2019中考英语考前知识回顾主谓一致(考前必备)
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2019中考英语总练习学案--主谓一致(1)注意事项:认真阅读理解,结合历年的真题,总结经验,查找不足!重在审题,多思考,多理解!【考点聚焦】1、主谓一致的三个原那么在具体语言环境中的应用;2、中考中常考且易错的典型题目【知识要点讲解】【一】意义一致的原那么1、意义上的一致是指根据句子意思,谓语与主语在人称和单复数上保持一致。
如:WehavemanykindsofbeautifulpenswhileshehasonlyablackonE、2、特殊主谓意义上的一致主要有以下几种情形:(1)、news,works等单词和一些以ics和s结尾的表示学科名称的名词作主语,谓语用单数。
如:Thereisnonewsaboutyourfather、(2)、表示时间、距离、金钱、量度、容量、温度等复数名词做主语,常看作一个整体,谓语用单数。
如:Tenyearshaspassedsincelleftmyhometown、(3)、多数集体名词,如class,family,team,group,public,population等做主语时,假设看作整体,谓语用单数;假设看作其成员,那么谓语用复数。
少数集体名词,如people,police等做主语,常表复数,谓语用复数。
但people意为“民族”时,用作单数。
如:TheChinesepeopleisagreatpeoplE、ClassOneisagreatclass、MyfamilywereallwatchingTVwhenlgotback、(4)、由相同部分组成一个整体的复数名词如glasses,trousers,shoes等做主语时,谓语用复数。
但如果之前有“一条”,“一双”,“一副”等短语修饰时,谓语用单数。
如:Theredshoeslookverybeautiful、ApairoftrousersishangingontheclothinglinE、(5)、“the+形容词”表示具有形容词性质的一类人;“the+姓氏名词复数”表示“……一家人”或“……夫妇”。
中考英语专题复习主谓一致Standardization of sany group #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#中考英语专项复习------主谓一致【主谓一致命题】1、主谓一致的语法一致原则2、主谓一致的整体一致原则3、主谓一致的就近一致原则4、主谓一致的意义一致原则5、主谓一致的附加原则【考点】一、由or, either... or... , neither... nor... , not only...but also... , whether...or...等连接并列主语时,常采用就近原则,动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。
【考例】Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the southsince they came to China.[临沂市]A.will visit B. has visited C.have visitedD .visitedNeither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very well. [0潍坊市]A.have been;a11 B. have been; both C has been; all D.has been; both二、 the number of + 复数名词,主语是the number(数量),谓语动词用单数;a number of +复数名词,主语是复数名词,a number of作定语, 相当于many,谓语动词用复数。
【考例】Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (包头) A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deerD. is a number of deersThe number of ________ in our class ________ fifty. (烟台)A. student, isB. the students, areC. the students, isD. students, are三、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
中考英语专题复习十:主谓一致考点解说和训练谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。
主谓一致一般按照三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1.语法一致的原则(2)由 and 或 both and 连结的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
比如:Both he and I are right.Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.但并列主语假如指的是同一人,同一事物或同一观点,谓语动词用单数。
例如:His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.The poet and writer has come.( 3)由 and 连结的并列单数主语以前假如分别由单数形式。
比如:each, every修饰时,其谓语动词要用In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.Each man and each woman is asked to help.(4)主语是单数时,只管后边跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。
比如:The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.Nobody but two boys was late for class.Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.(5)一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes 等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。
比如:A lot of people are dancing outside.The police are looking for lost boy.( 6)由 each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。
专题十三主谓一致和倒装句2016~2018详解详析第15页考点37主谓一致单项选择1.(2018中考预测)—Only a small number of students B able to pass the exam.—Yes.The number of them no more than 20.A.is;isB.are;isC.is;areD.are;are2.(2018中考预测)It’s said that B of the water around the world polluted.A.two thirds;hasB.two thirds;isC.two third;areD.two thirds;have〚导学号33404105〛3.(2016山东泰安新泰汶南模拟)—Do you need more time to finish the work?—Yes,another ten days B enough.A.areB.isC.wereD.was4.(2017云南马龙通泉一模)Everyone except Tom and John C there when the meeting began.A.areB.isC.wasD.were考点38倒装句单项选择1.(2017江苏江阴模拟)—I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday.What about you?—C,because I was preparing for the project all the time.A.Nor do IB.Neither am IC.Neither did ID.Nor was I〚导学号33404106〛2.(2016河北唐山路北区模拟)Not only B to the meeting,but also I’ll give a report.A.I will comeB.will I comeC.do I comeⅡ.完成句子(2018中考预测)1.——露西舞跳得好。
中考英语知识点梳理主谓一致讲解主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
在英语中,主谓一致是非常重要的语法规则,它能够帮助我们正确地表达句子的语法结构和意思。
下面是关于中考英语主谓一致的知识点梳理。
1.一般情况下,主谓一致是指主语是单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式;主语是复数时,谓语动词要用原形。
例:- He plays basketball every day.(他每天都打篮球。
)- They play basketball every day.(他们每天都打篮球。
)2. 当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要加上-s或-es。
例:- She likes reading.(她喜欢阅读。
)- He goes to school by bus.(他坐公交车去学校。
)3. 当主语是以-s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o结尾的名词时,谓语动词要加上-es。
例:- The bus stops here.(公交车在这里停。
)- Tom watches TV every evening.(汤姆每天晚上看电视。
)4. 当主语是以辅音字母+y结尾的名词时,谓语动词要变成以-ies结尾。
例:- The baby cries all night.(婴儿整晚哭。
)- The puppies play in the garden.(小狗在花园里玩。
)5.当主语是以元音字母+y结尾的名词时,谓语动词要加上-s。
例:- The toy is on the bed.(玩具在床上。
)- The boy stays at home.(男孩待在家里。
)6.当主语是由两个或多个名词作并列主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
例:- Tom and his friends are going to the park.(汤姆和他的朋友们要去公园。
)- My father and mother are doctors.(我的爸爸和妈妈是医生。
2019年中考英语语法专题复习主谓一致主谓一致是英语语言中特有的语法现象,受汉语的影响,初中考生容易忽视而导致错误,这就要求考生掌握好这一知识点。
中考中主要是考查一般现在时和现在完成时中的主谓一致,分值为4~5分左右;而自主招生考试中将着重考查就近原则及意义一致,分值在5~8分。
现总结如下:一.语法一致的原则(1)当主语是单数形式时,谓语动词用单数形式。
(2)主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。
(3)“名词+but /except /besides /with /as well as+名词”作主语时,谓语动词在人称和数上与第一个名词保持一致。
—How many people are there in your group?—Four. Three boys B in our group this time.A. isB. areC. wereD. was此题主语three boys为复数,时间为现在,故be动词应为现在时的复数形式Everybody except Mike and Linda C there when the meeting began.A. isB. areC. wasD. were如果主语由“a number of+复数名词”构成,谓语动词要用复数形式,意思为“许多的……”;而“the number of斗复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式,意思为“……的数量”。
A number of our school students are going to visit the Great Wall.我们学校有许多学生要去游览长城。
The number of our school students is about 1,000.我们学校的学生人数大约为一千人。
二. 就近一致的原则就近一致的原则是指谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式,取决于最靠近它的主语。
具体情况见下表:Neither the headmaster nor the teachers D take a vacation next week.A. were going toB. is going toC. was going toD. are going to由neither .., nor…连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数与nor后的主语的数保持一致,the teachers为复数,谓语动词应用相应形式,又时间为next week,故用一般将来时,可知答案。
初中英语主谓一致知识点总结初中英语听力3月22日主谓一致是指主语和谓语必须保持人称和数的变化一致,即句中谓语的变化形式由句子主语的人称和数的形式决定。
主谓一致通常遵循三个原则:语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则。
语法一致语法一致是指主语的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。
考点一:一般情况下,主语为单数可数名词或代词、不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数可数名词或代词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
考点二:动词不定式或动词-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
【考例链接】( )1. The twins ______ fond of the new idea in the magazine article.A. beB. amC. isD. are( )2. One of my friends ______ moved to America. I miss her so much.A. hasB. haveC. are( )3. Playing computer games too much ______ bad for students’health .A. amB. isC. are考点三:1. 复合不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
2. neither of ... / none of ... 作主语时,谓语动词用单、复数形式均可。
3. either指“两者之中任何一个”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
either of ... 作主语时,谓语动词用单、复数形式均可。
4. each作同位语时,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于主语的数;each of ... 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我! - 1 - 2013中考英语考前知识回顾——主谓一致(考前必备)
主谓一致的错误在于,句子的核心是谓语动词,谓语动词的确定取决于主语。根据句子含义和结构认准主语是掌握主谓一致的必要条件;弄清主谓一致的语言规则和习惯是掌握主谓一致的充分条件,要正确使用主谓一致,两个条件缺一不可,但同学们往往会走入以下三个典型的误区。
误区一 误认主语 1. 倒装句 2. ①Between the two buildings are a big tree. (× 3. ②Between the two buildings is a big tree. (√) 4. 【解析】 第①句谓语动词使用are,错误地认为the two buildings是该句的主语,但实际上是介词between的宾语,一起构成介词短语,而介词短语不能充当主语。该句是一个倒装句,真正主语是a big tree。因此第②句正确。
5. 特别提醒 倒装句的常见结构:副词/介词短语+谓语+主语 6. 2. 主语之后带有介词短语 7. ①The fruit like apples , oranges are good for our health. (×) 8. ②The fruit like apples , oranges is good for our health. (√) 9. 【解析】 第①句误认为apples , oranges是主语,因此谓语动词用are,而实际上the fruit才是该句的主语,like apples , oranges是介词短语作后置定语修饰the fruit。该句译为“像苹果、桔子之类的水果对我们的身体是有好处的”。因此第②句是正确的。
10. 特别提醒 类似的结构有:主语+with / like / except / but / together with / as well as . . . ,谓语动词应与主语一致,而与介词短语之后的名词无关。 百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我! - 2 - 11. 3. one of . . . + 名词复数或复数代词 12. ①There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. (×)
13. ②There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. (√)
14. 【解析】 one of the boys的中心词是one,因此谓语动词用单数,造成第①句错误的原因主要是把the boys当成了该句的主语。
15. 4. 定语从句 16. ①I like the photos which was taken in Beijing. (×) 17. ②I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. (√) 18. 【解析】 which were taken in Beijing是一个定语从句,用于修饰先行词the photos,而which本身就代替先行词the photos。因此谓语动词要用复数,造成第①句错误的原因是没有弄清楚关系词which的实质,只是从形式上看它是单数。
19. 特别提醒 定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。 20. 误区二 被主语的表象迷惑 21. 1. 看似复数却表单数概念 22. ①Maths are my favourite subject. (×) 23. ②Maths is my favourite subject. (√) 24. 【解析】 maths本身是一个以“s”结尾的单词,而不是一个复数名词,表示单数概念“数学”这一学科,因此第②句正确。 百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我! - 3 - 25. 类似的有:physics , news , politics . . . 26. 2. 看似单数却表复数概念 27. ①The police is searching for the robbers. (×) 28. ②The police are searching for the robbers. (√) 29. 【解析】 the police译为“警方”,表示复数概念,而不是表示“那个警察”,因此第②句正确,类似的词有:people , the + 形容词,the + 姓 + family等均表复数概念。
30. 3. 名词的单复数同形 31. ①There are a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? (×) 32. ②There is a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? (√) 33. 【解析】 sheep是一个单复数形式相同的名词,由于sheep之前用的a little修饰,加上Can you see it中的it指代单数,因此a little sheep译为“一只小绵羊”,因此第②句正确。如果将原题改为:There ________ (be) a few sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see them?那又会怎么样呢。
34. 特别提醒 类似的单复数形式相同的词还有fish, Chinese, Japanese等,要根据句子的含义和结构暗示来判断其单复数。
35. 4. 集合名词 36. ①Their family is very happy. Now their family is watching TV. (×) 37. ②Their family is very happy. Now their family are watching TV. (√) 38. 【解析】 family是一个集合名词,表示整体概念时谓语用单数,表示个体概念时谓语用复数。该句译为“他们全家很幸福,现在全家人正在看电视”。因此第一个family表示整体概念,译为“家庭”,第二个family表示个体概念,译为“家百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我! - 4 - 人”,第②句正确。 39. 特别提醒 类似的还有group, class, team等既可表单数也可表复数。 误区三 误用语言规则 1. 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词作主语 ①Ten years are quite a long time. (×) ②Ten years is quite a long time. (√) 【解析】 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词的复数作主语时看作一个整体,谓语动词要用单数,容易错误理解为复数而出现第①句的错误。
2. 由and连接的并列主语 ①The twentieth lesson and last lesson are very easy for students. (×) ②The twentieth lesson and last lesson is very easy for students. (√) 【解析】 the twentieth lesson and last lesson是表示同一概念,译为“第20课即最后一课”,因此谓语动词应该用单数。同学们容易错误理解“第20课和最后一课”,如果表示两课,应该表达为“the twentieth lesson and the last lesson”。
特别提醒 由and连接的并列主语表示同一概念时,谓语动词用单数,表示不同的概念时谓语动词用复数。
3. 就近原则 ①Neither you nor he have been to Beijing. (×) ②Neither you nor he has been to Beijing. (√) 【解析】 neither . . . nor连接的并列主语(you , he)虽然表示两个人,但根据语言规则,当它连接并列主语的时候,谓语动词根据就近原则,该由he决定,因此第②句正确。 百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我! - 5 - 特别提醒 类似的还有either . . . or, not only . . . but also, not . . . but, 以及there be之后的并列主语,谓语动词的确定都根据“就近原则”。
4. this kind of, a piece of, this pair of等短语作主语 ①This pair of trousers are very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (×) ②This pair of trousers is very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (√) 【解析】 trousers作主语时,谓语动词用复数,但当它被this pair of修饰时谓语动词由pair的单复数确定。因此第②句正确。
特别提醒 this kind of, a piece of, a bag of, a box of等,这类短语作主语时谓语动词的单复数由这些短语中的名词决定,而与它们所修饰的名词无关。
5. the rest of,half of等短语作主语 ①Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it are very difficult. (×)
②Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it is very difficult. (√)
【解析】 根据句意和句子结构可以判断the rest of it中的it,指the work,而work是不可数名词,因此第②句正确。
特别提醒 all of, most of, half of, the rest of,以及a lot of, some, any+名词作主语时,要根据后面的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。
6. 一句话提示 ①合成不定代词(如something,anybody等)作主语,谓语动词用单数; ②动名词、不定式、从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数; ③a number of + 名词(复)作主语,谓语用复数,the number of + 名词(复)作主语,谓语用单数;