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高等学校英语应用能力考试(A级)应试指导(备战2020.6)

高等学校英语应用能力考试(A级)应试指导(备战2020.6)
高等学校英语应用能力考试(A级)应试指导(备战2020.6)

高等学校英语应用能力考试(A级)以《高职高专教育英语课程教学基本要求(试行)》(以下简称《基本要求》)为依据,适用于修完《基本要求》规定的全部内容的高等职业教育、普通高等专科教育、成人高等教育和本科办二级技术学院各非英语专业的学生。

本考试的日的是考核考生的语言知识、语言技能和使用英语处理一般业务和涉外交际的基本能力。

考试方式为笔试,测试语言知识和听、读、译、写四项技能。口试正在积极规划中,相信不久之后就会开始实施。

本考试按百分制计分,满分为100分。60分及60分以上为及格;85分及85分以上为优秀。考试成绩合格者颁发“高等学校英语应用能力考试”相应级别的合格证书。

A级考试的试卷包括五个部分:听力理解、语法结构、阅读理解、翻译(英译汉)和写作(或汉译英),具体的考试题型和时间安排如下:

一、将校名、姓名、学校代号、准考证号和试卷代号填写在答题纸上。

二、所有答案均应做在答题纸上,写在试题册上的答案一律无效。

三、客观题必须用2B铅笔答题;主观题可以用钢笔或网珠笔填写。注意保持答

题纸卷面整洁、清楚。

四、多项选择题每题只能选一个答案,多选按答错处理。选定答案后,在相应字

母的中间划一条横线。划线的浓度要盖过字母底色。

五、考试时间为120分钟。考试结束时,把试题册、答题纸和翻译/作文纸放在

桌上。监考人员收卷后考生才可离开考场。

(一)听力理解

听力理解部分共分四节。A节是五个简短对话;B节是两个长会话;C节和D节都是一篇短文。下面分别讲解其答题技巧。

本部分对话所涉及内容比较广泛,以平常生活中的各种情景为主,常见的题型有以下几种:

◆信息明示题

这类题所提的问题可以在对话或会话中直接找到答案,一般是考查一些细节内容,比如时间、地点、数量、所做的事情等等。做这种题型的关键在于听清楚原文中的单词,不要受到干扰项的影响。

◆推理判断题

这类题所提出的问题在对话原文中找不到直接答案,而是绕圈子,要经过一定的推理判断才能得出答案。这种题型常常涉及对虚拟语气的理解,判断对话中说话着之间的关系,说话者的职业、地点和时间的推算,行为方式以及原凶、结果理解等。

◆理解归纳题

这类题也不能在录音中直接找到答案,而是对原文某一关键词语的同义替

换,考查内容主要包括否定关系、凶果关系、条件关系(虚拟语气)、比较等级、转折关系(特别是But结构)以及表建议的题型等。

◆关键词题型

这类题型主要考查对句中关键词或句子的理解,只要理解句中某个关键词语或表达的意思就可得出答案。

◆观点态度题

这类题所提出的问题主要考查学生对说话者观点态度的理解,这要求学生根据对话者说话的语音、语调、语气以及谈话内容,判断其对某人、某事或某物的态度及观点。

以上我们简单分析了听力理解对话部分最常见的五种题型,了解每种题型的基本特征,有针对性地做题,能够大大提高做题的效率。此外,在做这类题型时,还应注意利用以下技巧:

1.听前:阅读选项,预测话题内容

在播放录音之前提前阅读每道题的四个选项非常重要,这四个选项往往能够揭示出很多信息。认真比较四个选项能使我们提前做出预测,为听音作好准备,甚至能在没有听清楚录音的情况下,根据四个选项的比较,选出正确答案。题目中四个选项往往能够揭示出以下信息:

1)命题方向——提的是什么问题

比较四个选项,我们经常能提前判断m将会提什么样的问题,大概是哪种题型。这样,我们在做题时就能赢得先机,把握听音的重点所在。特别是提问有关时间、地点、教量的试题,非常容易辨识。

2)对话主题——关于何人何物

根据四个选项中共同出现的信息,我们往往可以判断该对话或会话的主题是什么,从而猜测出对话的大致内容。

2.听中:排除杂念,抓取关键信息

听音过程中,一定要根据对四个选项的理解,抓住相对应的关键信息。切记不要指望将对话中每个词都试图听出来,这是很难做到的事情。特别是很多没有经验的学生在做这部分试题时,一直在想对话中某个熟悉的单词,而错过了后面的关键信息,这样就得不偿失了。一般听音的关键信息主要有以下几点:

1)表示时间、地点、数量、价格的信息

对话中的有关时间、地点、数量、价格的信息通常是关键信息,也是提问考查的目标。这要求我们在听对话时一定要对这些信息保持敏感,边听边把这些信息简单记录下来。

2)表示委婉回答的信息

对话中,第二说话人先对第一说话人的说话内容表示肯定,然后用转折词but或用其他方式引出新的内容,进而委婉地表达出对第一说话人说话内容的否定。常用表达方式有:sounds great,but...;I'd like to,but...;well...;Yes,but...;That's true,but...等。转折词后的内容才是第二说话人的真实意图,这也通常是考查点,应当格外留意。

3)表示建议的信息

这种对话的常见形式是用Why don't you...,Why not...,You'd better....,You should...,How about...,Would you like...等句式表达建议,而建议的内容通常是考查的重点。

以上是考试中常见的三种关键信息,当然除了这些之外,有时我们还要注意说话者的语调、发音,特别是涉及提问说话者对某人或某物态度的时候尤其重要。3.听后:迅速作答,准备后面考题

在对话结束之后,要果断进行作答,然后抽出时间阅读后面题日的四个选项。不要左思有想,耽误时间,影响后面题目的听音。即使在不确定答案的时候,也要主动放弃,为后面一题作好准备。

会话部分一般出现两段会话( conversations),这部分的听力理解主要以考查细节信息为主,主要涉及对时间、地点、数量、所做事情等细节信息的考查。

在做这部分题日时.听音之前提前阅读四个选项,进行正确的预测尤为重要。阅读四个选项时,最重要的是判断出题日所提问的关键信息是什么,是关于时间、地点、数量、颜色还是别的信息。

在听音过程中,凶为录音一般播放两遍,所以,在听第一遍录音的时候,应当注意两点:首先,把握会话的大概内容,会话中说话者主要谈到了哪方面的信息;其次,不要忙着答题,要注意听清楚会话后面的问题。在听第二遍录音的时候,可以根据前面听第一遍时掌握的会话大概内容以及后面的问题,对录音中与问题无关的信息进行排除,将注意力放在与试题有

关的重点信息上,如时间、地点等细节内容。

总体来说,会话部分和对话部分的应试技巧大同小异,但会话部分对提前阅读四个选项并进行预测的能力要求更高,并要求考生在听音过程中具备一定的瞬间记忆能力,能够记住关键的信息。

因为短文部分的听力原文较长,因此难度相对也要大一点,主要考查考生从

一大段信息中抓取关键信息的能力。这部分特别要注意答题的顺序,遵循“读听答”的顺序是制胜的关键。也就是说,在听音(或者在播放Directions“答题须知”)之前,一定要仔细阅读所给出的五个问题,抓住问题或下面不完整的回答中所暗示的关键词或短语,然后,在听音过程中,集中精力听清楚含有关键词或短语的信息,并适当地作一些笔记,记下重要信息。最后,根据所听到的内容,完成问题。

1.读问题,重分析

听音前阅读问题及不完整的答案日的有二:首先要通过读问题预测短文的主题;其次要通过分析问题确定关键信息点。

2.听重点,重理解

通过听音前的问题分析,我们已基本可以确定短文的大意和所需要抓取的关键信息。在听音的过程中,关键就是要排除无关信息,锁定重点句子,仔细辨音,从而确定答案。本部分录音要播放两遍,凶此听两遍录音的重点也要有所区别。

1) 一听:抓住重点,确定部分答案

要根据读问题分析出的重点进行辨听,抓取重点词前后的关键信息。听懂了,答案也就基本出来了,这时不要着急填写答案,而可以用略写等形式记录下部分答案关键点,然后接着往下听。

2)二听:核实答案,攻克部分难点

在听完一遍之后要对听音的结果做一个大致的梳理,在第二遍录音播放前确定已知答案,划出还没有听清的问题,以便在第二遍录音播放时核实已经听出的答案确实无误,然后将注意力放在那些难懂的句子或问题上。即便还未彻底理解,也要尽可能记下关键信息的发音。

3.答试题,重准确

听音结束后,应当根据听音过程中所作的笔记,认真地填入单词,宄成答句。对于部分未能答m的试题,要回过头来想想文章的主题,根据主题和已经记录下的关键信息的发音进行推测,填人一个合理的答案,尽可能不要在试卷上留空。要知道,这部分试题题材难度并不大,也有很大的几率猜对啊!另外,填写答案时特别要注意单词的拼写,要注意字迹T整,否则可能前功尽弃!

(二)语法结构

语法结构部分也分为A、B两节。A节侧重语法知识的考核,有10道多项选择题;B节为综合题型,有10道填空题,考核点包括句法结构、词形转换、词类用法等。

纵观近几年来的真题,我们发现此部分考查的语法知识具有较大的重复率,一些重要的语法知识几乎是每次考试都会考到。常考的语法知识主要包括以下几方面:

1.时态

1)时态的呼应

主从复合句或并列句中,前后句子的时态通常要相互呼应,都用表示过去时间、现在时间或将来时间的某种时态。

2)某种具体时态的用法

常考的时态主要有将来完成时、现在完成进行时、一般现在时等时态的用法。将来完成时表示在将来某个时间之前将会完成的动作,常和介词by构成的短语搭配使用。

现在完成进行时强调动作在过去发生,一直持续到现在,而一般现在时表示经常性发生的动作或存在的状态。考生应当对这三种时态的用法格外留意。2.非谓语动词

英语中共有三种非谓语形式:动词不定式、分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)和动名词。试题中主要涉及对这三种非谓语成分的辨析。通常来说,动词不定式(to do sth...)表示主动,暗示动作还没有开始,在句子中常常充当定语成分、状语成分(表目的,例外情况是onlv to do sth.表示结果,通常表示一种不好的结果)、宾语和宾补成分等等;在分词中,现在分词常表示主动和动作正在进行,在句子中常常充当定语成分、状语成分(表原凶、伴随动作等等)、主语、宾语和宾补成分等;过去分词常表被动和完成,通常在句中充当定语成分、状语成分、宾补成分等等。动词的ing形式起名词作用时,称为动名词,对动名词的考查主要出现在一些固定搭配中,如be accustomed to doing sth.及avoid doing sth.筹。

3.虚拟语气

虚拟语气也是考试中常常考查的一个语法点,主要涉及以下几个方面:

1)虚拟条件句

这类句子大多包含一个if引导的条件从句,按照时间可以分为三种类型。在表示对现在情况的虚拟时,从句谓语动词用过去式(be动词用were),主句谓语动词用would+动词原形;表示对将来情况的虚拟时,从句谓语动词用过去式或were to do,主句谓语动词用would+动词原形;在表示对过去情况的虚拟时,从句谓语动词用had+过去分词,主句谓语动词用would have+过去分词。另外,特别要注意的是,在这种从句中,if通常都可以省略,当if被省略时,必须将从句中的助动词(had、did)或be动词( were)提前,后面的主谓倒装。

2)虚拟语气用于宾语从句

动词insist、order、propose、demand、require、suggest等后接宾语从句时,从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气,用“should+动词原形”或直接用动词原形。

3)“情态动词十完成式”的不同用法

must have done表示“一定做了某事”,should have done表示“应当做某事(但是没有做)”,could have done表示“能眵做某事(但是没有做)”等等。

4)其他特殊句式

It's high time that_句型中,that从句常用虚拟语气,谓语动词用过去式,表示“到了该做……的时候了”。

4.定语从句

定语从句是语法中的一个重点。题日中对定语从句的考查主要在于:

1)关系词的选择

定语从句可用关系代词引导,包括who(指人),which(指物),that(指人或物),whose(指人或物)等等。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语成分,但是要注意,如果关系代词后出现了名词,关系代词充当定语的话,只能用whose;定语从句也可以用关系副词when、where、whv引导,它们在定语从句中都充当状语成分,分别表示时间、地点和原因。

2)限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别

限制性定语从句提供主要信息,是句子不可分割的一部分,而非限制性定语从句提供附加信息,通常由which引导,且从句前一般加上逗号。

5.状语从句

状语从句中,比较容易考查到的状语从句主要是条件状语从句,其中常考查的有as long as...“只要……”,if...,,“如果……”等词来引导的从句。此外,常考查的状语从句还有as引导的方式状语从句,表示“正如……”;as引导原凶状语从句,表示“凶为……,由于……”;时间状语从句(用when、while、the mornent 等词引导)以及结果状语从句(用so that等引导)等。时间状语从句中not_ until...“直到……才……”句型也是考查的重点。

6.同位语从句

同位语从句只能用that驯导,且that在从句中不充当任何成分。另外,同位语从句的先行词通常是表示抽象意思的名词,比如:fact、idea、image、evidence、suggestion、thought、message等。在考试中,通常需要考生辨识出到底是定语从句(that -定充当了某个成分,宾语或主语)还是同位语从句。

7.强调句

强调句的句型是“It is/was+强调成分+that/who/whom...”。考试中,一般考查

的是强调物(用that)的情况,被强调的成分通常是整个状语结构(短语或从句,最常见的是强调整个because引导的原因状语或者强调not...until...时间状语),需要考生能够识别出强调句并填人连接词that。

8.倒装

当放在句首的是否定词not、little、few、hardly、scarcely、seldom...或only、so等词时,句子的主谓要部分倒装,将谓语中的助动词(have/has/had或do/does/did 等)提前。

除了上述八种常见的语法点之外,考试中还涉及一些别的语法知识,比如:主谓一致、反意疑问句、宾语从句、主语从句、省略以及独立主格用法等。另外,也经常出观一些考题考查固定句型或短语的理解,比如cannot/couldn't do anything but do...“只能做某事”,would rather do sth. than do sth.“情愿做某事而不愿做某事”等。

在做这部分题日时,也要注意适当应用答题技巧,主要方法有:

◆句子成分分析法

语法中对各类从句和非谓语动词的考查是重点,而搞清句子的成分则是做这类试题的关键,除了一般的句子成分分析方法之外,标点符号也常是识别句子成分的一个方法。例如,如果句中出现逗号,那么表明逗号前后的句子是两个并列分句或是主从复合句,不可能逗号前后都出现简单句。

◆选项排除法

在不能肯定答案的时候,适当运用排除法。运用排除法时,先将选项中最不可能是正确答案的那个选项排除,然后逐步删减,只留下一个选项,必然就是正确答案。当然,运用这种方法时,有很大的局限性,要获得正确答案最终还是要靠扎实的语言知识。

这部分主要考查两方面的内容:词形转换和语法知识。

词形转换涉及句子成分分析、词的用法搭配及词形的转换方式等几个方面。例如,如果空格前出现冠词a、an或the,那么此处很有可能应当填入名词;如果空格后出现名词,那么空格处很有可能填入形容词作其定语;如果空格前出现动词,那么空格处很有可能填入副词修饰动词。

在做这部分题时,首先要判断空格中的词是考查词形转换还是语法知识。如果是词形转换,就需要进一步分析空格前后的词,确定空格中的词在句子中充当什么成分,从而肯定空格中词的词性,再进行适当的转换。

另外,词形转换涉及一些基本的构词法知识,要求我们熟悉常用的前缀、后缀。考生需要对此熟练掌握。

如果考查的是语法知识,就需要运用上面已经提到的常见的一些语法知识,进行适当的变化。填空题中最容易考查的语法点是非谓语动词、时态、虚拟语气等和动词右关的语法知识。解题没有特别技巧可言,是以扎实的语言功底为基础的。

(三)阅读理解

阅读理解部分共有5个任务,四类题型,前文我们已经对此作了简单介绍,下面我们主要分析各类题型的一些解题技巧。

篇章阅读理解部分的多项选择题涉及对文章内容多个方面的理解,既有对文章大意的理解,又有对细节内容的把握,还有观点态度的判断等等。针对不同的考查点,应用不同的解题策略。

1.读首段尾段,查段首段尾,抓主旨大意

主旨大意题主要考查对全文的主旨或某一段落大意的理解和归纳能力。这类题目主要检测考生是否在阅读时过分重视细节内容而忽视了文章的整体性。这种题日最能考查考生是否真正看懂了所阅读的文章。

做这种题目要用跳读技巧,把文章中间的细节内容跳过,关键在于仔细阅读文章第一段和最后一段的内容,要认真阅读文章第一段的起始句和最后一句,再到最后一段的第一句去找出与之相呼应的句子,这样一般就能找出文章的中心大意。

2.读试题题干,抓关键线索,辨事实细节

事实细节题是阅读理解题中最容易出现的一种题型,考查考生对文章全文是否能够彻底地理解。A级考试中的事实细节题相对简单,考杏内容主要包括文章中所涉及的事件、地点、背景、人物、特征、起凶、后果、方式、条件、关系等。

做这类题时,首先应当大致了解每段的内容,然后直接阅读试题题干,找出每道题目中的中心词,根据中心词在原文中迅速定位考点出处。最后,通过仔细阅读原文中的相关内容,确定答案。这类题的答案有一个明显的特点,那就是答案往往是对原文的信息转换,即答案只是将原文个别词用其同义词替换,或换了一种句式。考生做题时要特别注意这一点。

3.注意修饰语,锁定形容词,猜测观点态度

了解作者的观点和态度是阅读理解的另一个考核点。这类题型要求考生从一篇看似客观的描述或议论性质的文章中把作者隐藏的情绪、态度以及立场挖掘出来。这种题日难度较大,不仅要求考生看懂文章,而且要体会语言的深层含义,又要推断个别信息。

做这种题日时,要注意理解作者在描述某个事实时所使用的修饰语,凶为这类词最能反映出作者在进行写作时的心态以及他深藏在语言文字背后的对待某一事件或某一现象的立场。从词汇表意功能的角度分析,这类修饰语多数都是一些带有感情色彩的形容词,凶此,请记住观点态度题的解题要决——形容词表态度。

4.研读字里行间,分析逻辑关系,进行合理推断

推理判断题也是阅读的常规题型,这种题型要求考生通过阅读文章,根据文章中所给的有关信息,资料,进行简单的推理和判断,从而考查考生对文章深层含义的理解力和领悟力。

考生在做这类问题时要注意分析上下文的逻辑关系,注意表示条件、凶果、让步等关系的动词、名词等,根据这些关键词进行推理、判断,从而了解这些词所在句子或句群的深刻含义。做题时要注意:四个选项中凡是和原文中的说法相同或相近的一般来说都是错误选项;四个选项中讲得太具体的也往往是错误选项。

5.注意释义、举例,猜测词义、语义

语义理解题主要考查学生通过对文章的理解体会个别词语、语句在本文中的具体意思。这要求考生具有一定的根据上下文猜单词或短语意思的能力。这种题型一般数量不多,但是几乎每次都会出现。

做这类题时,考生要注意提问的词和短语在本文的意思肯定不是它的本义。要想理解它在文中的具体含义,必须根据这个词或短语在文章中出现的位置,将前后左右的句子联系起来分析,一般能在附近句子中找到一些提示,比如同义词、反义词、解释、定义、例子、列举等等,然后根据这些提示正确判断词或短语的意思。

6.应急答题方法

在做篇章理解多项选择题时,根据上面所介绍的方法,一般都能找出正确答案。实在难以确定正确答案时,可以采取以下应急方法答题,这些方法虽然不很科掌,但往往行之有效。

1)看似合理的选项不是答案,看似不合理的选项是答案

根据常识判断,四个选项中,某个选项看似不合理,而其他三个选项都很合理,那么看似不合理的选项往往最有可能是答案。

2)含义绝对或肯定的选项不是答案,含义不肯定的是答案

选项中如果出现表示绝对意义的词,比如must、always、never、the most、all、only等,这个选项是正确答案的可能性很小,而那些不肯定、不确定、为表达的观点留有余地的选项是正确答案的可能性要更大,这样的词有can、could、

probably、may、might、be likelv、relativelv等。

3)照抄原文的选项不是答案,对原文进行同义替换的选项是答案

如果某个选项的部分内容完全是原文原话或只是对原文中的句子做了细微的改变,这样的选项往往是干扰项,而真正的答案是那些对原文作同义替换的选项。

以上这些技巧都不是绝对的,它们只能用在特定的场合,而且带有很大的投机取巧的成分,要想真正得出好成绩还需要确实理解文章的内容,提高阅读能力。

阅读理解部分的第三个任务主要考查学生快速阅读材料,然后找出关键信息的能力。这个任务中的文章通常都是应用文,包括书信、通知、广告等。做这部分试题时,考生应当注意以下技巧:

1.通读文章,理解文章的大概意思

快速阅读文章,注意理解文章的体裁种文章的大概内容。这要求考生特别注意文章的首段内容,把握文章的大概信息。

2.阅读方框中需要补充完整的句子,确定关键信息

在了解文章的大概内容后,根据方框中的内容提纲,确定每一个需要补充的信息所涉及的关键词或短语。找出这些关键词或短语在原文中的位置,确定所要补充的信息,是做这部分题时最重要的一个环节。这部分主要考查考生的查读技能,也就是快速阅读文章,找出特殊信息的能力。

匹配题主要考查学生识别一些相关领域(如经济、计算机、电器等)专业词汇或用语的能力。通常给出学生十六、七个短语或句子,要求学生识别它们的意思,然后将它们和后面给出的5个或10个中文译文相匹配。这部分练习通常会涉及一些专业术语,要求学生能够进行识别。当然,要完全认识理解这些短语或句子的意思是不太现实的,这就要求考生要掌握一些必要的做题技巧:

1.快速浏览,确定专业领域

读各英汉短语和句子,了解它们的大概意思.并知道它们属于哪个领域,为接下来的猜词提供帮助。

2.范例查找,缩小选择范围

试题中给出了两个例子,做题时要充分利用这一点,首先将举例所涉及的两个短语在试题部分迅速查找出来,并将其划掉,以便缩小选择范围,扩大做题的正确率。

3.汉译英倒推,关键词汇得解

试题中所列英文短语或句子要多于对应的汉语选择项,因此,最节省时间的

做法就是先看汉语翻译,然后在英文选择项中进行有目的的查找,这样做日标明确,准确率也高。在实际查找过程中,若对所给出的英文短语或句子意思能彻底理解,当然更好。若不能完全理解,得出正确答案的有效方法是:首先确定汉语选择项中的某个关键词,然后运用排除法找到正确答案。很多时候,只要知道汉语译文中某一个词对应的英语单词,就能找到答案。

篇章问答主要考查考生理解文章细节内容的能力,题目以考查细节内容为主。所以,篇章问答的应试技巧和前面提过的快速阅读的应试技巧大同小异,主要在于把握两点:快速阅读文章,掌握文章的大概内容;根据文章后面的提问和不完整的回答,确定原文中和答案有关的关键词或短语,然后用查读( scanning)的方式在原文中找到那些含关键词或短语的句子,然后再根据那些句子确定回答问题所需的词。注意:回答这些问题时一般要求不能超过3个单词。

(四)翻译——英译汉

英译汉部分共有两种题型。前面4道题是多项选择题,主要考查学生正确理解识别合适的汉语译文的能力。在做这部分试题的时候,考生需要从多方面比较三个选项,找出三个选项的异同点,然后确定正确答案。第二种题型是对一段文字的翻译,主耍考查学生综合运用各种翻译技巧的能力。这种翻译题型需要学生有一定的语言表达能力,翻译出来的句子尽量符合汉语的表达方式。除了常见的做题技巧外,学生需要了解一些常见的翻译技巧。下面我们就从两个层次来阐述常见翻译技巧:词汇和语句。

1.词义的选择

在任何语言中,一词多义、一词多用都是很普遍的现象。在进行翻译时,考生应当根据词在不同语境中的意思,选择合适的词义。

2.词义的引申

词的意思在字典中是固定不变的,但是在实际运用中,我们往往要根据词出现的具体语境,将词的意思进行引申,为的是使表达更加确切,更符合汉语的习惯。

3.词类的转换

因为英汉两种语言的表达习惯不同,在进行英译汉翻译时,常常需要将句子中的某些词进行词类转换,常见的是将英语中的名词在翻译时转换为汉语中的动词,形容词转换为副词。

4.词义的增补和删减

由于英汉两种语言的表达习惯不同,在翻译时经常要酌情增加或者删减一些词语。增补的词通常是原文暗含的词、补充注释性词语、句子中省略的部分等,而删减的词通常是一些物主代词、连词等。

翻译时除了注意单词的翻译外,更主要的是注意对整个句子结构的把握,常见的语句翻译技巧有以下几种:

1.拆译法

英语中常常使用复杂的句子结构,句子之间逻辑关系很强,而汉语的特点是擅长运用短句,逻辑关系主要是通过句子的排列顺序来决定的。这就要求我们在进行英汉翻译时,通常把英语中的一个复杂句拆分为多个简单句,这样就更加符合汉语的表达习惯。

2.合译法

通常来说,合译法指的是将英语句子的后置修饰成分——包括短语和句子——译在所修饰的名词和代词之前,凶为汉语中不习惯将修饰语放在中心词的后面。

3.转换视点

转换视点指的是重组原文信息的表达形式,在不改变原文意思的情况下尽量采用汉语的表达方式,如将词语变为分句,分句变为短语,主动变为被动,肯定变为否定,分句之间、简单句与复合句之间的互换等。

(五)写作/汉译英

写作部分主要考查的是考生的应用文写作能力,一般要求考生在25分钟之内写出一篇应用文,包括书信、广告、通知、电子邮件等。在进行短文写作的时候,考生应当注意以下事项:

1.读题、审题

写作文时,考生不要急于动笔开始写作,应该花一些时间认真地看清楚题日要求。一般来说,题目要求会明确说明所写文章的体裁,是书信,还是广告、电子邮件等。有时候,题目要求中还会出现情景设置,这些都是在后面写作中所要用到的信息。

2.构思、列出大概提纲

理解清楚题目的要求后,接下来,考生就需要构思,想一想该应用文体的具体格式,写作时应当包含哪些内容。另外,考生应肖特别注意汉语提示中的内容,这些内容必须包含在写作中。这就要求考生要根据提示列出文章的大概提纲,想清楚文章应当包含几部分,每部分的具体内容是什么。

3.正式写作

确定好提纲后,一定要严格按照提纲写作,还要尽可能地使白己的语言规范化、生动化。这时候,可以尽量利用题日要求中给出的一些参考单词,另外,写作时要注意文章的思路、内容,并最大限度地表现出白己的语言功底。具体来说,考生在写作时应当注意以下几个方面的问题:

1)应用文的格式

考生在写作时一定要严格遵循各种应用文的格式,不能遗漏某个环节,如书信的格式通常包括六个方面的内容——信头、信内地址、称谓、正义、结束语和签名。考生应当注意各项内容的具体要求,每一部分应当出现在什么位置。建议考生在复习阶段花一段时间熟悉各种应用文体,包括书信(感谢信、投诉信、邀请信、询问信等)、广告、简历、通知、电子邮件等的格式。

2)文章的时态

动手写作前,一定考虑清楚文章的基本时态是什么,不要盲日地使用时态。一般来说,应用文体中最常见的时态是一般现在时,也就是说,应用文中的句子基本上要用一般现在时,除非在叙述过去事件或表示将来情况时用一般过去时或

一般将来时。考生在进行写作时,要注意使全文时态保持一致。

3)句子的多样化

英语写作中要尽量变化句子的结构,使文章中的句子形式多样,富有节奏感。在这一点上,考生容易走两个极端。第一个极端是文章句子结构简单,基本上都是简单句。这样,文章就缺乏生气,读起来就好像是流水账一样,没有文采。这样做的考生大部分是出于保险起见,为的是确保文章中句子的正确性。殊不知这样一来,句子虽然没有大的语法错误,但是毫无文采可言,不容易得高分。第二个极端是考生大量运用复合句或并列句,以为句子越复杂,越能显示其语言功底,能得高分。结果,常常使本来简洁的句子变得臃肿不堪,读起来非常别扭。考生在写作时,应当避免这两个极端,尽量使得文章中的简单句和复合句、长句和短句相互搭配,这样才能使文章富有节奏,充满文采。

高等学校英语应用能力考试A级真题及答案

2010年6月高等学校英语应用能力考试(PRETCO)2010-06-A Part I Listening Comprehension ( 15 minutes) Directions: This part is to test your listening consists of 3 sections. Section A Directions: This section is to test your ability to understand short are 5 recorded dialogues in each dialogue, there is a recorded the dialogues and questions will be spoken only you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) given in your test you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Example: You will hear: You will read: A) New York City. B) An evening party. C) An air trip. D) The man’s joB) From the dialogue we learn that the man is to take a flight to New , C) An air trip is the correct should mark C) on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. [A] [B] [C] [D] Now the test will begin. 1. B A) The man can have a room with a shower. B) The man can’t have a room at present. C) The man should come tomorrow. D) The man booked a double room.

大学英语应用能力考试试题及答案

Part I Cloze Test Directions: This part, numbered 1 to 15, is to test your grammar and vocabulary ability. Each of the blanks (N0.1 to No.15) is followed by four choices of suggested choices marked A), B), C) and D). Make the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. A "dark horse "is one that shows unexpected racing speed and comes in first, 1 the experts said he had little chance of winning. In politics, an 2 candidate (候选人) for office who 3 a nomination(提名)or election is called a "dark horse". British Prime Minister Benjamin Disrael is believed to 4 the first to use the phrase. In his novel, "The Young Duke ", published in 1831, Disrael described a horse race and told how the two top choices fell 5 ,while "a dark horse "which had never been thought of rushing past the grandstand (看台)in a sweeping triumph. From racing to politics was a short step. As a political phrase, “dark horse ” 6 for the first time in the national Democratic Party congress of 1844. The "dark horse" was James Knox Polk who became the llth President of the United States. Polk had been the leader of the House of Representatives from 1835 to 1839. He had 7 been Governor of the state of Tennessee. But as a national leader, he was considered a political 8 . Nevertheless, he 9 won the Democratic nomination and was elected 10 .Martin Van Buren of New York, A former President, seemed sure of getting the nomination. But he opposed making the territory of Texas part of the United States as mother state. He was 11 it because there was slavery in Texas. Van Buren did not want another slave state in the Union. As a result, he 12 support among those Democrats who supported slavery. At the 1884 congress, Van Buren could not get enough votes to win the nomination. The congress got into 13 . Therefore, the Democratic leaders decided that the only wise thing would be to run a "dark horse ", 14 who could unite the party. And so, one of the party leaders, George Bancroft, proposed the name of James Knox Polk. He won, and the party 15 behind him, And he defeated his opponent , Henry Clay of the Whig Party. After the 1844 congress, the "dark horse "candidates became an established fact of national political life. One historian said, "The invention of the dark horse was in itself a remarkable product of our professional politics. "This made it possible for party leaders to choose candidates who were not tied to certain ideas. Therefore, they represented nothing and had developed few enemies. 1. A. so B. even though C. so that D. as if 2. A. unknown B. famous C. popular D. known 3. A. accepts B. looks forward to C. refuses D. wins 4. A. be B. being C. been D. have been

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