite(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp);
fclose(fp);
clrscr();
printf("Successfully returned!");}
}
else {printf("This book has not been borrowed!"); fclose(fp);}
done=1;
break;} }
if(done==0){ printf("Wrong number!");fclose(fp);}} getch();
clrscr();
printf("\ncontinue ?(y/n) \n");
a=getch();}
}
函数total_numbers实现图书统计操作
void total_numbers()
{FILE *fp;
long int totalbook;
long int hasb=0,typs=0,typl=0,i;
struct book sbook;
clrscr();
if((fp=fopen("book.out","rb"))==NULL)
{printf("wrong!");
exit(0);
}
fseek(fp,-100L,2);
fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp);
totalbook=atol(sbook.number);
printf("The total number of all books is:%ld\n",totalbook);
rewind(fp);
for(i=1;i<=totalbook;i+=1) /*统计图书类型*/
{fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp);
if(strcmp("science",sbook.type)==0)
typs+=1;
else if(strcmp("literature",sbook.type)==0)
typl+=1;
if(sbook.isborrowed==1) hasb+=1;} /*统计借阅情况*/
printf("The different numbers of types:\n");
printf("science:%ld\n",typs);
printf("literature:%ld\n",typl);
printf("others:%ld\n\n",totalbook-typs-typl);
printf("The number of books have borrowed:%ld\n",hasb);
printf("The number of books have not been borrowed:%ld\n",totalbook-hasb);
fclose(fp);
getch();
}
5.系统测试
系统主菜单视图效果如下：
对于该系统输入三本书，基本信息如下：Book1：
名称：math
作者：ma
价格：29.4
出版社：xjtup
类型：science
Book2：
名称：c
作者：yuyan
价格：13
出版社：xjtup
类型：science
Book3：
名称：physics
作者：ren
价格：25.7
出版社：xjtup
类型：science
图书统计情况：
查找名称为c的图书
删除第一本书和借阅第二本书后的统计情况：
总结：通过一系列的测试可发现该系统可以基本满足客户的各种需求，同时输入输出界面比较简洁，是一个比较成功的系统，但同时也存在一些问题需要改进，主要有以下几个方面：
1.使用scanf输入不能输入带有空格的字符串
2.在使用编号进行图书查询时会发生一些错误，可能会出现查找图书多余
实际图书的情况。
6.结束语
C语言作为一门应用广泛的计算机语言，在今天依然有着极为重要的作用。因此，掌握C语言是一项基本的要求。本次的图书管理系统重点考查了文件的读写，结构体的应用以及各种基本语句的使用。
本次综合性的实践使我在提高编程能力的同时得到了锻炼，多次的调试使我增加上机经验，进一步熟悉了C语言的语法和基本语句，在本次实践中，我得到了老师和同学的帮助，特在此表示感谢。
参考书目
梁力，原盛等.程序设计与C语言.第二版：西安交通大学出版社 2005