Abstract Interest Management Middleware for Networked Games

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双语经验对大脑可塑性的影响

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b Centre of Cognitive Neuroscience, University Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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c Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fulam, Hong Kong
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monolingual peers. These ﬁndings suggest that L1 production in bimodal bilinguals involves an interaction 32
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biddinggame

17© Shreekant W Shiralkar 2016S. W. Shiralkar, IT Through Experiential Learning , DOI 10.1007/978-1-4842-2421-2_3C ontext:C ollaborative Learning and Collective Understanding of E RPDuring our school days, my friends and I frequently engaged in discussing specific topics from our textbooks. Each one of us comprehended a specific aspect of the larger subject, and when we shared understanding or knowledge of the topic, we found that our collective understanding helped us raise each individual’s understanding much faster and deeper than individually struggling to comprehend the subject. Later, we even formalized the process during the examination period as we found the process helping learn quickly. During my college days, we practiced the technique further by forming study groups, and when having difficulty understanding a topic, we broke it into subtopics and distributed among the group for learning parts individually and then collectively sharing it with the rest of the group. The process helped each one of us in comprehending knowledge which appeared difficult and complex to us as individuals. The results of learning through a process of discussion were impressive and gave me insight into a few aspects of the concept formally known as “cooperative learning,” which defines the process of learning together rather than being passive individual receivers of knowledge (e.g., teacher lecturing and students hearing). This process allows learners to use cognitive skills of questioning and clarifying, extrapolating and summarizing.I n one of my assignments, I was engaged to train the top management of an organization on ERP and the impact of its implementation. I anticipated that it would be a huge challenge to engage top executives in this training, as most would have had some understanding already, and applying a conventional training process risked losing their attention if my co-trainer or I fell short of their expectations. While individually each top executive may have had generic knowledge of ERP , they certainly lacked comprehensive knowledge, and more specifically a seamless collective understanding of the subject, without any gaps due to individual interpretations or exposures. The task, therefore, was multifaceted: on one hand, I had to get them interested in learning aspects of which they lacked knowledge, and on the other, I had to encourage them to share their individual understandings of the subject, facilitating development of a collective learning.CHAPTER 3 ■ BIDDING GAME18F or a top executive, it is expected that he or she needs to take calculated risks inalmost every key decision, whether it’s bidding for a large contract or establishing price point while taking a privately held organization for public trading. The process of bidding involves awareness of collective knowledge of capability, assessment about competition, and expertise to apply judgment based on rational (and some irrational) criteria. In the knowledge-driven economy, the contributions of each employee, regardless of level, add up to the collective capability of the organization.W ith a view to facilitate collective learning in the shortest possible time for these top executives, I conceived a “Bidding Game” that leveraged cooperative learning to teach the ERP solution and the impact of its implementation in one session. The result in of Bidding Game was outstanding.T his is the premise of the game that will be explained in this chapter. The game also helps induce elements of social skills like effective communication and interpersonal and group skills in learning an otherwise abstract and complex subject.T he Bidding Game is a game played by all the participants divided into two or more teams. Teams compete on the strength of their collective knowledge of the subject. The game concludes after the collective learning on a specific subject is acquired to the appropriate level on all the essential aspects. The game format provides encouragement to each participant to contribute his or her knowledge of the subject and helps the team to win. A notional value attached to the correct and complete response helps measure the level of knowledge among participants. The competition is premised on the accuracy of the initial bid, which adds a flavor of bidding.F igure 3-1will help you visualize the setting created for the participants of the Bidding Game.F igure 3-1.I nstructor inviting b idsCHAPTER 3 ■ BIDDING GAME19In a hall, participants will be seated in a U-shaped arrangement, facing the projector screen. The hall will have two whiteboards on either side of the projector screen. One of the whiteboards will be titled “Knowledge Bid” and will display the bids by participating t eams.T he second whiteboard will record the actual earnings or the SCORE for each of the teams. The projector screen will be used to publish the question for each of the bid, and the instructor will allow the teams to respond in sequence and will record the score on the whiteboard on the basis of the accuracy and completeness of response by the team (Figure 3-2).F igure 3-2.I nstructor inviting response to q uestion In designing the Bidding Game, the elements of competition and encouraging discussion on each aspect form the core theme. The competitive aspect triggers speed, the game element induces interest without force or pressure, and finally discussions and sharing of knowledge facilitate desired coverage of the subject—for instance, technical nuances and features offered by new technology and/or processes, channelling an accelerated Learning and Collective Understanding new technology and/or p rocesses .B idding Game Design To design the Bidding Game, I recommend ensuring that the pace of learning is accelerated gradually, and that learning begins with basic aspects and moves on to the advanced and complex aspects in sequence instead of beginning with complex subjects and then concluding with basics. In the design of the sequence, care has to be exercised in segregating the basic and must-learn aspects from the “nice-to-know” aspects, andCHAPTER 3 ■ BIDDING GAME20design should ensure accomplishing learning of basic and must-learn ones whileprovisioning for nice-to-know types based on the interest and appetite of the participants. Design the sequence in such a way that initially the participant need to spend less time and are encouraged toward the game and competition, while later parts of the sequence should ensure that participants spend more time in discussions and staying ahead of competition.T he objective—rapid development of collective learning of technology and/or new processes—necessitates a short duration of the Bidding Game.L et us now examine the task-level details of the Bidding Game beginning with preparation/planning, recommended rules, and then the process for its execution,including steps to consolidate learning after conclusion. An overview of the entire game is depicted in Figure 3-3 .C omplete details of the activities in the process flow are described in detail in the following sections.P reparation/Planning •D ivide the subject into 20 subtopics that cover the subject comprehensively. • C reate a question for each of the subtopics.•C reate a sequence of questions in a way that gradually raises the level of knowledge. •S egment the questions into three levels: Rookie, Advanced, and Expert.•A ssign different values to questions from the three sets, for example, $100 per question from the Rookie level, $200 perquestion from the Advanced level, and $300 per question from the Expert level. •D evelop a clear rule set for the Bidding Game that can be used to explain the game to the participants.F igure 3-3.B idding Game p rocess flowCHAPTER 3 ■ BIDDING GAME • H ave a scoreboard that displays the bid value of the team and alsotheir score during the progress of the game (use the whiteboardmarker pens).• H ave a large clock for monitoring time and identify assistants forkeeping time and recording the score.R ecommended Rules• T he winner is chosen on the basis of two parameters: high scoreas well as that which is closest to its bid.• E ach wrong or incomplete response has a loss of value (i.e.,negative marking); for example, a $50 penalty for each wrong orincomplete response.• $50 is deducted from the value of a passed-over question or apartly answered question.• T he completeness of the response to a question can be challengedby competing teams to apply penalty and reduce the score.• T here’s a limit of 5 minutes for responding to each question. Eachround could begin sequence in a way that provides a fair chanceto all the teams.O nce all the preparation is completed, the game can begin.E xecution1. A ll the participants are told the context and rationale for thegame (i.e., what ERP is and the importance of each of themhaving a collective understanding of the subject, which wouldmaximize benefit from its implementation). Also, it shouldbe explained how playing a game such as this can increaseindividual understanding much faster and more deeply thanindividually struggling to comprehend the subject in isolation.2. P articipants are divided into teams. Team formation canbe done in any way that generates nearly equal numbers ofparticipants for each team (dividing the room, counting off bytwos, etc.)3. T he instructor/quiz master (QM) invites bids from each of theteams, which are recorded on the whiteboard for everyone tosee.4. T he instructor launches the first question on the screen andinvites the first team to take its chance, while the timekeepermonitors the time taken by the responding team.21CHAPTER 3 ■ BIDDING GAME225. O n the basis of correctness and completeness of the response,the instructor assigns a score to the team, which is recordedon the second whiteboard.6. I n case the question is passed to the second team and they areable to respond correctly and completely, the reduced score isrecorded.7. I n case the question is not answered or is incompletelyresponded by any of the teams, the instructor shares the correctand complete answer and the subject is discussed and clarified.8. T he process continues until the subject is completely covered.9. T he instructor tallies the scores for the teams and announcesthe winner on the basis of the high score and the bid a ccuracy .O nce the game is over, observations from experience are collected and crystallized inlearning in the next section.C onclusion• T he learning gained through the game needs to be articulatedand consolidated. Debrief is a process that will aid in articulatinglearning that participants gained during the game.• T he process of debrief begins with each participant sharinglearning, specifically something that has changed theirunderstanding about the subject during the game.• E ach participant would have learned something new, be it a verybasic addition to earlier knowledge of the subject or very complexinformation that the participant hadn’t ever known before.• T he individual learnings are recorded on a whiteboard, whichhelps in crystallizing and consolidating collective understandingon the subject.• O nce the game is over, the learning can be consolidated bypresenting additional material by way of slides, videos, and so on.S ample ArtifactsW ith a view to facilitate the immediate application of the approach in the chapter, a sample list of questions on ERP and Big Data along with an illustrative score sheet with result, are provided in the following section. The correct responses from multiple choices, are identified in bold.CHAPTER 3 ■ BIDDING GAMES ample Question Cards:ERP1. W hat is the extended form of ERP?a. E nterprise Retail Processb. E nterprise Resource Planningc. E arning Revenue and Profitd. N one of the above2. R eal time in the context of ERP relates to which of thefollowing?a. T ime shown in the computer system synchs with yourwatchb. P rocesses/events happen per transaction at the sameinstantc. B oth of the aboved. N one of the above3. W hat does “SOA” stand for in relation to ERP systemarchitecture?a. S ervice-Oriented Architectureb. S ystem of Accountsc. S tatement of Accountd. N one of the above4. W hich of these is not a packaged ERP?a. S APb. O raclec. W indowsd. J D Edwards5. I n the context of packaged ERP, do “Customization” and“Configuration” refer to the same process, or are theydifferent?a. S ameb. D ifferentc.D on’t know23CHAPTER 3 ■ BIDDING GAME246. M aterials Management in ERP helps to/esnure ?a. I ncrease of inventoryb. I nventory is well balancedc. B oth of the aboved. N one of the above7. S ales and Distribution Module in ERP helps in which of thefollowing?a. I ncreased customer serviceb. R educed customer servicec. B oth of the aboved. N one of the above8. F inancial and Controlling Module in ERP helps in which ofthe following?a. E valuating and responding to changing businessconditions with accurate, timely financial datab. E asy compliance with financial reporting requirementsc. S tandardizing and streamlining operationsd. A ll of the abovee. N one of the above9. G ain from implementation of ERP results in which of thefollowing?a. I mproved business performanceb. I mproved decision makingc. I ncreased ability to plan and growd. A ll of the aboveS ample Question Cards:B ig Data1. W hat is Big Data?a. D ata about big thingsb. D ata which is extremely large in size (in petabytes)c. D ata about datad. N one of the aboveCHAPTER 3 ■ BIDDING GAME2. W hich are not characteristics of Big Data?a. V olumeb.V elocityc. V irtualityd.V ariety3. W hich are key inputs for Big Data?a.I ncreased processing powerb. A vailability of tools and techniques for Big Datac. I ncreased storage capacitiesd. A ll of the above4. W hich are applications of Big Data?a. T argeted advertisingb.M onitoring telecom networkc. C ustomer sentimentsd. A ll of the above5. W hich tools are used for Big Data?a. N oSQLb. M apReducec. H adoop Distributed File Systemd. A ll of the above6. S ocial media and mobility are key contributors to Big Data:true or false?a. T rueb. F alse7. W hich is not a term related to Big Data?a. D atabasesMongoDBb. D ata T riggerc. P igd. S PARK25CHAPTER 3 ■ BIDDING GAME26B enefit Assessment After consolidation of the learning, it’s recommended to conduct a benefit assessment exercise to measure the gains from application of the game-based approach. Theassessment could be in form of a written quiz on the subject with multiple-choice answers.。

Selfish routing in capacitated networks

Date : June 2003; revised February 2004.
2000 Mathematics Subject Classiﬁcation. Primary 90C35; 90B10, 90B20, 90C25, 90C27, 91A10, 91A13,
91A43.
Key words and phrases. Selﬁsh Routing, Price of Anarchy, Traﬃc Assignment, System Optimum, Nash
SELFISH ROUTING IN CAPACITATED NETWORKS
´ R. CORREA, ANDREAS S. SCHULZ, AND NICOLAS ´ E. STIER MOSES JOSE Sloan School of Management and Operations Research Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139-4307
Abstract. According to Wardrop’s ﬁrst principle, agents in a congested network choose their routes selﬁshly, a behavior that is captured by the Nash equilibrium of the underlying noncooperative game. A Nash equilibrium does not optimize any global criterion per se, and so there is no apparent reason why it should be close to a solution of minimal total travel time, i.e. the system optimum. In this paper, we oﬀer positive results on the eﬃciency of Nash equilibria in traﬃc networks. In contrast to prior work, we present results for networks with capacities and for latency functions that are nonconvex, nondiﬀerentiable, and even discontinuous. The inclusion of upper bounds on arc ﬂows has early been recognized as an important means to provide a more accurate description of traﬃc ﬂows. In this more general model, multiple Nash equilibria may exist and an arbitrary equilibrium does not need to be nearly eﬃcient. Nonetheless, our main result shows that the best equilibrium is as eﬃcient as in the model without capacities. Moreover, this holds true for broader classes of travel cost functions than considered hitherto.

多用户MIMO-MEC网络中基于APSO的任务卸载研究

多用户MIMO-MEC网络中基于APSO的任务卸载研究顾敏;徐雅男;王辛迪;花敏;周雯【期刊名称】《无线电工程》【年(卷),期】2024(54)3【摘要】在移动边缘计算(Mobile Edge Computing,MEC)系统中引入多输入多输出(Multiple Input Multiple Output,MIMO)技术与数据压缩技术,能够降低数据冗余度和提高数据传输速率,从而降低任务的执行时延与能耗。

针对具备数据压缩功能的多用户MIMO-MEC网络,研究了多用户任务卸载问题。

通过联合优化任务卸载比例、数据压缩比例、发送功率、计算频率和信道带宽,来最小化系统总时延。

在能耗、功率和带宽等约束条件下,将任务卸载归纳为一个非凸优化问题。

由于能耗约束较为复杂,构造罚函数将其归并,得到一个相对简单的等价问题。

将所有优化变量视为一个粒子,基于自适应粒子群优化(Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization,APSO)框架提出多用户的任务卸载方法。

由于粒子更新时可能违反约束条件,提出的方法对粒子越界的情形进行了特别处理。

该方法能自适应地调整惯性权重来提高寻优能力和收敛性,通过不断迭代最终获得最优或者次优解。

仿真实验评估了所提卸载方法的性能,分析了用户数、任务计算强度等参数对系统性能的影响。

结果表明,提出的方法优于本地计算、传统粒子群优化(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)算法等对比方案,能够有效降低系统的任务执行时延。

【总页数】8页(P711-718)【作者】顾敏;徐雅男;王辛迪;花敏;周雯【作者单位】南京林业大学信息科学技术学院;安徽大学互联网学院【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TN929.5;TP18【相关文献】1.基于延迟接受的多用户任务卸载策略2.基于稳定匹配的多用户任务卸载策略3.基于深度强化学习多用户移动边缘计算轻量任务卸载优化4.基于深度强化学习的多用户边缘计算任务卸载调度与资源分配算法5.基于博弈论的多服务器多用户视频分析任务卸载算法因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

js07-期刊引证报告自科版2017(sci_jcr指标与分区)

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POJ题目分类

1000 A+B Problem 送分题1001 Exponentiation 高精度1003 Hangover 送分题1004 Financial Management 送分题1005 I Think I Need a Houseboat 几何1006 Biorhythms 送分题1007 DNA Sorting 送分题1008 Maya Calendar 日期处理1010 STAMPS 搜索＋DP1011 Sticks 搜索1012 Joseph 模拟/数学方法1014 Dividing 数论/DP?/组合数学->母函数?1015 Jury Compromise DP1016 Numbers That Count 送分题1017 Packets 贪心1018 Communication System 贪心1019 Number Sequence 送分题1020 Anniversary Cake 搜索1023 The Fun Number System 数论1025 Department 模拟1026 Cipher 组合数学1027 The Same Game 模拟1028 Web Navigation 送分题1031 Fence 计算几何1034 The dog task 计算几何1037 A decorative fence DP/组合数学1039 Pipe 几何1042 Gone Fishing 贪心/DP1045 Bode Plot 送分题(用物理知识)1046 Color Me Less 送分题1047 Round and Round We Go 高精度1048 Follow My Logic 模拟1049 Microprocessor Simulation 模拟1050 To the Max DP1053 Set Me 送分题1054 The Troublesome Frog 搜索1060 Modular multiplication of polynomials 高精度1061 青蛙的约会数论1062 昂贵的聘礼DP1064 Cable master DP/二分查找1065 Wooden Sticks DP1067 取石子游戏博弈论1068 Parencodings 送分题1069 The Bermuda Triangle 搜索1070 Deformed Wheel 几何1071 Illusive Chase 送分题1072 Puzzle Out 搜索1073 The Willy Memorial Program 模拟1074 Parallel Expectations DP1075 University Entrance Examination 模拟1080 Human Gene Functions DP->LCS变形1082 Calendar Game 博弈论1084 Square Destroyer 搜索？1085 Triangle War 博弈论1086 Unscrambling Images 模拟?1087 A Plug for UNIX 图论->最大流1088 滑雪DFS/DP1090 Chain ->格雷码和二进制码的转换1091 跳蚤数论1092 Farmland 几何1093 Formatting Text DP1094 Sorting It All Out 图论->拓扑排序1095 Trees Made to Order 组合数学1096 Space Station Shielding 送分题1097 Roads Scholar 图论1098 Robots 模拟1099 Square Ice 送分题1100 Dreisam Equations 搜索1101 The Game 搜索->BFS1102 LC-Display 送分题1103 Maze 模拟1104 Robbery 递推1106 Transmitters 几何1107 W's Cipher 送分题1110 Double Vision 搜索1111 Image Perimeters 搜索1112 Team Them Up! DP1113 Wall 计算几何->convex hull1119 Start Up the Startup 送分题1120 A New Growth Industry 模拟1122 FDNY to the Rescue! 图论->Dijkstra 1125 Stockbroker Grapevine 图论->Dijkstra 1128 Frame Stacking 搜索1129 Channel Allocation 搜索（图的最大独立集）1131 Octal Fractions 高精度1135 Domino Effect 图论->Dijkstra1137 The New Villa 搜索->BFS1141 Brackets Sequence DP1142 Smith Numbers 搜索1143 Number Game 博弈论1147 Binary codes 构造1148 Utopia Divided 构造1149 PIGS 图论->网络流1151 Atlantis 计算几何->同等安置矩形的并的面积->离散化1152 An Easy Problem! 数论1157 LITTLE SHOP OF FLOWERS DP1158 TRAFFIC LIGHTS 图论->Dijkstra变形1159 Palindrome DP->LCS1160 Post Office DP1161 Walls 图论1162 Building with Blocks 搜索1163 The Triangle DP1170 Shopping Offers DP1177 Picture 计算几何->同等安置矩形的并的周长->线段树1179 Polygon DP1180 Batch Scheduling DP1182 食物链数据结构->并查集1183 反正切函数的应用搜索1184 聪明的打字员搜索1185 炮兵阵地DP->数据压缩1187 陨石的秘密DP（BalkanOI99 Par的拓展）1189 钉子和小球递推?1190 生日蛋糕搜索/DP1191 棋盘分割DP1192 最优连通子集图论->无负权回路的有向图的最长路->BellmanFord 1193 内存分配模拟1194 HIDDEN CODES 搜索+DP1197 Depot 数据结构->Young T ableau1201 Intervals 贪心/图论->最长路->差分约束系统1202 Family 高精度1209 Calendar 日期处理1217 FOUR QUARTERS 递推1218 THE DRUNK JAILER 送分题1233 Street Crossing 搜索->BFS1245 Programmer, Rank Thyself 送分题1247 Magnificent Meatballs 送分题1248 Safecracker 搜索1250 T anning Salon 送分题1251 Jungle Roads 图论->最小生成树1271 Nice Milk 计算几何1273 Drainage Ditches 图论->最大流1274 The Perfect Stall 图论->二分图的最大匹配1275 Cashier Employment 图论->差分约束系统->无负权回路的有向图的最长路->Bellman-Ford1280 Game 递推1281 MANAGER 模拟1286 Necklace of Beads 组合数学->Polya定理1288 Sly Number 数论->解模线性方程组1293 Duty Free Shop DP1298 The Hardest Problem Ever 送分题1316 Self Numbers 递推同Humble Number一样1322 Chocolate 递推/组合数学1323 Game Prediction 贪心1324 Holedox Moving BFS+压缩储存1325 Machine Schedule 图论->二分图的最大匹配1326 Mileage Bank 送分题1327 Moving Object Recognition 模拟?1328 Radar Installation 贪心（差分约束系统的特例）1338 Ugly Numbers 递推(有O(n)算法)1364 King 图论->无负权回路的有向图的最长路->BellmanFord1370 Gossiping (数论->模线性方程有无解的判断)+(图论->DFS)2184 Cow Exhibition DP2190 ISBN 送分题2191 Mersenne Composite Numbers 数论2192 Zipper DP->LCS变形2193 Lenny's Lucky Lotto Lists DP2194 Stacking Cylinders 几何2195 Going Home 图论->二分图的最大权匹配2196 Specialized Four-Digit Numbers 送分题2197 Jill's Tour Paths 图论->2199 Rate of Return 高精度2200 A Card Trick 模拟2210 Metric Time 日期处理2239 Selecting Courses 图论->二分图的最大匹配2243 Knight Moves 搜索->BFS2247 Humble Numbers 递推(最优O(n)算法)2253 Frogger 图论->Dijkstra变形(和1295是一样的)2254 Globetrotter 几何2261 France '98 递推2275 Flipping Pancake 构造2284 That Nice Euler Circuit 计算几何2289 Jamie's Contact Groups 图论->网络流?2291 Rotten Ropes 送分题2292 Optimal Keypad DP2299 Ultra-QuickSort 排序->归并排序2304 Combination Lock 送分题2309 BST 送分题2311 Cutting Game 博弈论2312 Battle City 搜索->BFS2314 POJ language 模拟2315 Football Game 几何2346 Lucky tickets 组合数学2351 Time Zones 时间处理2379 ACM Rank T able 模拟+排序2381 Random Gap 数论2385 Apple Catching DP(像NOI98“免费馅饼”)2388 Who's in the Middle 送分题(排序)2390 Bank Interest 送分题2395 Out of Hay 图论->Dijkstra变形2400 Supervisor, Supervisee 图论->二分图的最大权匹配?2403 Hay Points 送分题2409 Let it Bead 组合数学->Polya定理2416 Return of the Jedi 图论->2417 Discrete Logging 数论2418 Hardwood Species 二分查找2419 Forests 枚举2421 Constructing Roads 图论->最小生成树2423 The Parallel Challenge Ballgame 几何2424 Flo's Restaurant 数据结构->堆2425 A Chess Game 博弈论2426 Remainder BFS2430 Lazy Cows DP->数据压缩1375 Intervals 几何1379 Run Away 计算几何->1380 Equipment Box 几何1383 Labyrinth 图论->树的最长路1394 Railroad 图论->Dijkstra1395 Cog-Wheels 数学->解正系数的线性方程组1408 Fishnet 几何1411 Calling Extraterrestrial Intelligence Again 送分题1430 Binary Stirling Numbers 日期处理1431 Calendar of Maya 模拟1432 Decoding Morse Sequences DP1434 Fill the Cisterns! 计算几何->离散化/1445 Random number 数据结构->碓1447 Ambiguous Dates 日期处理1450 Gridland 图论(本来TSP问题是NP难的，但这个图比较特殊，由现成的构造方法)1458 Common Subsequence DP->LCS1459 Power Network 图论->最大流1462 Random Walk 模拟+解线性方程组1463 Strategic game 贪心1466 Girls and Boys 图论->n/a1469 COURSES 贪心1475 Pushing Boxes DP1476 Always On the Run 搜索->BFS1480 Optimal Programs 搜索->BFS1481 The Die Is Cast 送分题1482 It's not a Bug, It's a Feature! 搜索->BFS1483 Going in Circles on Alpha Centauri 模拟1484 Blowing Fuses 送分题1485 Fast Food DP(似乎就是ioi2000的postoffice)1486 Sorting Slides 图论->拓扑排序1505 Copying Books DP+二分查找1510 Hares and Foxes 数论1512 Keeps Going and Going and ... 模拟1513 Scheduling Lectures DP1514 Metal Cutting 几何1515 Street Directions 图论->把一个无向连通图改造成为有向强连通图1517 u Calculate e 送分题1518 Problem Bee 几何1519 Digital Roots 送分题(位数可能很大)1520 Scramble Sort 排序1547 Clay Bully 送分题1555 Polynomial Showdown 送分题(非常阴险)1563 The Snail 送分题1601 Pizza Anyone? 搜索1604 Just the Facts 送分题1605 Horse Shoe Scoring 几何1606 Jugs 数论/搜索1631 Bridging signals DP+二分查找1632 Vase collection 图论->最大完全图1633 Gladiators DP1634 Who's the boss? 排序1635 Subway tree systems 图论->不同表示法的二叉树判同1637 Sightseeing tour 图论->欧拉回路1638 A number game 博弈论1639 Picnic Planning 图论->1641 Rational Approximation 数论1646 Double Trouble 高精度1654 Area 几何1657 Distance on Chessboard 送分题1658 Eva's Problem 送分题1660 Princess FroG 构造1661 Help Jimmy DP1663 Number Steps 送分题1664 放苹果组合数学->递推1677 Girls' Day 送分题1688 Dolphin Pool 计算几何1690 (Your)((Term)((Project))) 送分题1691 Painting A Board 搜索/DP1692 Crossed Matchings DP1693 Counting Rectangles 几何1694 An Old Stone Game 博弈论?1695 Magazine Delivery 图论->1712 Flying Stars DP1713 Divide et unita 搜索1714 The Cave 搜索/DP1717 Dominoes DP1718 River Crossing DP1719 Shooting Contest 贪心1729 Jack and Jill 图论->1730 Perfect Pth Powers 数论1732 Phone numbers DP1734 Sightseeing trip 图论->Euler回路1738 An old Stone Game 博弈论?1741 Tree 博弈论?1745 Divisibility DP1751 Highways 图论->1752 Advertisement 贪心/图论->差分约束系统1753 Flip Game 搜索->BFS1755 Triathlon 计算几何?1770 Special Experiment 树形DP1771 Elevator Stopping Plan DP1772 New Go Game 构造?1773 Outernet 模拟1774 Fold Paper Strips 几何1775 Sum of Factorials 送分题1776 T ask Sequences DP1777 Vivian's Problem 数论1870 Bee Breeding 送分题1871 Bullet Hole 几何1872 A Dicey Problem BFS1873 The Fortified Forest 几何+回溯1874 Trade on Verweggistan DP1875 Robot 几何1876 The Letter Carrier's Rounds 模拟1877 Flooded! 数据结构->堆1879 Tempus et mobilius Time and motion 模拟+组合数学->Polya定理1882 Stamps 搜索+DP1883 Theseus and the Minotaur 模拟1887 Testing the CATCHER DP1889 Package Pricing DP1893 Monitoring Wheelchair Patients 模拟+几何1915 Knight Moves 搜索->BFS1916 Rat Attack 数据结构->?1936 All in All DP?1946 Cow Cycling DP1947 Rebuilding Roads 二分1985 Cow Marathon 图论->有向无环图的最长路1995 Raising Modulo Numbers 数论->大数的幂求余2049 Finding Nemo 图论->最短路2050 Searching the Web 模拟(需要高效实现)2051 Argus 送分题(最好用堆，不用也可以过)2054 Color a Tree 贪心2061 Pseudo-random Numbers 数论2080 Calendar 日期处理2082 Terrible Sets 分治/2083 Fractal 递归2084 Game of Connections 递推(不必高精度)2105 IP Address 送分题2115 C Looooops 数论->解模线性方程2136 Vertical Histogram 送分题2165 Gunman 计算几何2179 Inlay Cutters 枚举2181 Jumping Cows 递推2182 Lost Cows ->线段树/＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝1370 Gossiping (数论->模线性方程有无解的判断)+(图论->DFS)1090 Chain ->格雷码和二进制码的转换2182 Lost Cows ->线段树/2426 Remainder BFS1872 A Dicey Problem BFS1324 Holedox Moving BFS+压缩储存1088 滑雪DFS/DP1015 Jury Compromise DP1050 To the Max DP1062 昂贵的聘礼DP1065 Wooden Sticks DP1074 Parallel Expectations DP1093 Formatting Text DP1112 Team Them Up! DP1141 Brackets Sequence DP1157 LITTLE SHOP OF FLOWERS DP1160 Post Office DP1163 The Triangle DP1170 Shopping Offers DP1179 Polygon DP1180 Batch Scheduling DP1191 棋盘分割DP1293 Duty Free Shop DP2184 Cow Exhibition DP2193 Lenny's Lucky Lotto Lists DP2292 Optimal Keypad DP1432 Decoding Morse Sequences DP1475 Pushing Boxes DP1513 Scheduling Lectures DP1633 Gladiators DP1661 Help Jimmy DP1692 Crossed Matchings DP1712 Flying Stars DP1717 Dominoes DP1718 River Crossing DP1732 Phone numbers DP1745 Divisibility DP1771 Elevator Stopping Plan DP1776 T ask Sequences DP1874 Trade on Verweggistan DP1887 Testing the CATCHER DP1889 Package Pricing DP1946 Cow Cycling DP1187 陨石的秘密DP（BalkanOI99 Par的拓展）1485 Fast Food DP(似乎就是ioi2000的postoffice) 2385 Apple Catching DP(像NOI98“免费馅饼”) 1064 Cable master DP/二分查找1037 A decorative fence DP/组合数学1936 All in All DP?1505 Copying Books DP+二分查找1631 Bridging signals DP+二分查找1159 Palindrome DP->LCS1458 Common Subsequence DP->LCS1080 Human Gene Functions DP->LCS变形2192 Zipper DP->LCS变形1185 炮兵阵地DP->数据压缩2430 Lazy Cows DP->数据压缩1067 取石子游戏博弈论1082 Calendar Game 博弈论1085 Triangle War 博弈论1143 Number Game 博弈论2311 Cutting Game 博弈论2425 A Chess Game 博弈论1638 A number game 博弈论1694 An Old Stone Game 博弈论?1738 An old Stone Game 博弈论?1741 Tree 博弈论?2083 Fractal 递归1104 Robbery 递推1217 FOUR QUARTERS 递推1280 Game 递推2261 France '98 递推2181 Jumping Cows 递推1316 Self Numbers 递推同Humble Number一样2084 Game of Connections 递推(不必高精度) 1338 Ugly Numbers 递推(有O(n)算法)2247 Humble Numbers 递推(最优O(n)算法)1322 Chocolate 递推/组合数学1189 钉子和小球递推?1947 Rebuilding Roads 二分2418 Hardwood Species 二分查找2082 Terrible Sets 分治/1001 Exponentiation 高精度1047 Round and Round We Go 高精度1060 Modular multiplication of polynomials 高精度1131 Octal Fractions 高精度1202 Family 高精度2199 Rate of Return 高精度1646 Double Trouble 高精度1147 Binary codes 构造1148 Utopia Divided 构造2275 Flipping Pancake 构造1660 Princess FroG 构造1772 New Go Game 构造?1005 I Think I Need a Houseboat 几何1039 Pipe 几何1070 Deformed Wheel 几何1092 Farmland 几何1106 Transmitters 几何2194 Stacking Cylinders 几何2254 Globetrotter 几何2315 Football Game 几何2423 The Parallel Challenge Ballgame 几何1375 Intervals 几何1380 Equipment Box 几何1408 Fishnet 几何1514 Metal Cutting 几何1518 Problem Bee 几何1605 Horse Shoe Scoring 几何1654 Area 几何1693 Counting Rectangles 几何1774 Fold Paper Strips 几何1871 Bullet Hole 几何1875 Robot 几何1873 The Fortified Forest 几何+回溯1031 Fence 计算几何1034 The dog task 计算几何1271 Nice Milk 计算几何2284 That Nice Euler Circuit 计算几何1688 Dolphin Pool 计算几何2165 Gunman 计算几何1755 Triathlon 计算几何?1379 Run Away 计算几何->1113 Wall 计算几何->convex hull1434 Fill the Cisterns! 计算几何->离散化/1151 Atlantis 计算几何->同等安置矩形的并的面积->离散化1177 Picture 计算几何->同等安置矩形的并的周长->线段树2419 Forests 枚举2179 Inlay Cutters 枚举1025 Department 模拟1027 The Same Game 模拟1048 Follow My Logic 模拟1049 Microprocessor Simulation 模拟1073 The Willy Memorial Program 模拟1075 University Entrance Examination 模拟1098 Robots 模拟1103 Maze 模拟1120 A New Growth Industry 模拟1193 内存分配模拟1281 MANAGER 模拟2200 A Card Trick 模拟2314 POJ language 模拟1431 Calendar of Maya 模拟1483 Going in Circles on Alpha Centauri 模拟1512 Keeps Going and Going and ... 模拟1773 Outernet 模拟1876 The Letter Carrier's Rounds 模拟1883 Theseus and the Minotaur 模拟2050 Searching the Web 模拟(需要高效实现)1012 Joseph 模拟/数学方法1086 Unscrambling Images 模拟?1327 Moving Object Recognition 模拟?1893 Monitoring Wheelchair Patients 模拟+几何1462 Random Walk 模拟+解线性方程组2379 ACM Rank T able 模拟+排序1879 Tempus et mobilius Time and motion 模拟+组合数学->Polya定理1520 Scramble Sort 排序1634 Who's the boss? 排序2299 Ultra-QuickSort 排序->归并排序1008 Maya Calendar 日期处理1209 Calendar 日期处理2210 Metric Time 日期处理1430 Binary Stirling Numbers 日期处理1447 Ambiguous Dates 日期处理2080 Calendar 日期处理2351 Time Zones 时间处理1770 Special Experiment 树形DP1916 Rat Attack 数据结构->?1197 Depot 数据结构->Young T ableau1182 食物链数据结构->并查集2424 Flo's Restaurant 数据结构->堆1877 Flooded! 数据结构->堆1445 Random number 数据结构->碓1023 The Fun Number System 数论1061 青蛙的约会数论1091 跳蚤数论1152 An Easy Problem! 数论2191 Mersenne Composite Numbers 数论2381 Random Gap 数论2417 Discrete Logging 数论1510 Hares and Foxes 数论1641 Rational Approximation 数论1730 Perfect Pth Powers 数论1777 Vivian's Problem 数论2061 Pseudo-random Numbers 数论1014 Dividing 数论/DP?/组合数学->母函数?1606 Jugs 数论/搜索1995 Raising Modulo Numbers 数论->大数的幂求余2115 C Looooops 数论->解模线性方程1288 Sly Number 数论->解模线性方程组1395 Cog-Wheels 数学->解正系数的线性方程组1000 A+B Problem 送分题1003 Hangover 送分题1004 Financial Management 送分题1006 Biorhythms 送分题1007 DNA Sorting 送分题1016 Numbers That Count 送分题1019 Number Sequence 送分题1028 Web Navigation 送分题1046 Color Me Less 送分题1053 Set Me 送分题1068 Parencodings 送分题1071 Illusive Chase 送分题1096 Space Station Shielding 送分题1099 Square Ice 送分题1102 LC-Display 送分题1107 W's Cipher 送分题1119 Start Up the Startup 送分题1218 THE DRUNK JAILER 送分题1245 Programmer, Rank Thyself 送分题1247 Magnificent Meatballs 送分题1250 T anning Salon 送分题1298 The Hardest Problem Ever 送分题1326 Mileage Bank 送分题2190 ISBN 送分题2196 Specialized Four-Digit Numbers 送分题2291 Rotten Ropes 送分题2304 Combination Lock 送分题2309 BST 送分题2390 Bank Interest 送分题2403 Hay Points 送分题1411 Calling Extraterrestrial Intelligence Again 送分题1481 The Die Is Cast 送分题1484 Blowing Fuses 送分题1517 u Calculate e 送分题1547 Clay Bully 送分题1563 The Snail 送分题1604 Just the Facts 送分题1657 Distance on Chessboard 送分题1658 Eva's Problem 送分题1663 Number Steps 送分题1677 Girls' Day 送分题1690 (Your)((Term)((Project))) 送分题1775 Sum of Factorials 送分题1870 Bee Breeding 送分题2105 IP Address 送分题2136 Vertical Histogram 送分题1555 Polynomial Showdown 送分题(非常阴险) 2388 Who's in the Middle 送分题(排序)1519 Digital Roots 送分题(位数可能很大)1045 Bode Plot 送分题(用物理知识)2051 Argus 送分题(最好用堆，不用也可以过) 1011 Sticks 搜索1020 Anniversary Cake 搜索1054 The Troublesome Frog 搜索1069 The Bermuda Triangle 搜索1072 Puzzle Out 搜索1100 Dreisam Equations 搜索1110 Double Vision 搜索1111 Image Perimeters 搜索1128 Frame Stacking 搜索1142 Smith Numbers 搜索1162 Building with Blocks 搜索1183 反正切函数的应用搜索1184 聪明的打字员搜索1248 Safecracker 搜索1601 Pizza Anyone? 搜索1713 Divide et unita 搜索1129 Channel Allocation 搜索（图的最大独立集）1190 生日蛋糕搜索/DP1691 Painting A Board 搜索/DP1714 The Cave 搜索/DP1084 Square Destroyer 搜索？1010 STAMPS 搜索＋DP1194 HIDDEN CODES 搜索+DP1882 Stamps 搜索+DP1101 The Game 搜索->BFS1137 The New Villa 搜索->BFS1233 Street Crossing 搜索->BFS2243 Knight Moves 搜索->BFS2312 Battle City 搜索->BFS1476 Always On the Run 搜索->BFS1480 Optimal Programs 搜索->BFS1482 It's not a Bug, It's a Feature! 搜索->BFS 1753 Flip Game 搜索->BFS1915 Knight Moves 搜索->BFS1017 Packets 贪心1018 Communication System 贪心1323 Game Prediction 贪心1463 Strategic game 贪心1469 COURSES 贪心1719 Shooting Contest 贪心2054 Color a Tree 贪心1328 Radar Installation 贪心（差分约束系统的特例）1042 Gone Fishing 贪心/DP1752 Advertisement 贪心/图论->差分约束系统1201 Intervals 贪心/图论->最长路->差分约束系统1097 Roads Scholar 图论1161 Walls 图论1450 Gridland 图论(本来TSP问题是NP难的，但这个图比较特殊，由现成的构造方法)2197 Jill's Tour Paths 图论->2416 Return of the Jedi 图论->1639 Picnic Planning 图论->1695 Magazine Delivery 图论->1729 Jack and Jill 图论->1751 Highways 图论->1122 FDNY to the Rescue! 图论->Dijkstra1125 Stockbroker Grapevine 图论->Dijkstra1135 Domino Effect 图论->Dijkstra1394 Railroad 图论->Dijkstra1158 TRAFFIC LIGHTS 图论->Dijkstra变形2395 Out of Hay 图论->Dijkstra变形2253 Frogger 图论->Dijkstra变形(和1295是一样的)1734 Sightseeing trip 图论->Euler回路1466 Girls and Boys 图论->n/a1515 Street Directions 图论->把一个无向连通图改造成为有向强连通图1635 Subway tree systems 图论->不同表示法的二叉树判同1275 Cashier Employment 图论->差分约束系统->无负权回路的有向图的最长路->Bellman-Ford1274 The Perfect Stall 图论->二分图的最大匹配1325 Machine Schedule 图论->二分图的最大匹配2239 Selecting Courses 图论->二分图的最大匹配2195 Going Home 图论->二分图的最大权匹配2400 Supervisor, Supervisee 图论->二分图的最大权匹配?1637 Sightseeing tour 图论->欧拉回路1383 Labyrinth 图论->树的最长路1094 Sorting It All Out 图论->拓扑排序1486 Sorting Slides 图论->拓扑排序1149 PIGS 图论->网络流2289 Jamie's Contact Groups 图论->网络流?1192 最优连通子集图论->无负权回路的有向图的最长路->BellmanFord 1364 King 图论->无负权回路的有向图的最长路->BellmanFord1985 Cow Marathon 图论->有向无环图的最长路1087 A Plug for UNIX 图论->最大流1273 Drainage Ditches 图论->最大流1459 Power Network 图论->最大流1632 Vase collection 图论->最大完全图2049 Finding Nemo 图论->最短路1251 Jungle Roads 图论->最小生成树2421 Constructing Roads 图论->最小生成树1026 Cipher 组合数学1095 Trees Made to Order 组合数学2346 Lucky tickets 组合数学1286 Necklace of Beads 组合数学->Polya定理2409 Let it Bead 组合数学->Polya定理1664 放苹果组合数学->递推。

四大安全会议论文题目

2009and2010Papers:Big-4Security ConferencespvoOctober13,2010NDSS20091.Document Structure Integrity:A Robust Basis for Cross-site Scripting Defense.Y.Nadji,P.Saxena,D.Song2.An Eﬃcient Black-box Technique for Defeating Web Application Attacks.R.Sekar3.Noncespaces:Using Randomization to Enforce Information Flow Tracking and Thwart Cross-Site Scripting Attacks.M.Van Gundy,H.Chen4.The Blind Stone Tablet:Outsourcing Durability to Untrusted Parties.P.Williams,R.Sion,D.Shasha5.Two-Party Computation Model for Privacy-Preserving Queries over Distributed Databases.S.S.M.Chow,J.-H.Lee,L.Subramanian6.SybilInfer:Detecting Sybil Nodes using Social Networks.G.Danezis,P.Mittal7.Spectrogram:A Mixture-of-Markov-Chains Model for Anomaly Detection in Web Traﬃc.Yingbo Song,Angelos D.Keromytis,Salvatore J.Stolfo8.Detecting Forged TCP Reset Packets.Nicholas Weaver,Robin Sommer,Vern Paxson9.Coordinated Scan Detection.Carrie Gates10.RB-Seeker:Auto-detection of Redirection Botnets.Xin Hu,Matthew Knysz,Kang G.Shin11.Scalable,Behavior-Based Malware Clustering.Ulrich Bayer,Paolo Milani Comparetti,Clemens Hlauschek,Christopher Kruegel,Engin Kirda12.K-Tracer:A System for Extracting Kernel Malware Behavior.Andrea Lanzi,Monirul I.Sharif,Wenke Lee13.RAINBOW:A Robust And Invisible Non-Blind Watermark for Network Flows.Amir Houmansadr,Negar Kiyavash,Nikita Borisov14.Traﬃc Morphing:An Eﬃcient Defense Against Statistical Traﬃc Analysis.Charles V.Wright,Scott E.Coull,Fabian Monrose15.Recursive DNS Architectures and Vulnerability Implications.David Dagon,Manos Antonakakis,Kevin Day,Xiapu Luo,Christopher P.Lee,Wenke Lee16.Analyzing and Comparing the Protection Quality of Security Enhanced Operating Systems.Hong Chen,Ninghui Li,Ziqing Mao17.IntScope:Automatically Detecting Integer Overﬂow Vulnerability in X86Binary Using Symbolic Execution.Tielei Wang,Tao Wei,Zhiqiang Lin,Wei Zou18.Safe Passage for Passwords and Other Sensitive Data.Jonathan M.McCune,Adrian Perrig,Michael K.Reiter19.Conditioned-safe Ceremonies and a User Study of an Application to Web Authentication.Chris Karlof,J.Doug Tygar,David Wagner20.CSAR:A Practical and Provable Technique to Make Randomized Systems Accountable.Michael Backes,Peter Druschel,Andreas Haeberlen,Dominique UnruhOakland20091.Wirelessly Pickpocketing a Mifare Classic Card.(Best Practical Paper Award)Flavio D.Garcia,Peter van Rossum,Roel Verdult,Ronny Wichers Schreur2.Plaintext Recovery Attacks Against SSH.Martin R.Albrecht,Kenneth G.Paterson,Gaven J.Watson3.Exploiting Unix File-System Races via Algorithmic Complexity Attacks.Xiang Cai,Yuwei Gui,Rob Johnson4.Practical Mitigations for Timing-Based Side-Channel Attacks on Modern x86Processors.Bart Coppens,Ingrid Verbauwhede,Bjorn De Sutter,Koen De Bosschere5.Non-Interference for a Practical DIFC-Based Operating System.Maxwell Krohn,Eran Tromer6.Native Client:A Sandbox for Portable,Untrusted x86Native Code.(Best Paper Award)B.Yee,D.Sehr,G.Dardyk,B.Chen,R.Muth,T.Ormandy,S.Okasaka,N.Narula,N.Fullagar7.Automatic Reverse Engineering of Malware Emulators.(Best Student Paper Award)Monirul Sharif,Andrea Lanzi,Jonathon Giﬃn,Wenke Lee8.Prospex:Protocol Speciﬁcation Extraction.Paolo Milani Comparetti,Gilbert Wondracek,Christopher Kruegel,Engin Kirda9.Quantifying Information Leaks in Outbound Web Traﬃc.Kevin Borders,Atul Prakash10.Automatic Discovery and Quantiﬁcation of Information Leaks.Michael Backes,Boris Kopf,Andrey Rybalchenko11.CLAMP:Practical Prevention of Large-Scale Data Leaks.Bryan Parno,Jonathan M.McCune,Dan Wendlandt,David G.Andersen,Adrian Perrig12.De-anonymizing Social Networks.Arvind Narayanan,Vitaly Shmatikov13.Privacy Weaknesses in Biometric Sketches.Koen Simoens,Pim Tuyls,Bart Preneel14.The Mastermind Attack on Genomic Data.Michael T.Goodrich15.A Logic of Secure Systems and its Application to Trusted Computing.Anupam Datta,Jason Franklin,Deepak Garg,Dilsun Kaynar16.Formally Certifying the Security of Digital Signature Schemes.Santiago Zanella-Beguelin,Gilles Barthe,Benjamin Gregoire,Federico Olmedo17.An Epistemic Approach to Coercion-Resistance for Electronic Voting Protocols.Ralf Kuesters,Tomasz Truderung18.Sphinx:A Compact and Provably Secure Mix Format.George Danezis,Ian Goldberg19.DSybil:Optimal Sybil-Resistance for Recommendation Systems.Haifeng Yu,Chenwei Shi,Michael Kaminsky,Phillip B.Gibbons,Feng Xiao20.Fingerprinting Blank Paper Using Commodity Scanners.William Clarkson,Tim Weyrich,Adam Finkelstein,Nadia Heninger,Alex Halderman,Ed Felten 21.Tempest in a Teapot:Compromising Reﬂections Revisited.Michael Backes,Tongbo Chen,Markus Duermuth,Hendrik P.A.Lensch,Martin Welk22.Blueprint:Robust Prevention of Cross-site Scripting Attacks for Existing Browsers.Mike Ter Louw,V.N.Venkatakrishnan23.Pretty-Bad-Proxy:An Overlooked Adversary in Browsers’HTTPS Deployments.Shuo Chen,Ziqing Mao,Yi-Min Wang,Ming Zhang24.Secure Content Sniﬃng for Web Browsers,or How to Stop Papers from Reviewing Themselves.Adam Barth,Juan Caballero,Dawn Song25.It’s No Secret:Measuring the Security and Reliability of Authentication via’Secret’Questions.Stuart Schechter,A.J.Bernheim Brush,Serge Egelman26.Password Cracking Using Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars.Matt Weir,Sudhir Aggarwal,Bill Glodek,Breno de MedeirosUSENIX Security2009promising Electromagnetic Emanations of Wired and Wireless Keyboards.(Outstanding Student Paper)Martin Vuagnoux,Sylvain Pasini2.Peeping Tom in the Neighborhood:Keystroke Eavesdropping on Multi-User Systems.Kehuan Zhang,XiaoFeng Wang3.A Practical Congestion Attack on Tor Using Long Paths,Nathan S.Evans,Roger Dingledine,Christian Grothoﬀ4.Baggy Bounds Checking:An Eﬃcient and Backwards-Compatible Defense against Out-of-Bounds Errors.Periklis Akritidis,Manuel Costa,Miguel Castro,Steven Hand5.Dynamic Test Generation to Find Integer Bugs in x86Binary Linux Programs.David Molnar,Xue Cong Li,David A.Wagner6.NOZZLE:A Defense Against Heap-spraying Code Injection Attacks.Paruj Ratanaworabhan,Benjamin Livshits,Benjamin Zorn7.Detecting Spammers with SNARE:Spatio-temporal Network-level Automatic Reputation Engine.Shuang Hao,Nadeem Ahmed Syed,Nick Feamster,Alexander G.Gray,Sven Krasser8.Improving Tor using a TCP-over-DTLS Tunnel.Joel Reardon,Ian Goldberg9.Locating Preﬁx Hijackers using LOCK.Tongqing Qiu,Lusheng Ji,Dan Pei,Jia Wang,Jun(Jim)Xu,Hitesh Ballani10.GATEKEEPER:Mostly Static Enforcement of Security and Reliability Policies for JavaScript Code.Salvatore Guarnieri,Benjamin Livshits11.Cross-Origin JavaScript Capability Leaks:Detection,Exploitation,and Defense.Adam Barth,Joel Weinberger,Dawn Song12.Memory Safety for Low-Level Software/Hardware Interactions.John Criswell,Nicolas Geoﬀray,Vikram Adve13.Physical-layer Identiﬁcation of RFID Devices.Boris Danev,Thomas S.Heydt-Benjamin,Srdjan CapkunCP:Secure Remote Storage for Computational RFIDs.Mastooreh Salajegheh,Shane Clark,Benjamin Ransford,Kevin Fu,Ari Juels15.Jamming-resistant Broadcast Communication without Shared Keys.Christina Popper,Mario Strasser,Srdjan Capkun16.xBook:Redesigning Privacy Control in Social Networking Platforms.Kapil Singh,Sumeer Bhola,Wenke Lee17.Nemesis:Preventing Authentication and Access Control Vulnerabilities in Web Applications.Michael Dalton,Christos Kozyrakis,Nickolai Zeldovich18.Static Enforcement of Web Application Integrity Through Strong Typing.William Robertson,Giovanni Vigna19.Vanish:Increasing Data Privacy with Self-Destructing Data.(Outstanding Student Paper)Roxana Geambasu,Tadayoshi Kohno,Amit A.Levy,Henry M.Levy20.Eﬃcient Data Structures for Tamper-Evident Logging.Scott A.Crosby,Dan S.Wallach21.VPriv:Protecting Privacy in Location-Based Vehicular Services.Raluca Ada Popa,Hari Balakrishnan,Andrew J.Blumberg22.Eﬀective and Eﬃcient Malware Detection at the End Host.Clemens Kolbitsch,Paolo Milani Comparetti,Christopher Kruegel,Engin Kirda,Xiaoyong Zhou,XiaoFeng Wang 23.Protecting Conﬁdential Data on Personal Computers with Storage Capsules.Kevin Borders,Eric Vander Weele,Billy Lau,Atul Prakash24.Return-Oriented Rootkits:Bypassing Kernel Code Integrity Protection Mechanisms.Ralf Hund,Thorsten Holz,Felix C.Freiling25.Crying Wolf:An Empirical Study of SSL Warning Eﬀectiveness.Joshua Sunshine,Serge Egelman,Hazim Almuhimedi,Neha Atri,Lorrie Faith Cranor26.The Multi-Principal OS Construction of the Gazelle Web Browser.Helen J.Wang,Chris Grier,Alex Moshchuk,Samuel T.King,Piali Choudhury,Herman VenterACM CCS20091.Attacking cryptographic schemes based on”perturbation polynomials”.Martin Albrecht,Craig Gentry,Shai Halevi,Jonathan Katz2.Filter-resistant code injection on ARM.Yves Younan,Pieter Philippaerts,Frank Piessens,Wouter Joosen,Sven Lachmund,Thomas Walter3.False data injection attacks against state estimation in electric power grids.Yao Liu,Michael K.Reiter,Peng Ning4.EPC RFID tag security weaknesses and defenses:passport cards,enhanced drivers licenses,and beyond.Karl Koscher,Ari Juels,Vjekoslav Brajkovic,Tadayoshi Kohno5.An eﬃcient forward private RFID protocol.Come Berbain,Olivier Billet,Jonathan Etrog,Henri Gilbert6.RFID privacy:relation between two notions,minimal condition,and eﬃcient construction.Changshe Ma,Yingjiu Li,Robert H.Deng,Tieyan Li7.CoSP:a general framework for computational soundness proofs.Michael Backes,Dennis Hofheinz,Dominique Unruh8.Reactive noninterference.Aaron Bohannon,Benjamin C.Pierce,Vilhelm Sjoberg,Stephanie Weirich,Steve Zdancewicputational soundness for key exchange protocols with symmetric encryption.Ralf Kusters,Max Tuengerthal10.A probabilistic approach to hybrid role mining.Mario Frank,Andreas P.Streich,David A.Basin,Joachim M.Buhmann11.Eﬃcient pseudorandom functions from the decisional linear assumption and weaker variants.Allison B.Lewko,Brent Waters12.Improving privacy and security in multi-authority attribute-based encryption.Melissa Chase,Sherman S.M.Chow13.Oblivious transfer with access control.Jan Camenisch,Maria Dubovitskaya,Gregory Neven14.NISAN:network information service for anonymization networks.Andriy Panchenko,Stefan Richter,Arne Rache15.Certiﬁcateless onion routing.Dario Catalano,Dario Fiore,Rosario Gennaro16.ShadowWalker:peer-to-peer anonymous communication using redundant structured topologies.Prateek Mittal,Nikita Borisov17.Ripley:automatically securing web2.0applications through replicated execution.K.Vikram,Abhishek Prateek,V.Benjamin Livshits18.HAIL:a high-availability and integrity layer for cloud storage.Kevin D.Bowers,Ari Juels,Alina Oprea19.Hey,you,get oﬀof my cloud:exploring information leakage in third-party compute clouds.Thomas Ristenpart,Eran Tromer,Hovav Shacham,Stefan Savage20.Dynamic provable data possession.C.Christopher Erway,Alptekin Kupcu,Charalampos Papamanthou,Roberto Tamassia21.On cellular botnets:measuring the impact of malicious devices on a cellular network core.Patrick Traynor,Michael Lin,Machigar Ongtang,Vikhyath Rao,Trent Jaeger,Patrick Drew McDaniel,Thomas Porta 22.On lightweight mobile phone application certiﬁcation.William Enck,Machigar Ongtang,Patrick Drew McDaniel23.SMILE:encounter-based trust for mobile social services.Justin Manweiler,Ryan Scudellari,Landon P.Cox24.Battle of Botcraft:ﬁghting bots in online games with human observational proofs.Steven Gianvecchio,Zhenyu Wu,Mengjun Xie,Haining Wang25.Fides:remote anomaly-based cheat detection using client emulation.Edward C.Kaiser,Wu-chang Feng,Travis Schluessler26.Behavior based software theft detection.Xinran Wang,Yoon-chan Jhi,Sencun Zhu,Peng Liu27.The fable of the bees:incentivizing robust revocation decision making in ad hoc networks.Steﬀen Reidt,Mudhakar Srivatsa,Shane Balfe28.Eﬀective implementation of the cell broadband engineTM isolation loader.Masana Murase,Kanna Shimizu,Wilfred Plouﬀe,Masaharu Sakamoto29.On achieving good operating points on an ROC plane using stochastic anomaly score prediction.Muhammad Qasim Ali,Hassan Khan,Ali Sajjad,Syed Ali Khayam30.On non-cooperative location privacy:a game-theoretic analysis.Julien Freudiger,Mohammad Hossein Manshaei,Jean-Pierre Hubaux,David C.Parkes31.Privacy-preserving genomic computation through program specialization.Rui Wang,XiaoFeng Wang,Zhou Li,Haixu Tang,Michael K.Reiter,Zheng Dong32.Feeling-based location privacy protection for location-based services.Toby Xu,Ying Cai33.Multi-party oﬀ-the-record messaging.Ian Goldberg,Berkant Ustaoglu,Matthew Van Gundy,Hao Chen34.The bayesian traﬃc analysis of mix networks.Carmela Troncoso,George Danezis35.As-awareness in Tor path selection.Matthew Edman,Paul F.Syverson36.Membership-concealing overlay networks.Eugene Y.Vasserman,Rob Jansen,James Tyra,Nicholas Hopper,Yongdae Kim37.On the diﬃculty of software-based attestation of embedded devices.Claude Castelluccia,Aurelien Francillon,Daniele Perito,Claudio Soriente38.Proximity-based access control for implantable medical devices.Kasper Bonne Rasmussen,Claude Castelluccia,Thomas S.Heydt-Benjamin,Srdjan Capkun39.XCS:cross channel 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Multi-Execution.Dominique Devriese,Frank Piessens7.Object Capabilities and Isolation of Untrusted Web Applications.Sergio Maﬀeis,John C.Mitchell,Ankur Taly8.TrustVisor:Eﬃcient TCB Reduction and Attestation.Jonathan McCune,Yanlin Li,Ning Qu,Zongwei Zhou,Anupam Datta,Virgil Gligor,Adrian Perrig9.Overcoming an Untrusted Computing Base:Detecting and Removing Malicious Hardware Automatically.Matthew Hicks,Murph Finnicum,Samuel T.King,Milo M.K.Martin,Jonathan M.Smith10.Tamper Evident Microprocessors.Adam Waksman,Simha Sethumadhavan11.Side-Channel Leaks in Web Applications:a Reality Today,a Challenge Tomorrow.Shuo Chen,Rui Wang,XiaoFeng Wang Kehuan Zhang12.Investigation of Triangular Spamming:a Stealthy and Eﬃcient Spamming Technique.Zhiyun Qian,Z.Morley Mao,Yinglian Xie,Fang Yu13.A Practical Attack to De-Anonymize Social Network Users.Gilbert Wondracek,Thorsten Holz,Engin Kirda,Christopher Kruegel14.SCiFI-A System for Secure Face Identiﬁcation.(Best Paper)Margarita Osadchy,Benny Pinkas,Ayman 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Datta,Arvind Seshadri23.HyperSafe:A Lightweight Approach to Provide Lifetime Hypervisor Control-Flow Integrity.Zhi Wang,Xuxian Jiang24.How Good are Humans at Solving CAPTCHAs?A Large Scale Evaluation.Elie Bursztein,Steven Bethard,John C.Mitchell,Dan Jurafsky,Celine Fabry25.Bootstrapping Trust in Commodity Computers.Bryan Parno,Jonathan M.McCune,Adrian Perrig26.Chip and PIN is Broken.(Best Practical Paper)Steven J.Murdoch,Saar Drimer,Ross Anderson,Mike Bond27.Experimental Security Analysis of a Modern Automobile.K.Koscher,A.Czeskis,F.Roesner,S.Patel,T.Kohno,S.Checkoway,D.McCoy,B.Kantor,D.Anderson,H.Shacham,S.Savage 28.On the Incoherencies in Web Browser Access Control Policies.Kapil Singh,Alexander Moshchuk,Helen J.Wang,Wenke Lee29.ConScript:Specifying and Enforcing Fine-Grained Security Policies for JavaScript in the Browser.Leo Meyerovich,Benjamin Livshits30.TaintScope:A Checksum-Aware Directed Fuzzing Tool for Automatic Software Vulnerability Detection.(Best Student Paper)Tielei 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Network Events and Statistics.Martin Burkhart,Mario Strasser,Dilip Many,Xenofontas Dimitropoulos16.Dude,Where’s That IP?Circumventing Measurement-based IP Geolocation.Phillipa Gill,Yashar Ganjali,Bernard Wong,David Lie17.Idle Port Scanning and Non-interference Analysis of Network Protocol Stacks Using Model Checking.Roya Ensaﬁ,Jong Chun Park,Deepak Kapur,Jedidiah R.Crandall18.Building a Dynamic Reputation System for DNS.Manos Antonakakis,Roberto Perdisci,David Dagon,Wenke Lee,Nick Feamster19.Scantegrity II Municipal Election at Takoma Park:The First E2E Binding Governmental Election with Ballot Privacy.R.Carback,D.Chaum,J.Clark,J.Conway,A.Essex,P.S.Herrnson,T.Mayberry,S.Popoveniuc,R.L.Rivest,E.Shen,A.T.Sherman,P.L.Vora20.Acoustic Side-Channel Attacks on Printers.Michael Backes,Markus Durmuth,Sebastian Gerling,Manfred Pinkal,Caroline Sporleder21.Security and Privacy Vulnerabilities of In-Car Wireless Networks:A Tire Pressure Monitoring System Case Study.Ishtiaq Rouf,Rob Miller,Hossen Mustafa,Travis Taylor,Sangho Oh,Wenyuan Xu,Marco Gruteser,Wade Trappe,Ivan Seskar 22.VEX:Vetting Browser Extensions for Security Vulnerabilities.(Best Paper)Sruthi Bandhakavi,Samuel T.King,P.Madhusudan,Marianne Winslett23.Securing Script-Based Extensibility in Web Browsers.Vladan Djeric,Ashvin Goel24.AdJail:Practical Enforcement of Conﬁdentiality and Integrity Policies on Web Advertisements.Mike Ter Louw,Karthik Thotta Ganesh,V.N.Venkatakrishnan25.Realization of RF Distance Bounding.Kasper Bonne Rasmussen,Srdjan Capkun26.The Case for Ubiquitous Transport-Level Encryption.Andrea Bittau,Michael Hamburg,Mark Handley,David Mazieres,Dan Boneh27.Automatic Generation of Remediation Procedures for Malware Infections.Roberto Paleari,Lorenzo Martignoni,Emanuele Passerini,Drew Davidson,Matt Fredrikson,Jon Giﬃn,Somesh Jha28.Re:CAPTCHAs-Understanding CAPTCHA-Solving Services in an Economic Context.Marti Motoyama,Kirill Levchenko,Chris Kanich,Damon McCoy,Geoﬀrey M.Voelker,Stefan Savage29.Chipping 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nutz

Stochastic Target Games with Controlled Loss ∗
Bruno Bouchard
†
Ludovic Moreau June 28, 2012

§
arXiv:1206.6325v1 [math.OC] 27 Jun 2012
We study a stochastic game where one player tries to ﬁnd a strategy such that the state process reaches a target of controlled-loss-type, no matter which action is chosen by the other player. We provide, in a general setup, a relaxed geometric dynamic programming for this problem and derive, for the case of a controlled SDE, the corresponding dynamic programming equation in the sense of viscosity solutions. As an example, we consider a problem of partial hedging under Knightian uncertainty. Keywords Stochastic target; Stochastic game; Geometric dynamic programming principle; Viscosity solution AMS 2000 Subject Classiﬁcations 49N70; 91A23; 91A60; 49L20; 49L25

Cluster

Rapid prototyping of Matlab/Java Distributed Applications using theJavaPorts components frameworkElias S. ManolakosElectrical and Computer Engineering DepartmentCountry of Citizenship: USAAreas:Networked Embedded SystemsSoftware Architecture, Reusablity, Scalability, and StandardsMiddleware Libraries and Application Programming InterfacesPreference: Oral PresentationOverviewAlthough PC clusters have become a commodity, there is still a lack of software technologies for the rapid prototyping and evaluation of end-to-end distributed computation strategies for heterogeneous clusters. Such applications may involve a large number of tasks (depicted as small circles in the task graph of Figure 1) which interact while running in the different nodes of a heterogeneous network, that possibly includes smart sensors, embedded controllers, various types of PCs, compute/data servers etc.At Northeastern University we are developing JavaPorts (JP) [1] [2], a novel component-based distributed processing framework which provides to application developers:• The capability to create, modify and reuse across applications and platforms softwareJavaPorts makes it easy for a team of collaborators with limited expertise in distributed processing to: (a) define an application in a top-down fashion, (b) to generate software components (for each task), (c) to execute the components at any node in the network without having to change any part of the source code. The high level of task location transparency supported by JP minimizes the human effort and the cost of software re-engineering, thus allowing more application design iterations in a fixed amount of time. During the last year we have completed a new JP software release v 2.1 in which we added:• a graphical tool for visual application (task graph) development and management. • an automatically implemented scheme for launching and terminating gracefully a distributed application. Releasing the code developer from the distributed termination responsibility removes a major headache in developing programs for clusters (as it can be attested by users of message passing systems such as MPI and PVM).• Run-time support for a variety of networks of workstations, including Linux- and Solaris-based clusters (with and without NFS capabilities)With Matlab v. 6 now available (which supports Java) we have also achieved the full integration of Matlab components into the JavaPorts framework. A developer can mix, into the same distributed application, any number of Matlab and Java components that may interact directly (not via files) and pass messages anonymously to each other using the JavaPorts communication API. Such a capability is essential because although the Matlab code base is increasing rapidly there is still no easy mechanism for integrating Matlab functions into a distributed computation without investing a substantial effort in re-coding. JavaPorts not only allows us to implement arbitrary patterns of component interactions but also supports the development of mixed Java/Matlab distributed applications for heterogeneous clusters with computers running under different operating systems and possibly including reconfigurable hardware boards (FPGAs) to accelerate a specific part of the overall network computation (joint work with Prof. M. Leeser, Northeastern University [3]). In the presentation we will discuss different application examples and present encouraging performance data.References[1] E. S. Manolakos, D. Galatopoullos, A. Funk, "Component-based peer-to-peer distributed processing in heterogeneous networks using JavaPorts", Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Network Computing, pp. 234-237, February 2002.[2] E. S. Manolakos, D. Galatopoullos, A. Funk, "JavaPorts: An Environment for the Rapid Prototyping of Heterogeneous Network-centric Distributed Processing Applications" in the Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on High Performance Embedded Computing (HPEC-01), pp. 149-151, MIT Lincoln Labs, Lexington, MA, November 2001.[3] L. A. King, H. Quinn, M. Leeser, D. Galatopoullos, E.S. Manolakos, "Runtime Execution of Reconfigurable Hardware in a Java Environment" in the Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD-01), pp. 380-385, September 2001.。

2014年SCI杂志JCR分区大类一区表

NAT NANOTECHNOL Nature Nanotechnology工程技术127.270 NAT BIOTECHNOL NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY工程技术123.268 ENERGY EDUC SCI TECH Energy Education Science and Technology工程技术131.677 PROG MATER SCI PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE工程技术118.216 MAT SCI ENG R MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING R-RE工程技术114.951 NANO TODAY Nano Today工程技术115.355 PROG ENERG COMBUST PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION工程技术114.220 NANO LETT NANO LETTERS工程技术113.198 ANNU REV BIOMED ENG ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEE工程技术112.214 ADV MATER ADVANCED MATERIALS工程技术113.877 ANNU REV MATER RES ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARC工程技术113.073 ACS NANO ACS NANO工程技术111.421 PROG SURF SCI PROGRESS IN SURFACE SCIENCE工程技术18.636 TRENDS BIOTECHNOL TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY工程技术19.148 ADV FUNCT MATER ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS工程技术110.179 BIOTECHNOL ADV BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES工程技术19.646 CURR OPIN BIOTECH CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY工程技术17.711 MATER TODAY Materials Today工程技术1 5.565 BIOMATERIALS BIOMATERIALS工程技术17.404 ANNU REV CHEM BIOMOL Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular E工程技术17.294 SMALL SMALL工程技术18.349 PROG CRYST GROWTH CH PROGRESS IN CRYSTAL GROWTH AND CHA工程技术1 5.750 ACM COMPUT SURV ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS工程技术1 4.529 POLYM REV Polymer Reviews工程技术1 6.281 CHEM MATER CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS工程技术17.286 LAB CHIP LAB ON A CHIP工程技术1 5.670 INT MATER REV INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS REVIEWS工程技术1 6.962 NANOMED-NANOTECHNOL Nanomedicine-Nanotechnology Biology and Me工程技术1 6.692 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS工程技术1 5.789 P IEEE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE工程技术1 6.810 J CATAL JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS工程技术1 6.002 NPG ASIA MATER NPG Asia Materials工程技术1 5.533 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS工程技术1 5.602 PROG QUANT ELECTRON PROGRESS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS工程技术17.000 MRS BULL MRS BULLETIN工程技术1 4.950 J MATER CHEM JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY工程技术1 5.968 METAB ENG METABOLIC ENGINEERING工程技术1 5.614 RENEW SUST ENERG REV RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REV工程技术1 6.018 CRIT REV BIOTECHNOL CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY工程技术1 6.472 NANOSCALE Nanoscale工程技术1 5.914 IEEE COMMUN SURV TUT IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials工程技术1 6.311 IEEE SIGNAL PROC MAG IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE工程技术1 4.066 CARBON CARBON工程技术1 5.378 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYS工程技术1 4.908 MACROMOLECULES MACROMOLECULES工程技术1 5.167 INT J PLASTICITY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY工程技术1 4.603 BIOTECHNOL BIOFUELS Biotechnology for Biofuels工程技术1 6.088 MIS QUART MIS QUARTERLY工程技术1 4.447 SIAM J IMAGING SCI SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences工程技术1 4.656 SOFT MATTER Soft Matter工程技术1 4.390 ACTA BIOMATER Acta Biomaterialia工程技术1 4.865 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY工程技术1 4.980 ADV APPL MECH ADVANCES IN APPLIED MECHANICS工程技术1 5.000 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS工程技术1 4.859MOL NUTR FOOD RES MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARC工程技术1 4.301 IEEE T IND ELECTRON IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELEC工程技术1 5.160 MACROMOL RAPID COMM MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIO工程技术1 4.596 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CE工程技术1 4.542 J POWER SOURCES JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES工程技术1 4.951 CRIT REV FOOD SCI CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND工程技术1 4.789 CURR OPIN SOLID ST M CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATE工程技术1 4.233 INT J COMPUT VISION INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER 工程技术1 3.741 IEEE T EVOLUT COMPUT IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EVOLUTIONARY C工程技术1 3.341 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN 工程技术1 4.054 J HAZARD MATER JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS工程技术1 4.173 MED IMAGE ANAL MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS工程技术1 4.424 HUM-COMPUT INTERACT HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION工程技术1 1.476 MICROB CELL FACT Microbial Cell Factories工程技术1 3.552 INT J NEURAL SYST International Journal of Neural Systems工程技术1 4.284 TRENDS FOOD SCI TECH TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY工程技术1 3.672 IEEE J SEL AREA COMM IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN CO工程技术1 3.413 ORG ELECTRON ORGANIC ELECTRONICS工程技术1 4.047 ACTA MATER ACTA MATERIALIA工程技术1 3.755 APPL ENERG APPLIED ENERGY工程技术1 5.106 ACS APPL MATER INTER ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces工程技术1 4.525 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING工程技术1 3.946 IEEE T POWER ELECTR IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRO工程技术1 4.650 BIOMASS BIOENERG BIOMASS & BIOENERGY工程技术1 3.646 ELECTROCHIM ACTA ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA工程技术1 3.832 ANNU REV FOOD SCI T Annual Review of Food Science and Technolog工程技术1 3.600 NANOTECHNOLOGY NANOTECHNOLOGY工程技术1 3.979 ACM T GRAPHIC ACM TRANSACTIONS ON GRAPHICS工程技术1 3.489 J MEMBRANE SCI JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE工程技术1 3.850 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL工程技术1 3.898 APPL SPECTROSC REV APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY REVIEWS工程技术2 3.385 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QU工程技术2 3.780 IEEE T FUZZY SYST IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS工程技术2 4.260 FOOD CHEM FOOD CHEMISTRY工程技术2 3.655 PLASMONICS Plasmonics 工程技术2 2.989 J NEURAL ENG Journal of Neural Engineering工程技术2 3.837 MICROFLUID NANOFLUID Microfluidics and Nanofluidics工程技术2 3.371 ENERGY ENERGY工程技术2 3.487 FUEL FUEL工程技术2 3.248 INT J NONLIN SCI NUM INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NONLINEAR 工程技术2 1.484 FOOD MICROBIOL FOOD MICROBIOLOGY工程技术2 3.283 BIOMED MICRODEVICES BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES工程技术2 3.032 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNO工程技术2 3.425 CURR PROTEOMICS Current Proteomics工程技术2 3.179 BIOMECH MODEL MECHAN Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology工程技术2 3.192 IEEE J SOLID-ST CIRC IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS工程技术2 3.226 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICRO工程技术2 3.327 INT J NANOMED International Journal of Nanomedicine 工程技术2 3.130 CHEM ENG J CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL工程技术2 3.461 SCI TECHNOL ADV MAT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED工程技术2 3.513 FOOD HYDROCOLLOID FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS工程技术2 3.473 CORROS SCI CORROSION SCIENCE工程技术2 3.734 MICROSC MICROANAL MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS工程技术2 3.007 J MECH BEHAV BIOMED Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedic工程技术2 2.814 COMBUST FLAME COMBUSTION AND FLAME工程技术2 3.585 INT J ROBOT RES INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS R工程技术2 3.107 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWAR工程技术2 3.114IEEE COMMUN MAG IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE工程技术2 3.785 FUEL CELLS Fuel Cells工程技术2 3.149 J NANOPART RES JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH工程技术2 3.287 MAR BIOTECHNOL MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY工程技术2 3.430 J STAT SOFTW Journal of Statistical Software工程技术2 4.010 INFORM SCIENCES INFORMATION SCIENCES工程技术2 2.833 DENT MATER DENTAL MATERIALS工程技术2 3.135 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY工程技术2 3.144 J BIOTECHNOL JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY工程技术2 3.045 IEEE COMPUT INTELL M IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine工程技术2 3.368 J CIV ENG MANAG Journal of Civil Engineering and Management工程技术2 2.171 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSI工程技术2 3.042 IEEE T SYST MAN CY B IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AN工程技术2 3.080 INT J ELECTROCHEM SC International Journal of Electrochemical Science工程技术2 3.729 P COMBUST INST PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INST工程技术2 3.633 DYES PIGMENTS DYES AND PIGMENTS工程技术2 3.126 IEEE IND ELECTRON M IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine工程技术2 5.000 SEP PURIF TECHNOL SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOL工程技术2 2.921 CELLULOSE CELLULOSE工程技术2 3.600 GOLD BULL GOLD BULLETIN工程技术2 3.517 COMPUT-AIDED CIV INF COMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUC工程技术2 3.382 J BIOMED MATER RES A JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RES工程技术2 2.625 J SUPERCRIT FLUID JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS工程技术2 2.860 IEEE T NEURAL NETWOR IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWOR工程技术2 2.952 SCRIPTA MATER SCRIPTA MATERIALIA工程技术2 2.699 IBM J RES DEV IBM JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELO工程技术20.723 J ACM JOURNAL OF THE ACM工程技术2 2.353 J BIOACT COMPAT POL JOURNAL OF BIOACTIVE AND COMPATIBLE工程技术2 2.953 J MACH LEARN RES JOURNAL OF MACHINE LEARNING RESEAR工程技术2 2.561 VLDB J VLDB JOURNAL工程技术2 1.564 NANOSCALE RES LETT Nanoscale Research Letters工程技术2 2.726 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS工程技术2 2.849 IEEE T INFORM THEORY IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION TH工程技术2 3.009 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY工程技术2 2.945 INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technolo工程技术2 3.030 J NEUROENG REHABIL Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation工程技术2 3.264 PROG AEROSP SCI PROGRESS IN AEROSPACE SCIENCES工程技术2 3.000 BIOFABRICATION Biofabrication工程技术2 3.480 IEEE T SOFTWARE ENG IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGI工程技术2 1.980 FOOD RES INT FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL工程技术2 3.150 SCI ADV MATER Science of Advanced Materials工程技术2 3.308 ADV BIOCHEM ENG BIOT ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING工程技术2 1.644 BMC BIOTECHNOL BMC BIOTECHNOLOGY工程技术2 2.349 FOOD CONTROL FOOD CONTROL工程技术2 2.656 ANNU REV INFORM SCI ANNUAL REVIEW OF INFORMATION SCIENC工程技术2 2.955 IEEE INTELL SYST IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS工程技术2 2.154 J FIELD ROBOT Journal of Field Robotics工程技术2 2.244 ARTIF INTELL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE工程技术2 2.252 IEEE T INTELL TRANSP IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRA工程技术2 3.452 RENEW ENERG RENEWABLE ENERGY工程技术2 2.978 IEEE-ASME T MECH IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRO工程技术2 2.865 BIOTECHNIQUES BIOTECHNIQUES工程技术2 2.669 MABS-AUSTIN mAbs工程技术2 3.174 COMPR REV FOOD SCI F COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIEN工程技术2 3.724 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY工程技术2 2.999 IEEE T ROBOT IEEE Transactions on Robotics工程技术2 2.536 AUTOMATICA AUTOMATICA工程技术2 2.829IEEE INTERNET COMPUT IEEE INTERNET COMPUTING工程技术2 2.000 INTEGR COMPUT-AID E INTEGRATED COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEER工程技术2 3.451 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND工程技术2 2.895 BIOCHEM ENG J BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL工程技术2 2.645 PATTERN RECOGN PATTERN RECOGNITION工程技术2 2.292 IEEE MICRO IEEE MICRO工程技术2 1.783 EARTHQ SPECTRA EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA工程技术20.894 J WEB SEMANT Journal of Web Semantics工程技术2 1.302 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESS工程技术2 2.628 REACT FUNCT POLYM REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS工程技术2 2.479 ENERG FUEL ENERGY & FUELS工程技术2 2.721 COMPOS PART A-APPL S COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AN工程技术2 2.695 IEEE T ENERGY CONVER IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVER工程技术2 2.272 ISPRS J PHOTOGRAMM ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY A工程技术2 2.885 IEEE POWER ENERGY M IEEE Power & Energy Magazine工程技术2 2.408 CEMENT CONCRETE RES CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH工程技术2 2.781 IEEE T MOBILE COMPUT IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTI工程技术2 2.283 COMPUT EDUC COMPUTERS & EDUCATION工程技术2 2.621 ENTERP INF SYST-UK Enterprise Information Systems工程技术2 3.684 J INF TECHNOL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY工程技术2 2.321 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC工程技术2 2.590 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY工程技术2 2.784 J CEREAL SCI JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE工程技术2 2.073 TRANSPORT RES B-METH TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART B-MET工程技术2 2.856 J CHEM THERMODYN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMIC工程技术2 2.422 ARCH COMPUT METHOD E ARCHIVES OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS工程技术2 2.767 ANN BIOMED ENG ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING工程技术2 2.368 APPL SOFT COMPUT APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING工程技术2 2.612 INFORM MANAGE-AMSTER INFORMATION & MANAGEMENT工程技术2 2.214 J INSTRUM Journal of Instrumentation工程技术2 1.869 MAT SCI ENG C-MATER Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials fo工程技术2 2.686 IEEE CONTR SYST MAG IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS MAGAZINE工程技术2 2.491 COMPUT INTELL-US COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE工程技术20.971 EXPERT SYST APPL EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS工程技术2 2.203 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVIC工程技术2 2.318 J EUR CERAM SOC JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SO工程技术2 2.353 IEEE PHOTONICS J IEEE Photonics Journal工程技术2 2.320 INT DAIRY J INTERNATIONAL DAIRY JOURNAL工程技术2 2.401 PLANT FOOD HUM NUTR PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION工程技术2 2.505 IEEE T POWER SYST IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS工程技术2 2.678 LWT-FOOD SCI TECHNOL LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT UND-TECH工程技术2 2.545 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY 工程技术2 2.735 CHEM ENG SCI CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE工程技术2 2.431 IEEE T AUTON MENT DE IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Deve工程技术2 2.310 BIOTECHNOL PROGR BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS工程技术2 2.340 J FOOD ENG JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING工程技术2 2.414 AUST J GRAPE WINE R AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF GRAPE AND WIN工程技术2 2.467 MEAT SCI MEAT SCIENCE工程技术2 2.275 IEEE PERVAS COMPUT IEEE PERVASIVE COMPUTING工程技术2 1.554 USER MODEL USER-ADAP USER MODELING AND USER-ADAPTED INTE工程技术2 1.400 EVOL COMPUT EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION 工程技术2 1.061 FOOD QUAL PREFER FOOD QUALITY AND PREFERENCE工程技术2 1.824 IEEE WIREL COMMUN IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS工程技术2 2.575 IEEE J-STSP IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Proce工程技术2 2.880 SOL ENERGY SOLAR ENERGY工程技术2 2.475 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMM工程技术2 2.586 COMMUN ACM COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM工程技术2 1.919BIOINTERPHASES Biointerphases 工程技术2 2.208 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONT工程技术2 2.110 MATER CHEM PHYS MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS工程技术2 2.234 ULTRAMICROSCOPY ULTRAMICROSCOPY工程技术2 2.471 J MATER SCI-MATER M JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERI工程技术2 2.316 BIOMED MATER Biomedical Materials工程技术2 2.158 FUTURE GENER COMP SY FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEM工程技术2 1.978 J STRATEGIC INF SYST JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC INFORMATION SY工程技术2 1.457 J ALLOY COMPD JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS工程技术2 2.289 PHOTONIC NANOSTRUCT Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals an工程技术2 1.681 J BIOMED MATER RES B JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RES工程技术2 2.147 COMPUT METHOD APPL M COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHAN工程技术2 2.651 INT J COAL GEOL INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLO工程技术2 2.542 J AM SOC INF SCI TEC JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR工程技术2 2.081 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION A工程技术2 2.215 DESALINATION DESALINATION工程技术2 2.590 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND AN工程技术2 2.079 DECIS SUPPORT SYST DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS工程技术2 1.687 KNOWL INF SYST KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS工程技术2 2.225 ARTIF LIFE ARTIFICIAL LIFE工程技术2 2.282 J AM CERAM SOC JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOC工程技术2 2.272 J MICROMECH MICROENG JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICR工程技术2 2.105 IEEE ACM T NETWORK IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKIN工程技术2 2.033 MATER LETT MATERIALS LETTERS工程技术2 2.307 NEURAL COMPUT NEURAL COMPUTATION工程技术2 1.884 INT J SEMANT WEB INF International Journal on Semantic Web and Info工程技术2 2.308 BUILD ENVIRON BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT工程技术2 2.400 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONIC工程技术2 1.879 IEEE NETWORK IEEE NETWORK工程技术2 2.239 COMPOS STRUCT COMPOSITE STRUCTURES工程技术2 2.240 IEEE ROBOT AUTOM MAG IEEE ROBOTICS & AUTOMATION MAGAZINE工程技术2 1.985 CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABOR工程技术2 1.920 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND M工程技术2 2.407 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA工程技术2 2.139 IEEE T SYST MAN CY A IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AN工程技术2 2.123 AICHE J AICHE JOURNAL工程技术2 2.261 J BIOMATER APPL JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS APPLICATION工程技术2 2.082 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT工程技术2 2.216 IEEE T IND INFORM IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics工程技术2 2.990 IEEE T BIO-MED ENG IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENG工程技术2 2.278 J CRYPTOL JOURNAL OF CRYPTOLOGY工程技术2 1.250 INTERMETALLICS INTERMETALLICS工程技术2 1.649 COMPUT CHEM ENG COMPUTERS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING工程技术2 2.320 IEEE T CIRC SYST VID IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SY工程技术2 1.649 J SOLID STATE ELECTR JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEM工程技术2 2.131 J MANAGE INFORM SYST JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION工程技术2 1.423 J MICROELECTROMECH S JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL工程技术2 2.098 IEEE T SYST MAN CY C IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AN工程技术2 2.009 J ASSOC INF SYST Journal of the Association for Information Syste工程技术2 1.667 MATER RES BULL MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN工程技术2 2.105 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM A FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS工程技术2 1.765 J ENG EDUC JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION工程技术2 1.569 BALT J ROAD BRIDGE E Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering工程技术2 1.610 INT J ELEC POWER INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL工程技术2 2.247 IND ENG CHEM RES INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY R工程技术2 2.237 EUR PHYS J E EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL E工程技术2 1.944 INT J MACH TOOL MANU INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TO工程技术2 2.169J BIOMAT SCI-POLYM E JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POL工程技术2 1.691 NEURAL NETWORKS NEURAL NETWORKS工程技术2 2.182 J CHEM TECHNOL BIOT JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND工程技术2 2.168 ACM T SENSOR NETWORK ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks 工程技术2 1.808 HYDROMETALLURGY HYDROMETALLURGY工程技术2 2.027 ENERG BUILDINGS ENERGY AND BUILDINGS工程技术2 2.386 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A工程技术2 2.003 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS工程技术2 2.191 IEEE ENG MED BIOL IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOL工程技术2 2.057 INT J ADHES ADHES INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION A工程技术2 2.170 INT J NUMER METH ENG INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICA工程技术2 2.009 FUNCT MATER LETT Functional Materials Letters工程技术20.724 IEEE T MICROW THEORY IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THE工程技术2 1.853 SMART MATER STRUCT SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES工程技术2 2.089 STRUCT SAF STRUCTURAL SAFETY工程技术2 1.867 INT J ENERG RES INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RES工程技术2 2.122 COMPUT LINGUIST COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS工程技术20.721 J DISP TECHNOL Journal of Display Technology 工程技术2 2.280 BIODEGRADATION BIODEGRADATION工程技术2 2.017 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND P工程技术2 2.151 MECH MATER MECHANICS OF MATERIALS工程技术2 1.769 J IND ENG CHEM JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERIN工程技术2 1.977 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLO工程技术2 2.292 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LET工程技术2 1.995 APPL THERM ENG APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING工程技术2 2.064 SURF COAT TECH SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY工程技术2 1.867 IEEE T KNOWL DATA EN IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND工程技术2 1.657 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES工程技术3 2.421 COAST ENG COASTAL ENGINEERING工程技术3 1.757 IET NANOBIOTECHNOL IET Nanobiotechnology工程技术3 1.833 DATA MIN KNOWL DISC DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVER工程技术3 1.545 INT J APPROX REASON INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPROXIMAT工程技术3 1.948 POWDER TECHNOL POWDER TECHNOLOGY工程技术3 2.080 BIOPROC BIOSYST ENG BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEER工程技术3 1.809 STRUCT HEALTH MONIT STRUCTURAL HEALTH 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Interest Management Middleware for Networked Games Graham Morgan, Fengyun Lu, Kier Storey School of Computing Science, University of Newcastle, UK

Abstract In this paper we present an implementation of an interest management scheme using standard message oriented middleware (MOM) technologies to provide scalable message dissemination for networked games. The aim of all interest management schemes is to identify when objects that inhabit a virtual world should be interacting and to enable such interaction via message passing while preventing objects that should not be interacting from exchanging messages. The time taken by existing interest management schemes to resolve which objects influence each other may be too large to enable the desired interaction to occur. Furthermore, existing interest management implementations tend to be proprietary and are built directly on top of networking protocols. In this paper we present an approach to interest management based on the predicted movement of objects. Our approach determines the frequency of message exchange between objects on the likelihood that such objects will influence each other in the near future. We then demonstrate, via implementation and experimentation, how existing middleware standards provide a suitable platform for the deployment of our interest management scheme.

Keywords: middleware, games, networking CCS: D.2.12 Interoperability - Distributed objects, I.3.2 Graphics Systems - Distributed/network graphics, C.2.4 Distributed Systems - Distributed applications

1 Introduction Networked games allow a geographically dispersed set of players to participate in a shared gaming environment. A gaming environment may provide a virtual world that presents some geographic model populated with moving objects with game play achieved by players influencing the state of the virtual world. Typically, a player’s console holds a sub-set of game state with players informing each other of their actions via the exchange of state update messages between consoles (either directly or indirectly via some intermediary server). The ability to allow players to maintain a mutually consistent view of the virtual world and still allow players to influence the virtual world in a timely manner are requirements that need to be satisfied to ensure players receive an appropriate gaming experience [Singhal and Zydra 1999]. A game may be played out in real-time, requiring

player directed changes of the virtual world to be propagated to other players in real-time. In early versions of such games [Sweany 1999], the number of players that could participate in a virtual world was limited to relatively low numbers (e.g., less than 16) with the geographic placement of players restricted to the same LAN to guarantee the most satisfying gaming experience. Recently, higher bandwidth, lower latency networks to the home have allowed one or two hundred geographically distributed players to participate in games of this genre (e.g., [Sony 2004]). However, this is still viewed as limiting as the desire of players to participate in large, complex, virtual spaces with thousands of other players have provided a substantial demand for large scale networked games.

The scalability issues presented by a networked game relate, primarily, to the number of players and the complexity of the game (e.g., number of objects populating the virtual world). An increase in the number of players may lead to an increase in network traffic as a player’s console attempts to propagate local game state updates to other players. If an attempt is not made to identify appropriate message recipients and so inhibit the sending and processing of unnecessary messages, then providing participation for many hundreds or thousands of players will not be possible. The process of identifying appropriate message recipients, referred to as interest management, introduces further computation and must be successfully completed in a timely manner to ensure the real-time and consistency requirements of a networked game are satisfied.

At present, networked games are built on standard protocols provided by existing network infrastructures (e.g., TCP/IP for the Internet) to ensure they are widely available for public use and so commercially viable. This approach results in enabling technologies that are proprietary and tend not to be suited to heterogeneous environments (i.e., deployment across varying platforms). Furthermore, programming distributed applications in this manner is a time consuming, non-trivial exercise. Therefore, middleware standards have been proposed (e.g., [OMG 2003]) that provide standard interfaces to services (e.g., location and discovery, security, inter-process communication) that ease the development of distributed applications. However, even the most recent networked games tend to be built directly above network layer protocols and do not benefit from the interoperability provided by existing middleware technologies.