中考英语阅读理解解题技巧点拨
一、中考英语阅读题目的考查类型和解题技巧
中考英语阅读题目主要有以下四种类型,现将每一种类型的考查要点和解题
技巧分析如下：
1.主旨题（To find out the main idea)
其目的是考查对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。
★解题技巧为：找主题句。应先通读全文，理解大意，充分理解主题句的意义。主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。
主旨题常见题式为：
1.Which is the best title of this passage?
2.The main idea of this passage is_____
3.The passage mainly tells us：_________
例题1
Happiness is for everyone…
In fact, happiness is always around you, if you put your heart into it…
Happiness is not the same as money, it is a feeling of your heart…
Which of the following is this passage about?
A.Bad luck
B. Good luck
C. Happiness
D.Life（答案为C）
例题2
It’s so crowded in Florida! We had to wait a long time to go on the rides sometimes…..
The paragraph mainly tells us:
A. It’s so crowded in Florida.
B. We had to wait a long time . (答案为A)
2. 细节题( To look for details)
细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。
★解题技巧为：快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、数字等，划出相关句子，进行对照。
例题1：Peter started playing for the local club when he was only 10 years old in 1948. In 1970,he was in the team that won the World Cup for Brazil again. He finally stopped playing in1977.
How many years did Peter play football?
________________________________(答案为29 years.抓住两个年份数字
1977-1948)
细节题中的难点常为此类问题：
Which of the following is True/Not True?
这类题目要求从文中不同的地方挑出信息
．．．．对事实进行判断。选项之间没有联系。
★解题技巧为：仔细回读
．．相关信息。针对选项，逐个判断正误，1道等于3道。例题2
It seems that everybody tells lies well, not big lies, but what we call “white
lies” .Telling white lies isn't that bad. Most of the time ,people do it because they want to protect a friendship.
( )Which of the following is not True?
A. White lies are not big lies.
B. In fact, everybody tells lies .
C. People tell white lies to protect a friendship.
D. White lies are harmful to friendship. （答案为D. 答题时要求对每个选项进行回读确认信息，然后判断。）
3. 推断题（To infer a conclusion)
推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论。包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。
★解题技巧为：寻找线索，悟出字里行间的意思。
常见题式：
1）From the passage we know that______
2）From the passage we can infer(推断）that___
注意：此类题目无法从原文中找到一模一样的句子。
如：The doctor gave my sister some medicine, but it did nothing to her.
( )From this sentence know__________.
A. my sister didn't like this medicine
B. my sister took the medicine
C. the medicine made my sister sick
D. my sister got better now （答案为B. 根据后半句的but it did nothing to her 推断得出我姐姐吃了这个药。）
4.猜测词义题( To guess the meaning)
猜测词义题主要考查根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。
解题技巧为：通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义。
常见题式如下：
1）The word “…” in the passage probably means_________.
2）What does the word “…”mean______.
3）The underlined(划线的) word means_________
例题3
Besides the usual classrooms and laboatories, the boarding schools have lots of other facilities for their students, including music rooms, borts, swimming pools, cinemas and theaters.
The underlined word means _________.
A.教师
B. 设施
C. 活动
D. 课程
二、书面回答问题的特点和解题误区
书面回答问题在设置问题时通常针对文中的5W和How—即who, when, where, what, why,和how(how long, how far, how fast…)。基本属于细节题，能在原文中找到。通常最后一个问题属于开放性题目。做这种题目时，必须看懂有关内容及前因后果，因为开放性题目的答案可以有许多，只要言之有理，都能得分。书面回答问题时，必须指导学生了解不同问题类型的回答方式，如一般疑问句用yes/no回答，选择疑问句不能用yes/no回答等。在书面回答时还要注意文字的书写，意思表述的简单明了，单词的大小写、名词的单复数、动词的人称、时态、语态等。在平时教学中，经常发现学生能看懂文章，也能正确地找出原文中的句子，但在书面回答时却出错，这是很可惜的。现在我来分析一下回答问题存在的几个误区和产生的原因，期望通过分析后能帮助学生提高回答问题的得分率。
