1.) 经济类
APEC, ASEAN, EU, EC (EEC), G8
EURO, RMB, YEN, POUND, DOLLAR
UN, WHO, IMF, PLO, FBI, VOA, CIA , NSA, CCCP, DMZ, PLA, QFII, PBOC,CEPA
NATO, NASA, UNESCO, OPEC, NAFTA, SAFE associate company (subsidiary / affiliate) 联营公司
（子公司、附属公司）
aggregate demand 总需求
aggregate supply总供给
advanced technology 先进技术
active balance (passive balance/ unfavorable balance) 顺差(逆差)
acquire 购置、获取，购买，取得所有权acquisition of assets 购置资产
absolute advantage 绝对优势（一国或一国的一部
分由于拥有原材
料、动力、劳动力
等自然资源，因而
能较廉价地生产
某一产品，因此
拥有胜过其他国
家或地区的优
势。）authorization bill授权书author
asset资产
Boao Forum for Asia 博鳌亚洲论坛
bottom line 帐本底线, 底线
banking 银行业
black market 黑市
budget 预算
budget deficit预算赤字
budget surplus预算盈余
bureaucracy 官僚作风, 官僚机构bureau business cycle 商业周期
business mechanism 创业机制
business prototype商业原型、商业模型
brand loyalty对某个牌子的忠诚度
business fraud (accounting fraud) 商业欺诈(做假帐)
bull/bear market 牛市/ 熊市
cutting edge (have an edge on) 优势（比…有优势）cash bonuses 现金奖励
commercial 商业广告
commodity商品
convertible currency可兑换的货币
corporate / entrepreneurial culture 企业文化
capital资本, 资金, 资产
checks and balances政府机关彼此之间、公司内部各部门的相互制约和平衡
civil rights/civil liberties公民权利、自由commerce clause商业条款
common law习惯法
comparative advantage 相对优势
competition竞争
confederation联邦
contract 合同
cost 成本
dealer/ jobber/ broker 经销商/经纪人depreciation / appreciation 贬值/增值
deflation / inflation通货紧缩/ 通货膨胀
designer clothing/jeans / sneakers 名牌服装/牛仔裤/运动鞋
demand 需求
strong demand需求强劲
weak demand需求疲软
insufficient demand需求不足
effective demand 有效需求
demand curve需求曲线
democracy民主
depression 萧条，经济不景气的一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业
discount rate 贴现率
discount market贴现市场
double / triple / quadruple…两倍/三倍/四倍（翻两翻）
economic growth经济增长
economics经济学
economical节约的, 经济的
efficiency 效率，功效
elasticity 弹性、可塑性、灵活度
elite 精英
entrepreneur, entrepreneurship 企业家，企业equities [英][pl. ](无固定利息的)股票, 证券electronic dealing 电子交易
employment 就业
employment rate就业率
employment insurance (EI, 旧称UI--unemployment insurance) 失业保险
interest rate(s)利率
infrastructure基础设施
fiscal year 财政年度
foreign-invested venture 外资企业
foreign-capital enterprise外资企业
fund / capital / venture capital 资金, 资本/ 风险资金
federal reserve system (美国)联邦备银行制度federation 联邦
fiscal policy财政政策, 财务方针
free trade 自由贸易
future market 期货市场
go public 上市
go under 倒闭
gross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总值gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值hedge (against) 保护或防御手段, 尤指防止经济损失
a hedge against inflation. 防止通货膨胀的措施
hands-off management 疏松管理
high return 高收益，高回报
human capital人力资本，技能资本hyperinflation恶性通货膨胀
investment fever 投资热
investment policy投资政策
investment destination投资地点
immediate yield直接回报
ideology意识形态
incentive 动力
interest group 利益集团(指因共同利益而结合在一起的一批人)
joint venture 合资企业
labor 劳动力
law of demand 需求定律
law of supply供给定律
legitimacy合理性、合法性
limited liability corporation 有限公司
listed companies 上市公司
liquidity 变现能力
market intelligence 市场情报、市场调查
market share市场占有率
market economy 市场经济
managerial expertise管理知识
mass production批量生产
mechanism 机制
merger合并
monopoly垄断
macroeconomics宏观经济学
merit 价值
microeconomics微观经济学
monetary policy 货币政策
mortgage 按揭
make ends meet 收支平衡
national debt 国债
oligarchy寡头政治, 寡头政治的执政团opportunity cost 机会成本
optimize (maximize / minimize) 优化/ 最大化/ 最小化
paragon 模范patent 专利
political economy 政治经济
pork-barrel legislation猪肉桶立法，又称“分肥立
法、分肥拨款pork-barrel
appropriations”指立法机关为
讨好选民而促使政府向议员
所属地方选区拨发的经费。private enterprise 私营企业
productivity 生产力
product 产品
produce 农产品
promotion 促销
price 价格
place 地点
4 P = product, price, place and promotion
profit 利润
profitable 有利可图的
propaganda （贬义）宣传
protectionism （贸易）保护主义
performance 业绩
public sector 公共部门
private sector 私营部门
potential market 潜在市场
plunge / dip / down （价格）猛跌/ 小跌/ 下跌recession 衰退，不景气
referendum 公投
rent 租金
resources 资源
savings 储蓄
scarcity 缺乏
separation of powers 权利分离
subsidy 津贴
supply 供给
supply side economics 供方经济学
start / build… from scratch 从零开始
soar / surge / climb （价格）上涨
strategic planning 战略部署, 战略计划
stock / bond / securities 股票/ 债券/ 证券
stock option (share option) 股票期权
stock index 股指
streamline 精减
sales volume 销售额
strong （dollar /currency / yen / RMB …）（货币）坚挺
tariff 关税
tax税
taxation税收
tax relief 税收减除
tax holiday 免税期
tax policy 税收政策
title 所有权
trade deficit (surplus) 贸易逆差/ 顺差
trade volume 贸易额
regime 政权、机制
rally 反弹, 股市价格和成交额在下跌后显著的上升
restructure 改组、重组
top-down management 自上而下的管理模式
trade bloc贸易集团（如：欧盟）
trade balance 贸易平衡
trade sanction贸易制裁
turnover 销售额
Shanghai Stock Exchange 上海证券交易所Shenzhen SE 深圳证券交易所
NewY ork SE 纽约证券交易所
London SE 伦敦证券交易所
transaction 交易
upstart (new rich) 暴发户
unemployment rate 失业率
utility 设施
veto 否决
venture capital 风险资金
work force 职工总数、劳动力
welfare state 福利国家
2) 政治类
“Agriculture,Countryside and F armer”issues 三农问题
"bringing in" and "going out" “引进来”和“走出去”政策
"eight do's" and "eight don'ts" “八个坚持、八个反对”
Four Cardinal Principles四项基本原则
Four modernizations 四个现代化（农、工、国防、科技）
"one china, one Taiwan" “一中一台”
“one country, two systems”“一国两制”
“south -south cooperation” “南南合作”
"Taiwan independence" “台湾独立”
"two C hinas" “两个中国”
“Three Represents”“三个代表”
three direct links (mail, air and shipping services and trade)（两岸）直接三通
the eight-point proposal八项主张
the five principles of peaceful coexistence和平共处五项原则the fourth plenary session四中全会
the ninth five-year plan (1996-2000) “九五”计划
the tenth five-year plan (2001-2005) “十五”计划
the third plenary session of the eleventh central committee十一届三中全会
the three major historical tasks三大历史任务
the three Sino-Us joint communiqués《中美三个联合公报》
three favorables三个有利于
16th party congress 十六大
23 million Taiwan compatriots两千三百万台湾同胞
a well-off standard小康水平
a well-off society小康社会
advance the development of the western region 推进西部大开发
advances with the times与时代发展同步伐
at the proper time and to an appropriate degree 适时适度
attempts to split the country各种分裂图谋
blazing new trails in a pioneering spirit 开拓创新build a well-off society in an all-round way 全面建设小康社会
building a moderately prosperous society in all respects 全面建设小康社会
build a clean and honest government 廉政建设
build a conservation-minded society建设(资源)节约型社会
china's cross-century development我国的跨世纪发展
china's international standing我国的国际地位china's overall national strength 我国综合国力citizens' participation in political affairs 公民政治参与
civic duty公民职责
civil rights / civil liberties 公民权利、自由
civil servants公务员
creativity, cohesion and fighting capacity 创造力、凝聚力和战斗力
cross-straits negotiations 两岸谈判
cross-straits relations 两岸关系
crucial historical juncture 重大历史关头democratic decision-making 民主决策
democratic elections 民主选举
democratic management民主管理
Democratic Progressive Party 民进党
democratic supervision民主监督
Deng Xiaoping theory邓小平理论
deputy to the National People's Congress全国人大代表
extensive and profound博大精深
extravagance and waste铺张浪费
falsification 弄虚作假
family planning计划生育
federations of industry工商联
fetters of subjectivism and metaphysics主观主义和形而上学的桎梏
fight against "Taiwan Independence"反对“台独”good-neighborly relationship睦邻友好government functions政府职能
government institutions政府机构
government intervention 政府干预
government organs 政府机构
(have) a good government and a united people政通人和
historic breakthrough 历史性突破
hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping theory 高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜
honesty 诚实守信
honesty and high efficiency 廉洁高效
Hong Kong And Macao special administrative regions 香港、澳门特别行政区
ideological and moral education思想道德建设intellectuals 知识分子
intensify functions强化功能
international organizations 国际性组织international situation国际形势
iron out differences 化解歧见
keep pace with the times 与时俱进
kingpin支撑
long-term peace and order 长治久安
long-term social stability and solidarity长期社会安定团结
Macao 澳门
Mao Zedong thought 毛泽东思想
Marxism Leninism 马克思列宁主义
mass organizations人民团体
masters of the country当家作主
material and cultural needs of the people人民的物质文化需要
material and spiritual civilization 物质文明和精神文明
media and publicity work 宣传舆论工作moral kingpin 精神支撑
morality, intelligence, physique and art 德智体美national rejuvenation through science and education 科教兴国
national reunification祖国统一
national spirit民族精神
negotiations on peaceful reunification 和平统一谈判
neighborhood committee 居委会
NPC member 人大代表
our compatriots in Taiwan台湾同胞
our compatriots in the Hong Kong SAR 香港特别行政区同胞
our compatriots in the Macao SAR澳门特别行政区同胞
patriots from all walks of life 各界爱国人士patriotic democratic personages爱国民主人士patriotic united front爱国统一战线
peace and development和平与发展
peace, justice and progress和平，正义，进步problems facing agriculture, rural areas and farmers 农业、农村和农民问题
grain distribution system 粮食流通体制
reduce agricultural tax rate 降低农业税税率reform of rural taxes and administrative charges 农村税费改革
repeal taxes on special agricultural products取消农业特产税
rescind agricultural taxes in five years 五年内取消农业税
to alleviate rural poverty through development 农村扶贫开发
proceed from our national conditions 从我国国情出发
promote all-round social progress促进社会全面进步
realm of ideology意识形态领域
reform and opening-up改革开放
reform, development and stability改革发展稳定rule (run) the country by law依法治国
rule (run) the country by virtue以德治国
running the party, state and army治党治国治军survival and development生存和发展
sustainable development可持续发展
system of regional ethnic autonomy 民族区域自治制度
the Chinese people of all ethnic groups全国各族人民
the great cause of national reunification祖国统一大业
the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation中华民族的伟大复兴
the people of all social strata 社会各阶层人们
the provincial and municipal (prefectural) governments省、市（地）两级地方政府
the return of Hong Kong And Macao to the motherland香港和澳门回归祖国
the smooth transition of power平稳过渡
two conferences (NPC and CPPCC)两会（人大，政协）
unified, open, competitive and orderly 统一、开放、竞争、有序
unprecedented difficulties and pressure 空前巨大的困难和压力
vigilance against risks抗风险能力
vitality, creativity and cohesion of a nation民族的生命力、创造力和凝聚力
win -win co-operation强强联手
with a long history behind it源远流长
world outlook世界观
3. ) TOURISM
景点tourist spot; tourist attraction
山水风光scenery with mountains and rivers; landscape
名山大川famous mountains and great rivers
名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites
避暑胜地summer resort
度假胜地holiday resort
避暑山庄mountain resort 洞穴/岩洞cave; cavern
温泉hot spring
陵墓emperor’s
mausoleum/tomb
古墓ancient tomb
石窟grotto
祭坛altar
楼tower; mansion
台terrace
亭阁pavilion
桥bridges
溪streams
假山rockeries
塔pagoda; tower
廊corridor
石舫stone boat
蜜月度假胜地
honeymoon resort
国家公园national park
古建筑群ancient
architectural complex
佛教胜地Buddhist
sacred land
皇城imperial city
御花园imperial
garden
甲骨文inscription on
bones and tortoiseshells
古玩店antique/curio
shop
手工艺品artifact;
handicrafts
国画traditional
Chinese painting
天坛the Temple of
Heaven
紫禁城Forbidden City
故宫the Imperial
Palace
敦煌莫高窟Mogao
Grottoes in Dunhuang
玉佛寺the Jade Buddha
Temple
布达拉宫Potala
Palace
湖心亭mid-lake pavilion
保存完好well-preserved
工艺精湛exquisite
workmanship
景色如画picturesque
views
诱人景色inviting views
文化遗产cultural
heritage/ legacy
岩溶地形karst
topography
上有天堂，下有苏杭In heaven there is the
paradise, and on earth there are Suzhou and
Hangzhou. / As there is the paradise in heaven, so
there are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth.
五岳归来不看山，黄山归来不看岳Trips to China’s
five great mountains render trips to other mountains
unnecessary, and a trip to Huangshan renders trips to
the five great mountains unneeessary.
桂林山水甲天下The scenery of Guilin has been
called the finest
under heaven.
五岳five great mountains china’s five sacred/ divine mountains
天下第一奇山the most fantastic mountain under heaven
黄山四绝the four unique scenic features:
picturesque rocks,
legendary pines,
the sea of clouds
and hot springs 4.) 社会( 现象/ 问题)
abortion人工流产, 堕胎
abuse of power滥用职权
altruism 利他主义, 利他
an aging population 人口老龄化
anti-porn drive / campaign 扫黄运动
asylum .庇护(一国政府对他国政治难民提供的保护和豁免)
bigamy 重婚
birth rate 人口出生率
burglarproof door / antitheft door 防盗门
chain effect; domino effect 连锁反应
civic morality 社会公德
civility and harmony 文明祥和
community service 社区服务
corruption 贪污
court of ethics 道德法庭
crime 犯罪
arson 纵火, 纵火罪
complaint center 投诉中心
crimes committed by Mafia-like gangs 黑恶势力犯罪
drug rehabilitation center 戒毒所
drug trafficker 毒枭
drug-related crimes 毒品犯罪embezzlement 盗用公款
frequent property-related crimes 多发性侵财犯罪juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪
narcotics squad 缉毒队
organized crime 集团犯罪
robbery 抢劫
sexual harassment 性骚扰
shoplifting 在商店偷窃商品
smuggling 走私
theft 偷窃行为
violent crimes 严重暴力犯罪
demography / larithmics 人口统计学
DINK (Double Income No Kids) 丁克一族discrimination 歧视
age discrimination 年龄歧视discrimination against women 歧视妇女Feminism 男女平等主义；女权运动Feminist movement 女权运动
femininity .妇女特质, 柔弱性, 温柔
gender / sexual discrimination 性别歧视
job discrimination 工作歧视
male chauvinism 男权主义思想
politically correct (PC) 政治性正确的Masculinity 男性, 阳刚之气
sexism 男性至上主义, 蔑视女性
sexual harassment 性骚扰
drug abuse 吸毒
egalitarian 主张人人平等的n. 平等主义eliminate terrorism at root 消除恐怖主义的根源emotion quotient (EQ) 情商
family planning 计划生育
fine tradition 优秀传统
gambling 赌博
homosexual marriage 同性婚姻
sexual orientation n. 性取向
gray income 灰色收入
hardened professional (criminal)惯犯
have an affair / an ultra-marriage affair 婚外恋home for the aged / seniors' home敬老院
Hope Project 希望工程
household management service 家政服务illiteracy 文盲
income disparity 收入分化；贫富分化
infant mortality 婴儿死亡率
infiltrative, subversive and splittist activities 渗
透、颠覆和分裂活动
IPR (intellectual property right) 知识产权
piracy 非法翻印,盗版
bootleg 盗版
copyright law 版权法
copyright licensing business 版权贸易
copyright reserved; copyrighted 版权所有
royalty 版税
author's royalty 著者版税, 作者稿酬
copyright royalty 版税, 版权费
fight against illegal publications “打非”underground publications 地下出版物
anti-fake label 防伪标志
law of the jungle 弱肉强食法则
lawsuit 诉讼
[glossary] [扩展]
attorney <美>律师
prosecutor 公诉人
suspect 犯罪嫌疑人
defendant 被告
plaintiff 起诉人, 原告
jury 陪审团
case of public prosecution 公诉案件
notary / notarization 公证人/ 公证公证人是一种
专家证人，具有
国家公职人员
和自由职业的
双重属性。是公
务助理人员（或
称为司法辅助
官员）。
win a lawsuit 胜诉
appeal to a higher court上诉
charge 控告
drop a lawsuit 撤消控告
court of appeals上诉法庭
barrister (在英国有资格出席高等法庭并辩护的)律师, 法律顾问
solicitor（多用于英国）初级律师，只能在低级法庭出庭的律师
bar association 律师协会
capital punishment 死刑
life sentence 判处无期徒刑bail 保释
fine 罚款
local police station 派出所
Malthusian Theory of Population 马尔萨斯人口论material / spiritual culture 物质/ 精神文化migrant laborer民工
migrant rural workers 务工农民
minimum wage最低工资
money worship 拜金主义
morality 道德
nationwide census全国人口普查
nationwide fitness campaign 全民健身运动negative population growth (NPG) 人口负增长neighborhood committee / residents' committee居委会
Pandora's box潘多拉魔盒
pluralism多元文化论
polarization of rich and poor 贫富悬殊polarization of wealth贫富两极化；贫富分化popularity rate 普及率
poverty alleviation 扶贫
Poverty Relief Office 扶贫办公室
pro-choice主张人工流产为合法的
professional title 职称
protect legitimate rights and interests of women, minors and the handicapped 保障妇女、未成年人和残疾人的合法权益
quality of population人口素质
racism种族主义
acculturation 文化适应
assimilation 同化, 同化作用assimilate 吸收、同化
antiracism education 反种族主义教育colonialism 殖民主义
ethnic cleansing 种族清理(种族灭绝)
ethnic group 同种同文化之民族
ethnocentrism 民族优越感
race 人种
stereotype 陈词滥调、老一套
genocide 有计划的灭种和屠杀
Anti-Semite .反犹份子(的)
racial discrimination 种族歧视
bias 偏见
revoke license 吊销执照
sabotage 阴谋破坏, 怠工, 破坏vi. / vt。破坏single-parent family 单亲家庭
smuggled goods 水货
social evils 社会丑恶现象
social welfare lotteries社会福利彩票
social welfare 社会福利
food stamps 食品救济券
foreign aid 外援
Medicaid [美] 医疗补助
public education 公共教育, 学校教育
social security 社会保障
soup kitchen (救济贫民, 灾民的)施舍处, 流动厨房
sports lotteries 体育彩票
surplus rural labor (laborers) 农村剩余劳动力survival of the fittest 适者生存
temporary residence permit (card) 暂住证
the only child in one's family 独生子女
transient population 流动人口
upgrade the ideological and ethical standards 提高思想道德素质
urban legend 都市传奇
values 价值观
vicious circle 恶性循环
virtuous circle 良性循环
views on life 人生观
villagers committee 村民委员会
way of life / life style 生活方式
welfare lotteries 福利彩票
5) 健康
a period of debility n. 体能低落、衰弱期
acne n. 痤疮，粉剌
active sleep n. 积极睡眠
adrenalin n. 肾上腺素
adverse effect n. 反作用
aerobics n. 有氧运动
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) 艾滋病(获得性免疫缺陷综合)
allergy n. 过敏Alzheimer’s disease n. 老年痴呆症
anthrax n. 炭疽
anti-aging adj. 抗衰老
antibiotics n. 抗生素
antibody n. 抗体
anti-SARS campaign n. 抗非典斗争
arthritis n. 关节炎
artificial heart n. 人造心脏
artificial hormones n. 人造激素
asthma n. 哮喘
avian influenza (bird flu) n. 禽流感
B.O. (Body Odor) n. 体臭
backache n.背痛
bioengineering n. 生物工程
biologist n. 生物学家
bird flu n. 禽流感
bleeding n. 出血
blemish n. 瑕疵，疤痕
blister n. 水泡
blood circulation n. 血液循环
bruise n. / v. 瘀伤, 擦伤, 青紫
BSE (bovino spongiform encephalopathy) n. 疯牛病
burp n. 饱嗝儿, 打嗝v.打饱嗝
carbohydrate n. 碳水化合物
cardiac adj./n.心脏(病)的
cardiologist n. 心脏病专家
cholesterol n. 胆固醇
chronic adj. 慢性的
HBV carriers 乙型肝炎病毒携带者
cirrhosis of liver n. 肝硬化
(masked palm) civet n. 果子狸
cleanse v. 清洗, 净化
coma n.昏迷
comatose adj. 昏睡的，昏迷不醒的
coronary disease n. 冠心病
cough v./n. 咳嗽
coughing fit n. 咳嗽发作
craving n. 强烈的愿望
dandruff n. 头皮屑
deadly adj. 致命的
debilitate vt. 使衰弱, 使虚弱
dehydration n. 脱水
dementia n. 痴呆
deodorize vt. 除臭
dermatologist n. 皮肤科医生
dermatology n. 皮肤病学
eating disorder n. 食欲紊乱
elasticity n. 弹力，弹性
embryo n. 胚胎
epidemic adj.流行的, 传染的n.时疫, 流行病epidemic encephalitis B n. 流行性乙型脑炎euthanasia / mercy killing n. 安乐死
extrovert n. /adj. 性格外向的(人)
fatal n. 致命的
fertilization n. 授精
fetus n. 胎儿
fever n.发烧
fitness center n. 健康中心
fitness n. 健康
foot -and- mouth disease n. 口蹄疫
genes n. 基因
genetic information n. 遗传信息
genome n. 基因组
gestation n. 怀孕
GM food (genetically modified food) 转基因食品
GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms) 转基因生物
hatch v. / n. 孵化
health care products n. 保健品
herbal medicine 草药
heart attack n. 心脏病发作
heart failure n.心力衰竭
hepatitis n. 肝炎
herbal essence n. 草药精，草本精华
high blood pressure n. 高血压
high cholesterol n. 胆固醇过高HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) 人体免疫缺损病毒，艾滋病病毒
HIV-positive adj. 艾滋病病毒测试呈阳性hoarseness n.嘶哑, 刺耳
hormone n. 荷尔蒙，激素
immunity n. 免疫性
implant v. /n. 植入
in a vegetative state 处于植物人状态
infertility n. 不孕, 不育
insomnia n.失眠, 失眠症
introspective adj. 内省，内向的，
introvert n. / adj.性格内向的(人)
irritable adj. 急躁的
isolation n. 隔离
itching adj. 发痒的、渴望的
itchy adj. 使人发痒的，不安静的，神经质的IVF (in-vitro fertilization) n. 试管受精
laser treatment n. 激光疗法
lesion n. 感染的皮肤, 损伤
living donor n. （活体）器官捐献者maternity leave 产假
matrix n.子宫
menopause n. 更年期
mental deterioration n. 神经退化、衰弱
mental disorder n. 精神紊乱
metabolism n. 新陈代谢
migraine n. 偏头痛
mortality rate n. 死亡率
nutrient adj. 有营养的，养分
nutrition n. 营养，营养学
obesity n. 肥胖症
odds n. 可能的机会；几率
odor n. 气味
offspring n. 后代
OTC drugs n. 非处方药
outbreak n. (疫情等)暴发
paralysis n. 瘫痪
Parkinson’s disease n. 帕金森综合症
passive smoking / second- hand smoking n. 被动
吸烟
personal hygiene n. 个人卫生
pimple n. 丘疹，面泡，青春豆
plague n. 瘟疫
pulse n. 脉搏
quarantine n. /v. 隔离
rabies n. 狂犬病
regenerate v. 再生
remedy n. 药物，治疗，矫正
renal adj. 肾脏
respirator n. 口罩；人工呼吸器
a canister respirator n. 防毒面具
SARS-affected area n. 非典疫区
SARS epidemic n. 非典型性肺炎
slow-wave sleep n. 慢波睡眠
smallpox n. 天花
sneeze v. / n.打喷嚏
snore n./ v. 打鼾, 鼾声
sore throat n. 喉咙痛
soreness n. 痛，痛楚
spasm n. 痉挛
sperm bank n. （为人工授精提供精子的）精子库
sperm donor n. 捐献精子的人
STD （Sexually Transmitted Disease）n. 性传染病
stem cell n. 干细胞
sterile adj. 不育的，无结果的，消毒过的，无菌的
stiff neck n. 落枕
stolid adj. 神经麻木的, 感觉迟钝的stress n. 压力，焦虑
transplant n./ v. 移植
trauma n. 外伤，（心理）创伤
vaccine n. 疫苗
vivacious adj. 性格活泼的，快活的
voluntary and confidential testing 自愿的，保密的测试
womb n. 子宫wrinkle n. 皱纹
6) TCM 中医
中医名著famous TCM work
《黄帝内经》Huang Di’s Classic of Internal Medicine / Y ellow Emperor's Canon of Traditional Chinese Medicine
《神农本草经》Shennong’s Herbal Classic
《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica 《易经》I Ching; Book of Change
万物人为贵nothing compares to a human life
救死扶伤healing the sick and saving the dying
阴阳yin-yang, the two opposing and complementary principles in nature
相生相克mutual generation and restriction
对立制约mutually opposing and constraining
互根互用interdependent and mutually promoting
相互转化mutually transformational
新陈代谢metabolism
针灸acupuncture
针刺疗法acupuncture
艾炙疗法moxibustion
推拿medical massage
穴位acupuncture point
针刺麻醉acupuncture anesthesia
综合医院general hospital
中医部TCM section/ department
拔火罐疗法(Chinese) cupping therapy
刮痧疗法skin scraping therapy with water, liquor or vegetable oil
理疗physical therapy
切脉feeling the pulse
偏方folk prescription
秘方secret prescription (normally of excellent curative effect)
祖传秘方secret prescription handed down from one's ancestors
阴阳五行学说the theory of yin-yang and five
elements (metal, wood, water, fire and earth)
心heart
肝liver
脾spleen
胃stomach
肺lung
肾kidney
内伤七情（喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊）internal causes (joy, anger, worry, thought, grief, fear and surprise)
外感六淫(风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火) external causes (wind, cold, heat, wetness, dryness and fire)
中药四性four properties of medicinal herb
寒cold
热hot
温warm
凉cool
中药五味five tastes of medicinal herb
酸sour
苦bitter
甜sweet
辣spicy
咸salty
按摩message therapy
减肥lose weight
经络main and collateral channels inside human body; meridian
食补保健maintain good health through the intake of nourishing food
太极拳Tai chi quan; Tai chi Chuan; Taijiquan boxing
延缓衰老to defer senility
药典pharmacopoeia
有机整体an organic whole
瑜珈yoga
中国古代药王神农氏Shennong, herbal medicine master of ancient China
中华医学会Chinese Medical Association
安全第一，预防为主safety first, precaution crucial.
7) 科技
科学发展观concept of scientific development
全民科学文化素质scientific and cultural qualities of the entire people
发展科技scientific and technological advancement
科教兴国revitalize China through science and education
农业技术agricultural technology
生态农业environmental-friendly agriculture
无土栽培soil -less cultivation
BP机, 传呼beeper, pager
背投屏幕rear projection screen
不明飞行物unidentified flying object (UFO) 操作系统operating system
产品科技含量technological element of a product
创新innovation
电话会议teleconference
电话留言机answering machine
对讲机talkie and walkie
多媒体multimedia
防抱死系统ABS (anti-lock braking system)
孵化器incubator
高产优质high yield and high quality
高技术产业化apply high technology to production
高科技板块high-tech sector
高科技园high-tech park
个人数字助理PDA (personal digital assistant)
工业园区industrial park
国家质量技术监督局the State Bureau of
Quality and Technical Supervision
国家重点实验室national key laboratories
火炬计划Torch Program (a plan to develop new and high technology)
计算机中央处理器central processing unit(CPU)
技术密集产品technology-intensive product
交叉学科interdisciplinary branch of science
科技成果转化为生产力transfer of scientific and
technological
achievements into
productive forces
科技含量technology content
科技基础设施science and technology infrastructure 科技是第一生产力Science and technology constitute a primary productive force
科技体制改革reform of the science and technology management system
科技与经济脱节science and technology are out of line from the economy
可持续发展战略strategy of sustainable development 纳米nanometer
三峡水利枢纽工程the key water control project at the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River
物种起源origin of species
新兴学科new branch of science
研究成果research results
在孵企业incubated enterprises
自动取款机automatic teller machine (ATM)
自然科学与社会科学的交叉融合integration of natural and social sciences
IT 信息技术
信息港info port
信息高地information highland
信息高速公路information superhighway
信息革命information revolution
信息含量information content
信息化informationization
信息技术处理ITA –Information Technology Agreement
信息检索information retrieval
办公自动化OA (Office Automation)
笔记本电脑laptop / notebook / portable computer 电脑病毒computer virus
电脑犯罪computer crime
电子管理e-management
电子货币e-currency
电子商务e-business; e-commerce
电子商务认证e-business certification
电子邮件E-mail 非对称数字用户环路ADSL (Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop)
高速宽带互联网high-speed broadband networks
公告板BBS (bulletin board system)
光盘杂志CD-ROM magazine
广域网W AN (wide area net word)
汉字处理软件Chinese character processing software
黑客hacker
计算机2000年问题Y2K problem
计算机辅助教育CAI –computer assisted instruction 计算机辅助设计CAD-computer assisted design
计算机合成制造CAM-computer assisted manufacturing
计算机中央处理器CPU – central processing unit 超文本传送协议hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
界面interface
金融电子化computerized financial services
局域网LAN – local area network
互联网服务提供商ISP (Internet Service Provider)
全球移动通信系统( 全球通) global
system for mobile communications (GSM)
刻录机CD burner
宽带接入broadband access
宽带网broadband networks
内联网、局域网(计算机) Intranet
垃圾邮件junk mail
千年问题、千年虫millennium bug; Y2K bug
人工智能AI – artificial intelligence
人机交互human - computer interaction
人机交互human-computer interaction
虚拟人visual human
虚拟网virtual net
虚拟网virtual net
虚拟现实virtual reality
虚拟银行virtual bank
因特网服务提供商ISP- internet service provider
万维网World Wide Web(WWW)
应用软件internet applications
域名domain
在线on line
掌上电脑palm computer
政府上网工程Government Online Project
只读存储器read-only-memory
(ROM)
智能感知技术perceptive technology
智能终端intelligent terminal
中文信息处理系统Chinese information processing system
数码科技digital technology
高保真Hi-Fi ( High Fidelity)
高清晰度电视high definition TV (HDTV)
光谷optical valley
光通讯optical communication
蓝光光盘Blue -ray Disc
数码港cyber port
数字地球digital globe
数字蜂窝移动通信digital cellular mobile telecommunications
三维电影three-dimensional movie
三维动画three-dimensional animation
[详析]“蓝光光盘”利用蓝色的激光
束来刻录数据。目前的光盘均使用
红色的激光束来进行刻录工作。
液晶显示屏LCD – liquid crystal display
逐行扫描progressive scan (high-frequency mode)
视频点播VOD-video on demand
搜索引擎(计算机) search engine
统一资源定位器URL-uniform Resource Locator
下载download
英特网internet
万维网WWW – World Wide Web
网吧internet café, internet bar
网恋cyber romance; virtual romance
网络出版online publishing
网络管理员network administrator
网络空间cyber space
网络恐怖主义Cyber terrorism
网络摄像机web cam
网络世界cyber world
网络文化cyber culture
网民netizen
网上冲浪web-surfing
网上犯罪cyber crime
网上购物on-line shopping
网上交易平台online trading platform
网上书店online bookstore
网页web page
网站website
cellular / mobile phone 移动电话；手机
[扩展]
第三代移动通信系统3-G (Generation
Three mobile communication system)
多媒体短信服务MMS (Multimedia
Messaging Service)
文本短信服务SMS (Short Messaging Service)
文本短信语言texting (e.g. gr8 = great)
无绳电话cordless telephone
无线保真Wi-Fi (wireless Fidelity)
无线应用协议W AP –wireless application protocol
移动电话双向收费two-way charges for cell phones
能上网的手机W AP phone
增强型短信服务EMS (Enhanced Message Service)
程控电话program -controlled telephone
生物技术bio-technology
[扩展]
克隆cloning
生物芯片biochip
基因工程genetic engineering
基因突变genetic mutation
基因图谱genome
转基因动植物genetically modified animals and plants
转基因生物genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
转基因食品GM food (genetically modified food)
B超type -B ultrasonic
试管婴儿test- tube baby
试管受精in-vitro fertilization (IVF)
干细胞stem cell
空间科学Space Science
[扩展]
发射成功successful launch
风云二号气象卫星Fengyun II meteorological satellite
神舟五号载人飞船manned spacecraft Shenzhou V
同步卫星geostationary satellite
全球定位系统GPS (global positioning system)
首航maiden voyage (of an aircraft or ship)
外层空间outer space
外星人extraterrestrial being (ET)
卫星导航satellite navigation
8) 环保
afforestation n. 绿化造林
afforestation drive n.绿化运动
agricultural ecology 农业生态学
artificial rain n.人工降雨
biosphere n. 生物圈
car exhaust n.汽车尾气
carbon dioxide (CO2) n. 二氧化碳
Carbon monoxide (CO) n. 一氧化碳
China’s guiding principle for environmental protection国家环保基本方针
clean energy n. 清洁能源
clean fuels n. 清洁燃料
contamination n. 污染
deforestation n.森林开伐
desertification n.（土壤）沙漠化，荒漠化disaster -affected area n. 受灾地区
drought n. 旱灾
dust storm; sand storm n. 沙尘暴
El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (气候学)厄
尔尼诺南徊现象emission n. 排气（如汽车废气等）；排放物environmentalist n. 环境保护主义者environment-friendly products 环保产品
flood n. 洪水；洪灾
fog n. 雾
food chain 食物链
forest coverage rate 森林覆盖率
forestation n. 造林
fossil fuel 矿物燃料如石油、煤、天然气等，由古代生物衍生而成
fungi, molds, bacteria and viruses 真菌, 霉菌, 细菌，病毒
global warming 全球变暖
grain for green 退耕还林(还草)
grassland n 草地，草原
greenhouse effect 温室效应
greenhouse gases温室气体
ground depression 面沉降；地面塌陷groundwater n. 地下水
heat island effect 热岛效应
La Nina phenomenon (气候)拉尼娜现象
land subsidence; ground depression 地面沉降monsoon n. 季候风；（印度等地的）雨季, 季风
mosquito control 蚊虫控制
Mount Qomolangma/ Mount Everest 珠穆朗玛峰Natural disasters/ hazards n. 自然灾害、危害[扩展]
debris flow n. 泥石流
drought n.干旱
dust storm n. 沙尘暴
extratropical cyclone n. 温带气旋
earthquake n. 地震
flooding n.洪水, 水灾
forest fire n. 森林火灾
hail n. 冰雹
hurricane n.飓风
hurricane warning n. 飓风警报
hurricane watch n. 飓风监视
storm surge n. 风暴潮
tidal wave ( a tsunami) n. 海啸
tornado n.旋风, 龙卷风
tropical cyclone n. 热带气旋
tropical storm n. 热带风暴
typhoon n. 台风
volcano erupting n. 火山暴发
natural reserve / natural preservation zone 自然保护区
natural resource protection areas 自然资源保护区
Planet n. 行星
[扩展]
Planet Earth 地球
Planet Jupiter 木星
Planet mars 火星
Planet Mercury 水星
Planet Neptune 海王星
Planet Pluto 冥王星
Planet Saturn 土星
Planet Uranus 天王星
Planet V enus 金星Pollutant n. 污染物质
renewable resources可再生资源
reservoir n.水库, 蓄水池
smog n. 工业烟雾, 烟雾污染
temperate adj.温和的
Three Gorges Project 三峡工程
Three Gorges reservoir 三峡水库
tropical rain forest 热带雨林
traffic congestion 交通拥塞
UV (ultraviolet) n. 紫外线
urbanization n. 城市化
urbanite n. 都市人
volcanoes n. 火山
water loss and soil erosion 水土流失
9) 教育
函授学院correspondence school
附中middle / high school affiliated to …
政治思想教育political and ideological education 自学成才to become educated through independent study
奖学金scholarship; fellowship; financial grant
领取助学金的学生a grant-aided student
博士生Ph.D candidate
博士后post–doctoral
毕业生分配graduate placement
成人高考/自学考试the national higher education exams for self-taught adults
成人教育adult education
充电update one's knowledge
初等教育elementary education
大学城college town
大学社区college community
大专文凭associate degree
分数mark; grade
成绩单transcript
毕业论文(大学)paper; （研）thesis; （博）dissertation
实习internship; field work
毕业典礼graduation ceremony; commencement
毕业证书certificate
高等教育higher education
高等学府institution of higher education
综合性大学comprehensive university
文科院校colleges of (liberal) arts
理工科大学college / university of science and engineering
师范学院teachers' college / normal college
工科大学polytechnic university
农学院college of agriculture
医学院medical school
中医院institute of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
音乐学院music school
美术学院academy of fine arts
高分低能high scores and low abilities
高考(university / college) entrance examination 高校扩招the college expansion plan
国家普通话水平考试National Proficiency Test of Putonghua (Mandarin)
函授大学correspondence university
教授professor
副教授associate professor
客座教授visiting professor; guest professor
讲师lecturer
助教assistant
辅导员assistant for political and ideological work 教研室/组teaching and research section/group
教学法pedagogy; teaching method
教育界education circle
教育投入input in education
九年义务教育nine-year compulsory education
考研take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools
课外的extracurriculum
课外活动extracurricular activities
课堂讨论class discussion
必修课required / compulsory course
选修课elective / optional course
基础课basic course
专业课specialized course
课程表school schedule
研究小组；讨论会seminar
教学大纲teaching program; syllabus
学习年限period of schooling
学历record of formal schooling
学年school/academic year
学期(school)term; semester
学分credit
两院院士academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering
启发式教学heuristic education
热门话题hot topic
人才交流talents exchange
人才战competition for talented people
商务英语证书Business English Certificate (BEC) 设计学院academy of design
体育学院institute of physical culture
适龄儿童入学率enrolment rate for children of school age
授予某人学位to confer a degree on / to sb. /for sth (e.g. thesis)
升学率proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade
（国家）助学金(state)stipend/subsidy/ financial aid 硕博联读 a continuous academic project that involves postgraduate and doctoral study
松江大学城Songjiang College Town
素质教育quality-oriented education
填鸭式教学cramming method of teaching
脱产进修block release
短训班short-term training course
师生员工faculty, students and staff
教学人员the faculty; teaching staff
中、小学校长headmaster/headmistress; principal 大专院校校长(美)president; （英）chancellor ; vice-chancellor
教务长, (系)主任dean
希望工程Project Hope
小组讨论group discussions
校训school motto
校友alumnus(男); alumna（女）pl. alumni; alumnae 学生会students' union/association
走读生extern; non-resident student
住宿生boarder
旁听生auditor
研究生graduate student; post-graduate (student)
应届毕业生graduating student; current year’s graduate
课程course; curriculum
校园数字化campus digitalization
校园文化campus culture
学分credit points
学汉语热enthusiasm in learning Chinese
学历教育education with record of formal schooling
学龄儿童school-ager
学前教育preschool education
学生减负alleviate the burden on students
学时credit hours
学位证书degree certificate
学英语热enthusiasm in learning English
义务教育compulsory education
应试教育exam-oriented education
优化教师队伍optimize the teaching staff
在职博士生on-job doctorate
在职研究生on-job postgraduates
招生办公室admission office
招生就业指导办公室enrolment and placement office
职业道德work ethics
职业高中（职高）vocational high school
职业教育vocational education
三学期制the trimester system
定向招生students are admitted to be trained for pre-determined employers
示范试点demonstration pilot project
动员mobilize
多学科的multi-disciplinary
重点大学key university
被授权be authorized to do
博士后科研流动站center for post-doctoral studies 国家发明奖National Invention Prize
国家自然科学奖National Prize for Natural Sciences
国家科技进步奖National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology 学术报告会，专题讨论会symposium/ seminar
记者招待会press conference
国家教委State Education Commission
国家统计局State Statistical Bureau
国家教育经费national expenditure on education
财政拨款financial allocation
职业培训job training
职业文盲functional illiterate
专职教师full-time teacher
智力引进recruit / introduce (foreign) talents
智商intelligence quotient (IQ)
中等教育secondary education
主观能动性subjective initiative
助学行动activity to assist the impoverished students
准博士all but dissertation (ABD)
自费留学go to study abroad at one's own expense
自费研究生self-supporting/ self-sponsored graduate student
10) 文化
四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China [扩展]
火药gunpowder
印刷术printing
造纸术paper-making
指南针the compass
四书The Four Books
[扩展]
《大学》The Great Learning
《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean
《论语》The Analects of Confucius
《孟子》The Mencius
中国画traditional Chinese painting
书法calligraphy
水墨画Chinese brush painting; ink and wash painting
工笔traditional Chinese realistic painting
孙子兵法The Art of War
汉字Chinese character
华夏祖先the Chinese ancestors
单音节single syllable
汉语有“合理的逻辑性”Chinese language is “soberly logical” (Edward Sapir, American linguist) 汉语四声调the four tones of Chinese characters
[扩展]
level tone阳平
rising tone阴平
falling-rising tone上声
falling tone去声
武术martial art
中国武术Kung fu
武术门派styles or schools of martial art
习武健身practice martial art for fitness
气功Qigong, deep breathing exercises
拳击boxing
中国文学Chinese literature
[扩展]
《三国演义》Three Kingdoms
《西游记》Journey to the West; Pilgrimage to the West
《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions
《山海经》the Classic of Mountains and Rivers 《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror；
Comprehensive History Retold as a
Mirror for Rulers
《西厢记》the Romance of West Chamber
《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes; Tales of the
Water Margin
《聊斋志异》Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio;
Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio 《围城》Fortress Besieged
《阿Q正传》The True Story of Ah Q
春秋the Spring and Autumn Annals
史记Historical Records
诗经The Books of Songs；the Book of Odes
书经The Books of History
易经I Ching; the Book of Changes
礼记the Book of Rites
孝经Book of Filial Piety
三字经three-character scripture；three-word chant
八股文eight-part essay; stereotyped writing
五言绝句five-character quatrain
七言律诗seven-character octave
重要文化遗产major cultural heritage
优秀民间艺术outstanding folk arts
文物cultural relics
中国结Chinese knot
旗袍Cheongsam
中山装Chinese tunic suit
唐装traditional Chinese garments (clothing)，Tang suit
景泰蓝cloisonné
朝廷使者royal court envoy
文人men of letters
雅士refined scholars
表演艺术performing art
现代流行艺术popular art, pop art 纯艺术high art
高雅艺术refined art
电影艺术cinematographic art
戏剧艺术theatrical art
[扩展]
生(男性正面角色) male (the positive male role)
旦(女性正面角色) female (the positive female role)
净(性格鲜明的男性配角) a supporting male role with striking character
丑(幽默滑稽或反面角色) a clown or a negative role
花脸painted role
歌舞喜剧musical
滑稽场面, 搞笑小噱头shtick
滑稽短剧skit
京剧人物脸谱Peking Opera Mask
皮影戏shadow play; leather-silhouette show
说书story-telling
叠罗汉make a human pyramid
折子戏opera highlights
踩高跷stilt walk
哑剧pantomime; mime
哑剧演员pantomimist
戏剧小品skit
马戏circus show
单口相声monologue comic talk, standup comedy
特技表演stunt
相声witty dialogue comedy, comic cross talk
杂技acrobatics
京韵大鼓the traditional story-telling in Beijing
dialect with drum accompaniment 秦腔shaanxi opera
篆刻sealcutting
工艺, 手艺workmanship / craftsmanship
卷轴scroll
蜡染batik
泥人clay figure
漆画lacquer painting
唐三彩Trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty
文房四宝The four stationery treasures of the Chinese study --- a writing brush, an ink stick, an ink stone and paper
民间传说folklores
寓言fable
传说legend
神话mythology
古为今用,洋为中用make the past serve the present and the foreign serve china 赋诗inscribe a poem 对对联matching an antithetical couplet
阳历Solar calendar
公历Gregorian calendar
阴历Lunar calendar
天干heavenly stem
地支earthly branch
闰年leap year
二十四节气the twenty-four solar terms
十二生肖zodiac
本命年one's year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches
传统节日traditional holidays
春节Spring Festival
元宵节Lantern Festival (15th day of the first lunar month)
清明节Pure Brightness Festival / Tomb-sweeping Day (April the 5th)
端午节Dragon Boat Festival (5th of the fifth lunar month)
中秋节Moon Festival / Mid-Autumn Day (15th of the eight lunar month)
重阳节Double Ninth Day / the Aged Day
秦始皇帝First Emperor, Emperor Chin
皇太后Empress Dowager
汉高祖刘邦founder of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)
成吉思汗Genghis Khan ; Temujin
才子佳人gifted scholars and beautiful ladies 文明摇篮cradle of civilization
夏朝Xia Dynasty
明清两代(of) Ming and Qing dynasties
中华文明Chinese civilization
文明摇篮cradle of civilization
地名：特别注意四川和陕西拼法
四川Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan
陝西Shaanxi
古文明研究中心Research Center for Ancient Civilizations
中外学者Chinese and overseas scholars
考古学家archaeologists
人类学家anthropologist
历史学家historian
地理学家geographer
11) 体育, 娱乐
2008夏季奥运会2008 summer Olympics 主办2008年奥运会host the 2008 Olympic Games
奥运会火炬Olympic torch
奥运村Olympic village
奥运选手Olympian
奥运会核心精神the core spirit of the Olympic games
更快、更高、更强Citius, Altius, Fortius
东道国host country
主办城市host city
冬奥会Olympic Winter Games
国际奥委会IOC (International Olympic Committee)
会歌anthem
会徽emblem
申办bid
申办成功win the bidding
板球criket
公开赛open / open tournament
锦标赛championships
国家体育总局State Physical Culture Administration
健美运动bodybuilding
教练coach / trainer
举重weight lifting
马术equitation
球类运动ball games
赛马horse race
射击shooting
射箭archery
室内运动indoor sports
室外运动outdoor sports
体育道德、运动家精神sportsmanship
田径track and field
跳高high jump
跳远long jump
马拉松marathon
职业选手professional athlete
自行车赛cycling
跨栏hurdle race
体操gymnastics
接力赛relay race
冰球hockey
娱乐recreation / entertainment
《伯尔尼公约》（有关保护文学和艺术作品版权的公约）Berne Convention
茶道sado
宠物医院pet clinic
大开眼界open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener
大众传媒mass media (of communications)
狗仔队paparazzo (singular),
paparazzi(plural)
广告妙语punch line
吉尼斯世界记录Guinness Book of Records
家庭影院home theater
票房box office
泼水节Water-Sprinkling Festival
群众精神文化生活people's cultural life
人体彩绘body painting
迪斯尼乐园Disneyland
米老鼠Mickey mouse
唐老鸭Donald Duck
特技演员stunt man
替身演员stand-in; double
选美beauty contest, beauty pageant
综艺节目variety show
沪江英语绿宝书之 2011年3月上海中级口译考试 听力原文及解析 SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (45 minutes) Part A: Spot Dictation Directions:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. My topic for today?s lecture is communication, culture and work. When most people use the word culture, they think of people from different national backgrounds. National cultures certainly do exist and they play an important role in shaping the way people communicate, but there are other dimensions of culture too. Within a nation, regional differences can exert a powerful influence on communication. New Yorkers and Alaskans may find one another?s styles of behaving so different that they might as well be from different countries. Race and ethnicity can also shape behavior. So can age. The customs, values and attitudes of a twenty-year-old girl may vary radically from those of her parents who were raised in the 1960s or her grandparents who lived through the Great Depression and World War Ⅱ. Still, other differences can create distinctive cultures. Gender, sexual orientation, physical disabilities, religion and socio-economic background are just a few. All of these factors lead to a definition of culture as a set of values, beliefs, norms, customs, rules and codes that lead people to define themselves as a distinct group, giving them a sense of commonality. It?s important to realize that culture is learned, not innate.A Korean-born infant adopted soon after her birth by American parents and raised in the United States will think and act differently than his or her cousins who grew up in Seoul. An African American who grew up in the inner city will view the world differently than he or she would if raised in the suburbs or in a country like France where African heritage has different significance than it does in the United States. The norms and values we learn as part of our cultural conditioning shape the way we view the world and the way we interact with one another. In short, culture has such an overwhelming influence on communication that famous anthropologist Edward Hall once remarked, …culture is communication and communication is culture.?
中口考试流程
整体思路 一句话概括口译听力训练“听得懂、记得住、写得快” 听得懂 复习思路：听力有效词汇量，熟悉背景知识及常考套路，适应各类发音现象 练习内容：VOA，BBC标准语速及类似难度的听抄与跟读练习，昂立教师博客听抄练习，高级口译笔试听力Q6-10新闻题听抄练习 记得住 复习思路：个人笔记习惯训练，属于自己的笔记符号，以复述强化短期记忆 练习内容： *0709-030910套真题中的SpotDictation＋Sentence/PassageTranslation（中级包括statements，高级包括Note-TakingandGap-Filling） *听力教程（Statements＋非对话类的篇章＋Sentence/PassageTranslation）（中级包括statements） *昂立版预测试卷（8套） 写得快 复习思路：强化“在规定时间内写下想表达的大意”，熟练，果断 专项练习 SpotDictation 复习思路：记录单词快速、准确、精炼，熟悉自己的书写习惯，快速誊写
练习内容：真题（10），昂立版预测试卷（8），听力教程（12/16） 评分标准：20题，每题分，共计30分。只对名、动、形、副词直接扣分，其余错误作标记，统一酌情扣1-3分 17％oftheemployees分) 请对以下答案模拟打分： 卷面回答一：70%oftheemployees 卷面回答二：17%ofemployee 卷面回答三：17%oftheemployers 保底分数：70%，21分 潜力指数：★★★★ 重要性指数：★★★★ 对三类单词的不同处理 本身难度较大的词 syntheticfertilizers,lucrative,discernable,obsolete,dismantling不妨放弃 发音带来难度的词processedfood,frostresistant,safeforhumanconsumption 通读补全 常考的核心词 communication,unconsciously,cooperation,satisfaction,relationship熟练书写 对考试难度的正确理解：以0703中级真题的部分答案为例 atfault coverup
上海市英语中级口译笔试答案
1997.9 上海市英语中级口译资格证书第一阶段考试 参考答案: SECTION1:LISTENING TEST Part A: Spot Diction 1. feel healthy 2. content 3. on average 4. six minutes 5. laugh more 6. 400 times 7. adulthood 8. growing up 9. effects of laughter 10. blood and stomach 11. physical exercises 12. facial and stomach 13. jogging 14. pain relief 15. forty university students
16. funny cassette 17. intended to relax 18. tolerate the discomfort 19. humour 20. immune system Part B: Listening Comprehension 1-5 B D C A D 6-10 D D C B B 11-15 B D A A C 16-20 D A B A D 21-25 B D C A C 26-30 D A C B C Part C: Listening and Translation Ⅰ.Sentence Translation 1.这类独特的酒被认为是世界上最好的一种酒。 2.由于她打算扩店，她开价要买下隔壁的房产。 3.我再也不准备容忍你的无能。你被开除了。 4.会上有人提议在委员会里应该有一位教工代
历年上海中级口译听力部分录音文稿（97.3 － 08.9） 97．3 SECTION 1：LISTENING TEST Part A: Spot Dictation The development of the Space Shuttle has dramatically reduced the cost of sending loads into space. The Shuttle takes off from Earth like a rocket, and lands again like a huge aircraft. It can transport not only its own crew, but also passengers, and has a huge cargo-hold which is capable of carrying large satellites or a space laboratory. Before the Space Shuttle was created, it was necessary to plan trips into space several years in advance. However, for the rest of the century it should be possible to make space flights every week or so. Any scientist or engineer needing to travel into orbit will simply take the next Shuttle flight, stay as long as necessary, and then return at his or her convenience. It is difficult to imagine the immense opportunities created by the Shuttle. One of the great advantages of having a reusable space vehicle is that it can take one load after another into orbit. Very large space stations could not be launched in their complete form directly from Earth, but they could be built piece by piece in space. The Space Shuttle is likely to be used as a general ―workhorse‖ for the rest of this century, and the building of such stations in orbit should become commonplace. Once these huge orbiting space stations are completed, they are likely to become the platforms from which hundreds of robot space ships could be launched cheaply and easily to explore the solar system and to start mining operations on the Moon. The technology needed for this is already developed and available. And because of commercial and military pressures to develop space technology, it is likely that governments will be increasingly willing to start extensive programs of space engineering, exploration and research. Part B: Listening Comprehension Ⅰ. Statements Question No. 1. Jane remained in London for the summer. Question No. 2. Daniel requested that he be transferred to Tokyo to start a new branch. Question No. 3. According to our correspondent, the rain has flooded several areas of South India. Question No. 4. Jason ran across his former college teacher during a business trip to Chicago. Question No. 5. The plane was due at 9：30, but has been delayed half an hour. Question No. 6. I‘d have bought Smith‘s computer if I had known he was selling it. Question No. 7. Please let me know whether you will come to the meeting or not. Question No. 8. May I suggest Friday for our trip to Hong Kong? Question No. 9. We tried to persuade him not to go to Australia, but in vain. Question No. 10. When they were searching the area, the police all but caught the thieves. Ⅱ. Talks and Conversations Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following announcement. This is the final for Olympic Airways to Athens flight number OA260. Any remaining passengers must go immediately to gate 2 where the flight is now closing. Olympic Airways flight number OA 260 closing now at gate 2. Scandinavian Airlines to Stockholm, flight number Sk528 now boarding at gate 4. Passengers to New York. British Airways regret to advise a delay of 35 minutes on their flight number BA175 to New York. That is a delay of 35 minutes on British Airways flight number BA 175 to New York. Austrian Airlines to Vienna, flight number OS455 now boarding at gate 8. Austrian Airlines flight number OS455 boarding now at gate 8. Question No.11. Where is this announcement most probably made? Question No.12. Which of the following statements is true about a about the Qlympic Airways
1）香港是在国家走向盛世的背景下回归到祖国的怀抱的 HK returned to its motherland at the time of her rise to power 6，中国是世界上经济增长最快的国家之一 1）众所周知，亚洲是全球经济发展最为迅速的地区，中国是亚洲经济增长最快的国家，上海市中国经济发展最引人注目的城市之一。（Asia has the fastest growing economy in the world while china’s economic development /takes the lead /leads/tops in Asia. And shanghai is among the cities ）7,出现这样的投资热有许多缘由1)投资热there are many reasons/ factors for this investment fever/rush (contribute to, attribute to) 2）the phenomenal success has led to a worldwide fever to proliferate https://www.doczj.com/doc/015207994.html, companies, both as a prestigious symbol and a quicker way to wealth.硅谷巨大的成功在全世界范围内掀起了一股兴办网络公司的热潮，因为网络公司既是身份的象征优势快速致富的途径 3）TV violence has swollen the torrent of real-life crime.电视暴力镜头对生活中的犯罪现象起到了推波助澜的作用 4）文化是指一个民族的整体生活方式culture means/is/ refers to the total way of life of a nation. 5）经济学的研究对象是在变化着的市场上人们的购买行为economics studies/examines the changing purchase behavior of consumers. 6）心理学主要研究的是人psychology treats /studies people. 7）当代市场营销学认为从经济的角度上消费决定生产。Modern marketing subscribes to the notion that production is justified by 8，很重视对外开放attach great important to/ put much emphasis on opening to the outside world.
上海中高级口译考试全解析 上海外语口译资格证书考试已经进行了将近十年，目前报考的人数越来越多，依然有很多第一次接触到口译考试的朋友对此考试感到疑惑，这里出一个解答的汇总，希望能解决大家心中的疑问1、口译报考新手入门常见问题解答2、英语中高级口译考试考试对象、考试流程、证书用途口译报考新手入门常见问题解答 上海市外语口译证书考试还有很多别名。比如我们通常叫的上海口译考试、中高级口译证书考试……目前十分火热，且报考人数连年增长，这里针对新手报考口译考试通常会遇到的一些问题做了一系列整理，帮大家理清思路，搞清楚这到底是个怎样的口译考试 问：什么是上海市外语口译证书考试？ 答：上海市外语口译证书考试是上海紧缺人才培训工程重要项目之一，由上海市高校浦东继续教育中心（PCEC）负责组织实施。自1995年6月开考到现在，已有几十万人报考。考试通过者（含笔试和口试）获得由上海紧缺人才培训工程联席会议办公室颁发的《上海市外语口译岗位资格证书》 问：上海市外语口译证书考试有哪些考试项目？
答：目前的考试项目有四个。它们是英语高级口译、英语中级口译、日语口译、英语口译基础能力。 问：这四个项目的考试费用是怎样的？ 答：在上海地区，考试收费标准由上海市物价部门审核批准。英语高级口译笔试、口试各210元； 英语中级口译笔试、口试各180元；日语口译笔试、口试各200元； 英语基础能力笔试、口试共200元。 （以上费用为上海地区考务费、报名费，外省市考点的考生另增加代办费）。也就是说不同地区的报名费会略有高低不同，以当地报名点的报名费用为主。 问：通过考试，我可以拿到什么证书？ 答：英语高级口译、英语中级口译、日语口译笔试、口试全部合格者颁发《上海市外语口译岗位资格证书》； 笔试合格者可办理《上海市外语口译笔试合格证书》；对英语口译基础能力笔试、口试全部合格者颁发《上海市英语口译基础能力合格证书》。 问：要拿到《上海市外语口译岗位资格证书》，我需要通过哪几项考试？ 答：上海市外语口译证书考试通常分为两部分，即笔试和口试。考生必须首先报考笔试，通过笔试部分考核的考生才能报考口
1上海市英语中级口译证书第二阶段考试试题集锦 (201009) 口语题 Directions: Talk on the following topic for at least 3 minutes. Be sure to make your points clear and supporting details adequate. You should also be ready to answer any questions raised by the examiners during your talk. You need to have your name and registration number recorded. Start your talk with “My name is…”，”My registration number is…” Topic: Can shopping vouchers increase consumption? Questions for Reference: 1.To stimulate consumption, which is more effective, tax reduction or shopping vouchers? 2.What are the major purposes of issuing shopping vouchers? 3.In what way can the shopping vouchers best be distributes? Shall every citizen be given the same amount of shopping vouchers or should the vouchers be limited to the lower-income people only? 口译题 Part A Directions:In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you heard each paragraph, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal…and stop it at the signal…You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. Now let’s begin Part A with the first passage. Passage 1 As for us Americans, you may think that we give too much importance to individualism and personal gains, so much so that it might sacrifice collective benefits, and even bring harm to the harmony of the society.// Yes, but you don’t have to be worried. American work ethic is more individual-oriented. We often value the results and accomplishments of work more than its process.// If I am not mistaken, the traditional Chinese work ethic is based on Confucianism, which stresses the benefit of communal harmony rather than individual freedom.// It’s really very hard to say which is better because if the cultural differences. With the economic globalization, cultural exchanges have become more and more extensive and Americans and Chinese will know and understand each other better. 至于我们美国人，你们会感到我们太看重个人主义，太看重个人利益，这样可能会牺牲集体的利益，甚至会损害社会的和谐。// 是的，但你们不必担忧。我们美国人的工作理念更强调个人主义。我们一般重视的是结果和成就，而不是过程。// 如果我没理解错的话，中国传统的够工作理念是以儒家学说为基础的，这种思想强调整体和谐高于个体自由。// 由于文化差异的存在，真的很难说哪种理念更好。随着经济全球化，文化交流也随之变得越来越广泛，美国人民和中国人民将会更加互相了解和理解。
练中级口译口试的必备用书就是《中级口译教程》，很多口试真题都出自于其中！所以在推出真题的同时，也将昂立顾微老师的这篇佳作一并奉上！愿所有为笔试口试奋斗的战友们都取得好的成绩！ 至于先发一半的原因是一方面把这份东西拖到校内上很麻烦，原版是PDF的，要先保存图像再上传上来，有的时候还保存不了图像。。。另一方面是不知道这份东西会不会引起大家的兴趣，如果有支持的话，我过两天再把另一半发上来～ 来源:昂立教育,作者:顾微 顾微昂立博客:https://www.doczj.com/doc/015207994.html,/?uid-687 2-3 Banquet Service 1.满足客人的不同需求：cater to the different needs of our guests 2.敬业的专家：dedicated experts 3.没有她的最后努力，还不知道现在会怎么样呢：Without her last-minute effort, we would still be in the middle of nowhere. 4.contribute my share: 尽自己的责任 5.we all maneuvered successfully to get our job done, so to speak.可以说我们每个人都成功地使 我们的使命得以完成。Maneuver:军队的调动，调遣。大规模演戏。谨慎而熟练的动作 6 尽情享用大自然赐予我们的食物：we will delight ourselves completely in the foods that Mother Nature grants us. 7.调味料，作料：seasoning 8.南翔小笼：Nanxiang steamed meat dumplings 皮薄汁醇：thin and translucent wrappers, filled with ground pork and rich tasty soup 9.皮脆柔嫩, 酸甜适口：a crispy skin and tender meat, all covered with a sweet and sour source 10. 好戏还在后头：this is just the beginning 11.别客气，请随便：please help yourself to the dishes. 附笔记草图
1997.9 上海市英语中级口译资格证书第一阶段考试 参考答案: SECTION1:LISTENING TEST Part A: Spot Diction 1. feel healthy 2. content 3. on average 4. six minutes 5. laugh more 6. 400 times 7. adulthood 8. growing up 9. effects of laughter 10. blood and stomach 11. physical exercises 12. facial and stomach 13. jogging 14. pain relief 15. forty university students 16. funny cassette 17. intended to relax 18. tolerate the discomfort 19. humour 20. immune system Part B: Listening Comprehension 1-5 B D C A D 6-10 D D C B B 11-15 B D A A C 16-20 D A B A D 21-25 B D C A C 26-30 D A C B C Part C: Listening and Translation Ⅰ.Sentence Translation 1.这类独特的酒被认为是世界上最好的一种酒。 2.由于他打算扩店，他开价要买下隔壁的房产。 3.我再也不准备容忍你的无能。你被开除了。 4.会上有人提议在委员会里应该有一位教工代表。 5.“广告”这个词最简单的涵义就是“让某事物引起他人注意”。或者“将某事物告知某人”。 Ⅱ.Passage Translation 1. 请各位注意，图书馆马上就要关门了。请把参考书放回原处，如果要外借备用书籍以 便当夜使用，现在可以办理（手续），多谢各位合作。 2. 30年前，我还是个小孩子的时候，我父亲曾安排我去乡下一个农场过了两个暑假。他 认为那对我有好处，他是对的。那使我懂得了不少有关自立的重要意义。那地方非常偏僻，农场主的地位当时肯定已是二十出头的女儿说她从未离开过家门，也未见过火车。
ｏ表示“人”people/person，因为“ｏ”看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如：日本人：Jｏ。 ⅹ表示政府，统治：government，govern；governmental official 可以表示为ⅹo。 ⊙：“通货膨胀”（inflation）因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。 A：农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。 B：商业：business。 C×：冲突，矛盾（conflict，confrontation） W：工作，职业（work, employ ）。 ？？Worker employer employee employment i：工业（industry, industrial） 字母i 像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。 □：“国家”、“民族”、“领土”（country, state, nation） →□表示进口，□→表示出口；□/□国家之间，国与国 椅子：主持、主办：chair, host, preside over。 ？？chairman, host, president U：合同、协议类 （treaty, agreement, contract） 在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism（单边主义） 在U内填入2，就可以表示为bilateral（双边的）, 填入3表示为trilateral (三边的)。 填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义。 如果在U上加一个“/”表示谈判破裂。 ︿表示“领导人”：leader, head ？？head of government, head of company V 表示victory，success 成功等 ⊙：会议、开会等（meeting，conference，negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposium）
1.哮喘asthma 2.肺炎pneumonia 3.肝炎hepatitis 4.胃炎gastritis 5.关节炎arthritis 6.支气管炎bronchitis 7.肥胖症obesity 8.糖尿病diabetes 9.阑尾炎appendicitis 10.消化不良indigestion 1科教兴国战略the strategy of revitalizing China through science,technology and education 2.培养高层次创新人才to train high-level creative professional manpower 3.有理想,有道德,有文化,有纪律的劳动者working people with lofty ideals,sound morals,good education and a strong sense of discipline 4.培养德智体全面发展的建设者和接班人to train builders and successors who are well-developed morally,intellectually and physically 5.协调发展coordinated and balanced program of development 6.优化教师队伍to optimize the teaching staff 7.培养独立分析问题和解决问题的能力to cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems independently 8.启发式教学法elicitation method of teaching 9.填鸭式教学法cramming method of teaching 10.中国国际教育论坛China international Forum on Education 1. 不夜城everbright city 2. 沧海桑田ups and downs of time 3. 长江三角洲the Yangtze River Delta 4. 磁悬浮列车maglev train (magnetically levitated train), magnetic suspension train 5. 大都市metropolis, cosmopolis, metropolitan city, cosmopolitan city 6. 东方明珠电视塔Oriental Pearl TV Tower 7. 东海之滨的明珠the pearl on the coast of the East China Sea 8. 高架公路elevated highway, overhead highway 9. 高架立交桥overhead viaduct 10. 国际展览局IBE (International Bureau of Exhibitions) 11. 四项基本原则：Four Cardinal Principles 12. 和平共处五项原则：the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 13. 一国两制：One Country, Two Systems 14. "引进来"和“走出去”政策：…Bring In ? and 'Going Out? 15. 计划生育基本政策：the basic state policies of family planning 16. 改革开放：reform and opening-up 17. adjoining room 相邻的房间 18. single room 单人房（一张床） 19. twin room 双人房（两张床） 20. double room 双人房（一张床） 21. triple room 三人房 22. standard room 标准房 23. deluxe room 豪华间 24. luxury suite 豪华套房 25. presidential suite 总统套房
上海市3月中级口译真题试卷 SECTLON 1: LISTENING TEST (40 minutes) Part A: Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in you ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage only once. Good afternoon, I’d like to thank professor Leach for giving me the chance to talk to you students. My topic today is “Attitudes, Values and Tastes”.An attitude, or the way we feel about something, can take different forms. On the one hand, there are attitudes that are simply_______(1). There may change from year to year, month to month and even, day to day. On the other hand, there are attitudes that can be firmly fixed ____________(2) that rarely, if ever, change. Included in the first___________ (3) are statements like “Sally has beautiful eyes”, or “I hate icecream”. Attitudes like these may simply ____________(4) a perso n, al taste or preference that does not always affect other people. Nobody will get particularly ___________(5), for example, if you have a preference for tea ____________(6) coffee. The second type of attitude could _________(7) such statements as “Sm oking should be banned in _________(8)”, and “War is a terrible thing”. With attitudes like these, however, we are expressing an opinion that we ____________(9) about. Opinions such as these are very much a part of ____________(10) since they express the way we feel about certain __________(11) and events. If someone is a smoker, for example, it can become very difficult to
上海中级口译考试全攻略（笔试+口试）两周前风尘仆仆地考完中级口译，常有人问我考得怎么样。我的答复总是：美女很多+非常紧张。 在参加考试之前，我常听到两种说法：中级口译太简单了，根本是没用的证，不如去考高口；中级口译太难了，只有高手才能拿到证。这两种说法都没错，对不同英语程度的人来说，中级口译的地位也不尽相同。我当初想到考中级口译并不是为了那一纸证书，因为我对于口译兴趣很小。想到报名完全是为了提高听力。上海交大去年做的一项调查显示，65%的同学认为经过口译训练，听力水平得到了大幅提高。当时我在《外国语》上看到这篇论文，立刻想到通过中级口译提高我可怜的听力。复习之后我还发现，口译对拓宽词汇量尤其是生活词汇作用巨大。 下面我就来谈谈怎么准备中级口译。 首先你需要买中级口译的教材，一共五本《中级听力教程》《中级阅读教程》《中级口语教程》《中级翻译教程》《中级口译教程》，但是，这五本中只需要买三本，那就是《中级翻译教程（第三版）》，《中级听力教程(第3版)》，《中级口译教程(第3版)》，另外两本千万别买，和考试根本没关系，除了这三本，我还推荐买《中级口译真题解析》，《中高级口译口试备考精要(附MP3)--新东方大愚英语学习丛书》，《英语口译资格考试分类词汇精编》。 书买好了，就可以开始准备了。 在准备之前，先确定打算何时考中级口译。中级口译一年两次，一次在3月笔试（同年5月初口试），另一次在9月（同年11月初口试），笔试部分考点较多，可以去上海中级口译官网查找，在哪个城市报名就在哪个城市考笔试，但是你也可以网上报名，网上报名必须在上海考试。注意报名时间：9月的考试在6月报名，3月的考试在12月报名，一定要随时关注官网的通知。 中级口译的笔试满分250分，149.5分以上通过笔试。一旦通过笔试，你就获得了接下来四次参加口试的机会（即两年有效期），我推荐在9月参加笔试，因为暑假时间较多，而寒假有春节的干扰，复习不充分，很多人都会放弃3月的考试。 下面我简要介绍一下中级口译的考试内容及复习方法。 笔试部分共三部分，即听力、阅读和笔译。 听力占90分，包含听写填空，段对话及长对话，听译。 听写填空，英文叫spot dictitation, 给400词左右的文章，抠去20个空，每个空需要填进去