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Unit 1 A land of diversity Period 1 Warming Up，Pre-reading & Reading 同步精练（人教版选修8，重庆专用）
Ⅰ.介、副词填空
1．Some of the president's advisers feared Hitler might declare war________the United States.
2．We kept________our friendship for over twenty years.
3．The old people died but the young ones lived________.
4．He succeeded________means________perseverance.
5．________the time he was ten, Tom had built a chemistry lab himself.
6．She has two cars, and________addition, a motorboat.
7．We hope the garden to keep________the weeds.
8．Millions of people die________the illnesses caused by smoking.
答案 1.on 2.up 3.on 4.by of 5.By 6.in7.down 8．from
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1. He drew a quite artificial________(差别) between men and women readers. 2．Whisky contains a large________(百分比) of alcohol.
3．Gradually she learned to make a joke of all these________(困难)．
4．The ________(部) of Transport made a searching enquiry to discover the cause of the plane crash.
5．The oil market is enjoying a ________(繁荣)．
6．The ________(种族的) discrimination issue is a political hot potato. 7．Leonardo da Vinci is a famous artist in the ________(意大利) Renaissance.
8．In the USA foreign policy is decided by the ________(联邦的) government. 9．The ________(大多数)of people seem to prefer TV to radio.
10．He was ________(选举) chairman of the education committee.
答案 1.distinction 2.percentage 3.hardships 4.Ministry 5.boom 6.racial
7.Italian8.federal9.majority 10．elected
Ⅲ.翻译与仿写
1. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen
thousand years ago.
翻译：_____________________________________________________________ 仿写：这次会议有可能会由于天气原因而被推迟。
________________________________________________________________ 2．That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.
翻译：__________________________________________________________ 仿写：那就是这些改革如此重要的原因。
__________________________________________________________________ 3．By the time California elected to become the thirty－first federal state of the USA in 1850，it was already a multicultural society.
翻译：_____________________________________________________________ 仿写：当我回到学校时，铃声已经响了。
__________________________________________________________________ 4．It was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.
翻译______________________________________________________________ 仿写：正是从太阳那里我们得到了光和热。
__________________________________________________________________ 5．It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.
翻译：____________________________________________________________ 仿写：人们相信勤奋工作就能成功。
__________________________________________________________________ 答案 1.然而，很可能至少在15 000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
It's likely that the conference will be put off because of the weather.
2．那就是为什么今天还有超过40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第
二语言的缘故。
That's why these reforms are so important.
3．到1850年加利福尼亚选择成为美国第31个联邦州的时候，它已经是一个有着多元文化的社会了。
By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung.
4．更大批量的中国移民是在19世纪60年代修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路时来的。
It is from the sun that we get light and heat.
5．人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常大，以致不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体，而是多种族、多文化的混合体。
It's believed that working hard can lead to success.
Ⅳ.语篇填词
California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest __1__. At various times, people from different countries in the world have__2__to California. It is likely that the first settlers came to California__3__a land bridge at least 15,000 years ago. In the 16th century, Europeans arrived and forced thousands of the native people into__4__. In the 18th century，California was ruled by Spain. That's why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. In 1842，the people of Mexico gained their__5__from Spanish and California became a part of Mexico. However in 1846，the United States declared__6__on Mexico and won the war, so California had to be given to the United States; In the early 1800s, Russians began setting in California. In 1848，gold was__7__in California，which attracted the people who had the dream of becoming rich. In fact, few__8__their dreams. Many died or returned home，but most remained in California to__9__for themselves. In 1850，California was__10__to become the thirty-first state of the United States.
答案 1. population 2. immigrated 3. by means of 4. slavery 5. independence 6. war7. discovered8. achieved 9. make a life10. elected
Ⅴ.单项填空
1．Three new buildings________in our city by the time you return from England.
A．will be built
B．are going to be built
C．will have been built
D．have been built
解析句中by the time引导的从句为一般现在时，则主句用将来完成时，故选C项。
答案 C
2．The post-World War II baby resulted in a 43 percent increase in the number of teenagers________in the 1960s and 1970s.
A．boost B．boom
C．production D．prosperity
解析句意：二战后的生育高峰使得20世纪60和70年代的少年数量增加了43%。boost 推进，发展；boom 也可以指经济的繁荣，侧重繁荣的时期，也可以指急剧上升增加，如出国热，兼职热，生育高峰期；production 产量；
prosperity 指经济繁荣昌盛，强调事情做得很成功。
答案 B
3. The moment the 29th Olympic Games ________ open, the whole world cheered.
A．declared B．have been declared
C．have declared D．were declared
解析句意：第29届奥运会一被公布开幕，全世界欢呼雀跃。“第29届奥运会被公布开幕”是过去的被动动作，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。
答案 D
4. Jane will have to________her piano practice a long time if she wants to be a
professional concert performer.
A．set up B．add up
C．keep up D．hold up
解析keep up“坚持；维持”，符合题意。set up建立；add up加起来；hold up 举起；阻挡。
答案 C
5．—Have you seen the film Under the Ha w thorn Tree?
—Of course, I have. It was in our village________it was made.
A．that B．where
C．when D．which
解析考查强调句型。句意：——你看过电影《山楂树之恋》吗？——当然看过了，这部电影就是在我们村拍摄的。原句为It was made in our village.该句是对地点状语进行强调，在强调句中，只有强调人时，才可以用who，否则一律用that，故选A。
答案 A
6．Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, but the________of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living.
A．maximum B．minority
C．majority D．minimum
解析考查名词辨析。句意：当然，大多数移民并没有一夜之间就发财，但是他们大多最终改善了自己的生活水平。maximum 意为“最大限量；最高点”；minority意为“少数，半数以下”；majority意为“大多数”；minimum 意为“最低限度，最低点”。故选C。
答案 C
7．We have a high regard for Prof. Joseph because he always________his principles.
A．lives on B．lives up to
C．lives through D．lives with
解析考查live相关短语的辨析。句意：我们十分尊重约瑟夫教授，因为他总是信守原则。live up to意为“遵守，实践(诺言，原则)”；live on意为“以……
为生”；live through意为“度过，经历过”；live with意为“忍受；容忍”。
故选B。
答案 B
8. An uncle of mine lived________cancer for over 20 years，and died________January
at the age of 86.
A．for；from B．on；of
C．with；in D．against；with
解析考查介词辨析。live with容忍，忍受；die in January在一月去世。
答案 C
9．It is most________that the environmentalists will come to the area to investigate the possible damage caused by the serious pollution.
A．likely B．perhaps
C．possibly D．Probably
解析句意：很有可能环境保护者会到这个地区调查严重污染所造成的潜在的破坏。句型It is likely that...中的likely为形容词，而不是副词，B、C、D三项均为副词形式，与句式不符。
答案 A
10．Many died or returned home，but most remained in California to________a life for themselves in the new towns or on farms.
A．make B．come C．bring D．lay
解析只有make a life搭配正确，而come to life；bring sb/sth to life 构成搭配，所以A项正确。
答案 A
11．To make this________clear we shall have to look closely into biology's long history.
A．distinction B．indication
C．recognition D．consideration
解析考查名词辨析。句意：为了搞清楚这一差别，我们必须认真地审视一下生物学发展的漫长历史。distinction意为“区别；差异”；indication意为“标示，迹象”；recognition意为“(正式的)承认，认知”；consideration意为“考虑”。故选A。
答案 A
12．The________of school leavers that go to university is about fifty percent.
A．degree B．percentage
C．level D．standard
解析考查名词辨析。percentage百分率；degree学位，度数；level层次，水平；standard标准。
答案 B
13．AIDS is said________the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.
A．that it is B．to be
C．that it has been D．to have been
解析考查“sb/sth＋be＋said＋不定式”结构的用法。句意：在过去的几年里，据说艾滋病是对那个地区男女健康的最大挑战。It's said that句型可转化为sb /sth be said to do/to be doing/to have done的形式，由此可排除A、C两项；根据句子中的时间状语over the past few years可知要用完成时，故答案为D。
答案 D
14．Our classmates who prefer to hold a party for him are________the majority.
A．at B．in C．on D．to
解析in the majority “占多数”，为固定搭配。
答案 B
15．Lincoln was________President in 1860, and led the United States through the nation's greatest crisis, the Civil War.
A．selected B．chosen
C．elected D．promoted
解析句意：林肯于1860年当选总统并带领美国度过了国家最大的危机——美国内战。elect“选举，当选”，符合句意。
答案 C
Ⅵ.完形填空
(A)
The telephone rang in the police station at Richmond，California，USA.“Police station？ A train for Santa Fe hit a truck at the McDonald Street Crossing.Please__1__there at once.With an ambulance，too.A man is badly__2__，”said an anxious voice of a young woman.“And you know I am the...”“Please wait！Hi！Hi！”the policeman kept on__3__though the line was cut off.Within a minute，a police car and an ambulance car started off.Before long they got to the crossing，but they__4__everything was fine.No accident，no wounded man.
“What a dirty trick！”said the policeman__5__.“We must find out that bad w oman and...” They were just talking about the__6__when they heard the whistle of a train which was nearing them quickly.All of a sudden，a truck appeared.It came__7__towards them，too.When the truck was passing the crossing，it suddenly refused to move on.Right then and there，before the eyes of all the policemen__8__，the train hit the truck heavily and struck it dozens of meters away.
When Randolph Bruce，the driver，was__9__out of the damaged truck，he was seriously wounded just as the young woman had told on the phone.As he was taken to the__10__in time，his life was saved.
Later the police did whatever they could to__11__the woman who had telephoned them.It turned out that the woman was a very excellent police officer working far in the neighboring state，who had 12__of this crime as described above. 1．A.call B．come C．go D．notice
解析由文章最后一段“It turned out that the woman was a very excellent police officer working far in the neighboring state...”这句得知报案的人不在事故现场，请求警察立刻赶到那儿，可知选C项。
答案 C
2．A.beaten B．treated
C．needed D．injured
解析根据上文“A train for Santa Fe hit a truck”得知两车相撞，又请求警察“with an ambulance”可知，有人严重受伤。
答案 D
3．A.talking B．laughing
C．crying D．shouting
解析由上文的“anxious”可知情形急促，报案者自然是说话急促从而表达不清晰，警察听不清自然大声问。本题难度在于区分cry和shout，cry强调说话
时比平时声音大，无感情色彩，而shout则强调故意抬高声调或由于情绪不佳或生气。
答案 C
4．A.realized B．found C．proved D．wondered 解析警察赶到那儿应该是“发现”而不是“意识到”或“证明”。
答案 B
5．A.nervously B．disappointedly
C．angrily D．surprisingly
解析根据“What a dirty trick！”和下文的“bad”推知警察“生气”了。
答案 C
6．A.trial B．warning C．program D．punishment 解析由上文的“trick，bad”以及警察生气很容易推出，警察因受骗，将会“惩罚”报警的人。
答案 D
7．A.passing B．turning
C．running D．rolling
解析由上文“All of a sudden，a truck appeared.”可知，卡车“running(迅速行驶)”。所以选C。
答案 C
8．A.above B．below C．alive D．present
解析“present”此处为形容词“现场的”，作后置定语。
答案 D
9．A.pushed B．helped C．let D．asked
解析由下文“he was seriously wounded”可知，司机有人帮助才能从车里出来。
答案 B
10．https://www.doczj.com/doc/0a955489.html,pany B．house C．station D．hospital 解析根据“he was seriously wounded”以及下文“his life was saved”可知，司机被送到医院。
答案 D
11．A.meet B．punish C．find D．arrest 解析由于那位女士报警，“his life was saved”，所以，警察不会“punish(惩罚)”或“arrest(逮捕)”，而是“找到”。
答案 C
12．https://www.doczj.com/doc/0a955489.html,rmation B．result
C．advice D．news
解析女士提供了第一手“信息”。
答案 A
(B)
As we get older，the fear of not having a good memory grows for many people.A lot of people__13__that the loss of memory can be the sign of Alzheimer's(早老性痴呆症)．
It is true that as we grow older we are more__14__to develop Alzheimer's.But with a proper lifestyle that includes a balanced diet and exercise，one can stay mentally__15__into their old age.
There are many causes of memory loss that have nothing to do with Alzheimer's.As researchers come__16__to understanding Alzheimer's，the outlook(前景)is__17__for people with this illness.New treatments are becoming available.With improved diagnosis，medications and treatment，one day we may be able to__18__or even reverse(反转)memory loss as we age.
Memory loss is__19__a topic of concern for people.Having Alzheimer's can lead to increased dependency on others.Not being able to manage basic daily__20__on your own or even not being able to recognize family members would be a serious hit to anyone.This is why many elderly people often have questions and concerns.
13．A.worry B．guess C．insist D．suggest
解析由下文中对记忆力减退与早老性痴呆症的关系的介绍可知，这里说的是人们的“担心”。
答案 A
14．A.eager B．nervous C．likely D．ready 解析年龄渐大的人的确“更有可能”患上早老性痴呆症。
答案 C
15．A.healthy B．honest C．brave D．kind 解析只要有健康的生活方式，人们就能保持精神“健康”。
答案 A
16．A.faster B．slower C．farther D．closer 解析研究人员越来越了解早老性痴呆症，也就是他们跟这种病走得“越来越近”。
答案 D
17．A.reducing B．ending C．improving D．waiting 解析随着科学的发展，早老性痴呆症患者的前景有了“改善”。
答案 C
18．A.make B．take C．prevent D．protect
解析有一天人类将能够“预防”或反转记忆力减退。
答案 C
19．A.also B．still C．ever D．even
解析上文提到了美好前景，下文讲述了早老性痴呆症的严重后果，这说明这种病“仍然是”人们关注的话题。
答案 B
20．A.activities B．news C．meals D．drinks 解析记忆力丧失的人不能应付日常“活动”。
答案 A
人教版新课标高中英语选修7课文原文 Unit 1 Living well-Reading MARTY’S STORY Hi, my name is Marry Fielding and I guess you could say that I am "one in a million". In other words, there are not many people like me. You see, I have a muscle disease which makes me very weak, so I can't run or climb stairs as quickly as other people. In addition, sometimes I am very clumsy and drop things or bump into furniture. Unfortunately, the doctors don't know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability. My motto is: live One day at a time. Until I was ten years old I was the same as everyone else. I used to climb trees, swim and play football. In fact, I used to dream about playing professional football and possibly representing my country in the World Cup. Then I started to get weaker and weaker, until I could only enjoy football from a bench at the stadium. In the end I went into hospital for medical tests. I stayed there for nearly three months. I think I had at least a billion tests, including one in which they cut out a piece of muscle from my leg and looked at it under a microscope. Even after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds. One problem is that I don't look any different from other people. So sometimes some children in my primary school would laugh, when I got out of breath after running a short way or had to stop and rest halfway up the stairs. Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered. Every time I returned after an absence, I felt stupid because I was behind the others. My life is a lot easier at high school because my fellow students have accepted me. The few who cannot see the real person inside my body do not make me annoyed, and I just ignore them. All in all I have a good life. I am happy to have found many things I can do, like writing and computer programming. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. Last year invented a computer football game and a big company has decided to buy it from me. I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. As well as going to the movies and football matches with my friends, I spend a lot of time with my pets. I have two rabbits, a parrot, a tank full of fish and a tortoise. To look after my pets properly takes a lot of time but I find it worthwhile. I also have to do a lot of work, especially if I have been away for a while. In many ways my disability has helped me grow stronger psychologically and become more independent. I have to work hard to live a normal life but it has been worth it. If I had a chance to say one thing to healthy children, it would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying. So don't feel sorry for the disabled or make fun of them, and don't ignore them either. Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as
人教新课标英语选修7 Unit2同步精选及答案 Unit Two Robots I．语法填空 Larry Belmont worked____1_____ a company that made robots. Recently it had begun________2______ (experiment) with a household robot. It was going to be _____3_______ (test) out by Larry’s wife, Claire. Claire didn’t want the robot in_____4_____ house, especially as her husband would be ____5____ (absence) for three weeks, _____6_____ Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed. It would be a bonus. _____7______, when she first saw the robot, she felt _____8_____(alarm). His name was Tony and he seemed____9_____ (much) like a human than a machine. He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice although his ______10_______(face) expression never changed. 1.____________ 2.____________ 3.___________ 4.___________ 5.___________ 6.____________ 7.____________ 8.___________ 9.___________ 10___________ II. 用所给词的词组适当形式填空 1. The moment he got up this morning, someone_________（ring). 2.Tony would have to be rebuilt because you cannot have women _________________(fall) machines. 3. I suggested to him that the new machines ______________(test) before going into production. 4. You shouldn’t have __________(leave)in the mountains, it w as very dangerous for her. 5. He heard a voice but when he_____________(turn), he saw nobody. 6. But for much of his working life, he has ___ （set)his enthusiasm for physics to devote himself to a career in administration. 7. Some members of the House complain that their vote ____(favour) the system could cost them their jobs in November. 8. You _________(bound) be disappointed if you hope to go to college without hard work. 9. My thought on improving the financial condition of the company ________ (similar)the boss’s.
高中化学学习材料 《有机化学基础》知识点整理 一、重要的物理性质 1. 有机物的溶解性 (1) 难溶于水：各类烃、卤代烃、硝基化合物、酯、绝大多数高聚物、高级的醇、醛、羧酸等。 (2) 易溶于水：低级[n(C)≤4]醇、(醚)、醛、(酮)、羧酸及盐、氨基酸及盐、单糖、二糖。(都能与水形成氢键)。 (3) 具有特殊溶解性的： ①乙醇是一种很好的溶剂，既能溶解许多无机物，又能溶解许多有机物，所以常用乙醇来溶解植物色素或其中 的药用成分，也常用乙醇作为反应的溶剂，使参加反应的有机物和无机物均能溶解，增大接触面积，提高反应速率。例如，在油脂的皂化反应中，加入乙醇既能溶解NaOH，又能溶解油脂，让它们在均相（同一溶剂的溶液）中充分接触，加快反应速率，提高反应限度。 ②苯酚：室温下，在水中的溶解度是9.3g（属可溶），易溶于乙醇等有机溶剂，当温度高于65℃时，能与水混溶， 冷却后分层，上层为苯酚的水溶液，下层为水的苯酚溶液，振荡后形成乳浊液。苯酚易溶于碱溶液和纯碱溶液，这是因为生成了易溶性的钠盐。 ③乙酸乙酯在饱和碳酸钠溶液中更加难溶，同时饱和碳酸钠溶液还能通过反应吸收挥发出的乙酸，溶解吸收挥发 出的乙醇，便于闻到乙酸乙酯的香味。 ④有的淀粉、蛋白质可溶于水形成胶体。蛋白质在浓轻金属盐（包括铵盐）溶液中溶解度减小，会析出（即盐析， 皂化反应中也有此操作）。但在稀轻金属盐（包括铵盐）溶液中，蛋白质的溶解度反而增大。 ⑤线型和部分支链型高聚物可溶于某些有机溶剂，而体型则难溶于有机溶剂。 ⑥氢氧化铜悬浊液可溶于多羟基化合物的溶液中，如甘油、葡萄糖溶液等，形成绛蓝色溶液。 2. 有机物的密度 (1) 小于水的密度，且与水（溶液）分层的有：各类烃、一氯代烃、酯（包括油脂） (2) 大于水的密度，且与水（溶液）分层的有：多氯代烃、溴代烃（溴苯等）、碘代烃、硝基苯 3. 有机物的状态[常温常压（1个大气压、20℃左右）] (1) 气态： ①烃类：一般N(C)≤4的各类烃注意：新戊烷[C(CH3)4]亦为气态 ②衍生物类： 一氯甲烷（CH3Cl，沸点为-24.2℃）氟里昂（CCl2F2，沸点为-29.8℃） 氯乙烯（CH2=CHCl，沸点为-13.9℃）甲醛（HCHO，沸点为-21℃） 氯乙烷（CH3CH2Cl，沸点为12.3℃）一溴甲烷（CH3Br，沸点为3.6℃） 四氟乙烯（CF2=CF2，沸点为-76.3℃）甲醚（CH3OCH3，沸点为-23℃） 甲乙醚（CH3OC2H5，沸点为10.8℃）环氧乙烷（，沸点为13.5℃） (2) 液态：一般N(C)在5～16的烃及绝大多数低级衍生物。如，
Unit 1 Living well 知识目标 1．Get students to learn the useful words and expressions in this unit. eyesight，ambition，disabled，beneficial，in other words，clumsy，adapt，microscope，out of breath，absence，stupid，fellow，annoyed，all in all，industry，tank，make fun of，encouragement，adapt to 2．Help students to learn about disabilities and life of the disabled. 能力目标 1．Let students read the passage Marty's Story to develop their reading ability. 2．Enable students to know that people with disabilities can also live well. 情感目标 1．By talking about disabilities and life of the disabled，make sure students can learn some positive stories of the disabled. 2．Help them understand more about how challenging life can be for the disabled. 3．Develop students' sense of cooperative learning.
高中英语学习材料 madeofjingetieji 人教新课标英语选修7 Unit2同步精选及答案 Unit Two Robots I．语法填空 Larry Belmont worked____1_____ a company that made robots. Recently it had begun________2______ (experiment) with a household robot. It was going to be _____3_______ (test) out by Larry’s wife, Claire. Claire didn’t want the robot in_____4_____ house, especially as her husband would be ____5____ (absence) for three weeks, _____6_____ Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed. It would be a bonus. _____7______, when she first saw the robot, she felt _____8_____(alarm). His name was Tony and he seemed____9_____ (much) like a human than a machine. He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice although his ______10_______(face) expression never changed. 1.____________ 2.____________ 3.___________ 4.___________ 5.___________ 6.____________ 7.____________ 8.___________ 9.___________ 10___________ II. 用所给词的词组适当形式填空 1. The moment he got up this morning, someone_________（ring). 2.Tony would have to be rebuilt because you cannot have women _________________(fall) machines. 3. I suggested to him that the new machines ______________(test) before going into production. 4. You shouldn’t have __________(leave)in the mountains, it w as very dangerous for her. 5. He heard a voice but when he_____________(turn), he saw nobody. 6. But for much of his working life, he has ___ （set)his enthusiasm for physics to devote himself to a career in administration. 7. Some members of the House complain that their vote ____(favour) the system could cost them their jobs in November.
表1-1 有机物的主要类别、官能团和典型代表物 类别官能团典型代表物的名称和结构简式 烷烃————甲烷CH4 乙烯CH2=CH2 烯烃 双键 炔烃—C≡C—三键乙炔CH≡CH 芳香烃———— 苯 卤代烃—X（X表示卤素原子）溴乙烷CH3CH2Br 醇—OH 羟基乙醇CH3CH2OH 酚—OH 羟基 苯酚 乙醚CH3CH2OCH2CH3醚 醚键 醛 醛基乙醛 酮 羰基丙酮 羧酸 羧基乙酸 酯 酯基乙酸乙酯 (NH4)2S +2NaOH == Na2S + 2NH3↑+ 2H2O （6）氨基酸，如甘氨酸等 H2NCH2COOH + HCl → HOOCCH2NH3Cl H2NCH2COOH + NaOH → H2NCH2COONa + H2O （7）蛋白质 蛋白质分子中的肽链的链端或支链上仍有呈酸性的—COOH和呈碱性的—NH2，故蛋白质仍能与碱和酸反应。 5．银镜反应的有机物 （1）发生银镜反应的有机物： 含有—CHO的物质：醛、甲酸、甲酸盐、甲酸酯、还原性糖（葡萄糖、麦芽糖等）（2）银氨溶液[Ag(NH3)2OH]（多伦试剂）的配制： 向一定量2%的AgNO3溶液中逐滴加入2%的稀氨水至刚刚产生的沉淀恰好完全溶解消失。
（3）反应条件：碱性、水浴加热 ．．．．．．． 若在酸性条件下，则有Ag(NH3)2+ + OH- + 3H+ == Ag+ + 2NH4+ + H2O而被破坏。（4）实验现象：①反应液由澄清变成灰黑色浑浊；②试管内壁有银白色金属析出 （5）有关反应方程式：AgNO3 + NH3·H2O == AgOH↓ + NH4NO3 AgOH + 2NH3·H2O == Ag(NH3)2OH + 2H2O 银镜反应的一般通式： RCHO + 2Ag(NH3)2OH 2 A g↓+ RCOONH4 + 3NH3 + H2O 【记忆诀窍】：1—水（盐）、2—银、3—氨 甲醛（相当于两个醛基）：HCHO + 4Ag(NH3)2OH4Ag↓+ (NH4)2CO3 + 6NH3 + 2H2O 乙二醛：OHC-CHO + 4Ag(NH3)2OH4Ag↓+ (NH4)2C2O4+ 6NH3+ 2H2O 甲酸：HCOOH + 2 Ag(NH3)2OH 2 A g↓+ (NH4)2CO3+ 2NH3+ H2O 葡萄糖：（过量） CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO +2Ag(NH3)2OH2A g↓+CH2OH(CHOH)4COONH4+3NH3+ H2O （6）定量关系：—CHO～2Ag(NH)2OH～2 Ag HCHO～4Ag(NH)2OH～4 Ag 6．与新制Cu(OH)2悬浊液（斐林试剂）的反应 （1）有机物：羧酸（中和）、甲酸（先中和，但NaOH仍过量，后氧化）、醛、还原性糖（葡萄糖、麦芽糖）、甘油等多羟基化合物。 （2）斐林试剂的配制：向一定量10%的NaOH溶液中，滴加几滴2%的CuSO4溶液，得到 蓝色絮状悬浊液（即斐林试剂）。 （3）反应条件：碱过量、加热煮沸 ．．．．．．．． （4）实验现象： ①若有机物只有官能团醛基（—CHO），则滴入新制的氢氧化铜悬浊液中，常温时无 变化，加热煮沸后有（砖）红色沉淀生成； ②若有机物为多羟基醛（如葡萄糖），则滴入新制的氢氧化铜悬浊液中，常温时溶解 变成绛蓝色溶液，加热煮沸后有（砖）红色沉淀生成； （5）有关反应方程式：2NaOH + CuSO4 == Cu(OH)2↓+ Na2SO4 RCHO + 2Cu(OH)2RCOOH + Cu2O↓+ 2H2O HCHO + 4Cu(OH)2CO2 + 2Cu2O↓+ 5H2O OHC-CHO + 4Cu(OH)2HOOC-COOH + 2Cu2O↓+ 4H2O HCOOH + 2Cu(OH)2CO2 + Cu2O↓+ 3H2O CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO + 2Cu(OH)2CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH + Cu2O↓+ 2H2O （6）定量关系：—COOH～? Cu(OH)2～? Cu2+（酸使不溶性的碱溶解） —CHO～2Cu(OH)2～Cu2O HCHO～4Cu(OH)2～2Cu2O 7．能发生水解反应的有机物是：卤代烃、酯、糖类（单糖除外）、肽类（包括蛋白质）。 HX + NaOH == NaX + H2O
选修七 Unit1 1.profit n．收益；利润；盈利→ profitable adj. 有益的；有利可图的 https://www.doczj.com/doc/0a955489.html,panion n．同伴；伙伴→ company n. 公司；商号；陪伴；同伴 3.adapt vt.使适应；改编→adaptation n．[U，C]适应；改编；改编的作品 4.absence n．[C，U]缺席；[U]缺乏→absent adj.缺席的；缺乏的→(present adj.出席的；在场的 5.access n．[U](接近的)方法；通路；可接近性(熟词生义) vt.进入；使用→accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的 6.annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼→annoyed adj.颇为生气的→annoying adj.使人烦恼的→annoyance n．[U]恼火 7.congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺→congratulation n．[C]祝贺；贺词 8.beneficial adj.有益的；受益的→benefit n．& v.利益；好处；使受益 9.approval n．[U，C]赞成；认可→approve v.支持；赞成；同意→(disapprove v.不赞成→approving adj.赞许的 10.encouragement n．[U，C]鼓励；奖励→encourage v.鼓励；鼓舞→encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的 →encouraged adj.受到鼓舞的→courage n．[U]勇气；胆量 11.disability n．[U，C]伤残；无力；无能→disable vt.使残废；使失去能力→disabled adj.伤残的 12.ambition n．[U，C]雄心；野心→ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的 13.noisy adj.吵闹的；喧闹的→noisily ad v.吵闹地→noise n．[U，C]噪音 14.resign vi.& vt.辞职；辞去 15.conduct n．[U]行为；品行vt.指挥；管理；主持→ conductive adj. 传导性的；有传导力的→ conduction n.传导；输送 16.entry n.项目；进入；入口→ entrance n. 入口；进入；登场→ enter v.进入 17.abolish vt.废除；废止→ abolition n.废除；废止 18.resign vi. & vt.辞职；辞去（工作；职位等）→ resignation n.辞职；辞呈 19.slavery n.奴隶制→slave n.奴隶 20.assistance n.协助；援助→ assist vt. 帮助；协助→ assistant n.助手，助理 21.architect n. 建筑师→ architecture n. 建筑学 22.adequate adj.足够的；充分的→ adequately adv.足够地；充分地→ adequacy n. 足够；适当 23.handy adj.方便的；有用的→hand n.手；协助；手艺v. 给；传 24.basement n.地下室→base n. 底部；基地；基础；基数；vt. 以... 作基础
高中英语学习材料 ***鼎尚图文理制作*** 2016秋英语人教版选修7U3同步综合训练及答案 选修7 Unit Three Under the sea 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Last year，my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said 1 was a wonderful holiday destination.Before we went，we had planned for months.When the day came，we were ready. After our plane landed，we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months 2 (early)，but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.We 3 (tell)that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week， 4 for the week after.I didn't understand 5 this would happen and my credit card had already been charged 6 the reservation.What's worse，the hotel had been fully booked.When we were wondering what to do，the manager came out.She was 7 (surprise)helpful.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on 8 top floor.We had never stayed in such an amazing room，and we weren't charged extra. The next day，my brother and I went to the beach 9 we watched some people play volleyball.We got a little 10 (sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind. 二、完形填空 Every Saturday night my family and I go out and feed the homeless people in the city of Orlando. We wanted to see__1__ it was like in the life of a homeless person. One special thing I like to__2__ is that my family and I do not eat before we begin our journey so we know how，it feels to be__3__. We all get together in the__4__ and prepare the food .Some of the meals are sandwiches and cookies and a bottle of water. Sometimes my mom __5__ a steaming hot delicious meal. We then__6__ them all up to feed 30 or more people. Before my family and I get into the car we ask God for protection in a family__7__.A lot of
选修7 英语单词 Unit 1 a mbition 野心ambitious 有野心的adapt 使适应 adapt to 适合absence 缺席 annoy 使…不悦annoyed 颇为生气的annoyance 烦恼 all in all 总而言之 as well as 和assistance 协助 abolish 废止 abolition 废止 all the best 一切顺利architect 建筑师adequate 充分的access 方法accessible 可接近的approval 认可 b ump 撞击 bench 长凳 beneficial 有益的bowling 保龄球basement 地下室 c lumsy 笨拙的 cut out 切去 conduct 行为certificate 证书community 社会companion 伙伴congratulate 祝贺congratulation 祝贺 d ictation 听写disability 伤残 disabled 伤残的 dignity 尊严 e xit 出口 entry 入口 eyesight 视力earphone 耳机encouragement 奖励 f ellow 同类的 firm 公司 fulfilling 令人满意的 g raduation 毕业 h earing 听力 handy 有用的 i mpair 削弱 italics 斜体 in other words 换句话说in many ways 在很多方面l ap跑道的一圈 literature 文献 m eet with 遇到microscope 显微镜 make fun of 取笑mainstream 主流 n oisy 吵闹的 never mind 不必担心 o utgoing 外向的outwards 向外 out of breath 上气不接下气p arrot 鹦鹉 politics 政治学 profit 收益 psychology 心理学psychologically 心理学地r ow 一行 resign 辞去 s lavery 奴隶制syndrome 综合症状suitable 适合的 software 软件 sit around 闲坐着 t ank 大容器 tortoise陆龟 w heelchair 轮椅
高中化学选修五第一章知识点（附练习）一、有机化合物和无机化合物的区别 性质和反应有机物无机物溶解性多数不溶于水，个别特殊除外（如乙醇、 乙酸） 部分溶于水而不溶于有机溶剂 耐热性多数不耐热，熔点低，一般在400℃以 下 多数耐热，难熔化，熔点一般较高可燃性多数可燃烧，个别除外（如CCl4）多数不可燃烧 电离性多数是非电解质，个别除外（如有机酸）多数是电解质（如酸、碱、盐、活泼金 属氧化物、水） 化学反应一般比较复杂，多副反应，反应速率较 慢一般比较简单，副反应少，反应速率较 快 二、有机化合物的分类 有机化合物按照组成元素可分为烃和烃的衍生物。 有机化合物从结构上有两种分类方法：按碳的骨架分类和按官能团分类。 1、按碳的骨架分类 链状化合物：如CH3CH2CH2CH3 有机化合物脂环化合物：如 环状化合物 芳香化合物：如 2、按官能团分类 官能团的概念：决定化合物特殊性质的原子或原子团。 官能团和根、基的区别：基是有机物中去掉某些原子或原子团后剩下的原子或原子团，呈电中性，不稳定且不能独立存在，显然官能团属于基的一种；根是电解质电离后的原子或原子团，带电荷，稳定可独立存在于溶液或熔化状态。基和根可相互转化，如-OH和OH-。 具体分类情况见表. 脂肪烃
注意：羟基与苯环上的碳原子相连的化合物为酚，羟基与非苯环上的碳原子相连的化合物为醇！ 练习： 1、迄今为止，以下各族元素中生成化合物的种类最多的是（ C ） A.II A 族 B.III A 族 C.IV A 族 D.V A 族 2、下面的原子或原子团不属于官能团的是（A ） A.Cl - B.-COOH C.-OH D.-CO- 3、下列物质中属于酚类的是（ D ） A.CH 3CH 2CH 2OH B.CH 3CH(OH)CH 3 C. D.
马蒂的故事 你好。我叫马蒂．菲尔丁。我想你可能会说我是“百万人中才有一个”的那种人。换句话说，世界上像我这样的人并不多见。你瞧，我的肌肉有毛病，使我的身体非常虚弱，所以我不能像别人那样快跑或快步爬楼梯。再说，有时候我还会笨手笨脚、不小心摔掉东西，或磕碰到家具上。不幸的是，大夫们不知道如何治好我的病，但是我很开朗乐观，学会了适应身体的残疾。我的座右铭是：活一天算一天。 十岁以前，我跟其他人是一样的。我常常爬树、游泳、踢足球。说实在的，我过去常常梦想我会成为职业球员，代表我们的国家参加世界杯足球赛。后来，我的身体开始变得越来越虚弱，以至于只能坐在体育场的长凳上欣赏足球了。最后我到医院去做了检查，几乎住了三个月的医院。我想我至少做过十亿次检查了，包括有一次检查，他们从我的腿部切下一小块儿肌肉，放在显微镜下观察。即使做过了所有这些检查，也没有人能够确诊这个病。因此，很难知道将来会是个什么样子。 问题是我看上去跟平常人一样。因此，当我跑了很短的一段路之后，我就会喘不过气来，或者爬楼梯才爬到一半就得停下来休息。因此，上小学时有的孩子见了我这种情况就会笑话我。有时候我的身体太虚弱，上不了学，因此落了许多功课。每次缺课之后，我就觉得自己很笨，因为我比别人落后了。 我在中学时期的生活(比在小学时)要轻松多了，因为我的同学开始接受了我的状况。还有些同学看不到我的内心世界，但是我并不生气，只是不去理会他们罢了。总而言之，我生活得挺好。我很高兴我能做许多事情，比如写作和电脑编程。我有雄心壮志，长大后我要在开发电脑软件的公司里工作。去年我发明了一个电脑足球游戏，有一家大公司已经决定从我这儿买走。我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。除了同我的朋友一起去看电影和足球比赛，我还花很多时间和我的宠物在一起。我有两只兔子、一只鹦鹉、一缸金鱼和一只乌龟。我得花大量时间来照顾这些宠物，但我觉得很值。此外，我还有好多功课，特别是在病了一段时间之后。 在许多方面，我身体的残疾倒使我心理上变得更加坚强、更加独立。我必须努力工作才能过上正常的生活，但这是值得的。假如我有机会跟健康孩子讲一句话，那么，这句话就是：身体残疾并不意味着生活不美满。因此，不要感到残疾人可怜，或者取笑他们，也别不理睬他们。要接受他们，给他们以鼓励，让他们能像你一样过得丰富多彩、充实美满。 谢谢你们读我的故事。．马蒂 致建筑师的一封信桑达斯女士 爱丽斯。梅杰 总建筑师剑桥街64号 影院设计公司班克斯敦 希尔街44号 班克斯敦 20(0年9月2,4日 亲爱的桑达斯女士： 今天我从报上了解到，您将成为班克斯敦新影院的建筑设计师。我希望您不介意我写信询问您是否已考虑到残疾顾客的需要。尤其是以下几点不知您是否考虑到了： 1．为乘坐轮椅的人进入电影院提供充分的便利。影院内的各个部分都安装电梯就会很方便。电梯的按钮应当让乘坐轮椅的人容易够到，电梯门应足够宽。在有些电影院里，(残疾人专用)电梯设在影院背后阴冷而不显眼的地方。由于残疾人必须要使用这些电梯，这就使残疾人感到比别的观众低一等。 2．给听力有障碍的人提供耳机。所有座位的旁边都装有耳机，而不是少数几个座位，那会有帮助。这样可以使那些听力有缺陷的观众和那些听力正常的朋友坐在一起欣赏，而不是让前者坐在一个特定的区域。
人教版高中英语必修7内容全解 话题素材——好好生活 好词 1.sympathy n. 同情 2.overcome vt. 克服 3.determination n. 决心 4.optimistic adj. 乐观的 5.progress n. 进步 6.be confident of sth. 对某事有信心 7.work together 共事；共同努力8.be active in 积极从事于 9.dream of/about 梦想…… 10.be sorry for 为……感到难过/愧疚 11.make it a rule to do sth. 做某事成为规定 12.be skilled in/at sth. 在……方面熟练 13.be available 可以利用的；有空的；可获得的 14.be in the lead 领先
15.live/lead a．..life 过……的生活 佳句 1.It_is_also_a_virtue_to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society. 原谅和宽恕也是一种美德，尤其是在这样充满竞争和压力的社会。 2.In the past decades, advances in medical technology have made_it_possible_for_people_to_live longer than in the past. 在过去的几十年，医疗技术的进步已经使人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。 3.In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as_important_as life itself. 事实上，我们必须承认，生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。 [精美语篇] Wang Hong is my classmate. She is a lovely girl. But at the age of ten，she became disabled in a big fire，which made her left eye blind and right arm lost. She didn't give up anything in spite of her disability. Not only has she learned to take care of herself，but also she encourages other disabled people to face life bravely and lead an active life. Wang Hong learns hard and takes the head in our class. And we are all inspired by her. We hope other people don't look down upon the disabled. What healthy people should do is do what we can to help them，such as making public equipment more convenient for them to use. 高频单词 1．disability (n.) 伤残；无力；无能→disabled (adj.) 伤残的 2．adapt (vt.) 使适应；改编→adaptation (n.) 适应；改编；改写本
重点高中化学选修五知识点全汇总
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备战高中：梳理选修五知识点 结构相似，在分子组成上相差一个或若干个CH2原子团的物质物质。 同系物的判断要点： 1、通式相同，但通式相同不一定是同系物。 2、组成元素种类必须相同 3、结构相似指具有相似的原子连接方式，相同的官能团类别和数目。结构相似不一定完全相同，如CH3CH2CH3和(CH3)4C，前者无支链，后者有支链仍为同系物。 4、在分子组成上必须相差一个或几个CH2原子团，但通式相同组成上相差一个或几个CH2原子团不一定是同系物，如CH3CH2Br和 CH3CH2CH2Cl都是卤代烃，且组成相差一个CH2原子团，但不是同系物。（马上点标题下蓝字"高中化学"关注可获取更多学习方法、干货！） 5、同分异构体之间不是同系物。 二、同分异构体 化合物具有相同的分子式，但具有不同结构的现象叫做同分异构现象。具有同分异构现象的化合物互称同分异构体。 1、同分异构体的种类：
⑴碳链异构：指碳原子之间连接成不同的链状或环状结构而造成的异构。如C5H12有三种同分异构体，即正戊烷、异戊烷和新戊烷。 ⑵位置异构：指官能团或取代基在在碳链上的位置不同而造成的异构。如1—丁烯与2—丁烯、1—丙醇与2—丙醇、邻二甲苯与间二甲苯及对二甲苯。 ⑶异类异构：指官能团不同而造成的异构，也叫官能团异构。如1—丁炔与1，3—丁二烯、丙烯与环丙烷、乙醇与甲醚、丙醛与丙酮、乙酸与甲酸甲酯、葡萄糖与果糖、蔗糖与麦芽糖等。 ⑷其他异构方式：如顺反异构、对映异构（也叫做镜像异构或手性异构）等，在中学阶段的信息题中屡有涉及。 各类有机物异构体情况：