北京邮2011年博士研究生入学考试题
考试科目：英语
Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Directions: In this part there are four passages for you to read. After each passage there are five questions, below each of which there are four answers marked A， B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter with a pencil on the Machine-Scoring ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Passage One
The aroma of chocolate perfumes the air of the Rue d?Assas in Paris. Entering Christian Constant's state-of-the-art boutique, you find yourself in the kingdom of Paris's king of chocolate, where the humble cocoa bean is turned into mouth-watering chocolate Easter eggs.
Constant, who is a chef, admits that chocolate is his passion and main interest in life. He first developed a fascination with chocolate when he was working for Gaston Lenotre, a famous French pastry chef.
Every year he has a theme for decorating Easter eggs: this year his decorations are inspired by “Ar t No uveau”. Tonight h e has a dinner for 130 to organize and he has to prepare a three-foot-high Art Nouveau-style Easter egg by noon tomorrow. This, for Constant, is a normal schedule.
Constant believes that his chocolate creations are as much of a work of art as other sculptures. It is, therefore, understandable that the restaurant, which he opened last month, is situated in the National Monuments Museum in Paris. During the day the restaurant is a tearoom and offers chocolate in every imaginable form. Customers can choose from a selection of sweet chocolate desserts or tries the more exotic spicy chocolates. Constant is also a professional “nose” working closely with the French Institute of Taste. He is capable of identifying 450 different tastes and flavors. Constant explains that the mouth, which can only taste four things --- salt, sweet, acid and bitter-is “stupid” in comparison to the no se. He believes that the nose is everything.
In his book The Taste of Chocolate, he explains how in 1502 Christopher Columbus came across an island and went ashore. He was greeted by an Indian chief bearing gifts, among which were huge sacks of beans which Columbus thought was local currency. To his surprise, they prepared a drink for him. But Columbus, who disliked the odd bitter taste, continued on
his travels, ignorant of the fact that he had just tasted cocoa. Like Columbus, Constant travels those cocoa counties where he checks quality and works with local experts. Quality can vary depending on the region, year, and method of preparation. According to Constant, Venezuela and Trinidad have the best cocoa beans, which they export all over the world either as beans or as cocoa.
Constant, who is a hard worker, only sleeps three hours a night. He talks long into the night with members of a club he has formed. The cl ub is called “The Chocolate Munch ers”. T heir main official activity is to get together for monthly dinners where they eat a very tiny dinner and tons of chocolate desserts.
“I am an addict,” Constant admits, “and I don't want to be cured!”
1. Which of the following is the most inclusive title for the passage?
A. Chocolate—The Passion of a lifetime.
B. T he Chocolate Munchers Club.
C. Chocolate— A New Art Form.
D. The Last Word in Good Taste.
2. What does Constant do now?
A. He works for a French pastry chef.
B. He owns his own restaurant and tearoom.
C. He is a sculptor for a museum in Paris.
D. He is a chef in the Institute of Taste.
3. Constant's newly-opened business______
A. provides chocolates with various flavors
B. exhibits all of his chocolate sculptures
C. often needs to prepare a big Easter dinner
D. serves as a national monument in Paris
4. The underlined part “Constant is also a ……nose?”， means ___
A. he believes he has the best nose in the world
B. his nose can taste salt, sweet, acid and bitter
C. his nose can identify various tastes and flavors
D. he is capable of smelling flavors from a long distance
5. According to Constant _____
A. ancient Indians used cocoa beans as local currency
B. Columbus checked the quality of cocoa beans in different places
C chocolate addition makes people sleep less
D. the quality of cocoa beans varies from region to region
Passage Two
French are elegant people. They are artists in everyday life, having a very good taste in everything. They don?t like American tourists wearing jeans to go into their luxurious and exquisite five-star restaurants, so one of the restaurants put a notice outside its front door. It read “No trouse rs, p lease!”
A gourmet coffee was sold in Tokyo as an antidote to stress. Its name supposedly meant to people that it would soothe the troubled breast. Yet when it was printed in English, it turned out to be “Ease Your Bosoms”.
Swedes started a promotion stunt to promote the sales of their vacuum cleaner named Electro. Their origin al ad slogan was translated as “Nothing sucks like Electro”.
The General Motors' selling of Chevrolet was very bad in South America. And what is the reason? The translation of this brand sounds l ike “no va”- which means “It doesn't go” in Spanish.
When Pepsi-cola invaded the huge Chinese and German markets, the efforts initially fizzled. The product's slogan, “Come alive with the Pepsi generation”, was rendered i nto German as “come out of the grave with Pepsi”. Coca-Cola also discovered something had gone wrong in Taiwan. The Chinese characters chosen for the world-famous product sound like “Bite the Wax Tadpole.”
A beer co mpany's slogan “Turn it loose”became, in Spanish, eq uivalent to “suffer from diarrhea.”
A company translated its sticky tape slogan into Japanese and came up with a sticky problem. The slogan “Sticks like crazy” became literally “it sticks foolishly” in Japanese.
A tonic produc of royal jelly and is supposed to be very effective for some chronic diseases. Yet it was translated as “oral liquid”, which means “saliva” in English, In the brochure, it was described in this way:“it tastes like medicine”, when the language i n the original meant to use it as a food therapy.
Even the wrong nonverbal cue can bring havoc to a product. A baby food company initially packaged their African products just the same as in the U.S.—with a cute baby picture on the jar. They didn't realize that because so many Africans cannot read, nearly all packaged products sold in Africa carry pictures of what is inside. Pureed baby! How horrible!
In an Asian city, where traffic is really very bad, to secure people's safety, the municipal government has built underground passageways. Pedestrians are asked to use them whenever they need to cross the main street. A sign was posted once on the roadside, pointing to the entrance to an underground passageway, intending to notify English-speaking passengers, “Go Undergro und”.
We chuckled at such clumsy translations. Is there anything wrong in the language? We must be aware that few words and idioms can be literally translated. It's best to hire the best for translation. Don't take it for granted that as long as one speaks a little English, he is autonomously able to do the translation. It takes a while to learn to be a good translator.
6. "No trousers, please!" sounds funny on the front door of a five-star restaurant, because could mean “ ”, in English,
A. Take off your trousers, then come in please.
B. We don?t sell any trousers here.
C. W e don?t have any pairs of trousers here
D. Anyone who does not wear trousers is not welcome.
7. From the passage, you may guess that Chevrolet is most probably____
A. shoes of some kinds that South American like
B. the brand name of a kind of vehicle
C. a pet animal which runs fast
D. a word in Spanish which has a very bad meaning
8. Any product with a cute baby picture on the jar will most probably ___ in Africa,
A. sell well
B. receive favorable attention
C. cause great interest
D. bring an end to the product
9. The Chinese characters chosen for Coca-Cola____ in Taiwan first.
A. were well received
B. had a wrong name
C sounded terrible in the language D. were all terrible words
10. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Clumsy translations can sometimes produce the desired effect.
B. We should not take it for granted that anything can be translated.
C. Few words and idioms can be literally translated.
D. Clumsy translation could mean more than just a laughing matter.
Passage Three
“Vit amins are a group of substances found in food. The body needs them for life and health. So naturally, many people are concerned with the question: Am I getting enough vitamins, and am I getting the right kind?
Even though very small amounts of each vitamin are enough for the needs of the body, the worry people have about vitamins has some bases. And this has something to do with their diet —the food they take in. A person eating a good variety of foods gets all the vitamins now known to be needed (with the possible exception of vitamin D).
The problem is that there are many people who don't choose foods wisely, don't get enough variety, and don't eat the basic foods they need to get their vitamins. So the answer to this question is: No extra vitamins are needed, providing you eat proper foods: In fact, many of the vitamins cannot be stored in the body, so when extra vitamins are taken in, the body simply gets rid of them. It is even harmful to put too much of certain vitamins into the body. This has been found to be true of vitamin A and D, when large amounts are taken in.
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What foods supply what vitamins? Here is a quick general idea. Vitamin A, for the health of the eyes, skin, teeth, and bones, is found in green vegetables, fruits, eggs, liver and butter. Vitamin B1, which helps the nervous and digestive system and prevents certain diseases, is found in cereals; pork and liver. Vitamin B2 is found in milk; eggs, green vegetables and meats.
Vitamin C, wh s, certain fruits and vegetables. These are only a few of the most important vitamins the body needs.
11. Vitamin A is needed byand can be found in
A. bones / pork
B. nervous system / milk.
C. eyes / green vegetables
D. teeth / meats
12. Vitamin C helps __ w hile vitamin B1 is very important to
A. teeth/digestive system
B. skin/bones
C. bones/liver
D. eyes/meats
13. Vitamins are a group of substances found in
A. body
B. food
C. pork
D. digestive system
14. The body needs ___ for life and health.
A. extra vitamins
B. a good variety of vitamins
C. large amounts of certain vitamins
D. small amounts of each vitamin
15. If you take in more vitamins than you actually need, _________
A. they are harmful to your body
B. you get all the vitamins now known to be needed
C they help our bodies more properly
D. your body simply gets rid of them
Passage Four
As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life and working from morning till night; it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.
Stress is a natural part of everyday life. There is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.
The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first sight of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice be tween “flight or fight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little
the stress, it in longed, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives it would be unwise to do so even if we could, we need to find ways to deal with it.
16. People are finding less and less time to relax themselves because___________
A. they do not know how to enjoy themselves:
B. they do not believe that relaxation is important for health
C they are travelling fast all the time
D. they are becoming busier with their work
17. According to the author, the most important character for a good manager is his
A. not fearing stresses
B. knowing the art of relaxation
C. high sense of responsibility
D. having control over performance
18. Which of the following statements is TURE?
A.We can find some ways to remove stress.
B.Stress is always harmful to people.
C.It is easy to change the habit of keeping oneself busy with work.
D.Different people can withstand different amount of stress.
19. In Paragraph 3, "such a reaction" refers back to_________________
A."making a choice between 'flight or fight'"
B."reaction to stress both chemically and physically"
C."responding to crises quickly"
D."losing heart at the signs of difficulties"
20. In the last sentence of the article, "do so" refers to_____________
A."expose ourselves to stress"
B."find ways to deal with stress"
C."remove stress from our lives"
D."establish links between disease
Part II Translation (40 points)
Section A: Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese. (20 points)
(21)Love is of three varieties: unselfish, mutual and ordinary or selfish. Unselfish love is of the highest kind. Here, the one who loves seeks only the welfare of the beloved does not care whether he suffers pains and hardships thereby. The second kind of love is mutual love in
which the one w
happiness also. Selfish love is the lowest. It makes a man care only for his own happiness without having any regard for the feeling of the beloved.
(22)Optimism and pessimism are both powerful forces, and each of us must choose which we want to shape our outlook and our expectation& These is enough good and bad in everyone's life—ample sorrow and happiness, sufficient joy and pain—to find a rational basis for either optimism or pessimism. We can choose to laugh or cry, bless or curse. It's our decision. From which perspective do we want to view life? Will we look up in hope or down in despair? I believe in the upward look. I choose to highlight the positive arid slip right over the negative; I am an optimist by choice as much as by nature.
(23) Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips arid supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life. Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite and adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals. Years may wrinkle the skin. But to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.
(24) All man are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with inherent and unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights, government are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, that wherever any form of government become destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government.
Section B: Translate the following paragraphs into English (20 points)
本资料由博宸考博英语辅导收集并整理编辑，更多系统化的考博英语辅导资料或服务请百度搜索博宸考博，本校所有历年试题及强化解析请查看网站。博宸教育公司专业化的运营团队将为您制定切合自身特点的个性化复习方案。
每个人一生中都该有个志向，否则他的经历便会浪费掉。每个年轻人都力求成为一个有成就的人。一个青年人只期望富有是不明智的，或只专心于求得权利与名望也是不对的。一个青年人希望做个有成就者，愿望常常会实现。狄斯拉里（Disraeli）的故事是个例证。狄斯拉里开始过公众生活时渴望能成为一个学者及演说家。他在文学方面的成就比演说方面更为成功。起初他作为一个演说家时是完全失败的。不过，他认为有把握克服障碍，遂以不屈不挠的精神致力于这个目标的实现。他的一些朋友认为他这个念头是愚蠢的，甚至是古怪的，但
他坚持目标，最后
并不是引来说明：只是大学者或演说家，或二者兼而有之才是有成就的人。除了做学者或演说家之外，还有很多同样高尚与可敬的事业。它只是用来说明一个青年人须志向高远，因为“宁可志高而达不到目标，也不要志低而达到”。
Part ш writing (20 points)
You are to write a composition of no less than 200'words and do your composition neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Your composition should be based on the following topic:
On Knowledge and Ability
复旦大学2003年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题（秋季） PartⅠListening Comprehension (15%) 略 PartⅡV ocabulary and Structure (10%) Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in the part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 21. She her vacation so much that she didn?t want it to end. A. missed B. budgeted C. loathed D. relished 22. They tried to keep it quiet but eventually everyone learned about the meeting. A. intangible B. sedate C. impudent D. clandestine 23. Many citizens appealed to the city government for enacting laws to protect the consumers. A. rigorous B. equivocal C. stringent D. furtive 24. People who like to were red clothes are more likely to be talkative and . A. lucrative B. introverted C. vivacious D. perilous 25. This is but a of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. A. faction B. friction C. fraction D. fracture 26. They were tired, but not less enthusiastic that account. A. on B. by C. for D. with 27. I think it is high time we the fact that environment pollution in this area is getting more serious than before. A. woke up to B. must wake up to C. wake up to D. are waking up to 28. So was the mood of the meeting that an agreement was soon reached. A. resentful
东华大学2017年“普通招考”博士研究生报考说明 一、东华大学2017年博士生招生实行网上报名 普通招考考生网上报名时间：2016年11月1日至12月25日 报名网址：https://www.doczj.com/doc/0010231484.html,:82/ 报名前请认真阅读《东华大学2017年博士研究生招生简章》，了解我校2017年博士生入学考试的相关信息，并及时与报考导师联系。 考生须在规定的报名时间内提交报考信息，并完成缴费，否则网上报名信息无效。《博士生网上报名流程及其常见问题解答》请见附件1。 二、核对初试科目 请考生于2017年1月10日~16日在报名系统下载准考证，核对考试科目。 三、现场资格审查和换取盖章准考证 2017年3月10日携带以下材料到东华大学研究生招生办公室（延安路校区，中心大楼358-5室）进行资格审查： ①报考攻读博士学位研究生登记表（网报时下载打印，A4纸打印，签字确认信息真实正确）； ②本人第二代居民身份证原件及复印件（用于录取后办理“中国银行”卡）； ③研究生毕业证书学位证书及复印件；研究生学历证书电子注册备案表（考生需登录“中国高等教育学生信息网”https://www.doczj.com/doc/0010231484.html,，点击“学历查询”下的“本人查询”打印下载本人的学历证书电子注册备案表）；研究生学位认证报告（考生需登录“中国学位与研究生教育信息网”https://www.doczj.com/doc/0010231484.html,，进入“学位查询”查询学位信息，并截图打印）；应届硕士毕业生提供（学籍）认证报告（考生需登录“中国高等教育学生信息咨询网”https://www.doczj.com/doc/0010231484.html,，进入“学信档案”在线申请学籍验证，打印下载本人的学籍认证报告。如不成功可根据要求申请书面认证，获得“学籍认证报告”）；在境外获得学历/学位的考生，须提交教育部留学服务中心出具的认证报告复印件（教育部留学服务中心学历认证网址：https://www.doczj.com/doc/0010231484.html,/）。 ④本科毕业证书和学士学位证书及其复印件； ⑤硕士学位论文1本（应届生如未完成可不交）； ⑥两封所报考学科专业领域内的教授（或相当专业技术职称的专家）以上的专家推荐信（推荐信须密封并由推荐人在封口签字）；
考博英语历年真题 北大2013年考博士英语真题及答案 Part Two:Structure and Written Expression20 Directions:In each question decide which of four choices given will most suita bly complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET. 21.The nuclear family__________a self-contained,self-satisfying unit compose d of father,mother and children. A.refers to B.defines C.describes D.devotes to 22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that e lderly Americans are________by social isolation and loneliness. A.reproach ed B.favored C.plagued D.reprehended 23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance,cooperation_____ ___the quality of interpersonal relationship. A.ascends https://www.doczj.com/doc/0010231484.html,pels C.enhances D.prefers 24.In the past50years,there________a great increase in the amount of resea rch_____on the human brain. A.was…did B.has been…to be done C.was…doing D.has been…done 25. “I must have eaten something wrong.I feel like_____.”“We told you not t o eat at a restaurant.You’ d better_______at hom e when you are not in the shape.” A.to throw up… to eat B.throwing up…eating C.to throw up…eat D.throwing up…eat 26.Parent shave to show due concerns to their children’ s creativity and emotional output;otherwise what they think beneficial to t he kids might probably_______their enthusiasm and aspirations. A.hold back B.hold to C.hold down D.hold over 27.According to psychoanalysis,a person’ s attention is attracted________by the intensity of different signals____ ____by their context,significance,and information content. A.not less than…as B.as…just as C.so much…as D.not so much… as28.They moved to Portland in1998and lived in a big house,_______to the south. A.the windows of which opened B.the windows of it opened C. its windows opened D.the windows of which opening 29.The lady who has_______for a night in the dead of the winter later turned o ut to be a distant relation of his. A.put him up B.put him out C.put him on D.put him in30.By standers, _______,_________as they walked past lines of ambulances. A.bloody and cov ered with dust,looking dazed B.bloodied and covered with dust,looked daze
北京邮2011年博士研究生入学考试题 考试科目：英语 Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points) Directions: In this part there are four passages for you to read. After each passage there are five questions, below each of which there are four answers marked A， B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter with a pencil on the Machine-Scoring ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. Passage One The aroma of chocolate perfumes the air of the Rue d?Assas in Paris. Entering Christian Constant's state-of-the-art boutique, you find yourself in the kingdom of Paris's king of chocolate, where the humble cocoa bean is turned into mouth-watering chocolate Easter eggs. Constant, who is a chef, admits that chocolate is his passion and main interest in life. He first developed a fascination with chocolate when he was working for Gaston Lenotre, a famous French pastry chef. Every year he has a theme for decorating Easter eggs: this year his decorations are inspired by “Ar t No uveau”. Tonight h e has a dinner for 130 to organize and he has to prepare a three-foot-high Art Nouveau-style Easter egg by noon tomorrow. This, for Constant, is a normal schedule. Constant believes that his chocolate creations are as much of a work of art as other sculptures. It is, therefore, understandable that the restaurant, which he opened last month, is situated in the National Monuments Museum in Paris. During the day the restaurant is a tearoom and offers chocolate in every imaginable form. Customers can choose from a selection of sweet chocolate desserts or tries the more exotic spicy chocolates. Constant is also a professional “nose” working closely with the French Institute of Taste. He is capable of identifying 450 different tastes and flavors. Constant explains that the mouth, which can only taste four things --- salt, sweet, acid and bitter-is “stupid” in comparison to the no se. He believes that the nose is everything. In his book The Taste of Chocolate, he explains how in 1502 Christopher Columbus came across an island and went ashore. He was greeted by an Indian chief bearing gifts, among which were huge sacks of beans which Columbus thought was local currency. To his surprise, they prepared a drink for him. But Columbus, who disliked the odd bitter taste, continued on
2015年考博 单选： 有少部分原题（出自曾建彬《研究生英语》《研究生高级英语》） 阅读理解： 第一篇：Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, most of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—that purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and the capacity of a man is to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect every- body is equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry, which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents' and therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child. (选自新概念) 第二篇：关于在Internet site上挂条幅广告销售商品的。第一题问：文章开头是什么意思，我选择了，和传统广告一样，互联网广告也是为了促使消费者冲动消费。有一题问：下列哪些选项作者没提及：我选了传统广告在较长的竞争中必然会战胜网络广告方式。有一题关于互联网广告的：我选择了需要做些change来保持他的竞争性什么的。最后一题问作者对互联网广告的态度：uncertain,objective,X,X.另两个记不清了，我选的客观的。 第三篇：关于脸书，推特等这些网络平台火的原因，强调以前的网络平台web1.只是让你看别人提供的content，而web 2.如这些社交平台是让你能跟别人交流自己creat content,而不是enjoy 别人提供的content.一题问：Myspace社交平台火的原因：我选了有content的那个选项。有题问下面哪个选项作者没提及：我选了大家怀念web1.那个选项。 第3篇This reading comprehension focuses on social networks. It's followed by key vocabulary
南敬昌，2007年7月北京邮电大学电磁场与微波技术专业博士毕业，现工作于我校电信学院，目前在通信工程系从事通信方面的教学和科研工作。已发表论文20余篇，其中国际会议或核心期刊10余篇，EI检索6篇。主要研究方向有无线射频通信、通信系统仿真及信号与信息处理等。 读博士，一方面是拓宽自己的专业领域，加强专业理论基础，为自己找到一个稳定的研究方向，另一方面是参加导师科研，提高自己的科学研究能力。回忆这几年在北邮学习的经历，感触良多。现将我的经历和体会总结成文，希望能够为即将攻读博士的年轻教师和同学有所借鉴。 读博经历：遭遇意外挫折 关于确定研究方向，其实一个师姐（其实我比她大，他们都称我南老师）第一学期就多次告诉过我，但当时并没有意识到其重要性。根据导师的课题研究方向，初步确定自己的研究方向为射频电路中的一个模块———移相器。随着研究的深入，很多问题逐步显现出来，由于这个模块除了结构之外，关键的部分是半导体开关和RF－MEMS（射频微电机械）开关，这些内容属于微电子领域，跟我从事的专业有一定的距离。考虑到将来从事的工作，不得不重新考虑选题的方向，这个时候对移相器及其相关技术的研究已经花费了将近一年的时间。 重新进行选题是痛苦的，但也别无选择。根据导师的研究课题，广泛争取导师和同学的意见后，逐步转向了射频功率放大器
及其预失真系统的研究。到学校将近一年半，才真正确定了自己的研究方向。在后来的一年半时间里，对这个方向展开了深入的研究，在国内核心期刊上发表了6篇学术论文并完成了博士论文的撰写。 尽管在选题方向上走了一些弯路，但从总体上拓宽了自己的知识面。在进行重新选题的时候，我对信息类学科，尤其是电子通信学科进行了全面的了解，对各个学科所研究的方向进行了认真的考虑，电子通信学科主要包括两个一级学科：通信与信息工程和电子科学与技术，其中通信与信息工程包括通信与信息系统、信号与信息处理两个二级学科；电子科学与技术包括物理电子学、微电子与固体电子学、电路与系统、电磁场与微波技术等多个二级学科。这为自己对各个学科之间的相互联系和更深入的理解打下了基础。 读博体会：珍惜时间，辛勤劳作 学术研究无疑是艰辛的，每一个读博士的人都要有充分的思想准备。读博士期间，如何使自己在有限的几年时间里实现质的飞跃，为以后真正成为某一学术领域专家打下基础是每一个博士人共同考虑的问题。这里就自己攻读博士积累的经验和有关撰写论文的一些建议跟大家交流一下。 一、尽快确立自己的研究方向和论文选题 每一个考取博士的学生都要面对的首个问题，就是应该尽快了解导师研究的方向和科研项目，找到导师学术研究的几个关键
东华大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲 发布时间：2016-10-18浏览次数：3770 东华大学博士研究生入学英语考试是为招收博士研究生而设置，属选拔考试。根据国家教委颁布的《硕士、博士学位研究生英语教学大纲》的规定：博士生入学时英语水平原则上应达到或略高于硕士生毕业时应达到的水平，本考试以《大学英语教学大纲（文理科用）》中对大学英语六级水平的具体要求为主要依据，兼顾其他同等程度的教材和硕士毕业生应达到的英语水平要求，测试考生在英语语法、词汇、阅读、写作及翻译等方面的语言应用能力，择优选拔，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平和应用能力。 一、评价目标 要求考生掌握下列语言知识和技能： 1．语言知识 2．语言技能
考试形式为笔试，时间为180分钟。满分为100分。 整份试卷包括试题集和答题纸两部份。考生应将试题集Paper One 部分的1 –80题的答案按要求用2B铅笔做在答题卡上，将Paper Two 部分的翻译和写作用蓝、黑色钢笔或水笔字迹工整地写在相应的答题纸上。 三、试卷结构和内容 试题集有两部分构成：Paper One 为客观题，共四大项80题（占总分75%），包括词汇和句子结构（10%），辨错（10%），阅读（45%）和完形填空（10%）；Paper Two 为主观题，共二大项，（占总分25%），包括翻译（汉译英10%）和写作（15%）。 第一部分词汇（10%） 由20题组成（20题 x 0.5分）。词汇题主要测试考生所掌握的词汇水平和运用词汇的能力。按原国家教委颁布的《硕士、博士英语教学大纲》明确的定性和定量要求的规定，硕士生毕业时应理解性地掌握大约6000个英语常用词（组）。 第二部分辨错并改错（10%） 由10题组成（10题 x 1分)。主要测试考生掌握并正确运用语言的能力。考查的重点语法项目是：制约句子逻辑关系的连词和关系词；体现句子行为者主语其情感、意图、行为、判断的动词的时态、语态、情态动词和虚拟语气；使句子变得多姿多彩的非谓语动词、省略和倒装。 第三部分完形填空（10%） 该部分为一篇240-280的文章，题材包括科技，经济，文化，教育，社会生活，人物传记等。文章有20 个空档，共20题。考试形式为多项选择，即要求考生从每题给出的四选项中选出一个最佳答案，填入文章空白处，使补足后的文章意思通顺，前后连贯，结构完整。 第四部分阅读（45%） 由六篇阅读文章和30个理解选择题组成（30题x1.5分）。要求考生在70分钟内完成六篇文章阅读，所选文章体裁包括叙述文、说明文、议论文等；题材涉及到科普、社会生活、人文学科、小说、教育、经济等。测试考生的阅读速度、获取信息的能力、阅读技巧、以及记忆性理解程度和信息处理、分析综合等多方面的能力。要求考生能快速阅读各类题材的文章；准确理解并归纳其要义以及作者的基本观点和态度；把握各层次段落与主题的逻辑关系；通过合理的判断、推理来理解文章的深层含义；根据语境的暗示来猜测词义。 第五部分翻译（10%）
Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: When Kathie Gifford ’s face was splashed across the newspapers in 1996 after her lucrative line of Wal mart clothing was exposed as the work of underpaid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown, the Department of Labor and the White House teamed up to condemn such practices. With much fanfare, President Clinton’s administration launched the “No Sweat” campaign, which pressured retailers and manufacturers to submit to periodic independent inspection of their workplace conditions.; This campaign urged manufacturers to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct, a promise to self regulate that has since been adopted by a handful of retailers and many of the nation ’s largest manufacturers, including Nike and L.L. Bean. However, the Department of Defense, which has a $ 1 billion garment business that would make it the country’s 14th largest retail apparel outlet, has not signed the Code of Conduct. In addition, it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections.; Because the Department of Defense has not agreed to adhere to the code, the job of stopping public sector sweatshops falls to the Department of Labor. Federal contractors that persist in violating wage laws or safety and health codes can lose their lucrative taxpayer financed contracts. But Suzanne Seiden, a deputy administrator at the Department of Labor, says that to her knowledge, the department has never applied that rule to government apparel manufacturers. “I just assume that they are adhering to safety and health requirements,” she says. According to records obtained by Mother Jones, through a Freedom of Information Act request, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has cited Lion 32 times for safety and health violations in the past 12 years. 21.What is this passgage mainly concerned with? A)The functions of the Department of Labor in America. B)A serious problem threatening American economy. C)The successful attempt of regulating sweatshops in America. D)The seriousness of the problem of sweatshops in America. 22.According to the passage, Kathie Gifford ____. A) was one of the underpaid laborers in New York City’s Chinatown B) was one of the well paid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown C) made much money from cheap laborers in New York City’s Chinatown D) wrote a newspaper article exposing the practice of employing cheap laborers 23.The underlined p hrase “to submit to” is closest in meaning to ____. A) to accept unwillingly B) to refuse coldly C) to welcome warm heartedly D) to blame strongly 24.Which of the following statements about the Department of Defense is true? A) It will become the count ry’s 14th largest retail apparel manufacturer. B) It hasn’t acted according to the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) It has demanded its contractors to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct. D) It has teamed up with the Department of Labor to launch a campaign. 25.What was the purpose of President Clinton’s administration launching the “No Sweat” campaign? A) To urge manufacturers to obey the Workplace Code of Conduct. B) To remind the manufacturers of the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) To urge the Department of Labor to take its responsibility. D) To urge the Department of Defense to inspect manufacturers. Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: The term investment portfolio conjures up visions of the truly rich-the Rockefellers, the Wal Mart Waltons, Bill Gates. But today, everyone-from the Philadelphia firefighter, his part time receptionist wife and their three children, to the single Los Angeles lawyer starting out on his own-needs a portfolio.; A portfolio is simply a collection of financial assets. It may include real estate, rare stamps and coins, precious metals and even artworks. But those are for people with expertise. What most of us need to know about are stocks, bonds and cash (including such cash equivalents as money market funds).; How do you decide what part of your portfolio should go to each of the big three? Begin by understanding that stocks pay higher returns but are more risky; bonds and cash pay lower returns but are less risky.; Research by Ibbotson Associates, for example, shows that large company stocks, on average, have returned 11.2 percent annually since 1926. Over the same period, by comparison, bonds have returned an annual average of 5.3 percent and cash, 3.8 percent.; But short term risk is another matter. In 1974, a one year $1000 investment in the stock market would have declined to $735.; With bonds, there are two kinds of risk: that the borrower won’t pay you back and that the money you’ll get won’t be worth very much. The U.S. government stands behi nd treasury bonds, so the credit risk is almost nil. But the inflation risk remains. Say you buy a $1000 bond maturing in ten years. If inflation averages about seven percent over that time, then the $1000 you receive at maturity can only buy $500 worth of today’s goods.; With cash, the inflation risk is lower, since over a long period you can keep rolling over your CDs every year (or more often). If inflation rises, interest rates rise to compensate.; As a result, the single most imortant rule in building a portfolio is this: If you don’t need
北京邮电大学杨学成的社会化营销、社会网络分析考博参考书-考博分数线 -专业课真题 一、专业的设置 北京邮电大学经济管理学院招收博士生31人，下设管理科学与工程专业，分为30个方向，分别是周宏仁的产业组织与管理创新；吕廷杰的信息管理与信息经济学；唐守廉的政府规制、服务科学；彭龙的金融创新、管理研究；曾剑秋的竞争力、企业成长、服务质量提高途径；金永生的市场营销理论与实践；朱高峰的产业政策及管理；吴洪的农村信息化、互联网金融；张彬的信息化测评与管理；苑春荟的产业经济、信息化、电子商务、数据挖掘；孙启明的区域产业协调发展；茶洪旺的产业组织与管理创新；李钢的网络与公共信息管理、虚拟社会管理；赵玲的复杂性科学与管理；陈岩的企业国际化、战略绩效与创新；艾文宝的最优化及其在信息科学及金融数学中的应用；齐佳音的社交网络与客户关系的管理；王长峰的风险预警与应急管理、大型项目集成与控制；闫强的网络用户行为分析、电信运营管理；宁连举的消费者行为学、网络营销、信息化与创新管理；潘煜的神经管理学；杨天剑的电信供应链管理、电信节能；陈慧的人力资源管理；彭惠的风险管理、区域经济政策；杨学成的社会化营销、社会网络分析；赵秀娟的金融市场分析、风险管理、评价理论与方法；何瑛的公司财务与资本市场、管理会计；谢雪梅的信息技术与服务科学、项目管理理论与务实；张晓航的数据挖掘、商务智能、复杂网络；杨毅刚的企业战略管理。 二、考试的科目 院所、专业、研究方向指导教师招生人数考试科目备注008经济管理学院31 087100管理科学与工程
院所、专业、研究方向指导教师招生人数考试科目备注 25社会化营销、社会网络分析杨学成 ①1101英语②2201概率论与随 机过程③2207数理统计④3305 通信网理论基础⑤3315通信经 济与管理理论 ②③选一 ④⑤选一 三、导师介绍 杨学成：（1977-），男，管理学博士，北京邮电大学经济管理学院教授、博士生导师、副院长、网络社会信息开发与保护北京市国际科技合作基地常务副主任，中国信息经济学会理事、中国人工智能学会理事、国际技术转移协作网络国际委员会委员、中国市场学会会员、中国市场营销研究中心高级研究员。1997-2001年就读中央财经大学信息管理系并获工学学士学位，2001-2007年就读中国人民大学商学院并获管理学硕士、博士学位。 育明教育考博分校解析：考博如果能够提前联系导师的话，不论是在备考信息的获取，还是在复试的过程中，都会有极大的帮助，甚至是决定性的帮助。育明教育考博分校经过这些年的积淀可以协助学员考生联系以上导师。 四、参考书目 专业课信息应当包括一下几方面的内容： 第一，关于参考书和资料的使用。这一点考生可以咨询往届的博士学长，也可以和育明考博联系。参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何灵活运用参考书中的知识内容来答题，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。另外，考博资料获取、复习经验可咨询叩叩：捌九叁，二肆壹，二二六，专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要阅读大量的paper，读哪一些、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。