专题十六状语从句
状语从句知识网络
考点一时间状语从句
1. when引导的时间状语从句
（1）when引导的时间状语从句，其动词既可以是延续性动作的动词，也可以是瞬间性动作的动词，而且可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或者从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前。
when you apply for a job, you must present your credentials.
当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的有关证件。（同时）
when the students heard the teacher’s footsteps, they all atopped talking.
当学生们听到老师的脚步声时，他们都停止了讲话。（从句动作发生在前）
（2）when还可表示just then（正在那时，突然）的意思，此时其所引导的从句只放在主句之后。
be about to do …when… 正要去做某事，突然……
be doing …when… 正在做某事，突然……
be on the point of doing …when… 正在做某事，突然……
We were about to start when it began to rain.
我们正要动身，突然天下起雨来。
The game had hardly/scarcely/barely begun when it started raining.
比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来。
2. as引导的时间状语从句
as引导的时间状语从句其动词的动作是延续性的，而且侧重表示主句和从句的动作交替或同时发生，译为＂一边……，一边……＂或＂随着……＂
We were having breakfast as she was combing her hair.
她梳头时我们在吃早饭。
It will warm up a little bit on Sunday as the cold front passes.
寒流一过，星期日就会有点暖意了。
3. while引导的时间状语从句
while表示＂在某一段时间里＂或＂在……期间＂，其所引导的从句的动作是延续性的，并侧重表示和主句的动作同时发生。
When the teacher paraphrased the text in English, the students listened attentively and took notes.
当老师用英语解释课文时，学生们聚精会神地听并做着笔记。
I can learn while I work.我可以边工作边学习。
4. before引导的时间状语从句
（1） before＂在……之前＂
I have finished my dissertation before my supervisor went abroad.
在我的导师出国之前，我已完成了我的学位论文。
I’ll be back before you have left.你离开之前我就会回来。
（2） before＂……之后才＂
It may be many years before we meet again. 可能要过许多年我们才能再见了。
It was three days before I came back.他三天后才回来。
5. as soon as/once/directly/the instant等引导的时间状语从句
as soon as 是最常见的表示＂一……就……＂的从属连词，其他连词还有once（一旦），directly（老式英国英语），immediately（主要用于英国英语），instantly，the instant (that)，the minute(that) ，the moment(that)等，它们通常都可与as soon as换用。
As soon as we got home, the telephone rang. 我们一到家，电话就响了。
I recognized her immediately I saw her. 我一看见她就认出她来了。
Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet. 师一进来，大家就静了下来。
6. hardly...when/no sooner...than引导的时间状语从句
hardly/barely/scarcely...when和no sooner...than的意思是＂刚……就＂，它们所引导的从句中的谓语动词通常为过去完成时。
He had no sooner (no sooner had he)arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.
他刚一到家，就又要他出另一次差。
*hardly/barely/scarcely和no sooner置于句首时，从句要倒装。
No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent.
这些话刚一出口，他就意识到自己应该保持沉默。
7. since引导的时间状语从句
在含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，从句的谓语动词通常为一般过去时，主句的谓语动词通常为现在完成时。
We’ve never met since we graduated from the college.大学毕业后我们就再没见过面。
Great changes have taken place since you left.你走了以后，这里发生了巨大变化。
8. till/until引导的时间状语从句
till和until同义，作＂直到……时(为止)＂解，till多用于非正式文体，until多用于句首。
Donald will remain in college until(till) he finishes his Ph.D course.
唐纳德将留在学校直到完成他的博士学位课程。
I won’t go with you until(till) I finished my homework.
等我做完作业我才和你一起去。
9. whenever/each time/every time引导的时间状语从句
whenever:
① every time that a particular thing happens；
② at any time。
whenever在引导时间状语从句时作＂每当；每次＂解，each time和every time与whenever同义，通常可以与它换用。
Whenever certain chemicals are mixed together, heat is produced.
某些化学物质被混到一起时，就会产生热。
Whenever/ Every time/ Each time I met her, she was studying.
我每次看见她时，她总是在学习。
【典例】
1.（2016·全国新课标卷III·语法填空）Over time, 45 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
【答案】as/when
【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以煮得快一点，这里是时间状语从句，when意为＂当……的时候＂，后跟长动作或短动作，故填as／when。
2.（2016·四川卷·语法填空）The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way
a human does. 46 it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little
comforting pats.
【答案】When/If
【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：如果或当它哭的时候，她会前后摇动。故填When/If。
考点二地点状语从句
【难点梳理】
一、where引导的地点状语从句
从属连词where表示＂在（或到）……的地方＂。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
Put it where you found it. 把它放在原来的地方。
1. where 在地点状语从句中，除指地点外，还可指处境等。
He said he was happy where he was. 他说他对自己的处境很满意。
It’s your fault that she is where she is. 她今天落到这个地步都怪你。
2. 有时地点状语从句中的某些词可以省略。
Fill in the blanks with the given phrases. Change the form where necessary. 用所给的短语填空，必要的地方可以改变其形式。
Avoid structure of this kind where possible. 只要可能，就要避免这种结构。
二、wherever引导的地点状语从句
从属连词wherever意为＂在（或到）……的各个地方＂。
You can go wherever(anywhere) you like these days. 这些天你可以去你想去的地方。
Where (Everywhere) they went, the experts were warmly welcomed. 专家们每到一处，都受到热烈的欢迎。
【典例】
（2015·天津）The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______________ his employees enjoy their work.
A. where
B. which
C. when
D. who
【答案】A
【解析】考查地点状语从句。句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。根据句意可知选A。
【名师点睛】本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需要牢牢抓住两点：第一、找准先行词。第二、看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。
考点三目的状语从句
1. in order that引导的目的状语从句
in order that＂为了；以便＂。多用于正式文体，通常可以与so that换用。
They stopped at Hangzhou in order that they could go around West Lake. 他们在杭州停了下来，以便游览西湖。
The expert spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand. 专家讲得很慢，以便人人都能听得懂。
2. so (that)引导的目的状语从句
so that＂为了；以便＂。so that通常可以与in order that换用，它所引导的目的状语从句总是放在主句之后，在非正式文体中，常省略that。
Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 你要讲得清楚，他们才可能听得懂。
She wanted tea ready at seven so she could be out by eight. 她想让茶点在七点钟以前就备好，这样她八点就可以出门了。
3. in case/for fear (that)/lest等引导的目的状语从句
in case，for fear(that)和lest这三个从属连词都表示否定目的，意思是＂以免＂，＂以防＂。in case多用于英国英语，它所引导的从句中的谓语动词可以是陈述语气形式，也可以是虚拟语气形式；for fear(that)引导的从句中的谓语带有may，might，should等情态动词；lest用于正式文体，它所引导的从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气形式。
Take your umbrella with you, lest it should rain.
=Take your umbrella in case it rains.
带上你的伞，以防下雨。
He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain. 他带了一把伞，以防下雨。
【典例】
（2014·浙江卷·单项填空）Cathy had quit her job when her son was born _______________ she could stay home and raise her family.
A. now that
B. as if
C. only if
D. so that
【答案】D
【试题分析】考查连词。A.now that既然；B.as if好像；C.only if只要；D.so that以便。这里是so that引导的目的状语从句。句意：当Cathy的儿子出生的时候，她就放弃了自己的工作，以便待在家里照顾家人。根据句意故选D。
考点四结果状语从句
1. so that引导的结果状语从句
（1）so that引导的结果状语从句只能位于主句之后，中间可以有逗号。
Suddenly it began to rain heavily, so that it was almost impossible to carry on driving. 突然下起了大雨，几乎无法继续开车。
Linda phoned me in on arrival so that I know she was safe and sound. 琳达到达后给我打了电话，因而我知道她平安无事。
（2）＂so that＂既可引导结果状语从句也可引导目的状语从句。究竟是引导的结果状语从句还是目的状语从句，除了根据句意来判断外，还可根据结构形式来加以判断。若从句前有逗号，一般为结果状语从句，如果从句中有情态动词，通常则为目的状语从句。
They started out early, so that they didn’t miss the train.他们早早就出发了，所以没误火车。（结果状语从句）
They started out early so that they would not miss the train. 他们早早出发是为了不误火车。（目的状语从句）
2. so...that引导的结果状语从句
so...that＂如此……以致＂，that在非正式文体中可以省略，so后面接形容词或副词。
She spoke so fast that nobody could catch what she was saying. 她说话如此之快竟没有人听出来她在讲什么。
There is so little time left that I have to tell you about it later. 现在剩下的时间不多了，我只好以后再给你讲这件事。
3. such...that引导的结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的such...that的具体内容是：such + a/an + 形容词+名词+that从
句。其中的名词可以是可数名词的单数或复数，也可以是不可数名词。such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词 + that从句可换成so + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that从句。
The Japanese student made such rapid progress that he soon began to write articles in Chinese. 那个日本留学生进步很快，不久就开始用中文写文章了。
The professor told us such a funny story that all the students laughed.
＝The professor told us so funny a story that all the students laughed.
教授讲了个很有趣的故事，(以致于)所有的学生都笑了起来。
4. such that引导的结果状语从句
such that引导的结果状语从句多用于正式文体，主句为＂主—系—表＂句型。
The force of the explosion was such that it blew out all the windows. 爆炸的力量很大，所有的窗户都被炸掉了。
His anger was such that he lost control of himself. 他气得不能克制自己的感情。【典例】
The film Pio 2 is _______________ interesting _______________ I would like to see it again.
A. such；that
B. too；to
C. as；as
D. so；that
【答案】D
【解析】such修饰名词，而interesting是形容词，故予以排除；在too...to结构中，to 是不定式符号，后面接动词原形；as...as结构表示同级比较，在此不符合句意；so...that 意为＂如此……以至于＂，引导结果状语从句。根据句意可知选D。
考点五条件状语从句
1. if引导的条件状语从句
if可引导非真实条件状语从句(见＂虚拟语气＂)和真实条件状语从句。
If he said that, he can’t be telling the truth. 如果他说了那样的话，他不可能是说实话。
2. unless引导的条件状语从句
unless引导的是否定条件状语从句，在意义上相当于if...not，而且语气较强，一般不
用于虚拟语气。
You’ll be late unless you hurry. 如果不赶快的话，你会迟到的。
3. only if引导的条件状语从句
only if在引导条件状语从句时意为＂只有……(才)；只有在……的时候，唯一的条件是……＂。
I’ll let you use the car only if you keep it in good condition.只要你把车保养好，我就让你用。
4. as/so long as引导的条件状语从句
as/so long as意为＂只要；如果＂。
As long as it doesn’t rain, we can play. 只要不下雨我们就能玩。
5. provided (that)/providing (that)引导的条件状语从句
provided (that)/providing (that)意为＂假如；如果＂。
I will agree to go provided / providing (that) my expense is paid. 假如为我负担费用，我就同意去。
Providing you promise not to tell anyone else I’ll explain the secret. 假如你承诺不告诉别人，我就告诉你这个秘密。
6. on condition that（条件是）和suppose / supposing (that)（假设；如果）也可引导条件状语从句
I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep it a secret. 我可以告诉你真相，条件是你答应保守秘密。
Suppose/ Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help? 假如他们拒绝我们，我们还能向谁求助呢？
【典例】
（2015·陕西卷﹒单项填空）I believe you will have a wonderful time here _______________ you get to know everyone else.
A. though
B. as if
C. once
D. so that
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我相信一旦你了解了这里的每个人，你将玩得很愉快。though虽然；as if 好像；once一旦；so that为了。所以选C。
【名师点睛】这几个词都是连词，要分清每个连词（短语）的含义和用法，做题时关键看上下文和句意的逻辑关系。though 引导让步状语从句；as if引导方式状语从句；once引导的是条件状语从句；so that引导结果状语从句或目的状语从句。
考点六方式状语从句
表示行为方式的状语从句常由as（依照……，像……一样），as if（正如……，似乎……），as though（似乎……，好像……），（just）as... so...（正如……）引导，多置于主句之后。
（1）as，(just) as... so...引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as...so...结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是＂正如……＂，＂就像＂，多用于正式文体。
Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待别人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
（2）as if，as though两者的意义和用法相同，引导的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作＂仿佛……似的＂，＂好像……似的＂。
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它们不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）
【名师点睛】
as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语。
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。【典例】
He looked at me curiously _______________ he had some doubt which he was unwilling to express.
A.as if
B.in case
C.unless
D.so that
【答案】A
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：他好奇地看着我，好像有一些疑问又不肯说出口。as if＂好像，仿佛＂，引导方式状语从句。
考点七让步状语从句
1. although/though引导的让步状语从句
although和though，都作＂虽然；尽管＂解，通常可以换用，although的语气较重。如果要强调＂但是＂语气，可使用yet，still或nevertheless来表示＂但是＂、＂依然＂或＂然而＂之意。
Although they have been talking for a long time, he cannot make her believe him. 虽然和她谈了半天，他还是不能让她信任自己。
2. even if引导的让步状语从句
even if ＂即使，纵然＂，从句表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。
Even if it rains tomorrow, we won’t change our plan.即使明天下雨，我们也决
不改变计划。
Even if I failed again, I will not give up the experiment. 即使我再次失败，我也决不会放弃实验。
3. even though引导的让步状语从句
even though＂虽然，尽管＂，从句所表示的是已经发生的动作或存在的情况，通常可以和although/though换用。
Even though I didn’t understand a word, I kept smiling. 即使我一个字也不懂，我还是保持微笑。
Even though you say so, I do not believe it. 即使你这样说，我也不信。
4. as引导的让步状语从句
as表示＂让步＂时常用倒装语序。倒装时若有带冠词的名词，冠词要去掉。此用法与though的倒装完全一致。(although无此用法)
Much as I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely.我虽然佩服他的勇气，但我认为他这样做是不聪明的。
Strong as you maybe, you cannot lift it. 虽然你可能很有力气，你却无法把它提起来。
5. while引导的让步状语从句
while＂虽然，尽管＂，多用于正式文体，且多位于句首，相当于although。
While I understand your point of view, I do not share it. 我虽了解你的观点，但不敢苟同。
While I sympathize, I really can’t do very much to help.虽然我很同情，但我确实帮不了什么忙。
6. whatever/no matter what引导的让步状语从句
whatever和no matter what用法相同，都作＂无论什么＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。Whatever/No matter what he says, don’t go. 不管他说什么，你都不要走。
We are determined to fulfill the task, whatever/no matter what happens. 不管发生什么，我们决心完成这项任务。
7. whichever/no matter which引导的让步状语从句
whichever和no matter which用法相同，都作＂无论哪个＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
Whichever/No matter which you buy, there is a six-month guarantee. 不论你买哪个，都有六个月的保修期。
Whichever/No matter which of the two men had stolen her purse, Barbara was determined to find them. 不管是这两个人中的谁偷了她的钱包，芭芭拉都决心找到他们。
8. whoever/no matter who引导的让步状语从句
whoever和no matter who用法相同，都作＂无论谁＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
You can’t come in, whoever you are. 不管你是谁，都不能进来。
Whoever/No matter who wants to speak to me on the phone, tell him I’m busy.不管谁要我接电话，就说我现在正忙着呢。
9. wherever/no matter where引导的让步状语从句
wherever和no matter where用法相同，都作＂无论在（或到）哪里＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
Wherever/No matter where you go, I’m right here waiting for you. 无论你到哪里，我都依然在这里等着你。
10. however/no matter how引导的让步状语从句
however和no matter how用法相同，都作＂无论如何……＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
However much you regret doing that, there is nothing you can do about it now. 无论你可能多么懊悔你曾经做过的事，现在也无济于事了。
However high it may be, it can’t reach the sky. 它不论有多高，也高不到天上去。
11. whenever/no matter when引导的让步状语从句
whenever和no matter when用法相同，都作＂无论何时＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
Whenever I’m unhappy, he cheers me up. 不管什么时候我不高兴，他都给我鼓劲儿。
12. (no matter) whether...or引导的让步状语从句
whether...or和no matter whether...or的用法相同，都作＂不论……还是＂解，后者的语气强一些。
When it rains or not, we’re playing football on Sunday. 无论下不下雨，我们星期天一定踢足球。
【典例】
（2016·北京卷﹒单项填空）My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, _______________ he’s in his nineties.
A. as long as
B. as if
C. even though
D. in case
【答案】C
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：即使九十多岁了，我的爷爷仍然时不时地打打网球。as long as只要，引导条件状语从句； as if似乎，引导方式状语从句或表语从句； even though即使，引导让步状语从句.in case以防，引导目的状语从句。这里是转折关系，故选C。
基础过关
Ⅰ.用适当的连词填空
1. I believe you will have a wonderful time here ________ you get to know everyone else.
2. If you miss this chance，it may be years ________ you get another one.
3.________ the numbers of such developments are relatively small，the potential market is large.
4.________ you choose to settle down，you should attempt to fit in with the local people.
5.Much ________ I like it，I won’t buy it，for it’s too expensive.
6.You can soon get out of practice ________ you play the piano.
7.Mike is such an honest worker ________ we all believe in him.
8.________ everybody is here，let’s begin our meeting.
9.I always wanted them to be with me ________ I went.
10.—I thought he hated the TV.
—You are right，________ he still watches the program.
能力提升
I.单项填空
1. —Glad to see you, Kate.
—Oh, my God. It’s been 20 years ______________ we last saw each other.
A. when
B. before
C. after
D.
since
2. Every time ______________ they met, they would talk excitedly for several hours about the schoolmates and incidents ______________ they still remembered in the primary school.
A. that；who and which
B. when；that
C. /；that
D. when；which
3. It was 3 in the morning ______________ the earthquake happened. Hundreds were killed,
with a lot ______________ in the collapse.
A. that；buried
B. when；buried
C. that；burying
D. when；burying
4. The police had to employ force ______________ the crowd got out of control.
A. the instant
B. at the instant
C. in an instant
D. for an instant
5. _______________ be late again, he came to school by taxi this morning.
A. In order to
B. So as to
C. In order not to
D. So as not to
6. Jessica often carries a laptop to the Global Education Language School
_______________ she needs to search for some important information.
A. even though
B. in case
C. so that
D. only if
7. We must know our strong and weak points _______________ we can improve our personalities.
A. in case
B. even if
C. now that
D. so that
8. We arrived early in the morning _______________ we caught the first bus.
A. in case
B. so that
C. in order that
D. even if
9. The heavy rain lasted for about a week _______________ the sports meeting had to
be postponed until the next nmonth.
A. so that
B. as long as
C. in order that
D. for fear that
10. Such good use has been _______________ his spare time _______________ his English has improved a lot.
A. made in；that
B. made of；which
C. made of；that
D. made out；as
11. The house was greatly damaged by the truck. We’d better leave things
_______________ they are until the police arrive.
A. since
B. as
C. though
D. unless
12. She had a tense expression on her face, _______________ she was expecting trouble.
A. even though
B. as though
C. so that
D. now that
13. Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _______________ he
had done something very clever.
A. in case
B. even though
C. as usual
D. as if
14.（2016﹒江苏如东高级中学高三期中）＂We will do the right thing and do what we have
to do investigate crimes _______________ they exist,＂ claimed the police officer in chief.
A. whatever
B. wherever
C. whichever
D. however
15.（2016﹒北京海淀区高三期末）_______________ my father doesn’t say a lot in daily
life, he gives me much love and affection.
A. Because
B. When
C. Although
D. If
16. _______________ produced by qualified manufacturers, the vaccines were not
transported in approved conditions.
A. As
B. Since
C. Though
D. Before
II.语篇填空(用适当的连词填空)
Gandhi was honored as the father of the Indian nation，__1__he has been respected by the Indians with the belief that he is an Indian national hero.
He was born in India in 1869.As is recorded，he did not get married __2__13 years old, following the local custom.In 1888 he sailed to England，__3__studying law for three years and became a lawyer.__4__he returned to India, he was sent to South Africa to work on a law case.
In South Africa he was surprised to find that the problem of racial discrimination was serious.__5__，he formed an organization __6__this was how he started to fight for equal rights.
Gandhi returned to India in 1915，__7__India was controlled by the British.He led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and independence for his country.__8__in the political movement many Indians including Gandhi were put in prison __9__it was still not sure whether they could gain independence，the struggles never stopped.The British government had to give in __10__India won its independence in 1947.Unfortunately Gandhi was shot by an Indian who opposed his views and died on January 30th，1948.
Ⅳ.语法填空
There are two factors__1__(determine) an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born__2__.Human brains differ__3__(consider)，some being more capable than others.__4__however good a brain he has to begin with，an individual will have a low intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn.So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment __5__he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped (受阻碍) environmentally，it is__6__(like) that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an indivi dual’s intelligence can__7__(show) by the case of the twins，Peter and Mark. When the twins were three months old，__8__parents died，and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter