2013年12月改革后四六级段落翻译考纲新增考点“社会民生”必备词句【背会典型18句，再出啥题都全对】
前天给了大家民族文化部分，这次是社会民生。13年12月四六级考纲关于翻译题有两点大纲变动
1、句子翻译改为整个段落汉译英翻译。
2、考试范围由“校园文化、民生发展、科技兴国、生命科学、求职就业”改为“校园文化、社会民生、餐饮娱乐、民生发展、科技兴国、生命科学、求职就业、新兴学科发展、中国传统文化”，其中亮点就是把“民生发展”改为了“社会民生”，这就要求我们对国家的经济发展、社会热点话题、、教育与生活常识等有一定的了解。为此，针对社会民生，需要掌握以下社会话题语句的通用表达，必背！背下这15句，社会民生考点将一分不丢。
推荐大家复制到word中打印出来天天看！本文也适用于针对四六级作文考纲“社会与生活常识”的必背考点.
1、为了切实保护儿童权益，中国的立法、司法、政府各有关部门以及社会团体都建立了相应的机制，以监督、实施和促进保护儿童事业的健康发展。// 中国政府动员社会采取多种方式关心和帮助残疾儿童的成长，大力弘扬残疾儿童自强不息的精神，倡导团结、友爱、互助的道德风尚。// 中国民族素有“携幼”，“爱幼”的传统美德，中国古语“有无有以及人之幼”了流传至今。// 我们要在全社会倡导树立“爱护儿童、教育儿童、为儿童做表率、为儿童办实事”的公民意识，并努力为儿童事业的发展创造良好的社会条件。//
To effectively protect children’s rightsand interests, china’s legislation, judicial and government de partmentsconcerned as well as non-governmental organizations have set up correspondingmech anisms to supervise, facilitate and promote the healthy development of thework on protecting ch ildren.// The Chinese government has done a great deal tomobilize various circles in society to ca re for, in various manners , thedevelopment of disabled children, to greatly encourage the spirit o f unceasingself-improvement among physically disadvantaged children and to advocate thevalue d social virtues of unity, friendship and mutual aid.// The Chinese nationhas long cultivated the tr aditional virtues of “bring up the young” and caringfor the young”. An old Chinese saying that “lo ve our children and love others’children in the same manner” is still very popular.// We should ur ge thesociety at large to raise the awareness of importance of “protecting andeducating children, and setting a good example and doing practical thing forchildren”. We will spare no efforts to cre ate favorable social conditions forthe progress of child development programs.//
2、中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放，这对海外企业（enterprises）意味着更多的商机。改革开放以来，中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长，而且也在合作中获得了收益。中国政府将继续提供有利的政策和条件，推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开展合作。
Chinawill develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world,which offers mo re business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since China’s reformand opening up, Chinese e nterprises have been cooperating with overseasenterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored greatachievement. Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterpris eswiththeir growth, but also benefited from the cooperation. Chinese government willcontinue t o offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the furthercooperation between Chinese an
d overseas enterprises.
3、假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人
的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。
The phenomenon of holiday economy showsthat Chinese people’s consumption concept is under taking great changes.According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from thebasic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development.Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt tosocial development. On the other hand, se rvices should be improved to satisfypeople’s demand for an improved quality of life.
4、泰山的每个季节都有独特的魅力。春天，绿茵茵的山坡上，争奇斗妍的花朵到处可见。夏天泰山的雷暴雨堪称奇观。秋天，枫树叶漫山遍野，蔚蓝色的河水川流不息。冬天，雪盖群峰松披霜，景观素雅悲壮，别有一番情趣。喜逢艳阳日，极目远眺，重峦叠嶂，尽收眼帘。//但遇天阴时，环顾四周，苍茫大地，尽入云海。泰山的日出与日落，闻名遐尔。壮观的自然风景以及不可计数的历史名胜，激发了古代文人墨客，为之舞文弄墨，创作了无数经典佳作。泰山历来是画家骚客所钟情的聚集地。//
Each season here hasits beauty: bright flowers in full bloom covering the green slopes in spring,s pectacular summer thunderstorms which are rarely seen elsewhere, blue riversrunning across th e mountains overlaid with red maple leaves in fall, andsnow-capped mountains and frosted pine t rees in winter that stage a quietsolemn spectacle of particular interest. On a clear day one can se e the peaks risingone after another. // When the sky is overcast, the horizon disappears into asea of clouds. Mount Tai is most famous forits spectacular sunrise and sunset. Its landscape and num erous historical siteshave inspired many great classics of ancient writers, scholars andcalligrapher s. Mount Tai has long been thepreferred gathering place of artists and poets.//
这个句子有难度，建议大家先看完昨天的那些，都大同小异. 5、2013年6月20日在中国各地，剧估计60万儿童和他们的老师观看了有宇航员（astronaut）王亚平在距离地球300公里的上空所讲授的科学课。王亚平与两个同事乘坐天宫一号实验舱(theTiangon-1 laboratory module) 执行为期两周的任务。她在课上进行了一系列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中还对比了在地球上重力（one-gravity）环境下同样的实验。这堂物理课不仅让孩子们享受了一堂知识与乐趣兼具的物理课，也显示了我国通信科技的前进。
On June 20, 2013, an estimated 600 thousandschool children and their teachers across China w atched a science lessontaught from 300km above the Earth by astronaut Wang Yaping. Wang is a board theTiangong-1 laboratory module with two crewmates, for a two-week mission. Her lesson swere a series of physics demonstrations in the space. In some demonstrations,she compared wit h the same experiment under the one-gravity environment onEarth. The lesson has not only offer ed children a physics lesson with knowledgeand interest, but also shows the advance in communi cation technology of China.
6 、朝气蓬勃，充满活力，丰富多彩的上海是现代中国的缩影。虽然上海的文化遗迹不能与北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市风貌，风格各异的万国建筑为这座城市注入了无限的魅力。今日之上海，已经成为享誉中外的国际大都市。漫步在这座日新月异的现代大都市里，你会发现许多精彩的历史亮点，隐现在众多摩天大楼背后的是上海发展变化的轨迹。它们记述了上海自十九世纪末开埠以来，尤其是新中国成立以后，是如何迅猛发展的。
Shanghai is a dynamic, diverse and stimulating city - the very epitome ofmodern China.Though Shanghai cannot rival Beijing in cultural heritage, its varied architecturalstyles and cosmopolitan f eel give it a charm of its own. Today's Shanghai has become aworld-famous international metrop olis. A walk through this booming city revealsmany glimpses of its colorful past. Hidden amongst the skyscrapers are remains of theoriginal Shanghai.They keep on showing how Shangha
i has beendeveloping fast and enormously since its opening as a commercial port in thelate 19th century, especially after the founding of new China.
7、近代以来，亚洲经历了曲折和艰难的发展历程。亚洲人们为改变自己的命运，始终以不屈的意志和艰辛的奋斗开辟前进道路。今天，人们所看到的亚洲发展成就，是勤劳智慧的亚洲人民不屈不挠、锲而不舍奋斗的结果。亚洲人民深知，世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发展模式，也没有一成不变的发展道路，亚洲人民勇于变革创新，不断开拓进取，探索和开辟适应时代潮流，符合自身实际的发展道路，为经济社会发展打开了广阔前景。
In modern times, Asiaexperienced twists and turns in its development. To change their destiny, th epeople of Asia have been forging ahead in anindomitable spirit and with hard struggle. Asia'sdev elopment achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts of theindustrious and talent ed Asian people. The people of Asiaare fully aware that there is no ready model or unchanging pa th of developmentthat is universally applicable. They never shy away from reform and innovation .Instead, they are committed to exploring and finding development paths that arein line with the trend of the times and their own situations, and have openedup bright prospects for economic a nd social development.
8、吸烟之危害，可谓大矣，其严重性是不能低估的。吸烟污染空气，损害健康，使肺癌发病率大大增加。为了使各国人民关注烟草的盛行及预防吸烟导致的疾病和死亡，世界卫生组织已将每年的5月31日定为“世界无烟日”。瘾君子们说，一天饭不吃可以，一个时辰不抽烟就难捱了，不能戒。只要真正意识到吸烟有百害而无一利，于人于己都是一种祸害，就有可能下决心摆脱烟草的诱惑。戒烟贵在坚持，坚持下去就是收获。
Smoking does great harm to human and itsgravity should not be underestimated. Smoking pollu tes air, damages health, andincreases the incidence of lung cancer. To arouse the awareness abou t theprevalence of tobacco in all the countries and to prevent smoking-induceddiseases and deat hs, the WHO (World Health Organization) has defined May 31stin every year as World No-Tobacc o Day. The tobacco addicts say that smoking isimpossible to quit because they could do without meals in a day but would feeltortured without tobacco in two hours. However, when one realizes that smokingis harmful in many ways but beneficial in no way and that it is a curse toothers as we ll as to he himself, he will be determined to resist the temptationof tobacco. To quit smoking requ ires persistence and so long as one persists,he’ll be rewarded.
9、越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。
An increasing number of English-educatedChinese parents overseas have come to the realizatio n that while Englishlearning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that their kidshave a g ood command of Chinese. China’srise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their ki ds can benefitfrom their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitivenessin the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity withthe two different cultures bet ween the East and the West. They have hardlychanged their attitudes towards Chinese. At one ti me they proudly declared thatthey knew English only. Now, they have begun to give full support t o their kidslearning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China,where t hey can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its richcultural heritage.
10、我赞同许多东亚学者的观点，东方文明可以医治盛行于西方世界的一些顽疾。西方世界个人自由主义泛滥导致了极端个人主义、性关系混乱以及过度暴力行为，对此我们不能视而不见。// 相反，东方社会的自我约束力，集体责任感以及温厚儒雅的传统倒可以消除西方社会的许多恶疾。// 在这个信息时代，世界已缩小成一个地球村。这个地球村里，不再有什么泾渭分明的东方世界和西方世界，我们是生活在同一个社区里的邻里。// 因此，我们彼此之间无须冲突。我们之间的关系应该是一种友好合作，平等互补的关系。我们应该相互理解，相互学习，和睦共处。
I share the same view with many East Asianscholars that the Oriental civilization can heal some of the prevailing ,stubborn Western ills. We should not turn a blind eye to the fact thatindividual f reedom has gone overboard in the West, resulting in extremeindividualism, sexual promiscuity an d excessive use of violence.// By contrast,self-discipline, corporate responsibility and the pacific tr adition of East Asiacan offset many Western vices.// At this age of information, the world has shr unkas a global village in which there will be no clear-cut worlds of the East and theWest any more , but a world of one community with neighboring families.// Therefore,we do not necessarily hav e to come into clash with each other. Our relationshipis one of friendly cooperation, equality and mutual complementarity and therefore,we should understand and learn from each other, and liv
e in harmony.//
11、国际贸易的基本原则是平等互利，各国追求各自的利益是正常的，出现一些摩擦和纠纷也是不可避免的。关键要以冷静而明智的态度正确对待和处理摩擦和纠纷。// 就中美贸易而言，互利共赢的经贸关系给两国人民带来了实实在在的经济利益。今天，美国在华投资设立的企业已超过4 万家，投资额达450 亿美元。// 美国500 强企业有400 多家进入中国，大多数企业获利丰厚。与此同时，在美国市场上，许多中国商品受到美国消费者的青睐。中国在美国投资设立的企业已超过1000 家。// 我们可以预见，中美贸易摩擦将随着经贸关系的深化而凸显，但是中美经贸合作的总体发展是不可逆转的。主要有两个原因，其一：中美贸易具有很大互补性。其二：中国产品具有明显的劳动力成本优势。//
Equality and mutual benefit is thefundamental principle of international trade. Therefore, it is n ormal thatcountries will seek to protect their own interests, which may lead to trade frictionsand disputes. The key lies in how to cope with these issues correctly in a cooland wise manner.// As fo rChina-US trade, mutually beneficial and win-win tradeand economic ties have delivered tangible economic benefits to the two peoples.Now, with over 40,000 U.S.- invested enterprises, the total investment in Chinastands at $45 billion.// Of the top 500 U.S companies, more than 400 have th eirbusiness in China, and most of them are making handsome profit. At the sametime, many Chin ese commodities have become favored choices of American consumers.Meanwhile, the number of Chinese-invested enterprises in the United Sates hassurpassed 1,000.// We predict that trade disputes between China and the United Stateswill become more acute along with the further dev elopment in bilateral trade andeconomic cooperation. The overall development in bilateral trade and economic cooperationis, however, irreversible. There are two factors contribute to this trend. Firstly, the Sino-U.S. economic and trade relations enjoy complementarities in vastfields. Secondly , Chinahas an outstanding labor cost advantage.//
12、中国国际出版集团是中国最大的、最权威的外语出版发行单位，其前身是中央人民政府新闻出版署国际新闻局。// 我集团坚持“让中国走向世界，让世界了解中国”的出版原则，全心致力于中国外语教育与研究事业的发展，全心致力于中外文化交流事业的拓展。// 为了加强对出版人才队伍的建设，为了满足日益增长的特殊出版业务的需要，我集团每年都要选派一些青年员工到国内外知名高等学府和研究机构进修，// 根据我们的发展战略，我们会将
前进的步伐迈出国界走向世界，瞄准海外读者群，这一战略已取得了良好的开局。// The China International Publishing Group isthe largest and the most authoritative foreign lang uage publishing anddistribution establishment, its predecessor being the International PressBure au of the Central People's Government Press and Publication Administration.//Adhering to the pu blishing philosophy of “assisting China's march to the worldand facilitating world's understanding of China”, the Group commits itselfentirely to promoting foreign language education and researc
h in China and advancingcultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.// In order to b uild upa strong team of publishing staff, as well as to meet the growing need of more technicallyd emanding business, the Group makes it a rule that young staff be selected andsent to noted univ ersities and research institutions, both domestic and overseas,for further studies.// As is clearly s pelled out in our new development strategy,we will go beyond our national boundaries and wedg
e ourselves into the worldcirculation market, aiming at the international readership. Our initial ef
f ortshave been very rewarding.//
13、改革开放30 年来，随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增，海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。// 通过学习汉语，他们对这个和自己文化大相径庭的古老文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，而且有机会了解中国的哲学、艺术、医学、饮食文化，亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。// 作为第二文化，中国文化也丰富了他们的生活和世界观。可以说，这个潮流方兴未艾。越来越多的学习汉语的美国人除了对中国菜肴赞不绝口之外，也在尝试针灸，草药和武术。//他们也看功夫电影，学习东方时装潮流和手工艺，不知不觉的在日常生活中谈及中国的点心，人参、银杏，乌龙茶等。目前在美国最热门的中国文化是道家学说和有着神秘色彩的风水学。
As China is rising as a political andeconomic world power, thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up, moreand more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn to aConf ucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice learningChinese language and Chinese c ulture.// During the learning process, thelearners concurrently develop their interest in this ancie
nt land, whose civilizationis so vastly different from theirs. And the learners have opportunities to learn about Chinese philosophy, art, architecture, medicine and cateringculture and experience fi rst-hand the splendors of this venerablecivilization.// As the second culture, Chinese culture has enriched the lifeand world outlook of the learners. This trend, so to speak, is gathering momentu mand is there to stay. Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine, more and moreAmerican learners of Chinese language are turning to Chinese acupuncture ,herbal medicines, martial arts.// They a re also interested in kongfu films,fashions and crafts. Seemingly outlandish words such as dim su m, ginseng,gingko, oolong cha have crept into their everyday language. The latest Chinesecultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism, and ancient school ofthought, and fengshui, an ancien t art of placement.//
14、上海菜系是中国最年轻的地方菜系，通常被成为“本帮菜”，有着400多年的历史。同中国其他菜系一样，“本帮菜”具有“色，香，味”三大要素。//上海菜的特点是注重调料的使用，食物的质地和菜的原汁原味。其中最著名的有特色点心“南翔小笼”和特色菜“松鼠鲑鱼”。//“南翔小笼”是猪肉馅，个小味美，皮薄汁醇。“松鼠鲑鱼”色泽黄亮，形如松鼠，外皮脆而内肉嫩，汤汁酸甜适口。//在品尝过“松鼠鲑鱼”之后，我们常常惊讶于“松鼠”的形状，觉得在三大评价标准上在添加“形”这个标准才更合适。//
Shanghai cuisine , usually called Benbang cuisine, is the youngest among themajor regional cuisi nes in China,with a history of more than 400 years. Like all other Chinese regional cuisines,Benba ng cuisines takes “color, aroma and taste” as its essential qualityelements.//Shanghai cuisine emp
hasizes in particular the expert use ofseasonings, the selection of raw materials with quality textu re, and originalflavors. Shanghaicuisine is famous for a special snack known as Nanxiang Steamed Meat Dumplingsand a special dish called “Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish”.//Nanxiang Steamed Meat Dumplings are small in size, with thin and translucent wrappers, filledinside with ground po rk and rich tasty soup. Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish isyellow-colored and squirrel-shaped, with a crispy skin and tender meat, allcovered with a sweet and sour source.//After tasting Squirrel-Sh aped MandarinFish, we are always amazed by the squirrel shape and think that it is moreappropri ate to plus “appearance” as the fourth element.
15、美国人强调效率、竞争和独创性，而中国人则将严谨规划放在首位，鼓励团队成员之间的密切合作和无私奉献。//在美国学校，讨论享有至高无上的地位，讨论是课堂教学的主旋律；而中国教师喜欢讲课，喜欢考试，编写千篇一律的标准教案，培养整齐划一的高材生。//美国人的政治观，经济观以及社会观的核心是个人道德自治观。中国传统的思想体系是以儒家学说为基础的，这种思想强调整体和谐。//现在，中美联系比以往更加紧密，中国人学英语，玩保龄球，吃肯德基，美国人学汉语，练功夫，吃北京烤鸭，《泰坦尼克》驶进中国，《牡丹亭》也在百老汇上演。//
American people emphasize efficiency,competition and originality while Chinese people give pri ority to carefulplanning and encourage close cooperation and altruistic dedication among teamm embers.//In American schools, discussion is given top priority while Chineseteachers like to lectur e in class,and a lot of them are obsessed withexaminations. They write consistent and standardiz ed teaching plans, and arehappy with bringing up identical and standardized talents.//Central to Americanpolitical, economic and social thought is the concept of individual moralautonomy. Tradi tional Chinese philosophical systems are based on Confucianism,which sings high praises for com munal harmony.//Nowadays, the relation of China and America becomecloser than ever. Chinesel earn English, play bowling, enjoy KFC, while Americans learn Chinese, exerciseKung Fu, like Pekin g Duck. And Titanic sailed into China, while The Peony Pavilion hasbeen performed on Broadway./ /
16、武术在我国源远流长，是中华民族传统文化的瑰宝。我们知道，一个民族的优秀文化遗产，不仅仅属于一个民族，它会逐渐传播到世界而成为人类的共同财富。// 为了更好的推广武术运动，使其与奥运项目接轨，中国武协和国际武联做了大量的艰苦卓绝的工作。现在武术运动已被列为一种具有与保龄球运动和国际标准舞同等地位的奥运表演项目。//武术的蓬勃发展，除得益于其项目本身的吸引力之外，早期移居海外的一代武术大师功不可没。//老一代武术家在海外播种下了武术的种子，使武术这门既可以自卫又可以健身的运动很快就在新的土地上扎下了根。今天高超的武术大师已遍布世界各地，武术爱好者也与日俱增。// Wushu, or Chinese martial art, can betraced back to ancient times. It is a gem of Chinese tradi tional culture. As weall know, the fine culture of a nation doesn’ t belong to the nation alone an dit will be spread to the rest of the world and shared by all humanity.// TheChinese Wushu Associ ation and International Wushu Federation (IWUF) have beenworking very hard to popularize wus hu and make the Chinese martial art closerto the Olympic Movement. Wushu was accepted to joi n bowling and internationalstandard dance as an Olympic demonstration event.// The booming o f wushu isattributed not only to the attractiveness of the sport but also to emigrantChinese wush u masters over the years.// Martial artists of the older generationshave sown wushu seeds in fore ign countries. Weshu, which can be used as selfdefense and can keep practitioners fit and strong, soom became popular on newlands. Today sperb wushu masters are active all over the world, an d amateursare on the increase with each passing day.
17、香港中文大学，简称“中大”，成立于1963年。中大是一所研究型综合大学，以“结合传统与现代，融汇中国与西方”为创校使命。//40多年来，中大一直致力于弘扬中华传统文化，坚持双语教育，并推行独特的书院制度，在香港教育界卓然而立。中大校园占地134 公顷，是世界上最美丽的校园之一。//中大的师生来自世界各地。有教职员工 5200多人，近万名本科生、约2000多名研究生，其中约2500多人来自45个不同的国家和地区。//中大实行灵活的学分制，不仅有助于培养有专有博的人才，而且还赋予学生更大的学习自主权。中大的多元教育有助于充分发挥每一个学生的潜能。//
The ChineseUniversity of Hong Kong, CUHK for short, was founded in 1963. It is aresearch-orient ed comprehensive university with a mission to combine traditionwith modernity and bring togeth er China and the West.//For more than40 years, we have been distinguished from other local uni versities by virtue ofour rich Chinese cultural heritage, bilingual education, and our unique colleg esystem. 134-hectare campus is one of the most beautiful campuses in the world.//CUHK’ s facul ty and students come fromall corners of the world. It has more than 5200 staff members,approxi mately10,000 undergraduates, and 2000 postgraduate students. Of these students, some2,500 ar e from 45 countries and regions outside Hong Kong.//The flexible creditunit system allows a bala nce between depth with breadth, and a high degree offree choice of students in designing their o wn learning. The multi-facetededucation at CUHK helps to bring out the best in every student.// 18、过去10年，海平面升高和森林看法的速度都是前所未有的；生态恶化、物种灭绝、臭氧层被破坏、温室效应、酸雨等一系列环境问题已经严重影响到人类的生存环境。// 环境恶化造成的问题之一就是缺水。目前全世界 40%以上的人口，即 20 多亿人，面临缺水问题。据预测，未来 25 年全球人口将有 60 亿增长到 80 亿，环境保护面临更大的压力。// 中国作为一个发展中国家，面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。从国情出发，中国在全面推进现代化的过程中，将环境保护视为一项基本国策。// 众所周知，对生态环境和生物多样性的保护是环保工作的重点。我国野生动植物物种丰富，仅脊椎动物就有 6000 多种左右，高等植物 3 万多种。//
Sea level rose and forest were destroyed atan unprecedented rate during the last decade. A seri es of environmentalproblems such s the deterioration of ecosystem, the extinction of bio-species, damage to the ozone layer, the green-house effect, acid rain, have posed aserious threat to huma n living conditions.// Environmental crisis leads to oneof the serious problems, namely, water sho rtage. Presently, more than 40% ofthe world’s population, more than 2 billion people, now face w ater shortage. Itis predicted hat with the global population expected to increase from sixbillion to eight billion over the next 25 years, more pressure on environmentalprotection stress is expecte d.// As a developing country, china is confrontedwith the dual task of developing the economy an d protecting the environment.Proceeding from its national conditions, china has, in the process o f promotingits overall modernization program, made environmental protection one of itsbasic sta te policies.// It is known to all that protection of the ecologicalenvironment and biodiversity is th e focal point of environmental protectionwork. Chinais rich in wildlife species. There are about 6, 000 vertebrates alone and 30,000species of higher plants.
2013年12月改革后四六级段落翻译考纲新增考点“中国传统文化”必备词句【背会典型16句，再出啥题都全对】
13年12月四六级考纲关于翻译题有两点大纲变动 1、句子翻译改为段落汉译英翻译。
2、考试范围由“校园文化、民生发展、科技兴国、生命科学、求职就业”改为“校园文化、社会生活、餐饮娱乐、民生发展、科技兴国、生命科学、求职就业、新兴学科发展、中国传统文化”，其中亮点就是新增了难度较大的文化领域。为此，针对传统文化，需要掌握以下文化语句的通用表达，必背！背下这16句，传统文化考点将一分不丢。
推荐大家复制到word中打印出来天天看！本文也适用于针对四六级作文考纲“民族传统”的必背考点
一、对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。 Chinese Dragon Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years. T he ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including th e fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chines e nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.
二、秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同事他们也乐在其中。
Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China.It is usually performed in northern provinces . The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapi d. During some festivals such as Spring Festival, Lantein Festival, if people hear the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is , they will come to street and appreciate the Yangk o. Recent years, the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves, the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole year.
三、长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就想到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连城长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城——东起山海关，西至嘉峪关——大部分都是在明代修建的。
The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, "He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man."In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the "Great Wall" until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built durin g the Ming Dynasty. 四、Dumplings Dumplings are one of the Chinese people’s favorite traditional dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made b y the medical saint---Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) ma
ke dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumpling s and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and u nique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. There’s an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”. During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eati ng dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at t he moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year.
饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。饺子的制作是包括： 1）擀皮、2）备馅、3）包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。中国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。
五、Acupuncture Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In accorda nce with the “main and collateral channels” theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to d redge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the bod y’s yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs. It features in traditional Chinese medicine tha t “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”. The main therapy of acupuncture in volves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patient’s body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patient’s acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain. With its uniqu e advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now spre ad all over the world. Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu (otherwise know n as Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as on e of the “four new national treasures.”
针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。按照中医的经络理论，针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、调和气血，来达到阴阳归于平衡，使脏腑趋于调和之目的。其特点是“内病外治”。主要疗法是用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位，或用艾火的温热刺激烧灼病人的穴位，以达到刺激经络。治疗病痛的目的。针灸以其独特的优势，流传至今并传播到了世界，与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外誉为中国的“新四大国粹”。
六、Chinese Kung Fu Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in ab undance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defence in combat a nd the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks. The core idea of Chinese king fu is derive d from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony” and “cultivating qi” (otherwise kn own as nourishing one’s spirit). Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism. Ch inese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and e mphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training. It contains the anci ent great thinkers’ pondering of life and the universe. The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapo ns named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shado w boxing (Taijiquan), form and will boxing (Xingyiquan), eight trigram
palm (Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, t
wo-edged swords and halberds, axes, tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so on. 中国功夫即中国武术，是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体育项目，承载着丰富的中国民族传统文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说，同时兼容了道家、释家的思想。中国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多，讲究刚柔并济、内外兼修，蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟。后世所称十八般武艺，主要指：徒手拳艺，如太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。
七、Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember thin gs. After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodie s phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time. The writing system, which was extre mely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these a re regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters. Afterwards, Chinese characters went thro ugh numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script, r unning script, etc. Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is roote d in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The five basic strokes of C hinese characters are “---“ (the horizontal stroke) “│” (the vertical stroke), “／”( the left-falling stroke), “＼” (the right-falling stroke), and “乙” (the turning stroke).
汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，经过不断演变发展最终成为一种兼具音、形、意韵的独特文字。现存中国古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被认为是现代汉字的初形。此后，汉字又经历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不同的阶段。汉字结构“外圆内方“，源于古人”天圆地方“的观念。汉字有五种基本笔画，即：横、竖、撇、捺、折。
八、Chinese Chopsticks The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world. The record ed history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago. Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, suc h as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on. Chops ticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. For example, the p artial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon. Unlike using a knife and fork or one’s own han ds, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters”. Chopsticks are hig hly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization. 中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简单，但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能。中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。与使用刀叉以及手抓的方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵“的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文明。
九、Chinese Seal A seal can also be defined as a stamp. Both the Chinese official and private seal of v arious dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others. The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, etc. According to historical r ecords, seals were widely used during the Warring States Period (475BC-221BC). The making of a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on; or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as round or square. Covered with a ve
rmilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life, but it is also used to represent signa tures on paintings and calligraphies. It is gradually becoming one of China’s unique artworks.
印章就是图章。中国历代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同的称谓，而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。据史料记载，印章在战国时代已普遍使用。印章的制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的形式雕刻而成，形状以圆、方为主。印章用朱色钤盖，除日常应用外，又多用于书画题识，逐渐成为中国特有的艺术形式之一。
十、Chinese Era The Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for recording and nami ng years. The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xin, ren, gui. The twelve Eart hly Branches are: zi.chou, yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai. After observing the lunar month, the ancients found that the moon always wazes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and t wo lunar months account for about 60 days, so the order of the ten Heavenly Stems and the orde r of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn. In terms of recording date, 60 year s is considered to be a full time cycle. The Chinese era chronology was first invented in ancient ti mes and is still in use now. according to the chronology of the “ten Heavenly Stems,” 2011 is the y ear of “the seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems” and “ the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”.
天干地支是中国历法中用以记录和命名年岁的方法。十天干为：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支为：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人观测朔望月，发现月亮圆缺12次大体上是一年的天数，而两个朔望月约是60天。古人以十天干与十二地支的顺序依次相配，记录不同年份，60年为一个轮回。干支纪年法从古沿用至今。按干支纪年法，2011年便是辛卯年。 C
十一、hinese Beijing Opera Praised as “Oriental Opera”, Beijing Opera is a genuine national quintess ence of China. It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especially huiban in souther n China. At the end of the 19th Century, Beijing Opera evolved and took shape, becoming the gre atest kind of opera in China. Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts---song, speech, performa nce, acrobatix fighting and dance. Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot and characters thr ough stylized acting. The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are sheng(male), dan (young female ), jing (painted face, male), and chou( clown, male or female). 京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”，是地道的中国国粹。它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，特别是南方的“徽班”。到了19世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏曲剧种。京剧是综合性表演艺术，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）为一体，通过程式化的表演手段，叙述故事，刻画人物。角色主要分生（男性）、旦（女性）、净（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行当。
十二、Chinese Taoism Taoism first originated in China. The founder of Taoism is Laozi, a philosopher an d thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period (770BC-476BC). Tao Te Ching whose aut horship has been attributed to Laozi, is considered to be the main Taoist classic. Taoism advocate s the value of a human being’s life, recommends the discarding of all desires and worries from on e’s mind, and encourages the cultivation of moral character and the nourishment of human natur e. The following is an example of Laozi’s golden saying: The way that can be told of is not an unva rying way; The names that can be named are not unvarying names. It was from the nameless that
Heaven and Earth sprang; The named is but the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures, e ach after its kind. Truly, only he that rids himself forever of desire can see the secret essences; He that has never rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes.
道教是中国土生土长长的宗教。创始人是春秋末期的哲学家、思想家老子。道教以老子所著的《道德经》为主要经典。道教主张“重人贵生”。崇尚清静无为，修身养性。“道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。无名天地之始；有名万物之母。故常无，欲以观其妙；常有，欲以观其徼”便是老子的至理名言。
十三、Chinese Idioms Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressi ons. Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice. An idiom is a l anguage unit that is larger than a word, but has the same grammatical function as a word. Most C hinese idioms consist of four characters. For example, ziqiangbuxi ( make unremitting efforts to i mprove oneself), qingchuyulan(bluer than indigo), and houjibofa (success comes with time and ef fort). Idioms are extrated from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings. Idioms are a part of the Chinese language that are concise and have gre at vitality.
中国成语是汉语中意义完整的表示一般概念的固定词组或短语。“成语”中的“成”既是约定俗成。成语是比词大而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位。绝大多数的中国成语由四个汉字组成，例如：自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发。成语主要从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成，是汉语语言中精炼而又富有生命力的一部分。
十四、China is the home of silk. Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and thickening are all great in ventions of the ancient Chinese. As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties (1600BC-256BC), the C hinese people’s silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level. During the Western Han Dynasty ( 206BC-25AD), Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat, travelled around central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new era of Sino-foreign trade, e xchange and communication. From then on, China’s silk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and color, and abundant culture connotations. Hitherto, Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization.
中国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。商周时期丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。西汉时张骞通西域，把中原与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征。东方文明的使者。
十五、Chinese Classical Garden The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chine se architecture. It is a kind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with the natural landscape. The construction standard of a Chine se classical garden is “artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural.” When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept whi ch “makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountains and rivers for viewers.” Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the o
rigins of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.
中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建筑艺术的珍宝。其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开”。游赏中国古典园林，能充分领略“假自然之景，创山水真趣”的园林意境。在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。
十六、The Four Treasures of the Study The writing brush, ink stick, ink stone, and paper were requisite t reasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China, and they are often referred to as the “Fou r Treasures of the Study.” The writing brush and ink stick have been used by the Chinese to writ e and paint since 5,000 years ago. In the Qin Dynasty (221BC---206BC), people already used feath ers of different hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes. During the Han Dynasty (206BC-22 0AD), man-made ink was used instead of natural ink. After paper was invented by the Chinese, ba mboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk, which originally functioned as writing surfaces, gra dually faded out. The ink stone was first developed with the use of writing brushes and ink. After the Song Dynasty (960AD---1279AD), the “Four Treasure of the Study” particularly referred to hu bi, the writing brush produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang province; huimo, the ink stick produced in Hui zhou, Anhui province; xuan paper, a kind of paper produced in Xuanzhou, Anhui province; and du anyan, the ink stone made in Zhaoqing, Guangdong province (Zhaoqing was earlier called Duanzh ou). Indeed, the Four Treasures of the Study” have writtin the whole Chinese civilization, as it is. 笔墨纸砚是中国古代文人书房当中必备的宝贝，被称为“文房四宝”。用笔墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。秦时已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔；汉代以人工制墨替代了天然墨；有了纸张以后，简牍锦帛逐失其用；砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展。“文房四宝”到宋朝以后特指湖笔、徽墨、宣纸、端砚。可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。
2013年12月英语6级翻译汇总 【翻译原文】丝绸之路：闻名于世的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。丝绸之路是古代中国的丝绸贸易。丝绸之路上的贸易在中国、南亚、欧洲和发挥这重要作用。正是通过丝绸之路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷术传遍各地。同样，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器也传遍各地，欧洲也是通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物，满足中国市场的需要。 【参考译文】The world-renowned Silk Road is a series of routes connecting the East and the West. The Silk Road represents the ancient Chinese silk trade. The Silk Road trade played an important role in China, South Asia, Europe and Africa. It was through the Silk Road that Chinese papermaking, gunpowder, the compass and the printing press spread all over the world. Similarly, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain also spread all over the world through the Silk Road. And Europe exported all kinds of goods and plants through the Silk Road to meet the needs of the Chinese market. 【翻译原文】中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收，这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似，过中秋节的习俗与唐代早期在中国各地开始流行，中秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日，这天夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。2006年，中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产，2008年又被定为公共假日，月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食，人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有“寿”(longevity)、“福”或“和”等字样。 【参考译文】Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America. The tradition of celebrating Mid-Autumn festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang dynasty. The lunar August 15 is a day for people worshiping the moon. On this day, under the dazzling bright moon, families reunite and enjoy the moon’s beauty. In 2006, Mid-Autumn festival was listed as one of China's cultural heritage, and in 2008, it was classified as a public holiday. Moon cakes, as indispensable delicious food of the festival, were gifts people sent to families and friends during the festival and usually eaten on family gatherings. There are characters of “longevity”,“goodfortune”and “harmony” on the Traditional moon cakes. 【翻译原文】中国园林是经过三千多年演化而成的独具一格的园林景观。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的调和关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林周围有围墙，园内有池塘、假山、树木、花草以及各种各样由弯曲的小路和走廊衔接的建筑。散步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景观犹如山水画卷一般展示在面前。 【参考译文】Chinese gardens came into being after three thousand years of evolution and unique landscape. It includes both large garden built for the royal family enjoyment, including academics, businessmen, and former government officials to get rid of the noise of the outside world and build private garden. These gardens constituted an intended to express the human and the nature should be harmonious relations between miniature landscape. A typical Chinese garden surrounded by a fence, garden with ponds, rockeries, trees, flowers and plants, and various buildings connected by winding paths and corridors. Stroll in the garden, people can see a series of carefully designed like landscape picture show in front of the landscape. 2013年12月英语六级翻译评析 从八月份四六级改革公布到12月14号第一次改革后真题面世，大学英语老师、培训机构的老师和广大四六级考生们都在这个四个月的时间里经历了担忧、恐惧、好奇，最终等待、期盼的过程。当变化最大的六级段落汉译英真题和大家见面后，每一个与之相关的人都会大叹一句：中国风，真不简单啊！
翻译题应试技巧 汉语主动句译成英语被动句 我们在汉译英时，往往也需要把汉语主动句译成被动句。这是因为：为了保证上下文连贯，使衔接更紧密，句子更自然；或强调动作承受者；或使语气婉转、措辞恰当。具体转换方法有如下两种。 1）把汉语主动句的宾语译成英语被动句的主语。 例1 ____________（将领你们去参观我们的新车间）by the secretary. 译文：Y ou will be shown our new workshop. 简评：如果这句话不是划线填内容，你完全可以将它翻译成The secretary will show you our new workshop。正是因为题型是补全句子，这就给翻译带来了一定的难度，你必须去适应题型要求而不是让题型来适应你。让我们看看译文已给出部分：by the secretary显然是一个被动语态特征，"秘书"在译文里已经由原来的主语变成了译文句子的补足成分。所以，题目是暗示我们要把原句中"你们"转换成译句里的主语，这样才符合出题要求。 例2 Y ou __________（我们期待你能组织贸易推广活动）this time. 译文：are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns. 简评：根据题目可推知全句意思是：我们期望你能组织这次的贸易推广活动。中文句子主语、谓语、宾语分别是：我们、期望、你。但是在英文译文的给出部分中我们看到句子以you开头，也就是说"你被期望能组织这次贸易推广活动"。中文的宾语变成了英文的主语，这就要求我们在翻译时要使用被动语态。全句完整答案是：Y ou are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns this time. 2）当汉语句以"我们"、"人们"、"大家"等泛指性代词作主语时，在翻译成英文的时候常常可以忽略主语不译，并把英文译句处理成被动语态。处理后的英文译句往往带有know，see，find，say，suppose，estimate，report，suggest，stress，consider，expect，admit，point，understand 等动词。 例3 如果原子失去一个或多个电子，我们就说这个原子带正电荷。 译文：If one or more electrons are removed，the atom is said/believed/thought to be positively charged. 简评：这句话是一个条件从句。即：在原子失去一个或多个电子的情况下，这个电子带正电荷。"我们就说这个原子带正电荷"可理解为"这个原子被认为/ 被确信/ 被说成是带正电荷"。那么根据前面所说的原则，我们在翻译时可以将泛指性主语"我们"省略不译，并使用被动语态。 从这个例子里我们还可以看出，在科技文章中，根据英语表达习惯我们应当多采用被动语态，以强调事物的客观性。 例4 人们采用各种措施来防止腐蚀。 译文：All kinds of measures are taken to prevent corrosion. 简评：这句话可以按原文译成主动态，即：People have taken all kinds of measures to prevent corrosion。也可以用被动语态来翻译--All kinds of measures are taken to prevent corrosion。两者比较而言，被动态译文更突出表明所有、种种措施已经付诸实施，all kinds of measures得到强调，而主动态译法只是平铺直叙，重点不突出。
2013年12月英语六级翻译真题 试卷一： 闻名于世的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。丝绸之路延伸6,000多公里。得名于古代中国的丝绸贸易。丝绸之路上的贸易在中国、南亚、欧洲和中东文明发展中发挥了重要作用。正是通过丝绸之路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷等四大发明才被引介到世界各地。同样，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器（porcelain）也传遍全球。物质文化的交流是双向的。欧洲也通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物，满足中国市场的需要。 参考译文： The world-renowned Silk Road is a series of routes connecting the East and the West. It extended more than 6,000 kilometers. The Silk Road was named after ancient China’s silk trade which played an imp ortant role in the civilization development of China, South Asia, Europe and the Middle East. It was through the Silk Road that papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing of the four great inventions of ancient China were introduced around the world. Similarly, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain spread all over the world. Europe also exported various goods and plants through the Silk Road to meet the needs of the Chinese market. 试卷二： 中国园林是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的和谐关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景观犹如山水画卷一般展现在面前。 参考译文： After 3,000 years of evolvement, Chinese gardens have become a unique landscape. This includes both large gardens built as entertainment venues for royal family, and private gardens built as secluded retreats for scholars, merchants and retired government officials. These gardens have constituted a miniature that is designed in praise of the harmony between man and nature. A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls and consists of various buildings linked by winding trails and corridors, with ponds, rockeries, trees, and flowers scattered in it. Wandering in such a
六级段落翻译练习 翻译文本: 练习一:朝气蓬勃,充满活力,丰富多彩的上海是现代中国的缩影。虽然上海的文化遗迹不能与北京媲美,但是上海迷人的城市风貌,风格各异的万国建筑为这座城市注入了无限的魅力。今日之上海,已经成为享誉中外的国际大都市。 漫步在这座日新月异的现代大都市里,你会发现许多精彩的历史亮点,隐现在众多摩天大楼背后的是上海发展变化的轨迹。它们记述了上海自十九世纪末开埠以来,尤其是新中国成立以后,是如何迅猛发展的。 练习二:近代以来,亚洲经历了曲折和艰难的发展历程。亚洲人们为改变自己的命运,始终以不屈的意志和艰辛的奋斗开辟前进道路。今天,人们所看到的亚洲发展成就,是勤劳智慧的亚洲人民不屈不挠、锲而不舍奋斗的结果。 亚洲人民深知,世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发展模式,也没有一成不变的发展道路,亚洲人民勇于变革创新,不断开拓进取,探索和开辟适应时代潮流,符合自身实际的发展道路,为经济社会发展打开了广阔前景。 翻译解析及答案参考: 练习一参考翻译及详解 Shanghai is a dynamic, diverse and stimulating city - the very epitome of modern China. Though Shanghai cannot rival Beijing in cultural heritage, its varied architectural styles and cosmopolitan feel give it a charm of its own. Today\'s Shanghai has become a world-famous international metropolis. A walk through this booming city reveals many glimpses of its colorful past. Hidden amongst the skyscrapers are remains of the original Shanghai. They keep on showing how Shanghai has been developing fast and enormously since its opening as a commercial port in the late 19th century, especially after the founding of new China. 练习二参考翻译及详解 In modern times, Asia experienced twists and turns in its development. To change their destiny, the people of Asia have been forging ahead in an indomitable spirit and with hard struggle. Asia\'s development achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts of the industrious and talented Asian people. The people of Asia are fully aware that there is no ready model or unchanging path of development that is universally applicable. They never
试题一：中秋节 中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收，这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似，过中秋节的习俗与唐代早期在中国各地开始流行，中秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日，这天夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。2006年，中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产，2008年又被定为公共假日，月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食，人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有“寿”(longevity)、“福”或“和”等字样。 Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America. The tradition of celebrating Mid-Autumn festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang dynasty. The lunar August 15 is a day for people worshiping the moon. On this day, under the dazzling bright moon, families reunite and enjoy the moon’s beauty. In 2006, Mid-Autumn festival was listed as one of China's cultural heritage, and in 2008, it was classified as a public holiday. Moon cakes, as indispensable delicious food of the festival, were gifts people sent to families and friends during the festival and usually eaten on family gatherings. There are characters of “longevity”,“good fortune”and “harmony” on the Traditional mo on cakes. 试题二：丝绸之路 闻名于世的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。丝绸之路是古代中国的丝绸贸易。丝绸之路上的贸易在中国、南亚、欧洲和发挥这重要作用。正是通过丝绸之路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷术传遍各地。同样，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器也传遍各地，欧洲也是通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物，满足中国市场的需要。 The world-renowned Silk Road is a series of routes connecting the East and the West. The Silk Road represents the ancient Chinese silk trade. The Silk Road trade played an important role in China, South Asia, Europe and Africa. It was through the Silk Road that Chinese papermaking, gunpowder, the compass and the printing press spread all over the world. Similarly, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain also spread all
2013年12月六级真题及答案 第1套 Part I Writing (30 minutes) （请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试） Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on happiness by referring to the saying“Happiness is not the absence of problems, but the ability to deal with them.”You can cite examples to illustrate your point and then explain how you can develop your ability to deal with problems and be happy. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At theend of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1 上作答。 1. A) The rock band needs more hours of practice. B) The rock band is going to play here for a month. C) Their hard work has resulted in a big success. D) He appreciates the woman?s help with the band. 2. A) Go on a diving tour in Europe. C) Travel overseas on his own. B) Add 300 dollars to his budget. D) Join a package tour to Mexico. 3. A) In case some problem should occur. C) To avoid more work later on. B) Something unexpected has happened. D) To make better preparations. 4. A) The woman asked for a free pass to try out the facilities. B) The man is going to renew his membership in a fitness center. C) The woman can give the man a discount if he joins the club now. D) The man can try out the facilities before he becomes a member. 5. A) He is not afraid of challenge. B) He is not fit to study science. C) He is worried about the test.D) He is going to drop the physics course 6. A) Pay for part of the picnic food. C) Buy something special for Gary. B) Invite Gary?s family to dinner.D) Take some food to the picnic. 7. A) Bus drivers? working conditions.C)Public transportation.
第三章翻译原则及技巧 第一节六级翻译样题介绍及评分解读 一六级翻译样题介绍 【样题】 中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节（the Lantern Festival），即从农历（lunar calendar）最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联（couplets），对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探亲访友等。 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。【参考译文】 Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese festival. In China, it is also known as the Spring Festival. New Year celebrations run from Chinese
New Year’s Eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar, to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month. Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place. However, New Year’s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner. It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck. And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good luck. Other activities include lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes, and visiting relatives and friends. 二六级翻译评分解读 本题满分为15 分，成绩分为六个档次：
2010年12月 82. There is no denying that you can not be too careful (越仔细越好) in dealing with this matter。 83. Only when I reached my thirties did I realize that reading could not be neglected (我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的) 84. Much_to the researchers' surprise (使研究人员感到惊讶)，the outcome of the experiment was far better than they had expected。 85. Oh, my, I can’t find my key; .I must have left it somewhere (我一定是把它放在哪儿了)。 86.I would rather join you to do volunteer work (宁愿加入你们去做义工)than go to the beach for a holiday。2010年6月 82. Their only son has never thought (他们的独生儿子从未想过) to leave them and strike out on his own though he is in his late twenties. 83. Before you take any action, please remember to weigh your decision against its possible consequences.（权衡你的决定会产生的后果）. 84. He assured his friend that under no circumstances would he break/breach his promise/commitment to pay back the money.（他会违背还钱的承诺）. 85. Most educators advise that kids should not be addicted to computer games. / should not indulge themselves in computer games / should not abandon themselves to computer games.（不要沉溺于电脑游戏）. 86. Business major as he is, he has never considered working as a salesman.（从未考虑过从事推销员的工作）. 2009年12月 82.How long does a jacket like this last me?-- It depends on how often you wear it (这要看你多长时间穿一次) 83.The theory he advanced has proved (to be )a challenge to many traditional concepts(对许多传统概念的一种挑战) 84.The manager could have attended the meeting in person /by himself (本可以亲自参加会议)，but he was called away from urgent business abroad. 85.Both research and practical experience have shown that a a balance diet is essential /vital to health (均衡的饮 食对健康是必不可少的) 86.Much regretted as I felt (我感到遗憾)，I was unable to finish the work on time. 2009年6月 82. With the oil prices ever rising, she tried to talk him into stopping buying a car/him out of buying a car. (说服他不买车). 83. Keeping a sense of humor helps to/is helpful to (保持幽默感有助于) reduce stress and promote creative thinking in today’s appetitive society. 84. When confronted with the evidence, he had no choice but to/had to confess his criminal behavior/the crime he had committed. (他只得坦白本身的恶行). 85. When people say, “I can feel my ears burning,” it means they think someone must be talking about them behind their back/there must be someone who is speaking ill of them. (肯定是有人在说她们的坏话). 86. She has decided to go on a diet, but finds it hard/difficult to resist the temptation of ice-cream. (很难抵抗冰淇淋的魅惑). 2008年12月 82. He designed the first suspension bridge , which made a perfect combination of beauty and function/combine beauty with function perfectly . (把美观与功效完美地联合起来). 83. It was very dark, but Mary seemed to know which way to take instinctively/by instinct (本能地懂得该走哪条路).
英语六级段落翻译常用句型 （一） 1. Sth gradually developed a style which featured…… 某物形成了以……为特色的风格。 2.Sth can be classified into several categories…… 某物可以被分为以下几类。 3.Industrious Chinese laboring people 勤劳的中国人民。 4.China has made great headway in narrowing the gap among different social classes. 中国在缩小不同社会阶层间的差距方面也在努力。 5.The core of “harmonious society” is“human-centered,” which means the improvement of people’s livelihood. 和谐社会的核心是以人为本,这就意味着要促民生。 6. We not only aspire to build China into a prosperous, strong and modern socialist country, but also into a democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious one. 我们不只是希望把中国建设为现代,繁荣和富强的社会主义国家,而且使中国成为文化先进的,民主的和和谐的国家。 7. During the long course of history, the Chinese people have, working with diligence, bravery and wisdom, created a beautiful homeland where all ethnic groups live in harmony, and developed a great and dynamic culture 在漫长的历史进程中,中国人民依靠自己的勤劳、勇敢、智慧,开创了民族和睦共处的美好家园,培育了历久弥新的优秀文化。 8. Chinese nation has made an indelible contribution to
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.doczj.com/doc/041016852.html,/ielts/xd.html（报名网址） 5) 顺序法 顺序法翻译不改变原文表达语序，不会影响对原文内容的理解。 例 1 即使在我们关掉床头灯甜甜地进入梦乡时，电仍然为我们工作：开动电冰箱，把水加热，或使室内空调机继续运转。 译文: Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep ,electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating ourwater, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. 在句子中，句子前半部分是一个让步状语从句，后半句的"开动"，"加热"，"使......运转"都是"电在为我们工作"的具体内容。因而在译文中，译者将这三个并行动作处理成了V-ing形式，补充说明working的内容。译文按照原句的语序完全传达了原文的意思，采用顺序法翻译，达到了"精确，通顺"的目的。 例2 It was a Saturday evening, when Tom was lying on the bench ofthe school listening to a blackbird and composing a lyric, that he sawthe girls running among the trees, with the red-cheeked Joe in swiftpursuit. 译文: 那是周六的傍晚，汤姆正躺在学校的长凳上，一面听画眉鸟唱歌，一面写一首抒情诗，忽然看见女孩子们在树林里奔跑，后面紧跟着那红脸的乔。 原句里一连串出现了一系列的动词如：lying, listening, composing, saw，这是按汤姆进行这些动作的先后顺序来描述的，如果在译文中打乱这些顺序，就反而会显得凌乱，没有逻辑。 6)逆序法 逆序法根据目标语使用者表达习惯与目标语读者的认知能力，按原文语序反向翻译，以便更好地传达原文的内容。 例 3 他经常做礼拜的时候，总坐在固定的座位上，可是那天他们发现他不坐在老地方。 请读者比较下面两句译文，你认为哪一句较好? 译文1:When he attended worship, he always took a certain seat, but they found that he took a different one that day.
自2013年12月考试起，全国大学英语六级考试的翻译部分将由原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英，翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等题材，文章长度为180-200个汉字。 以下是大学英语六级考试翻译部分的大纲样题： 中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节（the Lantern Festival），即从农历（lunar calendar）最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联（couplets），对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探访亲友等。 首先，这段关于中国春节的小文章难词较多，比如“传统”、“庆祝活动”、“除夕”、“延续”、“习俗”、“年夜饭”、“厄运”、“大扫除”“主题”、“放鞭炮”、“发红包”等等，这些词有的比较抽象，有的不太常见，或者有的是中国特有的说法，英文中没有明确对应的词，考生在翻译时应该抓住词的根本意思。其次，长句也较多，考生要想把它翻译准确、通顺，不仅需要单词量和单词拼写过关，还需要掌握语法，分析句子成分，学会中英文转换的技巧。如果说原来的大学英语六级考试的翻译部分需要考生掌握词和句的翻译，将信息进行简单的一对一式的传输的话，那么现在的大学英语六级考试的翻译部分则要求考生以词、句的翻译为基础，扩大到对整体段落的翻译的把握，与之前考查的句子翻译完全不同了。 第二部分：翻译技巧 为了帮助广大考生从容应对翻译题型，我们将分别从词、句的翻译角度进行分析，帮助考生掌握翻译技巧和要点。 （一）词的翻译 1.词义选择 所谓词义选择，是指词本来就有这个意思，问题是要我们将其在特定场合的正确意思选出来。正确选词是保证译文质量的重要环节，如果能做到在词语意义和字面形式上都对等当然最好，如果不能兼顾，则取意义，舍形式。越是普通的词，越是拥有繁多的释义和搭配，翻译过程中的词义也就越难以确定。选词时，要注意词义的广狭、所处的语境、词义的褒贬和感情色彩。 Eg1: 【原文】但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。 【译文】However, New Year’s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner. 【分析】“年夜饭”此处实际就是每年一度的团圆饭，为了让译文更符合英语国家的习惯，这里用的是annual reunion dinner，理解起来更容易。 Eg2: 【原文】人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联（couplets）…… 【译文】And doors will be decorated with red couplets... 【分析】原文中“粘贴”的意思其实就是用对联装饰门窗，如果直译的话表达不出真实的意图，因此这里用了“decorate”，表意更直接。 2.词类转换