定语从句讲解及练习
一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
2) You must do everything that I do.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why
关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用
who 或whom. 例：Is there anyone here who will go with you?
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)
4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)
具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1,只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如：All that he said is true.
(2)先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如：He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.
(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：He was the second (person) that told me the secret.
(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：He talked about the people and the things he remembered.
2,只用which不用that的情况：
(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：The boy,who is good at soccer,comes from Xinjiang.
That necklace,which you gave me as a present,was lost yesterday.
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退
休了，他曾经是我的老师。（非限)
There is somebody here who wants to speak to you这里有人要和你说话(限制性) (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：
He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
(5) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：This is the house where we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city
8. "介词＋关系代词"是一个普遍使用的结构。
(1) "介词＋关系代词"可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。"介词＋关系代词"结构中的介词可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或which, 不可用that 。
例:Is that the house in which you live ?
关系代词whom，which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom 与which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. 像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
热身练习
请分析一下定语从句：( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)
1.Check the ways you study for an English test.
2.Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.
3.You couldn’t understand people who talked fast.
4.I have some ideas that may help.
5.They said something you didn’t like.
6.My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.
二、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、whom 、whose
1.This is the man ________ wants to see you.
2.The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.
3.The man __________ you went to see has come.
4.The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money.
5.The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher.
6.The runner ________________ you are asking about is over there.
7.Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday.
8.These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.
9.This is shirt _______________I bought yesterday.
10. A dictionary is a book _____________ gives the meaning to the word.
11.Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.
12.The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English.
三、单项选择
( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. whose ( ) 2. The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday.
A. in which
B. in that this
C. all that
D. in everything
( ) 3. He was the only person in his office______ was invited.
A. whom
B. whose
C. that
D. which
( ) 4. This is the museum______ we visited last year.
A. where
B. in which
C. which
D. in that
( ) 5. Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. who
( ) 6. Do you know the student_____?
A. whom I often talk
B. with who I often talk
C. I often talk with
D. that I often talk
( ) 7. I like the house_____ windows face south.
A. whose
B. who’s
C. it's
D. its
( )8. The young woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor.
A. who
B. to whom
C. whom
D. that
定语从句中关系副词的用法
定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下：
表时间的名词+ when + 定语从句
when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
I’ll never forget the day when I joined the army.
表地点的名词+ where + 定语从句
where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。)
例句：That is the reason why I did the job.(在现代英语中why可以省略)
上句也可以这样表示：
That is the reason I did the job.
又如：This was the reason (why )we raised the temperature.
关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视：
1）“when”、“where”和“why”的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分，比较下面的几组句子：
*I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore.
*I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School. **This is the hospital where my mother works.
**This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday.
***The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill.
***This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office .
2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词+ which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如：
Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on which=when) This is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where)
Do you know the reason for which he refused to go to Mary’s birthday party. (for which=why)
有时定语从句中介词短语和动词有意义紧密的修饰关系，尤其在非限制性定语从句中，常使用“介词+ which”结构，而不使用关系副词。例如：
My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river.
At night the soldiers got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a farmhouse.
3) 关系副词“when”、“where”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。
例如：I will always remember the day when I first visited the Great Wall.
He came to Shanghai in 1980, when he was only 12.
I don’t know the exact spot where they will meet.
Mr Wang will fly to Beijing, where he will stay for three months.
有时关系副词“when”、“where”引导的限制性定语从句和先行词有间隔的现象，是为了平衡句子的语法需要。
Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?
The days are gone forever when the Chinese people used “foreign oil.”.
4) “that”可活用为关系副词，相当于“when, where、why”和“介词+ which”结构，尤其在“the time when”等结构中的“when”常被“that”代替，而且“that”往往省略。
I may leave here any time I want to.
During the time I was there I visited him twice.
This is my second time I have come to your country.
5) “which”有时可用作关系形容词，这是“which”在非限制性定语从句中的特殊使用，如：
The doctor advised him to give up smoking, which advice he did not follow.
定语从句专项练习
1．This is the place_____ John was born?
A．which B．where C. when D．that
2.He is the only person ____ I want to talk to.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. whose
3．Is this problem _____the teacher explained last week?
A．the one B．that C．which D．one
4．The high building _____ stand four policemen is the police station．
A．which B．that C．in front of it D. in front of which
5．My mother will give Mary a model plane_____ she will like to play．
A．which B．that C．for which D．with which
6．The film brought the hours back to me_____ I was taken good care of in that far away village.
A．until B．that C when D．where
7．There are times_____ I wonder why I do this job．
A．as B．while C．which D．when
8．After living in London for thirty years，Mr Smith returned to the small town_____ he grew up as a child．which B．where C that D．when
9．They had a long talk about the persons and things_____ they both knew．A．whom B．what C. that D．which
10．That is the very book______ I am looking for.
A．that B．which C．what D．as
11．Who is the scientist_____ is going to give us a talk on space this Sunday? A．that B．who C. which D．whom
12．The days_____ we spent in Tokyo together will never be forgotten.
A. when B．which C．who D．on which
13．A pen friend of mine______ I often receive letters asked me for some Chinese coins.
A．who B．whom C．to who D．from whom
14．Perhaps this is the only shop_____ you can get such cheap goods.
A. that B．of which C．by which D．where
15．I can still remember the place_____my brother and I used to sit in the evening. A．which B．what C .that D．where
16. The first thing ____ we should do is to water the flowers in front of the room..
A. which
B. as
C. what
D. that
17．That is the hotel ____ we stayed last year.
A. in that
B. in which
C. why
D. at which
18. This is the reason ____ we made Mr Li headmaster of our school.
A. where
B. when
C. before
D. why
19. The student who does well in his lesson is the monitor ___ is very modest and studies hard.
A. who
B. that
C. as
D. which
关系代词练习题 1. This is the book _______ cover is blue. 2. Do you know the girl ______ father died in Iraq 3. The woman _________ we talked about is my sister 4. He told everything ______ he had seen in the traffic accident 5. This was the best model of the TV set ______ the factory produced last year. 6. The first thing _______I am going to do this evening is to write a report about the experiment. 7. It was heard in Beijing, ______ is one hundred kilometers away. 8. This was a film _______ Spielberg used real actors instead of toys. 9. I don’t like the girl _______ you are talking about. - 10. This is the house _______ we have just painted. 11. The rulers ______ are made of plastic are usually colorful. 12. He is the student_______ mother is a very famous singer. 13. Just then I caught sight of a violin ______ was hanging on the wall. 14. With him was a young fellow ______ appearance told of many days in hiding. 15. School is a place ________ children are educated. 16. People _______ agree with system say that it gives parents a larger choice of schools. 17. It is not a rule _______ everybody chooses to follow. 18. Teachers ______ are not good-looking might also have their personal charm. 19. We should have the ability to be tolerant of the weakness of human beings ______ may lead people to make mistakes
定语从句中关系副词的用法 关系副词，顾名思义，是联系先行词和定语从句的词，属于副词。定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下： 表时间的名词 + when + 定语从句 time,day,hour,year when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. I’ll never forget the day when I joined the army. 表地点的名词 + where + 定语从句 place,room,house where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。) 例句：That is the reason why I did the job.(在现代英语中why可以省略) 上句也可以这样表示： That is the reason I did the job. 又如： This was the reason (why )we raised the temperature. 关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视： 1）当先行词是时间，地点，原因时，并不是一定对应使用when，where，why The factory ________ I visited is not far from here. 诀窍：1.先找定语从句：____I visited, 2.假设可填入which，which I visited, which指代factory 3.看定语从句是否完整；I visited the factory。 很完整，which正确，或that The factory ________ I work is not far from here. 1. ___I work 2. which I work,,,,which指代factory 3.看定语从句是否完整I work the factory. I work in the factory，可见缺少in 4.因此应该是in which I work=where I work *I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore. *I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School. **This is the hospital where my mother works. **This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday. ***The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill. ***This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office . 2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词 + which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如： Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on which=when) This is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where)
定语从句三 (关系副词的用法) 一．关系副词引导的定语从句 1. when指______，在定语从句中做________。 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came. 2. where指_______，在定语从句中做_________。 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 3. why指_______，在定语从句中做________。 、 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词＋关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. (3) Great changes have taken place in the city where/in which I was born. 二．关系代词和关系副词的区别 1. 取决于从句中的谓语动词。 不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系副词或介词+关系代词； 及物动词后接宾语，就要求用关系代词。 ~ 2. 要看他们在从句中充当什么成分而定，即先行词在从句中是作主语、宾语还是作状语而定。 (1) This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. (2) I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you. (3) I’ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 【专项练习3】 用关系代词、关系副词或介词+关系代词填空 1. I’ll never forget the days __________ we spent together in Paris. 2. I’ll remember the days __________ we stayed together in Paris. 3. This is the factory ____________ we visited last year. ) 4. This is the farm ____________ Lincoln once worked 5. The reason ___________ he missed the speech is that he forgot the time.
“介词+关系词”的用法 1、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which 或whom。 如：The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. →The school in which he once studied is very famous. Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. →Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. →We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 2、关系副词when, where, why 和介词+which之间的关系。 关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。如：when=in/on/at…+which, where=in/on/at…+which, why=for+which 如：I won’t forget the date when( on which) I was born. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in. I don’t know the reason why (for which) he hasn’t come today. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin. 注意： 1). 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等 如：This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (√)This is the watch for which I am looking. (F) 2). 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose 如：The man with whom you talked is my friend. (√)The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (√) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F) 3).“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词如：He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 4). 把握“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选用 介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。
先观察下面各句，尝试总结一下红色部分的用法。 Do you remember the days when / in which I stayed with you in the USA? 你还记得我和你在美国共度的那些日子吗？ 2) The factory where / in which he worked for twenty years is closing down. 他效力了20年的那个工厂倒闭了。 3) The reason why / for which he was late for school was that he didn’t catch the bus. 他之所以迟到，原因是没赶上公交车。 4) I have read the book in which you are interested. 我读了那本你感兴趣的书。 5) The man with whom I talked just now comes from Japan. 刚刚和我交谈的那个男人来自日本。 6) This is the book which she is looking for. 这就是她正在找的那本书。 小结归纳 ●when 通常放在表示时间的名词后引导定语从句，如句1）； ●where放在表示地点的名词后引导定语从句，如句2）； ●why经常放在reason的后面来引导定语从句，如句3）； ★当引导定语从句时，关系副词一般可以转化为“介词+ 关系代词”，即： when / where 可转化为on / in / at等+ which， why可转化为for which（在口语中可用that或省略），这也是定语从句中的一种常见现象。 ★需要特别注意的是此时介词后的关系代词不能用that，如句1）、2）、3） ★另外，指代先行词的关系代词which, whom在从句中作介词宾语时，可以把“介词+ 关系代词(which / whom)”一起放在先行词和从句之间，如句4）、5）；★但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面，如句6）。 **★关系代词that和which在定语从句中充当主语或宾语 ★关系副词when/ where/ why分别在定语从句中充当时间状语，地点状语和原因状语。例如： This is the house where/ in which we once lived. 这是我们曾经住过的房子 （Where相当于in the house 做地点状语） This is the house which/ that they built last year. 这是他们去年建的房子 （which/ that 指代house 做built 的宾语） I’ll never forget the days when/on which we stayed in Beijing. 我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京的日子 （When相当于on the days 做时间状语，on the days “在这些日子”） I’ll never forget the days which we spent in Beijing.我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京的日子（Which指代the days 做spent的宾语） That is the reason why/ for which she told a lie. 那就是她为什么撒谎的原因。 （Why相当于for the reason 做原因状语 That is the reason which was told by the boy. 那就是那个男孩说的原因。 （Which 指代the reason 做主语） 注意：★确立关系代词which/that或关系副词when/where/why的方法： 看定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语，如果缺少用which/ that； 如果不缺主语或宾语用when/where/ why.
定语从句I 关系代词 定义：在复合句中修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。 基本构成：先行词+关系间+定语从句。 先行词：它所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。 关系词：连接先行同和定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。 分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。 引导定语从句的关系词有两类：关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose等，关系副词有when, where, why等。 一、关系代词的用法 1.who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。 Here comes the girl who wants to see you. 想见你的那个女孩过来了。(作主语) Danny was a man who we rescued from the ruins. 丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。(作宾语) 2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。 Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about. 罗丝是你应该关心的人。(作宾语) 3.whose可修饰人，也可修饰物，表"所属"关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。 I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake. 我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。(作定语) 4.which指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。 5.that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。 习惯上指人多用who, whom，指物多用which. The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语) The suitcase that lies on the ground is hers. 地上放的那个手提箱是她的。(that指物，作主语)
Unit 2 Growing Pains 定语从句（2）--- 定语从句中关系副词的用法 Learning Content : Learn Attributive Clauses --- Relative adverbs: where, when, why Learning Aims: Learn how to use relative adverbs in attributive clauses Learning difficult and important points : The difference between relative adverbs and relative pronouns Period ：One 自主学习过程 关系副词是联系先行词和定语从句的词。定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where 和why ，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下： 1. 表时间的名词+ when + 定语从句，when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. I ' nllever forget the day when I joined the army. 2. 表地点的名词+ where + 定语从句，where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 3. 表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句（why 只用于reason 之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。） 例句：That is the reason why I did the job.（在现代英语中why 可以省略）上句也可以这样表示：That is the reason I did the job. 关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视： 1）“when” “where和“why的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分，比较下面的几组句子： *I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore. *I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School. **This is the hospital ________ my mother works. **This is the hospital ________ we visited the day before yesterday. 知识小结（判断定语从句引导词的方法） 方法一：不及物动词则要求用关系副词when, where, why, 从句中的谓语为及物动词且后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词； 方法二： 先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）; 先行词在从句中做状语时选择关系副词（ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语） 2）“ when” “ where和“ why都可以替换成介词+ which，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中 的动词。例如： Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?（on which=when） This is the room in which we lived last year.（in which=where）
定语从句中关系代词的用法 在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词(定语从句所修饰的词)之后。定语从句由关系词来引导，关系词有关系代词和关系副词之分。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有when，where，why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：1)引导定语从句；2)代替先行词；3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。如：The car which my unele had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake．句中which my uncle had just bought 是定语从句，修饰先行词the car；which是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the car，在定语从句中作宾语。 表一：关系代词的用法 表二：用which不用that的情况
表三：只用that不用which的情况(先行词是物) 表四：关于as引导的定语从句 2．有时候当先行词是表示时间、地点的词时，却不用when／where而用that／which引导。这时要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。如果是及物的就可用that(which)，否则可用where。 例如：I will remember the days that／which we spent together． 我会永远记住我们一起度过的日子。
This is the factory that／which you visited yesterday． 这就足你昨天参观的工厂。 3．way作先行词时，关系代词的使用： I don’t like the way(that／in which)he treats his parents． 我不喜欢他对待父母的方式。 4. that引导定语从句与名词性从句的不同： The news that he told us is true．(定语从句) 他告诉我们的新闻是真的。 The news that our team has won is encouraging．(同位语从句) 我们队胜利的消息真令人振奋。 That he has won the first prize surprised everybody．(主语从句) 他获得一等奖的消息令每一个人都惊奇了。 My idea is that you shut the factory．(表语从句) 我的观点就是你应该关闭这家工厂。 He said that he was going to leave．(宾语从句) 他说他打算离开这里。
英语语法：定语从句六个关系代词 关系代词有六个，听我逐一来说破； 六个关系代词是：that/which/ who/ whom/ whose/ as ，注意关系代词在定语从句中做主宾表定语。 which表物人用who,人物都有that顾； 先行词是物，关系代词用which，也能够用that;先行词是人，关系代词用who,也能够用that;先行词中既有人，又有物，关系代词只能用that。 例句 1) This is the mountain village (which/ that ) I visited last year. 这就是我去年参观的那个山村。 解析：先行词mountain village是物，可用which或that, 因为定语从句中visit后缺宾语，说明which或that应该在定从中做宾语，所以还能够省略。 例句 2）The man(that/whom / who ) you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚见到的那个人是我的朋友。 解析：先行词man表人，关系词能够用who/that/whom，因为定语从句中缺宾语，关系代词应该在定语从句中做宾语，所以能够省略；另外，whom是专门用来做宾语用的，而who则仅仅在口语中才用。 例句 3）This magazine belongs to the teacher who(that) teaches us history. 这本杂志是我们历史老师的。
解析：先行词teacher是人，关系代词用who或that, 因为在定语从句中做主语，所以不能省略。 例句 4）He talked about the teachers and schools (that) he had visited. 他谈到了他所见到的老师和学校。 解析：先行词 the teachers and schools 中既有人又有物，关系代 词只能用 that, 又因为that在定语从句中做宾语，所以又能够省略。 which用在逗号后，意表前句你要know; 这是which用在非限制性定语从句中的一个用法。 例句1）He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 解析：which是关系代词，指代前面的一句话：他似乎没抓住我的意思。 例句2）Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 解析：which是关系代词，指代前面的一句话：液态水变为蒸汽。 who做主语很称职，whom用到宾语里； 先行词是表示人的词，定语从句中如果缺主语，要用who做关系代词，如果缺宾语，正规场合下用whom, 口语中也能够用who。 例句 1）He is the boy who often goes to school late. 他就是那个经常上学迟到的男生。
定语从句之关系副词 引导定语从句的关系副词有when，where，why 等。它们和关系代词一样放在先行词的后面起引导作用，同时在定语从句中分别充当时间、地点和原因状语。 1. when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如： Can you still remember that evening when we met for the first time？ 你还记得我们第一次见面的那个晚上吗？ 2. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。如： Can you show me the house where Shakespeare lived？ 你能带我看看莎士比亚曾住过的那座房子吗？ 3. why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。如： I don't know the reason why he didn't tell it to his father。 我不明白为什么他没有把这件事告诉他父亲。 4. 由于关系副词在定语从句中相当于“介词＋名词”，如：when ＝on / in / during the day，where= in / at / on the place，why ＝for the reason ，因此关系副词引导的定语从句可以改写为“介词＋which ”引导的定语从句。如： That is the day when （on which ）he did the experiments。 就是他做实验的那一天。 This is the house where （in which ）my father used to live。 这就是我父亲以前住过的房子。 That is the reason why （for which ）he is leaving very soon。 那就是他为什么要马上离开的原因。 注意：在这种“介词＋which ”的结构中，介词的选择取决于which 所指的名词与介词的搭配关系，或者取决于定语从句中动词词组与介词的搭配关系。如： This is the farm where （on which ）I worked three years ago。 这就是我三年前工作过的农场。 He can't forget that year when （in which ）he was taken to Beijing。 他忘不了他被带到北京去的那一年。 5.关系代词和关系副词的选择 先行词是表时间或地点的名词时，关系词的选择要慎重，以下技巧可帮助你解决此类问题。（ 1 ）分析句子结构，看表时间或地点的先行词在定语从句中是作状语，还是作主语和宾语。（ 2 ）看定语从句中的动词是及物动词，还是不及物动词，还是“不及物动词＋介词”结构。 比较：This is the place where he worked （vi ）when he was young。 The city （that / which ）we visited （vt ）is well-known。 We'll never forget the day （that / which ）we spent （vt ）in the village。 We'll never forget the day when we work （vi ）in the village。
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关
锐思教育学科教师辅导教案 辅导科目: 英语学员姓名：年级: 学科教师：韩海霞课时数：第次课 授课主题定语从句中关系代词的具体用法 1，复习定语从句的基本结构和关系词的用法 教学目标 2，掌握定语从句中关系代词的具体用法 授课日期及时段 教学内容 一，导入 复习上节课的学习的定语从句的基本内容，关系词的选择以及做题方法。 1，定语从句的基本结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句（关系代词一般位于定语从句的句首） 2，关系词可以分为关系副词和关系代词： 关系副词共有三个，在定语从句中作状语。when 表示时间，在定语从句作时间状语；where 表示地点，在从句中作地点状语；why 表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因的reason 一词。 关系代词that 、which 、who 、whom 、whose 、as 的具体用法 人物主语宾语that √√√√ which ×√√√ who √×√√ whom √××√ whose 只能在从句中作定语，可以指人也可以指物。As 用在一些特定的结构中，as you know 3，选用关系词的做题方法，一“找”，二“还”，三“替换”。 一“找”：就是先把句子分为主句和从句两部分，再找出先行词和关系词。 二“还”：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。（可以添词） 三“替换”：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用
关系副词。（时间状语用when ，地点状语用where, 原因状语用why ） 练习： 1，【2014 湖南】I am looking forward to the day C my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. A. as B. why C. when D. where 2，【2011 陕西】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, B we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. A. which B. where C. who D. that 3，【2013 山东】Finally he reached a lonely island C was completely cut off from the outside world. A. when B. where C. which D. whom 二，关系词只能有that 的情况（关系副词不受以下规则影响） 考点一：先行词是anything, something, nothing, everything 等不定代词时 1，He never reads anything is not worth reading. A. which B. as C. who D. that 2【，2010 全国2】I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone else ’s fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what 考点二：先行词是all, much ，l ittle, none 或先行词被all, much, little, no, any 修饰时 3，【2014 陕西】Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position. A. that B. which C. as D. what 4，You can take any seat is free. A. that B. / C. which D. it 考点三：先行词被序数词的最高级以及the first, the last, the very, the only, the same 修饰时5，The most important thing D we should pay attention to is the first thing I have said. A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that 6，It’s the third time C late this month.