2019 年全国英语等级考试 pets3三级常见语法解析(4)
虚拟语气表示与客观事实相反的假设，由 if 虚拟条件从句和主句构成。
一、虚拟语气的基本内容
根据虚拟与其这种与事实相反的假设所对应的时间不同，虚拟语气的 if 虚拟条件从句与主句的谓语动词分别有三类构成形式：
假设类型If 虚拟条件从句
主句与现在事实相反Did/were Would/should do与过去事实相反 Had done Would/should have done与将来事实可能相反Were to
do/did/should do Would/should do
例： 1、I wouldn't talk that way if I were Peter.
2、If the whole operation had not been planned before
hand, a great deal of time and money
would have been lost
3、Jean doesn't want to work right away because she
thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn ’t be able to
see her friends very often.
4、I would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him.
5、Do you think there would be less conflict ( 战斗、斗争)
in the world if all people spoke the same language.
6、If Bob had come with us, he would have had a good
time.
二、 if 的省略形式( 又称虚拟语气的倒装结构)
在if 虚拟条件从句中，如果谓语部分包含were，should ，had等词，则能够把这些词放到主语前，省略 if ，构成虚拟语气的倒装结构。
三、主句与从句时间不一致时虚拟语气的构成
当虚拟语气的 if 虚拟条件从句和主句的动作发生的时间不一致
时，要根据各自表示的时间采用对应的虚拟语气的构成形式。
例： 1、If I had attended the meeting yesterday, I
would know what happened now.
2、If you had taken our advice at that time, you would
not be in trouble now.
四、主观倾向性动词引导的虚拟语气的构成
在英语中存有一些动词，表示建议、命令、要求等主观的倾向，
由这些动词引导的that 宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+ 动词原形， should 能够省略。这类常见的主观倾向性动词有“一坚持、
二命令、三建议、五要求”，分别是：
一坚持： insist 二命令： order 、command三建议： suggest 、advise(n advice) 、propose( 提议、建议 ) 五要求： ask、demand、require 、request 、desire
例： 1、The doctor advised that Mr. Malan have
an operation right away so as to save his life.
2、His mother insisted that he put on the coat when
going out.同时，如果在题干中出现上面这些主观倾向性动词的名词
和形容词形式，题干中从句部分的谓语动词也要用should+ 动词原形，
should 能够省略。考试中常见的词汇有： order ，command，suggestion ，advice ，proposal ，demand，request ，desire ，advisable ，desirable.
五、 wish that和if only引导的虚拟语气的构成
Wish that引导的宾语从句和if only引起的感叹句都用虚拟语
气来表示一种没有实现或无法实现的愿望，其中wish that 句型往往翻译为：多么希望 ?;if only 表示的愿望较 wish that 更强烈，常翻译为但愿 ; 要是 ?就好了。两者的用法基本相同。两者的用法是：1、当表示与现在的事实相反的一种愿望时， wish that 引导的宾语从句和 if only 引起的感叹句中谓语动词采用的形式是： did/were;
2、当表示与过去的事实相反的一种愿望时，wish that 引导的宾语从句和 if only 引起的感叹句中谓语动词采用的形式是：had done;
3、当表示未来一时很难实现的一种愿望时，wish that 引导的宾语从句和 if only 引起的感叹句中谓语动词采用的形式是：would do.
第一节动词的时态 一、一般现在时： 1、由when、as soon as、the minute、the moment、till、until等引起的时间状语从句，以及由if、unless、provided that等引起的条件状语从句常常用一般现在时态表示将来的动作，而主句则用 一般将来时态。 例：They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they finish their exams. 2、当表示普遍的真理或者众所周知的客观事实，常常用一般现在时态。例：The earth is round. 地球是圆的。 二、一般过去时：区分三个短语的用法： 1、used to do sth：过去常常做某事。 2、be/get used to doing sth：习惯做某事。 3、be used to do sth：被用于做某事。 三、一般将来时： 1、be to+动词原形：表示安排或计划好了的动作。例：The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day. 2、be about to+动词原形：表示即将发生的动作。例：The lecture is about to begin.讲座即将 开始。 3、一些表示动作趋势，如开始、终结，以及一些表示动作方向，如往来的动词，常常用现在进行 时态表示按照安排将于将来发生的事情，这类动词常见的有如：start，go，leave，come，arrive等。例：We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天动身去北京。 四、进行时态： 重点区分when和while引起的时间状语的用法。 When表示时间上的点，在考试中其引导的时间状语从句多翻译为“这时？”，主句多用进行时态；while引导的时间状语从句多翻译为“正当……时”，该从句用进行时态。例：One of the guards was sleeping when the general came in, which made him very angry. I fell and hurt myself while I was playing tennis. 五、现在完成时：
2020年公共英语一级考试阅读冲刺模拟试题及答 案公共英语三级考试时间 ReadthefollowingtextandfilleachofthenumberedspaceswithON Esuitableword. WriteyouranswersonANSWERSHEETl. Impatiencecharacterizesyoungintellectualworkers.Theywant tomaketheirmark(31)___.Soit’simportanttoget(32)___tothemin achallengingmannertheidea(33)___bigachievementsrarelycomeea silyandquickly.Pointoutthatthelittlesuccessesareessential.S howthatthey(34)___turnbecomethefoundationon(35)___reputatio nsarebuiltandfromwhichmoleimportanttaskscanbeaccomphished. Avarietyofjobassignments，includingjobOrprojectrotation，alsokeepajob(36)___becomingdull.Whereasit’snaturalforsomei ndividualstowanttomoveaheadimmediatelytomoredifficultassign ments， (37)___properguidancetheycallcontinuetolearnandtogainversat ilitybyworkingonanumberofjobsthatareessentially(38)——thesamecomplexity.Thiswaytheygainbreadth，ifnotdepth. Probablythegreatestoffensetoguard(39)___whendealingwithy oungerspecialistsistorejectideasoutofhand.Youmustlisten--andlistenobjectively——totheirsuggestions.Avoid(40)—— 0vercritical.Youwanttonurtureaninquiringmindwithafreshappro ach.You’llfrustrateitquicklyifyoureverttoooften(41)___“We ’vetriedthatbeforeanditwon’t(42)___here.” Onesurewaytodisenchant(43)___collegegraduatesisflagrantl ymisusingtheirtalents.Expectthemtodosomeroutinework，ofcourse.Butdon’tmaketheir(44)___workjustonelongseriesofer rands.Thisin—eludessuchbreak—
2019年公共英语三级考试题及答案：写作 Directions： Read the text below. Write an essay in about 120 words, in which you should summarize the key points of the text and make comments on them. Try to use you own words. Beijing has extended its ban on operating outdoor barbecues from the city center outward to selected suburbs, according to municipal authorities. A year ago, Beijing banned restaurants from operating outdoor barbecues within the fourth ring road area. And now, the ban has extended to several suburbs, including Mentougou, Fangs- han, Tongzhou, Shunyi, Daxing, Pinggu and Miyun. The barbecue ban was announced to reduce Beijing' s air pollution, as barbecue has long been accused as one of the major contributors to haze. According to Wang Yuesi, a researcher from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics in Chinese Academy of Sciences, barbecuing can generate a lot of PM 2.5, harmful airborne particles measur- ing less than 2.5 microns in diameter. "Considering the seriousness of the air pollution in Beijing, we have to ban everything that may do harm to our environment!" Wang said. The issue has divided Chinese netizens, as half agreed with the policy while the other half called this grand plan nothing but "empty talk. "
公共英语三级考试（pets3）阅读翻译练习 Phrases and Sentence: 1、She soon called my attention to the fact that she couldn’t work full time and keep house, too. 注意的词语：call attention to(唤起注意)、keep house(当家) 2、I guess I just took it for granted that a wife was supposed to take care of her kids and husband. 注意的词语：take it for granted：(视为当然)、be supposed to：(应该、被期望) 3、You’ve got to get to know them. 注意的词语：have got to do：(必须做……)、get to：(在这里作“开始”的意思) 4、But maybe I’d better take that back and give her a hand. 注意的词语：take bake：(在这里作“取消”的意思)、give Sb. A hand(抽出空或腾出手帮助某人) 5、They put me in mood for Italian food. 注意的词语：put in mind：(使记起、提醒)
6、I’ve put aside some money that I earned by doing some extra mechanical work. 注意的词语：put aside：(储存、备用) 7、I was putting a machine together today. 注意的词语：put together：(把……加起来、装配) 8、I am putting forth a lot of effect to make this tablecloth. 注意的词语：put away：(在这里作“放弃、处理掉”的意思) 此要注意一下五个以“put”打头的短语与词组的用法 10、I was going by the store near your house .. 注意的词语：go by：(顺便走访) 11、Your black purse and shoes go nicely with that dress. 注意的词语：go with：(伴随、与……相配) 12、He always goes beyond my expectations. 注意的词语：go beyond：(超出)
2019年公共英语三级考前模拟试题及答案（一） Section I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) (略) Section Ⅱ Use of English (15 minutes) Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C, or D on your ANSWER SHEET 1. Text What do we mean by a perfect English pronunciation? In one 26 there are as many different kinds of English as there are speakers of it. 27 two speakers speak in exactly the same 28 . We can always hear differences 29 them, and the pronunciation of English 30 a great deal in different geographical 31 . How do we decide what sort of English to use as a 32? This is not a question that can be 33 in the same way for all foreign learners of English. 34 you live in a part of the world 35 India for West Africa, where there is a long 36 of speaking English for general communication purpose, you should 37 to acquire a good variety of the pronunciation of this area. It would be 38 in these circumstances to use as a model BBC English or 39 of the sort. On the other hand, if you live in a country 40 there is no traditional use of English, you must take 41 your model some form of 42 English pronunciation. It does not 43 very much which form you choose. The most 44 way is to take as your model the sort of English you can 45 most often. 26. A. meaning B. Sense C. case D. situation 27. A. Not B. No C. None D. Nor 28. A. type B. Form C. sort D. way 29. A. between B. Among C. of D. from
公共英语等级考试三级(PETS3)学习笔记（六） Unit 21 Services(1) Dialogues /monologues: 1、 Hotel in London or in England specially, will ask for a credit card or a confirmation which will guarantee that your room is held, basically all night or for late arrival. 2、 This could be a precise place for you. 关于：precise 与 accurate 是否有区别? accurate，correct，delicate，exact，precise都含有一定的"正确,精确"之意 accurate 准确的，精确的，指某人或某事不仅不出错，而且与事实无出入，强调准确性 correct 正确的，指某人或某事合乎事实或公认的标准或规则，没有错误 delicate 精美、精细的、雅致的 exact 确切的、精确的,语气较accurate强,指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差 precise 精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密,有时略带"吹毛求疵"的贬义 3、 Art-house. Art-house：艺术电影院 指放映不属于商业主流电影的电影院。艺术电影院放映的影片，重视电影本身的品质，较不注重商业吸引力，如当代重要导演的影片、独立制片影片、影史的经典作品，及发行有限的前卫及实验电影。亦称 Art theater。 4、 Your restaurant specializes in hamburgers and chicken, right? specializes in：擅长于，专攻。 5、 As an unadvertised special, you can have a trip to the salad bar with your order for only a dollar more. 作为一个末做广告的特价餐，您可以多出一美元随意的在沙拉吧里定购。
2019年下半年公共英语三级试题一及答案 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Directions: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed. Task 1 Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 to 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Google, the Internet search-engine(收索引擎的) company, has announced it will give more than twenty-five million dollars in money and investments to help the poor. The company says the effort involves using the power of information and technology to help people improve their lives. Aleem Walji works for https://www.doczj.com/doc/01624241.html, -- the part of the company that gives money to good causes. He said the company’s first project will help identify where infectious (传染性的) diseases are developing. In Southeast Asia and Africa, for example, https://www.doczj.com/doc/01624241.html, will work with partners to strengthen early-warning systems and take action against growing health threats. https://www.doczj.com/doc/01624241.html,’s second project will invest in ways to help smal l and medium-sized businesses grow. Walji says microfinance (小额信贷) is generally small, short-term loans that create few jobs. Instead, he says https://www.doczj.com/doc/01624241.html, wants to develop ways to bring investors and business owners together to create jobs and improve economic growth. https://www.doczj.com/doc/01624241.html, will also give money to help two climate-change programs announced earlier this year. One of these programs studies ways to make renewable (再生的) energy less costly than coal-based energy. The other is examining the efforts being made to increase the use of electric cars. The creators of Google have promised to give https://www.doczj.com/doc/01624241.html, about one percent of company profits and one percent of its total stock value every year. Aleem Walji says this amount may increase in the future. 36. The purpos e of Google’s investments is to ________. A) help poor people B) develop new technology
公共英语三级（pets3）阅读翻译强化训练2 练习: The circumstances surrounding the birth of a female infant in Kosciusko, Mississippi, on Jan.29, 1954,were not promising present was the usual mix that had so often accumulated into a burden too heavy for a single-parent household like the one Oprah Winfrey grew up in. The state in which she was born had laws in place waiting to characterize her as unwelcome, to bar her participation in otherwise accebtable social activities, to shackle her to the residue of slavery and other injustices of the past. The simple truth is that her grandmother, her great-grandmother and all the great-great-grandmothers before them never experienced one day of life free from the harsh decrees of state-sponsored racial repression. In hindsight, it appears that her birth was an uneventful one. But at age three she was reciting speeches from church pulpits. Upon discovering books, the child delved into the written word, turning out weekly book reports for her father. Even during turbulent times, not a moment was wasted. Seeds were being planted, watered, and nurtured. On April 13, 1964, nearly an adolescent and watching television from the linoleum floor of her mother’s walk-up flat in something deep the film industry’s highest honor. Sharing in that moment and all it implied she
全国英语等级考试PETS考试流程 （一）关于考试指导语和题目用语 为了让考生发挥应有的水平，在PETS一、二级的笔试中听力、英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作的指导语都是中文的。此外，为避免考生直接挪用试题中的语言，写作和口试试题也有可能是中文的，但口试中口试教师的口头说明仍使用英文。在PETS三、四、五级的考试中，笔、口试的指导语都将使用英文。在三、四级写作题中所提供的引导性材料可能会涉及到少量的中文。 （二）关于答题卡和登分卡的使用 PETS各级别的考试都有其特别设计的答题卡和登分卡。笔试中，使用的是用于光电阅读器（OMR）评分的客观题答题卡和用于人工阅卷的主观题答题（阅读器登分）卡。四、五级的客观题答题卡在机器阅读前，有部分题目也需要人工评阅。 口试使用的是口试成绩登分卡。口试开始前考生在卡上填好自己的考号等有关信息，口试结束时口试教师在卡上填上考生的口试成绩。 *包括翻译题（阅读理解部分B节）的作答和评分。 （三）关于答题时间PETS各级别的答题时间分配如下表所示：
单位：分钟一级二级三级四级五级 听力20 20 25 30 35 英语知识运用20 25 15 15 20 阅读理解30 35 40 60 50 写作20 40 40 35 35 笔试（共）90 120 120 140 140 口试（共）8 10 10 12 15 （四）关于笔试试卷的采分点（原始赋分） PETS每一级别各部分的采分点（原始赋分）如下表所示。除特殊情况外，原则上每题一分，括号内的数字表示各部分的题量。 一级二级三级四级 五级 听力25（25）20（20）25(25) 25（20）30（30） 英语知识运用25（25）35（35）20(20) 20（20）20（20） 阅读理解20（20）20（20）35*(20) 35**(25) 35***（30） 写作13(3+1) 35(10+1) 30(1+1) 20（1）25（1） 笔试（合计）83 110 110 100 110
公共英语PETS三级阅读与翻译试题训练三 3. We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person’s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. 我们可能对学科的每个领域所取得的进步感到大为惊异，然而测试一个人的知识和能力的方法依然原始如初。确实是令人吃惊，这么多年以后，教育家们还没有找到比考试更为有效和可靠的手段。 For all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person’s true ability and aptitude.考试就是测验你知道什么，对于所有这些虔诚的说法，普遍认为往往适得其反。考试可能是检验记忆力，或者在极度紧张的情况下发现快速工作窍门的好方法。但是它不能告诉你一个人的真正能力和智能究竟怎样。 As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. They are the mark of success of failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fat eful day. It doesn’t matter that you weren’t feeling very well, or that your mother died. Little things like that don’t count: the exam goes on. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. 作为制造焦虑者，考试是最好的手段。这是因为它决定着很多事。它是一个人在社会中成功或失败的标志。在事关命运的一天里你的整个前途就被决定下来了。它不管你当时的心情很糟糕，或者你的母亲已去世。像那样的小事不足挂齿：考试依然进行。当身陷致命的恐惧中或经过一个无眠之夜后，没人能发挥出他的最佳水平，不过这正是考试制度期望他这样做的。 The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of “drop-outs”: young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?从孩子开始上学的那一刻起，他就走进了一个成功和失败界限分明和可以衡量的恶毒竞争之中。我们会对数目不断增加的“辍学者”——甚至在年轻人开始事业之前认为他已完全失败——感到诧异吗？面对学生的自杀率我们能感到吃惊吗？
2011年全国公共英语三级模拟试题及答案 Section I Listening Comprehension(25 minutes) （略） Section ⅡUse of English(15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C, or Don your ANSWER SHEET 1. Text Most young people enjoy physical activities, walking, cycling, football, or mountaineering. These who have a passion 26 climbing high and difficult mountains are often 27 with astonishment. Why are men and women 28 to suffer cold and hardship, and to 29 on high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activities 30 which men give their leisure. There are no man-made rules, as there are for 31 as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kinds which it would be dangerous to 32 , but it is this freedom from man-made rules 33 makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to their own 34 . If we 35 mountaineering with other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is 36 mountaineering is not a “team work”. However, it is only our misunderstanding. There are, in fact, no :matches”37 “teams”of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may 38 , obviously, there is teamwork. A mountain climber knows that he may have to fight with natural 39 that ate stronger and more powerful than man. His sport requires high mental and 40 qualities. A mountain climber 41 to improve on skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions 42 in their early twenties. But it is not 43 for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more 44 than younger men, but they probably climb more skill and less 45 of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.
2020 年全国公共英语等级考试PETS 三级模拟试题Text Most young people enjoy physical activities, walking, cycling, football, or mountaineering. These who have a passion 26 climbing high and difficult mountains are often 27 with astonishment. Why are men and women 28 to suffer cold and hardship, and to 29 on high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activities 30 which men give their leisure. There are no man-made rules, as there are for 31 as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kinds which it would be dangerous to 32 , but it is this freedom from man-made rules 33 makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to their own 34 . If we 35 mountaineering with other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is 36 mountaineering is not a “team work ” . However, it is only our misunderstanding. There are, in fact, no ：matches” 37 “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may 38 , obviously, there is teamwork. A mountain climber knows that he may have to fight with natural 39 that ate stronger and more powerful than man. His sport requires high mental and 40 qualities.
阅读难点关键句翻译 在做PETS-3阅读理解的时候，常常会在文章当中看到一些长句难句，这些长句难句不但生词多而且结构也比较复杂，为此本文特从历年的考试真题挑选出20个阅读难点关键句进行翻译，希望对大家备考有帮助! 1. Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. 翻译：系好安全带能够挽救性命，它能将丧生和重伤的概率减少一半以上。 2. But it will be the driver's responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind. 翻译：但是司机有责任确保14岁以下的孩子不要坐在前排，除非他们系好了安全带。 3. However，you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle; or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. 翻译：当然，如果有以下情况你可以不系安全带：你在倒车时，或者你用一种特殊交通工具进行当地的货物运送、收集时，或者你有合法的医学证明你不能系安全带时。 4. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so，and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it. 翻译：注意你如果不这么做(系安全带)的话，你有可能被告上法庭，而且你有可能被处以罚款除非你能证明你有不带安全带的理由。
公共英语三级考试模拟题及答案（1） SectionⅠListening Comprehension (25 minutes) Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are two parts in this section, Part A and Part B. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto your ANSWER SHEET 1. If you have any questions, you may raise your hand. Now as you will not be allowed to speak once the test is started. Now look at Part A in your test booklet. Part A You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer—A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE. Example: