Part one:
Answer: 1—60
A,B,D,D,C/ D,A,B,A,D/ A,A,D,D,B/ C,C,B,D,C
D A B D B/ A C B C D/ C D C D A/ B,A,C,A,D
B,C,C,B,A/ D,A,B,D,D/ A,A,D,D,B/ C,C,A,D,C
1
1.Hawthorne’s masterpiece, one of the greatest novels of the world is The Scarlet Letter.
2.Emerson’s first startling book is Nature.
3.Ralph Waldo Emerson is the chief spokesman of this spiritual movement of
Transcendentalism.
4.Washington Irving is worth the honor of being “for his literary craftsmanship for his literary
craftsmanship.
5.The colonial influence over American Romanticism made American Romantic writers more
moralize than their English counter-parts.
6.The impact of Darwin's evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the
19th century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to another school of realism: American Naturalism.
7.In the first part of the 20th century, apart from Darwinism, there were two thinkers the
German Karl Marx and the Austrian Sigmund Freud, whose ideas had the greatest impact on the period.
8. In his poetry, Robert Frost made the colloquial New England speech into a poetic expression.
The theme of returning to nature could be read in Leather-Stocking Tales by Cooper.
10. About the novel The Scarlet Letter, which of the following statements is not true? D
A. It's very hard to say that it is a love story or a story of sin.
B. It's a highly symbolic story and the author is a master of symbolism.
C. It's mainly
about the moral, emotional and psychological effects of the sin upon the main characters and the people in general.
D. In it the letter A takes the same symbolic meaning throughout the novel.
11. Ezra Pound showed great interest in Chinese literature and translated the poetry of Li Bai into English.
12. Eli ot’s first major poem (1917 The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock , has been called the first masterpiece of modernism in English.
13. The Fitzgerald lived so extravagantly that they frequently spent more money than Fitzgerald earned for parties, liquor, entertaining their friends and traveling. It was this living style that nicknamed the decade of the 1920s as The Roaring Twenties,The Jazz age andThe Dollar Decade.
14. Hemingway was badly wounded in Italy and sent to a hospital where he fell in love with a nurse. These two persons later became the characters of his novel A Farewell to Arms
15. The Grapes of Wrath tells the Joad family’s life from the time they were evicted from their farm in Oklahoma until their first winter in California.
16. Faulkner wrote about the society in the South by inventing families which represented different social forces: the old decaying upper class; the rising, ambitious, unscrupulous class of the “poor Whites”; and the Negroes who laboured for both of them.
17. In Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury, he used a technique called stream of consciousness , in which the whole story was told through the thoughts of four characters.
18. Faulkner’s novel The Sound and the Fury describes the decay and downfall of an old southern aristocratic family, symbolizing the old social order, told from four different points of view.
19. To Faulkner, the primary duty of a writer was to explore and represent the infinite possibilities inherent in human life. Therefore a writer should observe with no judgment whatsoever and reduce authorial intrusion to the lowest minimum.
20. Which of the following is right about American fiction from 1945 onwards?
A group of new writers who survived the war wrote about their ideals within the artistic field.
1. The Beat Generation is a large group including San Francisco writers, the name referred simultaneously_______, through drugs, and alcohol.
? A. to their sense that society was worn out
? B. to their interest in new forms of experience
? C. to the rhythm of jazz
2. In the Depression Age, John Steinbeck is the famous leftist for his sympathetic story about drifting farm laborers and factory workers.
3. The 1940s saw the flourishing of a new contingent of writers, including R. P. Warren, A. Miller, T. Williams, K. A. Porter and E. Welty. All but Miller were from the South
4. The Great God Brown fuses symbolism, poetry, and the affirmation of a pagan idealism to show how materialistic civilization denies the life—giving impulses to and destruction of the genuine art.
5. The realistic schools led by Mark Twain and Henry James differ in their understanding of the truth
6. Eliot’s first major poem (1917) has been called the first masterpiece of modernism in English.
A. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
B. The Waste Land
C. Four Quartets
D. Preludes
7. Which story is William Dean Howells’ masterpiece on the American spirit of the self-made man?
A. A Modern Instance
B. The Luck of Roaring Camp
C. The Rise of Silas Lapham
D. A Woman’s Reason
8. Which of the following is depicted as the mythical county in William Faulkner's
novels?
A. Cambridge.
B. Yoknapatawpha
C. Mississippi.
D.Tagliamento
9. “The apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough.”
This line is the shortest poem written by ______.
A. T. S. Eliot
B. Robert Frost
C. Ezra Pound
D.
E. E. Cummings
10. Which couple of the following are not written by Henry James?
A. The Portrait of A Lady and The Europeans
B. The Wings of the Dove and The Ambassadors
C. What Maisie Knows and The Bostonians
D. The Genius and The Gilded Age
11. __________ is said to be a “historical novel”by Faulkner.
A. Go Down, Moses
B. Light in August
C. Absalom, Absalom
D. The Sound and the Fury
12. Which of the following is said of the American naturalists?
A. They preferred to have their own region and people at the forefront of the
stories.
B. Their characteristic setting is usually an isolated town.
C. Human should be united because they had to adapt themselves to changing
harsh environment.
D. Their characters were conceived more or less complex combinations of
inherited attributes, their habits conditioned by social and economic forces.
13. The great sea adventure story Moby-Dick is usually considered______.
A. a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the artistic truth and beauty
B. an adventurous exploration into man's relationship with nature
C. a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of the universe
D. a simple whaling tale or sea adventure
14. The American 30s lasted from the Crash, through the ensuing Great Depression,
until the outbreak of the 2nd World War 1939. This was a period of _______.
A. a new social consciousness
B. bleakness
C. important social movements
D. All above
15. As to the great American poet Ezra Pound, which of the following statements is not true?
A. His language is usually oblique yet marvelously compressed and his poetry is
dense with personal, literary, and historical allusions.
B. His artistic talents are on full display in the history of the Imagist Movement.
C. From his analysis of the Chinese ideogram Pound learned to anchor his poetic
language in concrete, perceptual reality, and to organize images into larger patterns through juxtaposition.
D. For he was politically controversial and notorious for what he did in the
wartime, his literary achievement and influence are somewhat reduced.
16. Sinclair Lewis’ Babbitt presents a documentary picture of the narrow and limited ______.
A. up-class mind
B. middle-class mind
C. proletarian
D. ordinary people
17. In A Rose for Emily, Faulkner makes best use of ______ devices in narration.
A. romantic
B. realistic
C. gothic
D. modernist
18. American diction in the 1960s and 1970s proves to be different from its
predecessors. It is always referred to as “_______”.
A. Imagism
B. black humor
C. new fiction
D. the Beat Generation
19. As an autobiographical play, O’Neill’s ______ (1951) has gained its status as a
world classic and simultaneously marks the climax of his literary career and the coming of age of American drama.
A.Long Day’s Journey into Night
B. The Hairy Ape
C. Desire under the Elms
D. The Iceman Cometh
20. Tender Is the Night is a ______ by Fitzgerald.
A. short story
B. novella
C. poem
D. novel
1. Which of the following notions is not of literature?
A. local color
B. sub-consciousness
C. stream of consciousness
D. naturalism
2. As Fitzgerald’s writing style is concerned, which of the following is true?
A. The author dropped off the device of having events observed by a “central
consciousness”.
B. His intervening passages of narration leave the tedious process of transition to
the author’s imagination.
C. His diction and metaphors are partially original and details accurate.
D. The scenic methods are employed, each of which consists of one or more
dramatic scenes.
3. The Age of Realism in the literary history of the U. S. refers to the period from
______ to ______.
A. 1861—1914
B. 1863—1918
C. 1865—1914
D. 1865—1945
4. ______ is not the representative writer in the Age of Realism in the literary history
of the U.S.
A. Henry James
B. Emily Dickinson
C. William Dean Howells
D. Mark Twain
5. ______ explores the scrupulous individualism in a world of fantastic speculation
and unstable values, and gives its name to the get-rich-quick years of the post
Civil War era.
A. Innocents Abroad
B. The Gilded Age
C. Roughing It
D. The Middle Year s
6. The impact of Darwin’s evolutionary theory on the American thought and the
influence of the 19th century French literature and the American men of letters gave rise to another powerful school of realism of American literature: American ______.
A. Romanticism
B. Transcendentalism
C. The Lost Generation
D. Naturalism
7. In the first part of the 20th century, apart from Darwinism, there were two important
thinkers, ______, whose ideas had the greatest impact on the writing of American modernist period.
A. the German Karl Marx and the Austrian Sigmund Freud
B. the German Karl Marx and the American Sigmund Freud
C. the Swiss Carl Jung and the American William James
D. the Austrian Karl Marx and the German Sigmund Freud
8. In his poetry, Robert Frost made the colloquial ______ speech into a poetic
expression.
A. England
B. New England
C. Plymouth
D. Boston
9. As the theme of New England Transcendentalism, returning to nature could be read in Walden by ______.
A. Cooper
B. Twain
C. Irving
D. Thoreau
10. About the novel The Scarlet Letter, which of the following statements is not true?
A. It’s very hard to say that it is a love story or a story of sin.
B. It’s a highly symbolic story and the author is a master of symbolism.
C. It’s mainly about the moral, emotional and psychological effects of the sin upon the main characters and the people in general.
D. In it the letter A takes the same symbolic meaning throughout the novel.
11. ________ showed great interest in Chinese literature and translated the poetry of Li Bai into English.
A. Ezra Pound
B. Robert Frost
C. T. S. Eliot
D.
E. E. Cummings
12.Psychological realists take the psychologist view that _______ shapes up the social life.
A. subconscious instinct
B. intuitive and self-reliant
C. evil in human heart
D. the circumstance of no freedom of choice
13. The Fitzgerald lived so extravagantly that they frequently spent more money than
Fitzgerald earned for parties, liquor, entertaining their friends and traveling. It is this living style that nicknamed the decade of the 1920s as .
A. The Roaring Twenties
B. The Jazz age
C. The Dollar Decade
D. All of above
14. Hemingway was badly wounded in Italy and sent to a hospital where he fell in
love with a nurse. They later became the characters of his novel .
A. The Old Man and the Sea
B. For Whom the Bell Tolls
C. The Sun Also Rises
D. A Farewell to Arms
15. ______ tells the Joad family’s life from the time they were evicted from their farm
in Oklahoma until their first winter in California.
A. Of Mice and Men
B. The Grapes of Wrath
C. The Great Gatsby
D. For Whom the Bell Tolls
16. In the first half of the 19th century, America witnessed a cultural flowering period which is called “_____”.
A. the English Renaissance
B. the Second Renaissance
C. the American Renaissance
D. the Salem Renaissance
17. In Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury, he used a technique called , in
which the whole story was told through the thoughts of four characters.
A. symbolism
B. imagism
C. the stream of consciousness
D. naturalism
18. As a philosophical and literary movement, the main issues involved in the debate of Transcendentalism are generally concerning ______.
A. nature, man and the universe
B. the relationship between man and woman
C. the development of Romanticism in American literature
D. the cold, rigid rationalism of Unitarianism
19. To Faulkner, the primary duty of a writer is to explore and represent the infinite
possibilities inherent in human life. Therefore a writer should ______.
A. observe with no judgment whatsoever
B. reduce authorial intrusion to the lowest minimum
C. observe at a great distance and sometimes participate in the events
D. both A and B
20. Which of the following just depicts the American fiction in the field of literature
from 1945 onwards?
A. Black fiction began to attract critical attention during the 1950s.
B. There appeared a significant group of Jewish-American writers whose works
were set against the Jewish experience and tradition.
C. A group of new writers who survived the war wrote about their ideals, seeking
vitality in more widely popular material.
D. American fiction in the 1950s and 1960s proves to be a harvest which derived
from its predecessors.
Answer: 1—60
A,B,D,D,C/ D,A,B,A,D/ A,A,D,D,B/ C,C,B,D,C
D A B D B/ A C B C D/ C D C D A/ B,A,C,A,D
B,C,C,B,A/ D,A,B,D,D/ A,A,D,D,B/ C,C,A,D,C
Part Two
1. Leather-stocking Tales F. Cooper frontier literature
2. The Portrait of a Woman H. James psychological realism
3. The Sketch Book W. Irving American short stories
4. The 22 Catch J. Heller fiction of black humour
5. Leaves of Grass W. Whitman free verse
6. The Sound and the Fury W. Faulkner the stream of consciousness
7. The Call of Wild J. London leftist and muckraker
8. Nature R. W. Emerson transcendentalism
9. The Great Gatsby F. S. Fitzgerald T he Jazz Age
10. The Grapes of Wrath J. Steinbeck Depression literature and mild leftist
1. Howl A. Ginsberg the beat generation
2. The Zoo Story E. Albee absurdist theatre
3. The Purloined Letter E. A. Poe detective stories
4. The Native Son R. Wright H arlem Renaissance and black novels
5. The Scarlet Letter N. Hawthorne black vision
6. The Sun also Rises E. Hemingway the lost generation and war novels
7. Autobiography B. Franklin individualism
8. The Waste Land T. S. Eliot imagist poetry
9. Sister Carrie T. Dreiser naturalism
10. Adventures of Huckleberry Fin M. Twain local colorism
Part Three
1. Who are the forerunners of American naturalism?
2. Who is considered the representative of the American literary school of last century: the Lost Generation and what did these men of letters call themselves?
3. Which four fictional schools successively came into being in the 20s, 30s, 40s and 60s of the 20th century?
4. Who is the most outstanding novelist of the 30th decade of last century and what are his earliest best seller and his greatest book?
5. Which names are always associated with the stream-of-consciousness?
6. As the following naturalists’example, which two novels are Stephen Crane’s main works ?
7. What four literary branches consist of the American realism?
8. What skills of literary creation does the 20th century stream-of-consciousness of American literature often include?
9. Which three periods consist of the main development of American literature?
10. What special names are given to the 20s, 30s, and 50s of the 20th century?
11. Who are the forerunners of the first three main branches of American realism?
12. By what historical events are the three main periods of American literature briefly divided?
13. What renaissances successively appeared in the development of American literature?
14. What expressive forms does post-modernism have?
15. During the South Renaissance, what literary schools was formed one after another by nearly the same key members?
16. What are the three main branches of knowledge covered by the Course of American Literature?
17. Which main literary schools played the role in American early modernism of the 20s to 30s of the 20th century?
18. What features does romanticism have in its style?
19. What are the features of expression of American Romanticism?
20.
Part Three answer
1. A. Stephen Crane, B. Frank Norris C. Theodore Dreiser
2. A. Ernest Hemingway, B. exiles/expatriates
3. A. the Lost Generation fiction, B. the leftist fiction,
C. the south fiction,
D. the Beat Generation fiction
4. A. John Steinbeck B. Of Mice and Men , C. The Grapes of Wrath
5. A. William James, B. Henry James, C. Sigmund Freud,
D. Carl G. Jung,
E. James Joyce,
F. T.S. Eliot,
6. A.《Maggie: A Girl of the Streets》 B.《The Red Badge of Courage》
7. A. social realism, B. psychological realism, C. regionalism, D. naturalism
8. A. interior monologue, B. free-association, C. multi-level structure
9. A. the period of Romanticism, B. the period of Realism, C. the period of Modernism
10. A. The Jazz Age, B. The Red Decade, C. The Timid Decade
11. A. W.D. Howells for social realism, B. Mark Twain for regionalism,
C. H. James for psychological realism
12. A. the War of Independence—the Civil War, B. the Civil War—World War I,
C. World War I—World War II—the end of last century
13. A. the 1st American Renaissance in romantic period,
B. the 2nd American Renaissance during the 20s—30s of the 20th century,
C. the Harlem Renaissance during the 30s of the 20th century,
D. the South Renaissance during the 40s of the 20th century
14. A. black humor, B. fiction of absurdity,
C. meta-fiction,
D. avant-garde fiction
15. A. Fugitives B. Agrarians C. The New Criticism
16. A. the history of literature, B. reading of literary works, C. the criticism
of literature
17. A. the Lost Generation, B. muckraking realism, C. leftist naturalism
18. A. imaginative fiction B. ideal emotion C. heroism D. musicality in lines E. gothic and supernatural atmosphere
19. A. attention to mental states B. escaping from society and return to nature
C. celebration of the landscape with its virgin
D. influence of puritan strict moral laws
Part Four
The source of New England Transcendentalism is both ________ and ____________.
Transcendentalism advocates ________ and _______ of man and nature. Emerson’s _______ is honored as the declaration of transcendentalism and of independence of literature while The American Scholar as the ______ of Intellectual independence.
Washington Irving is well known as a writer of ______ and his best ones collected in _______ are Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.
James Cooper is well known as the early novelist whose famous stories are collected in his collection of novels: _________. The five collected long stories are his masterpieces that are good examples of the pioneering _______ of American literature.
The early sprouting period of American literature is often divided into two halves of _______ and __________
The puritans from England came to the new world on purpose to seek for freedom _______, freedom of speech and freedom _________. of religion
Two books by Franklin which is the most widely read are ________ and _________. Melville’s outlook on life was influenced by Hawthorne’s _______, Shakespearean tragic vision and Emersonian ________.
Edgar Allen Poe was honored as a _______ of the new style of poetry and American ________, such as The Purloined Letter.
Part Four answer
Americans Puritanism European romanticism
harmony unity
Nature manifesto
short stories The Sketch Book
The Leather-stocking Tales west fiction
literature of colonial America literature of reason and revolution.
of religion from want
Poor Richard’s Almanac Autobiography of Franklin
black vision Transcendentalism
pioneer analyzing novel
美国文学史复习（colonialism) 第一部分殖民主义时期的文学 一、时期综述 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记b、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）their voyage to the new land 2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) About dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想： 1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位 3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝 4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒：John Cotton & Roger William 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、William的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor. 学习指南： 1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘 Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the "purity" of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry.
一．The Literature of Colonial America(Puritanism) 1.The first English colony: Jamestown in Virginia in 1607 2.The first American writer: John Smith 3.Anne Bradstreet: first American woman poet; a Puritan poet; once called “Tenth Muse”; 二．Literature of Reason and Revolution War of Independence (1775-1783);The French and Indian War / the Seven Y ears’War(1756-1763) 1..Benjamin Franklin: Autobiography; Richard’s Almanac Maxims from Poor Richard’s Almanac (proverbs that give practical wisdom) 2..Thomas Paine (1737-1809): Common Sense: a strong push for the Revolution W ar; four parts (British enslavement of the colonies; praising democratic election; America’s economic and military potential to protect the rights of people) 3..Philip Freneau (1752-1832) The first American-born poet;“Poet of the American Revolution”, “Father of American Poetry”, the most significant poet of 18th century America W orks:The Wild Honey Suckle《野忍冬花》on mortality, The Indian Burying Ground 《印第安人殡葬地》on the imagined afterlife, The British Prison Ship《英国囚船》about his imprisoned experience. 三．Romanticism The American Romantic period is considered one of the most important periods, the first literary Renaissance, in the history of American literature. It stretches from the end of the 18th century through the outbreak of the Civil W ar. It started with the publication of W ashington Irving’s The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman’s Leaves of Grass. 1.Washington Irving (1783-1859) Literary status: the first American to earn an international reputation; Father of the American short stories The Sketch Book: winning him international popularity，the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature. Major works: A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty under the name of “Diedrich Knickerbocker
Part I The Literature of Colonial America I．Historical Introduction The colonial period stretched roughly from the settlement of America in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th. The first permanent settlement in America was established by English in 1607. ( A group of people was sent by the English King James I to hunt for gold. They arrived at Virginia in 1607. They named the James River and build the James town.) II．The pre-revolutionary writing in the colonies was essentially of two kinds: 1) Practical matter-of-fact accounts of farming, hunting, travel, etc. designed to inform people "at home" what life was like in the new world, and, often, to induce their immigration 2) Highly theoretical, generally polemical, discussions of religious questions. III．The First American Writer The first writings that we call American were the narratives and journals of these settlements. They wrote about their voyage to the new land, their lives in the new land, their dealings with Indians. Captain John Smith is the first American writer. A True Relation of such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony (1608) A Map of Virginia: A Description of the Country (1612) General History of Virgini a (1624): the Indian princess Pocahontas Captain John Smith was one of the first early 17th-century British settlers in North America. He was one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown, Virginia. His writings about North America became the source of information about the New World for later settlers. One of the things he wrote about that has become an American legend was his capture by the Indians and his rescue by the famous Indian Princess, Pocahontas. IV．Early New England Literature William Bradford and John Winthrop John Cotton and Roger Williams Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor V．Puritan Thoughts 1. The origin of puritan In the mediaeval Europe, there was widespread religious revolution. In the 16th Century, the English King Henry VIII (At that time, the Catholics were not allowed to divorce unless they have the Pope's permission. Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife because she couldn't bear him a son. But the Pope didn't allow him to divorce, so he) broke away from the Roman Catholic Church & established the Church of
美国文学史复习1（colonialism) 第一部分殖民主义时期的文学 一、时期综述 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记b、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）their voyage to the new land 2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) About dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想： 1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位 3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝 4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒：John Cotton & Roger William 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、William的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor. 学习指南： 1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘 Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the "purity" of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry. 4、The earliest settlers included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards Italian, and Portuguese. 美国文学史复习2（reasoning and revolution) (2009-01-17 15:54:25) 一、美国的性质： The war for Independence ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic - the United States of America. 联邦的资产阶级民主共和国--美利坚合众国。 二、代表作家： 1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790 1）"Poor Richard's Almanac" 穷人查理德的年鉴annual collection of proverbs 流行谚语集 It soon became the most popular book of its kind, largely because of Franklin's shrewd humor, and first spread his reputation 2) Founded the Junto, a club for informal discussion of scientific, economic and political ideas. 建立了一个秘密俱乐部，讨论的主题是政治、经济和科学等时事方面的问题 3）established America's first circulating library, founded the college--University of Pennsylvania. 建立了美国第一个可租借的图书馆，还创办了一所大学——就是现在的宾夕法尼亚大学。 4）first applied the terms "positive" and "negative" to electrical charges. 5)As a representative of the Colonies, he tried in vain to counsel the British toward policies that would let America grow and flourish in association with England. He conducted the difficulty negotiations with France that brought financial and military support for America in the war. 作为殖民地的代表，他不断建议英国改变政策，使美国可以和英国一起发展、繁荣。他说服法国支持美国的独立战争。 6）As an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor, sarcastic.作为作家具有非凡的才能，表达简洁明了，幽默，讽刺天才、 7）The Way to Wealth致富之道The Autobiography自传18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传
美国文学期末考试复习必备（精） 1. What’s Puritanism? A religious and political movement which appeals to the right of the individual to political & religious independence. It includes three parts: a code of values, a point of view & a philosophy of life 2. What are the basic Puritan beliefs? 1). Total Depravity 2). Unconditional Election 3). Limited Atonement 4). Irresistible Grace 5). Perseverance of the "saints" 3. What are American Puritan values? Sobriety thrift, Self-reliance Diligence, Struggle, simple tastes 4. What are the features of American literature in the Colonial Period? A. Humble origins: diaries, journals, histories, letters. Its various forms, occupy a major position in the literature of the early colonial period. B. in content: serving either god or colonial expansion or both C. in form: imitating English literary traditions. D. in style: tight and logic structure, precise and compact expression, avoidance of rhetorical decoration, adoption of homely imagery and simplicity of diction. E. Symbolism formed in this period ------To the pious Puritan, the physical, phenomenal world was nothing but a symbol of God. F. Simple, fresh and direct style
Captain John Smith (first American writer). Anne Bradstreet；The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America （colonists living） Edward Taylor(the best puritan poet) John Cotton ”the Patriarch of New England” teacher spiritual leader Benjamin Franklin The Autobiography Poor Richard’s Almanack Thomas Jefferson： Political Career Thoughts The Declaration of Independence we hold truth to be self-evidence Philip Freneau“Father of American Poetry” The Wild Honey Suckle American Romanticism optimism and hope Nationalism Washington Irving“Father of American Literature short story”The first “Pure Writer” A History of New York The Sketch Book marked the beginning of American Romanticism! “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”Rip Van Winkle James Fenimore Cooper Father of American sea and frontier novels Leather stocking Tales The Last of the Mohicans The Pioneers The Prairie The Pathfinder The Deerslayer Edgar Allan Poe father of detective story and horror fiction Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque “MS. Found in a Bottle” “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” “The Fall of the House of Usher”“The Masque of the Red Death”“The
1、The Colonial Period（1607-1765） American Puritanism ( in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th) 北美第一位女诗人Anne Bradstreet(宗教气息，夫妻恩爱) Edward Taylor 都受英国玄学派影响（metaphysical） 2、The Enlightenment and Revolution Period Benjamin Franklin:Poor Richard's Almanac The Autobiography---“美国梦”的根源 3、American Romanticism（end of 18th to the civil war） American writers emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. 早期浪漫主义Washington Irving father of American Literature
Chapter 1 1.American literature in the colonial periods (殖民地时期的文学，1607-1765): ①1942 Christopher Columbus(哥伦布) discovery of America ②17th century English began their settlement of the North American continent (北美拓殖开始) ③1606 the frist English settlement James Town, Virginia ④1620 the ship Mayflower arrived at Plymouth, Massachusetts ⑤1629 the Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony 2.Puritanism(清教主义) and writers, early poetries 1) the spirit and ideal of puritans who settled in the North American continent in the early part of the seventeenth century because of religious persecutions. The doctrines of predestination(宿命), original sin(原罪), total depravity(完全的堕落) and limited atonement(有限的救赎) were all that they believed in. 2)writers: William Bradford(1590-1702 Of Plymouth Plantation普利茅斯开发历史), Anne Bradstreet(1617-1672 The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯), Jonathan Edwards(1702-1758), Edward Taylor(1642-1729). 3)Early poetries: The Bay Psalm Book(1640, 1st book written and printed) , The Day of Doom(1662), New England Primer(1638, the 1st and most successful educational textbook) 3.The Main Features of this period 1)American literature grew out of humble origins. Diaries, histories, journals, letters, commonplace books, travel books, sermons, in short, personal literature in its various forms, occupy a major position in the literature of the early colonial period; 2) In content these early writings served either God or colonial expansion or both. In form, if there was any form at all, English literary traditions were faithfully imitated and transplanted;3) The Puritanism formed in this period was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature. 4.American literature in the revolutionary periods( Enlightenment启蒙运动, 1765 -1800) 1)revolutionary ended in 1763 2)1772 Patriot groups began to form committees 3)1774 Frist Continental Congress 4)1775 fighting broke out 5)1776 the Declaration of Independence in Second Continental Congress 6)1783 The Treaty of Paris(巴黎和约) → real independence 7)1776- 1783 Independence War 5.Famous literary figures Roger Williams(罗杰·威廉斯1603-1683): The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the Cause of Conscience, Discussed in a Conference between Truth and Peace （1644） Philip Freneau(菲利普·弗伦诺1752-1832): "the poet of the American Revolution". His major themes are death, nature, transition, and the human in nature John Woolman(约翰·伍尔1702-1772), Tomas Paine(托马斯·潘恩1737-1809)，Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林 6.Benjamin Franklin(1706 - 1790) and works