考博英语真题博士研究生入学考试英语(联考)历年真题(2016年-2007年)

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编39(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．As its______grew, funds began to accumulate and the union got more and more powerful.A．recruitB．sizeC．membershipD．expansion正确答案：C解析：membership n.会员数；全体会员(如：The membership of the club is now 500．The society has a large membership．)。

recruit n．新兵，新成员。

size n.大小，尺寸，尺码。

expansion n．扩大，扩充；扩张，膨胀。

2．Little boys seem to enjoy______ train sets more than little girls.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)A．captureB．departureC．fixtureD．miniature正确答案：D解析：本题是说，小男孩看上去比小女孩更喜欢小型的火车装置。

D项“miniature缩小的”符合题意。

其他三项“capture捕获；departure出发；fixture 固定设备”都不正确。

3．Concerned people want to______ the risk of developing cancer.(2002年春季上海交通大学考博试题)A．takeB．decreaseC．minimizeD．claimed正确答案：C解析：本题中，take the risk of doing sth．的意思是“冒险做……”；decrease 的意思是“降低”；minimize的意思是“减到最少”；claimed的意思是“声称、主张”。

2005年中央党校博士研究生入学英语考试试卷注意：请按要求把1-75题的答案填在机读卡（Answer Sheet A）上；把听力部分Section C、B1-B10题的答案、翻译和作文写在答题纸（Answer Sheet B）上。

听力部分：I Listening Comprehension (20 points)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear 10 short conversation. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Each conversation and question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet A with a single line through the center.1. A. The man has more work to do on his paper than Edward on his.B. The man himself will speak to Edward about his research paper.C. The man has been talking to Edward about his paper.D. The man has finished more than half of his research paper.2. A. 64 B. 70 C. 85 D.313. A. Getting extra credits.B. The credit hours required for an M.A. degree.C. The requirements of an M.A. thesis.D. Taking more selected courses.4. A. At the airport. B. In a travel agency.C. In a hotel.D. At the reception desk.5. A. He is still being treated in the hospital.B. He’ll rest at home for another two weeks.C. He returned to work last week.D. He has had an operation.6. A. They were both busy doing their own work.B. They went to the street corner at different places.C. They waited for each other at different places.D. The man went to the concert but the woman didn’t7. A. He didn’t clean the lab.B. His roommate is messy.C. He needs to clean the lab.D. He helped the man clean his apartment.8. A. Find out when the new job begins.B. Make more copies of the letter.C. Ask for an extension to apply for the job.D. Get a more recent reference letter.9. A. Her back hurt during the meeting.B. His support would have helped this afternoon.C. Her proposal should be sent back.D. She agreed that it was a good meeting.10. A. The man should buy the picture at once.B. The man should live only with 10 dollars a month.C. The man should ask mother for more money.D. The man should not buy the picture.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet A with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A. One sixth of them are seriously polluted. 考博网 B. One third of them are seriously polluted.C. Half of them are seriously polluted.D. Most of them are seriously polluted.12. A. There was no garbage left to clean up.B. There was more garbage than before and they had to work harder.C. The river had become so clean that a lot of water-birds come back.D. The river was much cleaner and they had to search for garbage.13. A. Most of them would be indifferent and keep on throwing garbage into the river.B. They would join the students in changing the situation.C. They would become more aware of the pollution problem.D. They would think twice before they went swimming or fishing in the river.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A. They are usually cleverer.B. They get tired easily.C. They are more likely to make minor mental errors.D. They are more skillful in handling equipment.15. A. It had its limitations.B. Its results were regarded as final.C. It was supported by the government.D. It was not sound theoretically.16. A. Their lack of concentration resulting from mental stress.B. The lack of consideration for them in equipment design.C. The problem of their getting excited easily.D. Their slowness in responding.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A. Because people might have to migrated there someday.B. Because it is very much like the earth.C. Because it is easier to explore than other planets.D. Because its atmosphere is different from that of the earth.18. A. Its chemical elements must be studied.B. Its temperature must be lowered.C. Big spaceships must be built.D. Its atmosphere must be changed.19. A. It influences the surface temperature of Mars.B. It protects living beings from harmful rays.C. It keeps a planet from overheating.D. It is the main component of the air people breathe.20. A. Man will probably be able to live there in 200 years.B. Scientists are rather pessimistic about it.C. Man will probably be able to live there in 100,000 years’ time.D. Scientists are optimistic about overcoming the difficulties soon.Section C (注意：请将此题写在答题纸上)Directions: In this section, you’ll hear a short passage. Some important words have been taken away from the written passage. Fill in the missing words. The passage will be read to you twice. There will be a pause after the first time. During the pause you should check what you have written down. And then you will listen to it again. Write your answers on Answer Sheet B. write one word in each blank.To be successful in a job interview, you should demonstrate certain and professional qualities.You need to create a good 1 in the limited time available, usually from 30 to 40 minutes. Furthermore, you must make a 2 impression which the interviewer will remember while he interviews other 3 . At all times, you should present your most attractive 4 during an interview. You should, for example, to take care to appear well-groomed and modestly dressed, avoiding the 5 of too elaborate or too casual. On the other hand, clothes which are too informal may 6 the impression that you are not serious about the job or that you may be casual about your work as well as your dress. The right clothes worn at the right time, however, gain the respect of the interviewer and his confidence in your 7 . It may not be true that “clothes make the man”, but the first and often the lasting impression of you is 8 by the clothes you wear. Besides care for personal appearance, you should pay close attention to your manner of speaking. You should reflect confidence in a clear voice, loud enough to be heard. Although there are culture differences with respect of 9 of the job interview, your speech must show you to be a friendly 10 person.Section D (注意：此题在答题纸上)Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage. The passage will be spoken twice. The answer questions B1, B2, B3, and B4 in English on Answer Sheet B.B1. Which countries are the most popular package holiday destinations?B2. Why have long-haul holidays become more popular in Britain?B3. About how many travel agencies are there in Britain?B4. What does “package holiday” cover?笔试部分：（注意：请继续使用机读卡答题）II. Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part, For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentences. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet A.21. The advertising industry has resorted to self-regulation in a serious effort to not only bad taste but also misrepresentation and deception in copy and illustrations.A. abbreviateB. abrogateC. curtailD. discern22. If the check does not cover the full amount of your medical expense, mail the Medicare Explanation of Benefits (MEOB) to your carrier in order to receive for the balance of your expense.A. endowmentB. indorseC. reciprocationD. reimbursement23. For some of the more powerful states, these inter-governmental bureaucracies are also welcome to the authority of the sated, so that a very real symbiosis exists between the national bureaucracy and the international one.A. adjacencyB. adjustmentsC. adjournmentD. adjuncts24. As soon as she saw him enter the room she him and insisted that he join her for dinner.A. bore downB. bore down onC. bore outD. bore up25. There have been a few powerful political organizations that have operated not just One country but national borders.A. in …inB. in … atC. within …acrossD. out of…in26. Even though the Italian authorities may no longer any old bank that gets into trouble, the likelihood of government support for big banks has not changed enough to affect its ratings.A. bail outB. hang upC. knock overD. lash out27. Politics is to include all activities others are persuaded or coerced to collaborate in the achievement of aims designated and desired by another.A. by whichB. at whichC. in whichD. of which28. the structural imbalances in the budget, and also in the economy the Administration has given its support to a constitutional amendment.A. To relinquishB. To remedyC. Redressing forD. Compensating to29. Reasoning powers can deteriorate; people may begin to think irrationally; they may begin to feel that others are slyly poking fun at them, or being .A. condescending or patronizingB. condescended or patronizedC. condescend and patronizingD. condescended and patronized30. Men ambition is the leading passion are likely to love women who assist them in their career, and it would be very shallow psychology to suppose that thelove is not real because it has its instinctive root in self-interest.A. of whomB. in whoseC. in whomD. with whom31. This involves not only the introduction of new practices into a system, but their consolidation and continuation after the first enthusiastic impulse has .A. worn awayB. worn downC. worn offD. worn out32. Although her research topic had been approved by her thesis advisor, the library persisted The documents.A. in its denial for access onB. in denying her access toC. to deny her access toD. with denying her access for33. Clearly, “getting prices right” and the “free” and “unhindered” flow of goods and services within and between countries are proving to be more difficult than .A. were once anticipatedB. are once anticipatedC. was once anticipatedD. is once anticipated34. Although there was not a deliberate effort to discriminate sex, it was clear that the opportunities for girls to take CDT or for boys to take home economics were severely limited by the way the curriculum was organized.A. toB. fromC. in favor ofD. on the grounds of35. The diffusion of power among so many governments, and from them to non-state authorities makes it more difficult for policy-makers to take .A. the long, more social and economical enlightened viewB. the long, more socially and economically enlightened viewC. the long, more social and economical enlightening viewD. the long, more socially and economically enlightening viewⅢ. Cloze (10 points)Directions: For each of the blanks, there are four choices given marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best fits the blank and mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet A.Impatience characterizes young intellectual worker. They want to make their mark fast. So it’s important to 36 them in a challenging manner the idea 37 big achievements rarely come easily and quickly. Point out that the little successes are 38 . Show that they 39 become the foundation on which reputations are built and 40 more important tasks can be accomplished.A variety of job assignments, including job or project rotation, also keep a job from becoming dull. 41 it’s natural for some individuals to want to move ahead immediately to more difficult assignments, 42 proper guidance they can continue to learn and to gain 43 by working on a number of jobs that are essentially 44 . This way they gain breadth, if 45 .Probably the greatest offense to 46 when dealing with younger specialists is to reject ideas 47 . You must listen---and listen objectively---to their suggestions. Avoid 48 overcritical. You want to nurture an inquiring mind with a fresh approach. You’ll 49 quickly if you revert 50 “We’ve tried that before and it won’t work here.”One sure way to 51 young college graduates is flagrantly misusing their talents. Expect them to do some routine work, of course. But don’t make their daily work just one long series of errands. This includes such break-inassignments 52 performing routine calculations, digging up reference material, and operating reproduction equipment. One large manufacturing company recently interviewed a number of promising engineers who 53 them. The company found that the overwhelming complaint was that the company 54 did not offer work that was challenging but also expected 55 little from them in the way of performance.36. A. get down to B. get across to C. get at D. get into37. A. to which B. what C. that D. how38. A. valueless B. unimportant C. rare D. essential39. A. in turn B. in future C. on time D. at present40. A. on which B. from which C. in which D. for that41. A. Whereas B. When C. Because D. But42. A. for B. on C. under D. in43. A. reputation B. importance C. versatility D. knowledge44. A. of the same quality B. of the same complexityC. the sameD. different45. A. the same width B. not length C. the same height D. not depth46. A. guard B. guard at C. guard against D. guard on47. A. out of hand B. at hand C. in hand D. on hand48. A. to B. being C. too D. \49. A. frustrate B. frustrate it C. be frustrate D. be frustrated50. A. that B. often that C. too often that D. too often to51. A. disenchant B. enchant C. fascinate D. detract52. A. such as B. as for C. e.g. D. as53. A. would have left B. have left C. had left D. will leave54. A. \ B. only C. either D. not only55. A. much B. far too C. a D. moreⅣ. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Section ADirections: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Your should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet A.Passage 1A famous Native American proverb tells us “We should not judge another person until we have walked two moons in his moccasins.” Our next suggestion for improvement is about “wearing those moccasins.” That is, we need to develop empathy---be able to see things from the point of view of others. Many researchers in the area of interpersonal and intercultural competence believe that our success as communicators depends, to a large extent, on our “skill at establishing and maintaining desired identities for both self and others.” “Identities” are actually the pictures of ourselves and the other person that we hold in our heads. We use these pictures I two ways. First, our identities help us to define the messages we receive from others; and second, they assist us in selecting the most appropriate message to send to another person. We have already discussed knowing ourselves; our focus now is on our need to develop empathy (emotional identification) and role-taking (cognitive adaptation) competence so that we can better know and adjustto the other person.Before we begin our discussion of empathy and role taking, we need to restate two important ideas. First, as with so much of our counsel, we are again faced with a skill that is easier to talk about than to put into practice. The fact remains that however similar we may appear to be, there is something distinctive and unique about each of us. Our internal states are elusive and fleeting, and we know them only as distorted shadows. Knowing the other person, and predicting his or her reactions and needs, is a difficult and troublesome activity. And when we add the dimension of culture, we compound the problem.Second, although we have focused primarily on culture, we also are concerned with the “interpersonal aspects” of intercultural communication. Perhaps the interpersonal dimension of communication is most evident in the area of empathy. As Miller and Steinberg noted, “To communicate interpersonally, one must h eave the cultural and sociological levels of predications and psychically travel to the psychological level.” Simply put, empathy, while using knowledge about another’s culture to make predications, also demands that the point of analysis be the individual personality.A number of behaviors can keep us from understanding the feelings, thoughts, and motives of another person---regardless of his or her culture. Before we look at some of the ways to improve our role-taking skills, it might be helpful to examinea few characteristics that can impede empathy.56. What would be the most appropriate title for the passage?A. Develop EmpathyB. Importance of EmpathyC. Importance of IdentitiesD. Relationship between Interpersonal Competence and Intercultural Communication57. Why do we need to develop empathy according to the passage?A. In order to have a better self identificationB. In order to improve our role-taking skillsC. In order to make better predicationsD. In order to understand better and adapt ourselves to the other person58. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. In order to communicate successfully, we should learn to see things from the point of view of others.B. To establish identities for both self and others is easier said than done.C. It’s easier to understand another culture than to know the other person and predict his or her reactions and needs.D. The individual personality is an important factor in the area of empathy.59. In line 5 in the second paragrap h, the word “elusive” could be replaced by “________” .A. distracting and diverseB. hard to comprehend or identifyC. hard to controlD. tending to disappear60. A paragraph following the passage would most probably discuss ________ .A. Establishing and Maintaining Desired IdentitiesB. How to Improve Role – Taking SkillsC. Hindrances to EmpathyD. Improving EmpathyPassage 2The conflict between good and evil is a common theme running through the great literature and drama of the world, from the time of the ancient Greeks to all the present. The principle that conflict is the heart of dramatic action when illustrated by concrete examples, almost always turns up some aspects of the struggle between good and evil.The idea that there is neither good nor evil –in any absolute moral or religious sense –is widespread in our times. There are various relativistic and behavioristic standards of ethics. If these standards even admit the distinction between good and evil, it is a relative matter and not as whirlwind of choices that lies at the center of living. In any such state of mind, conflict can at best, be only a petty matter, lacking true universality. The acts of the evildoer and of the virtuous man alike become dramatically neutralized. Imagine the reduced effect of Crime and Punishment or the Brothers Karamazoc had Dostoevsky thought that good and evil, as portrayed in those books, were wholly relative, and if he had no conviction about them.You can’t have a vital literature if you ignore or sh un evil. What you get then is the world of Pollyanna, goody-goody in place of the good. Cry, the Beloved Country is a great and dramatic novel because Alan Paton, in addition to being a skilled workman, sees with clear eyes both good and evil, differentiates them, pitches them into conflict with each other, and takes sides. He sees that the native boy Absalom Kumalo, who has been murdered, cannot be judged justly without taking into account the environment that has had part in shaping him. But Paton sees, too, that Absalom the individual, not society the abstraction, committed the act and is responsible for it. Mr. Paton understands mercy. He knows that this precious thing is not evoked by sentimental impulse, but by a searching examination of the realities of human action. Mercy follows a judgment; it does not precede it.One of the novels by the talented Paul Bowles, Let It Come Down, is full of motion, full of sensational depravities, and is a crashing bore. The book recognizes no good, admits no evil, and is coldly indifferent to the moral behavior of its characters. It is a long shrug. Such a view of life is nondramatic and negates the vital essence of drama.61. In our age, according to the author, a standpoint often taken in the area of ethics is the ________.A. relativistic view of moralsB. greater concern with conscienceC. greater concern with evilD. greater concern with universals62. The author believes that great literature can bring a vivid picture of ________.A. evil triumphing over goodB. good triumphing over evilC. good and evil in constant conflictD. dramatically neutralized good and evil63. In the opinion of the author, Cry, the Beloved Country is a great and dramatic novel because of Paton’s ________.A. insight into human behaviorB. behavioristic beliefsC. treatment of good and evil as abstractionsD. willingness to make moral judgments64. Why does the author use the expression “it is a long shrug” in referring to Bowles’s book?A. Because he thinks that the book is too lengthyB. Because he thinks that the book shows little concern with the conflict between good and evil.C. Because he thinks that the book is monotonous.D. Because he thinks that the book shows much concern with depravities.65. According to the author, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Conflict between good and evil is the vital essence of dramaB. Let It Come Down tells the reader how to differentiate good from evil.C. Crime and Punishment has a great effect because Dostoevsky shows his clear judgment of good and evil.D. Relativistic standards of ethics cannot produce great drama.Passage 3Sociolinguists, sociologists, and anthropologists focus on the social context of bilingualism. In their view, language performance is closely tied to the speaker’s personal identity and identification with the culture of the second language. Social factors such as ethnic pride, racism, communication situations, prejudice, and attitudes are important variables here. Learning a second language has both benefits and costs. A person will not be motivated to learn a second language if it has negative effects or associations for the learner. What is important is the communicative effectiveness and social appropriateness of the new language. Becoming bilingual in the sociocultural perspective is a means of being a more effective and competent person in another culture.A perennial question about bilingualism is whether bilinguals profit or lose because they have t maintain two language. The advantage of having two languages is referred to as additive bilingualism; subtractive bilingualism is the case when one language detracts from the other. Generally, developmental research has shown that bilingualism is not a reason for concern. Little evidence has been found to indicate that bilingual children suffer a disadvantage because of their knowledge of two languages. Wallace Lambert devoted his academic career to demonstrating the social and psychological advantages of bilingualism in Canada. Lambert found that French Canadian bilinguals were more likely than monolinguals to be advanced academically in French schools and that they develop a more diversified and more flexible intelligence. English Canadian children also do better their elementary school courses are conducted in French. 考博网 The sociocultural perspective helps language professionals understand the cultural and social problems associated with second language acquisition (SLA) in contexts where the native language and foreign language are associated with conflicting cultural values. This happens when immigrant families move to the United States and the children want to quickly identify with American children by learning to speak English. The motivations here are not about becoming proficient but about avoiding being marked or stigmatized as a speaker of another tongue. When the new languageprovides cultural, personal, educational, or financial benefits for the learner, motivation and progress in SLA will be greater than when the second language confers no apparent advantage. In two – way Spanish- and English – language learning settings, children learning English progress faster than children learning Spanish because English has greater positive associations than Spanish does. One of the other consequences of these kinds of programs is that Spanish- speaking children tend to experience attrition in Spanish while learning English, whereas English –speaking children retain English when learning Spanish. This is a clear instance of subtractive and additive bilingualism.The sociolinguistic perspective also provides answers for why people switch from one language or dialect to another in different social situations.66. which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. Motivation and Progress in Second Language AcquisitionB. Relationship between Language and CultureC. Socioculturalists’ Approach to Second Language AcquisitionD. The Importance of Second Language Acquisition67. What does the author want to prove by giving Lambert’s resear ch founding in the second paragraph?A. French Canadian bilinguals in Canada were more likely to be advanced academically in French schools than in English schools.B. French Canadian bilinguals do better than English Canadian bilinguals when their elementary school courses are conducted in French in Canada.C. French Canadian bilinguals develop a more diversified and more flexible intelligence than English Canadian bilinguals in French schools in Canada.D. Bilingual children hold some social and psychological advantages in schools.68. What does the author mainly discuss in the third paragraph?A. Relationship between Language and Cultural ValuesB. Cultural and Social Influence in Second Language AcquisitionC. The Importance of Motivation in Second Language AcquisitionD. The Advantages of Additive Billingualism and Disadvantages of Subtractive Billingualism69. What does the word “attrition” in line 14 in the third paragraph mean?A. subtractionB. additionC. attributionD. restoration70. This passage would most likely be assigned for reading in a course in _________.A. SociologyB. LinguisticsC. CommunicationsD. The Psychology of LanguagePassage 4In this book, then, democracy – or what Robert Dahl terms polyarchy – denotes a system of government that meets three essential conditions: meaningful and extensive competition among individuals and organized groups (especially political parties) for all effective positions of government power, at regular intervals andexcluding the use of force; a “highly inclusive” level of political participation in the selection of leaders and policies, at least through regular and fair elections, such that no major (adult) social group is excluded; and a level of civil and political liberties – freedom of expression, freedom of the press, freedom to form and join organizations – sufficient to ensure the integrity of political competition and participation.While this definition is, in itself, relatively straightforward, it presents a number of problems in application. For one, countries that broadly satisfy these criteria nevertheless do so to different degrees (and none do so perfectly, which is why Dahl prefers to call them polyarchies). The factors that explain this variation at the democratic end of the spectrum in degrees of popular control and freedom is an important intellectual problem, but it is different from the one that concerns us in this book, and so it is one we have had largely to bypass. We seek to determine why countries do or do not evolve, consolidate, maintain, lose and reestablish more or less democratic systems of government, and even this limited focus leaves us with conceptual problems.The boundary between democratic and undemocratic is sometimes blurred and imperfect, and beyond it lies a much broader range of variation in political systems. We readily concede the difficulties of classification this variation has repeatedly caused us. Even if we look only at the political, legal, and constitutional structures, several of our cases appear to lie somewhere on the boundary between democratic and something less than democratic. The ambiguity is further complicated by the constraints on free political activity, organization, and expression, and the substantial remaining political prerogatives of military authorities, that may in practice make the system much less democratic than it might appear. In all cases, we have tried to pay serious attention to actual practice in assessing and classifying regimes. But still, this leaves us to make difficult and in some ways arbitrary judgments. The decision as to whether Thailand and Zimbabwe, for example, may today be considered full democracies is replete with nuance and ambiguity. Even in the case of Brazil, which was generally presumed democratic after the election of a civilian president in 1985, Alfred Stepan cautions that the extent of military prerogatives to participate in government and wield autonomous power put the country “on the margin of not being a d emocracy.” With the direct presidential election of December 1989, the transition may now be considered closed, but serious problems of democratic consolidation remain.71. This passage probably appears in __________.A. in the introduction of a bookB. in the conclusion of a bookC. in the middle part a bookD. in the acknowledgement of a book72. According to the author, the reason for Dahl to term democracy as polyarchy is that __________.A. there are so many different democratic countriesB. not only the extent to which so-called democratic countries meet the three conditions is different, but also the democratic situations in all these countries need improvingC. Dahl wants to persuade people to accept his view。

清华大学五道口金融学院金融学专业考博英语真题报考分析一、清华大学五道口金融学院金融学专业考博考试内容分析（育明考博辅导中心)专业招生人数初试内容复试内容金融学（联合培养）2014年15人2015年12人2016年16人1)公共外语（100分）2)计量经济学（100分）笔试：经济金融学（100分）面试：口试方式（100分）育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、清华大学五道口金融学院金融学专业考博的报录比平均在6:1左右（竞争较激烈）2、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大，要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数，专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。

3、博士生入学英语考试大致相当于全国大学英语六级水平。

4、同等学力考生在初试合格后须加试报自然辩证法、投资学、公司金融5、联合培养金融学博士总成绩＝公共外语+计量经济学+金融学+面试平均成绩6、联合培养项目仅招收在职博士生。

7、考生按照学科方向报考，不分导师，入学后资格考试通过后分配导师；单独培养项目统一报考导师为廖理，联合培养项目统一报考导师为周小川。

育明教育考博分校针对清华大学五道口金融学院考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。

每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。

根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。

（清华大学五道口金融学院考博资料获取、课程咨询育明张老师叩叩：772678537）二、清华五道口金融学院金融学专业历年考博复试分数线（育明考博课程中心）育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、清华大学五道口金融学院只有1博士招生专业：020200应用经济学（金融学方向），本专业竞争压力还是比较大的。

年份复试分数线进入复试人数/录取人数（不含本科直博）2013年英语55分经济学40总分>=100（联合培养）45人/17人2014年英语50分经济学40总分>=100（联合培养）40人/15人2015年英语55分经济学55总分>=115（联合培养）40人/12人2、2016年清华大学五道口金融学院计划招生人数为22人。

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编32(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．The husband and wife were never in ______ or agreement about anything for five minutes together.A．sympathyB．harmonyC．symphonyD．consistency正确答案：B解析：harmony n.协调，和谐。

sympathy(with)n.同情(be in sympathy with赞同，同情)。

symphony n.交响乐，交响曲；(色彩等的)和谐，协调。

consistency n.一贯性，前后—致。

2．There are probably very few cases in which different races have lived in complete ______ in a single country for long periods. (2006年财政部财政研究所考博试题)A．successB．revengeC．harmonyD．conscience正确答案：C解析：success成功；revenge复仇；harmony融洽，和谐；conscience良心，是非感。

根据题意，C为正确选项。

3．This year the farmers were just able to gather in the ______ before the fine weather came to an end.A．collectionB．seedC．yieldD．harvest正确答案：D解析：harvest n．收获，收割；收成。

collection n.收集，采集；收藏品。

seed n．种，种子。

yield n.产量；收益。

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编47(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Structure and Vocabulary(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.When a society is polarized, the ______ Left confronts the extreme Right and there's nobody in between.（分数：2.00）A.fundamentalB.radicalC.firmplete2.There are______differences between theory and practice.(2010年北京航空航天大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.legibledenC.radicalD.medieval3.The ideological make-up of the unions is now______ different from what it had been.(2010年四川大学考博试题) （分数：2.00）A.violentlyB.severelyC.extremelyD.radically4.She is trying to______him by phone as she has some very important news for him.(2011年南京大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.touchB.reachC.connectD.attain5.Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his______to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied.（分数：2.00）mentB.reactionC.impressionprehension6.Most plastics don't______conduct heat and electricity.（分数：2.00）A.readilyB.reallyC.greatlyD.necessarily7.That wax dummy(假人)of a man is so ______ that people speak to it.（分数：2.00）A.realisticB.factualC.vividD.effective8.The climbers______ their greatest ambition by reaching the summit of the mountain.（分数：2.00）A.obtainedB.realizedC.exercisedD.executed9.A(n)______price is a moderate one, not too expensive.（分数：2.00）A.exorbitantB.excessiveC.reasonableD.cheap10.The floods did not start to ______ until two days after the rain had stopped.(2007年财政部财政科研所考博试题) （分数：2.00）A.retireB.recedeC.retreatD.sink11.The best student in each class will ______ a prize at the end of term.（分数：2.00）A.receiveB.catchC.possessD.accept12.Even though she hadn't seen it for many years, the woman ______ her son's handwriting.（分数：2.00）A.rememberedB.reorganizedC.recountedD.recognized13.I can ______him to you for the job. He is a very good worker.（分数：2.00）A.adviseB.promptC.recommendD.support14.Walking, gardening, collecting stamps, and reading are quiet forms of______.（分数：2.00）A.learningB.recreationC.restD.invention15.Our party needs new ______ before the next election.（分数：2.00）A.applicantsB.candidatesC.recruitsD.sponsors16.The water in the river was so clear that it______ the trees on the bank.（分数：2.00）A.shadowedC.reflectedD.deflected17.He gave much ______ to the problem but still had no answer.（分数：2.00）A.weightB.careC.importanceD.reflection18.He had been completely exhausted but fell considerably ______ after a meal and a rest.（分数：2.00）A.renewedB.refreshedC.reshapedD.recreated19.The brutal bombing of Yugoslavia by the U.S. and its NATO allies, which was claimed to have been made for the protection of human rights, resulted as a matter of fact in hundreds of thousands of______ fleeing to neighbouring countries.（分数：2.00）A.exilesB.emigrantsC.refugeesD.victims20.I tried very hard to persuade him to join our groups but I met with flat______.(2004年湖北省考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.disapprovalB.rejectionC.refusalD.decline21.This instrument can ______ the temperature of the room as you please.（分数：2.00）A.modifyB.stabilizeC.regulateD.normalize22.One word describes what makes Singapore work: discipline .(2003年春季电子科技大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.punishmentB.regulationC.unemploymentD.salary23.To ______ concrete is to embed metal in it to make it stronger.（分数：2.00）A.intensityB.consolidateC.reinforceD.empower24.As a defense against air-pollution damage, many plants and animals ______ a substance to absorb harmful chemicals.（分数：2.00）A.relieveC.dismissD.discard25.Nobody knows what triggered the event, which______a million cubic meters of water per second, obliterating the barrier between Britain and France.(2008年北京大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.releasedB.relievedC.restoredD.retained。

以下是[⽆忧★考]为⼤家整理的《历年湖北省华中科技⼤学英语考博真题》的⽂章，供⼤家参考阅读！　华中科技⼤学 2010年招收博⼠研究⽣⼊学考试试题 考试科⽬：英语 适合专业：各专业 Part I Cloze (0.5x20=10%) Directions: In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank inthe passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet. Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the .United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? 1 en event takes place, newspapers are on the street 2 the details. 3 anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to gather the news. Newspapers have one basic 4 , to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to 5 it. Radio, telegraph, television, and 6 inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. 7 , this competitionmerely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the 8 and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are 9 and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to 10 out into many other fields. Besides keeping readers informed of the latest news, today's newspapers entertain and influence readers about politics and other important and serious 11 Newspapers influence readers' economic choices 12 advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very 13 Newspapers are sold at a price that 14 even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main 15 of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The 16 in selling advertising depends newspaper's value to advertisers. This 17 in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends 18 on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment 19 in a newspaper's pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper's value to readers as a source of information 20 the community, city, county, state, nation and world……and even outer space. 1. A. Just when B. While C. Soon after D, Before 2. A. to give B. giving C. given D. being given 3. A. Wherever B. Whatever C. However D. Whichever 4. A. reason B. cause C. problem D. purpose 5. A. make B. publish C. know D. write 6. A. another B. other C. one another D. the other 7. A. HoweverB. AndC. ThereforeD. So 8. A. value B. ratio C. rate D. speed 9. A. spread B. passed C. printed D. completed10. A. provoke B. jump C. step D. branch 11. A. matters B. affairs C. things D. events 12. A. on B. through C. with D. of 13. A. forms B. existence C. contents D. purpose 14. A. tries to cover B. manages to cover C. fails to cover D. succeeds in 15. A. source B. origin C.course D. finance 16. A. way B. means C. chance D. success 17. A. measures B. measured C. is measured D. was measured 18. A. somewhat B. little C. much D. something 19. A. offering B. offered C. which offered D. to be offered 20. A. by B. with C. at D. about Part II Reading comprehension (20x2=40%) Directions: There are four passages in this part. After each passage, there are five questions. You are to choose the best answer for each question. Write your answers on the answer sheet. Passage One Early in the sixteenth century, Francis Bacon proposed that science consisted in the elevation of the authority of experiment and observation over that of reason, intuition, and convention. Bacon thought that as more and more reliable and precise particular facts, accumulate, they can be classified and generalized, resulting in an ever-expanding hierarchy of useful “axioms”. This is what he meant by" induction". Although many people today continue to regard the collection of facts and their arrangement by induction into theories as the heart of scientific method, Bacon's conception of what facts and theories are and of the relationship between them was hopelessly unrealistic even in his own time. The most important early scientific discoveries …… such as those made by Galileo about the movement of the earth, by Keppler about the elliptical shape of planetary orbits, and later by Newton about the" force" of gravity …… could never have been made if Bacon's rules had prevailed. Determined to avoid all premature speculations, Bacon proposed that data gathering be carried out by illiterate assistants with no interest in whether an experiment turned out one way or another. Plain facts, properly arranged, would automatically lead to certain knowledge of the universe. Nothing could be more misrepresentative of the actual problem-solving techniques of the scientific method. That plain facts do not speak for themselves is evident from Bacon's own acceptance of the errors contained in what appeared to be the most "obvious" of facts. For Bacon, that the earth did not move was a fact because it could be seen not to move; and for Bacon it was a-fact that life was being spontaneously generated because maggots always developed in putrid flesh and frogs appeared after every rain. What is clear is that the great breakthroughs of Newton, Darwin, or Marx could never have been achieved solely on the basis of Baconian fact gathering. Facts are always unreliable without theories which guide their collection and which distinguish between superficial and significant appearances. 21. According to Bacon, facts 。

目录医学考博英语历年真题 (2)2015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷 (2)2015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试题答案 (17)2015年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文 (19)医学考博英语历年真题2015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷Part I Listening Comprehension(30%)Section ADirections:I n this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,you will hear a question about what is said.The question will be read only once.After you hear the question,read the four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman:I fell faint.Man:No wonder You haven't had a bite all day.Question:What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A.She is sick.B.She is bitten by an ant.C.She is hungry.D.She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B●D Now let's begin with question number1.1. A.How to deal with his sleeping problem. B.The cause of his sleeping problem.C.What follows his insomnia.D.The severity of his medical problem.2. A.To take the medicine for a longer time. B.To discontinue the medication.C.To come to see her again.D.To switch to other medications.3. A.To tale it easy and continue to work. B.To take a sick leave.C.To keep away from work.D.To have a follow-up.4. A.Fullness in the stomach. B.Occasional stomachache.C.Stomach distention.D.Frequent belches.5. A.extremely severe. B.Not very severe.C.More severe than expected.D.It's hard to say.6. A.He has lost some weight. B.He has gained a lot.C.He needs to exercise more.D.He is still overweight.7. A.She is giving the man an injection. B.She is listening to the man's heart.C.She is feeling the man's pulse.D.She is helping the man stop shivering.8. A.In the gym. B.In the office.C.In the clinic.D.In the boat.9. A.Diarrhea. B.Vomiting.C.Nausea.D.A cold.10. A.She has developed allergies. B.She doesn't know what allergies are.C.She doesn't have any allergies.D.She has allergies treated already.11. A.Listen to music. B.Read magazines.C.Go play tennis.D.Stay in the house.12. A.She isn't feeling well. B.She is under pressure.C.She doesn't like the weatherD.She is feeling relieved.13. A.Michael's wife was ill B.Michael's daughter was ill.C.Michael's daughter gave birth to twins.D.Michael was hospitalized for a check-up.14. A.She is absent-minded. B.She is in high spirits.C.She is indifferent.D.She is compassionate.15. A.Ten years ago. B.Five years ago.C.Fifteen years ago.D.Several weeks ago.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages'after each of which,you will hear five questions.After each question,read the four possible answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Dialogue16. A.A blood test. B.A gastroscopy.C.A chest X-ray exam.D.A barium X-ray test.17. A.To lose some weight. B.To take a few more tests.C.To sleep on three pillows.D.To eat smaller,lighter meals.18. A.Potato chips. B.Chicken. C.Cereal. D.fish.19. A.Ulcer B.Cancer C.Depression. D.Hernia.20. A.He will try the diet the doctor recommended.B.He will ask for a sick leave and relax at home.C.He will take the medicine the doctor prescribed.D.He will take a few more tests to rule out cancer.Passage One21. A.A new concept of diabetes.B.The definition of Type1and Type2diabetes.C.The new management of diabetics in the hospital.D.The new development of non-perishable insulin pills.22. A.Because it vaporizes easily.B.Because it becomes overactive easily.C.Because it is usually in injection form.D.Because it is not stable above40degrees Fahrenheit.23. A.The diabetics can be cured without taking synthetic insulin any longer.B.The findings provide insight into how insulin works.C.Insulin can be more stable than it is now.D.Insulin can be produced naturally.24. A.It is stable at room temperature for several years.B.It is administered directly into the bloodstream。

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编60(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．______is supposed to be the essence of private enterprise.A．CompeteB．CompetitionC．CompetitiveD．Competence正确答案：B解析：competition n.竞争；比赛。

2．Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job, education is one of the most______ areas in Japanese life.A．sophisticatedB．competitiveC．considerateD．superficial正确答案：B解析：competitive a.竞赛的，竞争的；(人)好竞争的；(价格)有竞争力的(如：competitive games；Important posts are filled by competitive examinations．Our firm offers you competitive prices．He is a competitive young man and has competitive spirit．)。

sophisticated a.(人)老练的，富有经验的：(机器、武器等)精密的，尖端的。

considerate(of／to)a.考虑周到的，体贴人的。

superficial a.肤浅的，浅薄的：表面的。

3．Unless my room is warmer tonight, I’m going to______ to the hotel manager.A．complainB．argueC．blameD．reason正确答案：A解析：complain vi．抱怨(句型：complain to sb．of／about sth．；complain that…)。

2017年华东师范大学攻读博士学位研究生英语题型注：1、试题词汇涵盖六级或以上程度的词汇，但以六级词汇为主。

结构部分包括动词非谓语形式、虚拟语气、倒装语序、强调句式和复合句中的连接词，另有一些特殊句型。

2、阅读理解部分有5篇文章，内容涵盖科技、教育、经济、金融、哲学、生活以及社会热点。

每篇文章后有5道选择题，主要考查对文章主题的理解、对细节的判断推理、对作者观点和态度的识别等。

3、英汉互译为各种题材的段落翻译。

4、作文要求考生语法规范、措辞精当、语句流畅。

5、试卷一所选答案须用2B铅笔涂在答题卡上，试卷二试题的答案须用钢笔或原珠笔做在相应的答题纸上。

6、考试时间为180分钟。

华东师范大学2014年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：英语共12页时间：180分钟Paper One(注意：答案请做在答题卡上，做在试题上一律无效)Part I Vocabulary and Structure (15%)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through thecenter.1. Teaching students of threshold level is hard work but the effort is very ________.A. preciousB. rewardingC. worthD. challenging2. The explorer lost his way so he climbed to the top of the hill to ________ himself.A. spotB. locateC. placeD. situate3. The city has decided to ________ smoking.A. do away withB. take awayC. get away withD. put away4. The old building is in a good state of ________ except for the wooden floors.A. observationB. preservationC. conservationD. compensation5.____me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.A. That amazedB. It amazedC. Which amazedD. What amazed6. Recycling wastes slows down the rate ________ which we use up the Earth’s finite resources.A. inB. ofC. withD. at7. Gasoline is ________ by the spark plugs in the engine.A. ignitedB. inspiredC. excitedD. illuminated8. The travelers ________ their journey after a short break.A. recoveredB. resumedC. renewedD. restored9. Cultural ________ indicates that human beings hand their languages down from one generation to another.A. translationB. transitionC. transmissionD. transaction10. We must look beyond ________ and assumptions and try to discover what is missing.A. justificationsB. illusionsC. manifestationsD. specifications11. No one imagined that the apparently ________ businessman was really a criminal.A. respectiveB. respectableC. respectfulD. realistic12. Hurricanes are killer winds, and their ________ power lies in the physical damage they can do.A. cumulativeB. destructiveC. turbulentD. prevalent13. In some countries, students are expected to be quiet and ________ in the classroom.A. skepticalB. faithfulC. obedientD. subsidiary14. After four years in the same job his enthusiasm finally ______.A. deterioratedB. dispersedC. dissipatedD. drained15. For years now, the people of that faraway country have been cruelly ______ by a dictator.A. depressedB. immersedC. oppressedD. cursed16. Ever since the rise of industrialism, education has been ______ towards producing workers.A. harnessedB. hatchedC. motivatedD. geared17. The prospect of increased prices has already ______ worries.A. provokedB. irritatedC. inspiredD. hoisted18. You should have put the milk in the ice box; I expect it ________ undrinkable by now.A. becameB. had becomeC. has becomeD. becomes19. Codes are a way of writing something in secret; ________, anyone who doesn't know the codewill not be able to read it.A. that isB. worse stillC. in shortD. on the other hand20. Our house is about a mile from the station and there are not many houses ________.A. in betweenB. among themC. far apartD. from each other21. Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially ________ containing as manydifferent subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.A. oneB. the oneC. thatD. such22. You can't be ________ careful in making the decision as it was such a critical case.A. veryB. quiteC. tooD. so23. The ratio of the work done by the machine ________ the work done on it is called theefficiency of the machine.A. againstB. withC. toD. for24. ________ the flood, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A. In case ofB. In spite ofC. Because ofD. But for25. I ________ to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards.A. ought to have writtenB. must have writtenC. couldn't have writtenD. needn't have written26. No longer are contributions to computer technology confined to any one country; ________ isthis more true than in Europe.A. hardlyB. littleC. seldomD. nowhere27. ____in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for the wedding gown.A. Unpopular has as white beenB. White has been as unpopularC. Unpopular has been as whiteD. Unpopular as white has been28. ____for a long time, the fields are all dried up.A. There has been no rainB. Having no rainC. There having been no rainD. There being no rain29. Joseph’s car has a flat tire. now is to walk to the nearest telephone.A. That he can doB. All what he can doC. All that he can doD. He can do something30. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment____.A. which they are happeningB. they are happeningC. which they happenD. they have happenedPart Ⅱ Cloze (20%)Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of suitable word(s) marked A, B, C and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter ofthe word(s) you have chosen with a single bar across the bracket on Answer SheetⅠ.Why does a company want to 31 its money with other people? There are several reasons. First, the company may 32 very well. It may need money to 33 . By selling shares of 34 , the company can get the money it needs. Sometimes, it is 35 for the company to go public for tax reasons. Because of the tax 36 , the company may save money on taxes by selling shares on the stock exchange. Sometimes, a company may owe a lot of money 37 banks. By selling shares of stock, it may be able to pay the banks. Many companies sell stock for this reason. However, the reasons why companies sell their stocks on the stock exchange are often 38 . In general, all companies 39 sell shares of stock on the stock exchange need to 40 money for one reason or another.Investors 41 buy shares of stock in a company may make money in two ways. They may begin to make money 42 . Suppose that a person invests in a company, and the company makes money. The company shares this money with the 43 . This money that is shared is called a 44 . Dividends are usually sent to investors once every three months while they 45 the stock. A second way that investors may 46 is to sell the stock at a higher price than they 47 when they bought it. The 48 of each share of stock goes up if the company does well. It may also 49 for many other reasons. But when it does go up, a person may sell it and make a 50 .31. A. distract B. permeate C. share D. recede32. A. have done B. be doing C. do D. have been doing33. A. perplex B. dominate C. integrate D. expand34. A. stake B. stock C. stalk D. stack35. A. potential B. advantageous C. sensitive D. actual36. A. utilities B. contributions C. earnings D. laws37. A. to B. for C. on D. from38. A. complex B. essential C. comprehensive D. understandable39. A. what B. that C. which D. while40. A. locate B. admit C. proclaim D. raise41. A. who B. which C. until D. if42. A. by mistake B. to date C. on earth D. right away43. A. observer B. director C. investor D. instructor44. A. tuition B. postage C. tip D. dividend45. A. offer B. own C. convince D. equip46. A. sell money B. share money C. take money D. make money47. A. confronted B. extracted C. spilled D. paid48. A. price B. investment C. cost D. value49. A. tighten up B. stock up C. go up D. stir up50. A. profit B. benefit C. award D. inputPart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (25%)Directions: There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on Answer SheetⅠwitha single line through the center.(1)Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one’s side, or that in Italy and som e Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell.Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that “Gift” means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm’s length away from others. Latinos and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable.Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world.Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them.When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. Then attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives—usually the richer—who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nation’s diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters.For many years, American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.51. It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners wouldmost probably ________.A. stand stillB. jump asideC. step forwardD. draw back52. The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their ________.A. cultural self-centerednessB. casual mannersC. indifference towards foreign visitorsD. arrogance towards other cultures53. In countries other than their own most Americans ________.A. are isolated by the local peopleB. are not well informed due to the language barrierC. tend to get along well with the nativesD. need interpreters in hotels and restaurants54. According to the author, Americans’ cultural bl indness and linguistic ignorance will ________.A. affect their image in the new eraB. cut themselves off from the outside worldC. limit their role in world affairsD. weaken the position of the US dollar55. The author’s intention in writi ng this article is to make Americans realize that ________.A. it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friendsB. it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairsC. it is necessary to use several languages in public placesD. it is time to get acquainted with other cultures(2)Your friends might be in Australia or maybe just down the road, but they are all just a few clicks away. Life has changed for millions of teenagers across the world who now make friends online. Whether you use chat rooms, QQ, MSN or ICQ, you are part of a virtual community.“I rarely talk with my parents or grandparents, but I talk a lot with my old friends on QQ,” said Fox’s Shadow, the online nickname used by a Senior 2 girl in China. “Eighty percent of my classmates use QQ after school.”QQ is the biggest messaging service in China. A record shows 4 million people used it one Saturday night in October, according to Tencent, the company which developed QQ.And Fox's Shadow might well have been one of them. “I log in on Friday nights, and Saturdays or Sundays when I feel bored. I usually spend about 10 hours chatting online every week,” she said. “But I rarely talk with strangers, especially boys or men.”Even though she likes chatting, she is careful about making friends with strangers online. “You don’t know who you’re talking to. You should always be careful about who you trust online.”Many people would like to meet offline when they feel they have got to know someone very well. Fox’s Shadow once met one of her online friends face to face. It was a girl who was a comic fan like herself and they went to a comic show together.However, not all teenagers have been so fortunate. At the beginning of this year, a 17-year-old girl in Liaoning Province was raped after meeting a friend she had found on QQ. The criminal wasn’t caught until last month.A 16-year-old Beijing boy, known online as Bart Simon, dislikes QQ users. “I used to chat on QQ, but I found that most people were talking nonsense,”he said. Now he chats online in English, using MSN. “I only chat online because I’ve got friends in Japan, the US and Singapore,”he said.“I want to learn more about foreign cultures.” But he spends little time chatting as he sees it a waste of time and money.“If you are really addicted to it, sometimes you just can’t concentrate in class,” he said. “And the friends in your real life are always more important than those so-called friends you meet online.56. This passage centers on .A. teenagers making friends onlineB. the advantages of the InternetC. the functions of chat rooms, QQ, MSN, or ICQD. the internet changing your life57. Which of the following is true about Fox’s Shadow?A. She often talks with her relatives on QQ.B. She has a strong sense of self-protection.C. She is a senior at college.D. She logs in every night.58. What can be inferred from the passage?A. People, both old and young, like to get online.B. Girls prefer QQ better than boys.C. There is no danger for male QQ users, even if they meet each other.D. QQ users like to talk face to face after sometime of intercourse online.59. What is Not the Beijing boy’s opinion of chatting online?A. He can’t practice oral English if he uses QQ.B. Chatting online with Chinese friends is a waste of time and money.C. Most topics for conversation on QQ are meaningless.D. He can learn foreign cultures through MSN.60. This passage may be a .A. a lectureB. an essayC. a reportD. an editorial(3)What most people don’t realize is that wealth isn’t the same as income. If you make $ 1 million a year and spend $ 1 million, you’re not getting wealthier, you’re just living high. Wealth is what you accumulate, not what you spend.The most successful accumulators of wealth spend far less than they can afford on houses, cars, vacations and entertainment. Why? Because these things offer little or no return. The wealthy would rather put their money into investments or their businesses. It’s an attitude.Millionaires understand that when you buy a luxury house, you buy a luxury life style too. Your property taxes skyrocket, along with the cost of utilities and insurance, and the prices of nearby services, such as grocery stores, tend to be higher.The rich man’s attitude can also be seen in his car. Many drive old unpretentious sedans. Sam Walton, billionaire founder of the Wal-Mart Store, Inc., drove a pickup truck.Most millionaires measure success by net worth, not income. Instead of taking their money home, they plow as much as they can into their businesses, stock portfolios and other assets. Why? Because the government doesn’t tax wealth; it taxes income you bring home for consumption, the more the government taxes.The person who piles up net worth fastest tends to put every dollar he can into investments, not consumption. All the while, of course, he’s reinvesting his earnings from investments and watching his net worth soar. That’s the attitude as well.The best wealth-builders pay careful attention to their money and seek professional advice. Those who spend heavily on cars, boats and buses, I’ve found, tend to skimp on investment advice. Those who skimp on the luxuries are usually more willing to pay top dollar for good legal and financial advice.The self-made rich develop clear goals for their money. They may wish to retire early, or they may want to leave an estate to their children. The goals vary, but two things are consistent: they have a dollar figure in mind--the amount they want to save by age 50, perhaps -- and they work unceasingly toward that goal.One thing may surprise you. If you make wealth--not just income--your goal, the luxury house you’ve been dreaming about won’t seem so alluring. You’ll have the attitude.61. Which of the following statements is true?A. Wealth is judged according to the life style one has.B. Inheritance builds an important part in one’s wealth.C. High income may make one live high and get rich t the same time.D. Wealth is more of what one has made than anything else.62. By the author’s opinion, those who spend money on luxury houses and cars_____.A. will not be taxed by the governmentB. have accumulated wealth in another senseC. live high and have little savedD. can show that they are among the rich63. The rich put their money into business because_____.A. they can get much in return to build their wealthB. they are not interested in luxury houses and carsC. their goal is to develop their companyD. that is the only way to spend money yet not to be taxed by the government64. The U.S. government doesn’t tax what you spend money on _____.A. carsB. housesC. stockD. boats65. To become wealthy, one should______.A. seek as much income as he canB. work hard unceasinglyC. stick to the way he livesD. save up his earnings(4)Seeking a competitive advantage, some professional service firms (for example, firms providing advertising, accounting, or health care services) have considered offering unconditional guarantees of satisfaction. Such guarantees specify what clients can expect and what the firm will do if it fails to fulfill these expectations. Particularly with first-time clients, an unconditional guarantee can be an effective marketing tool if the client is very cautious, the firm’s fees are high, the negative consequences of bad service are grave, or business is difficult to obtain through referrals and word-of-mouth.However, an unconditional guarantee can sometimes hinder marketing efforts. With its implication that failure is possible, the guarantee may, paradoxically, cause clients to doubt the service firm’s ability to deliver th e promised level of service. It may confl ict with a firm’s desire to appear sophisticated, or may even suggest that it is begging for business. In legal and health careservices, it may mislead clients by suggesting that law suits or medical procedures will have guaranteed outcomes. Indeed, professional service firms with outstanding reputations and performance to match have little to gain from offering unconditional guarantees. And any firm that implements an unconditional guarantee without undertaking a corresponding commitment to quality of service is merely employing a potentially costly marketing gimmick.66. The primary purpose of this passage as a whole is to .A. account for the popularity of a practiceB. evaluate the usefulness of a practiceC. demonstrate how to institute a practiceD. explain the reasons for pursuing a strategy67. Which of the following statements concerning unconditional guarantees is Not mentioned inthe passage?A. They are helpful when firms want to retain their long-standing clients.B. They are effective when firms want to get business through client recommendations.C. They are useful when firms charge substantial fees for its services.D. They are feasible when firms suffer from significant adverse effects of poor service.68. Which of the following is a goal of some professional service firms in offering unconditionalguarantees of satisfaction?A. To limit their liability.B. To compete successfully with their rivals.C. To justify their fee increases.D. To attain an outstanding reputation in a field.69. An unconditional guarantee may create an impression on the client that the firm .A. tends to be suspicious of the client’s financial statusB. does not want to beg for businessC. may have some problems with its managementD. is not sophisticated enough to be able to provide good service70. Which of the following is true, according to the passage’s description of the issue raised byunconditional guarantees for health care or legal services？A. The standards of practice of the legal and medical professions could be violated by attemptsto fulfill such unconditional guarantees.B. The result of a lawsuit or medical procedure can hardly be predicted by the professionalshandling a client’s case.C. The dignity of the legal and medical professions could be undermined by any attempts atmarketing professional services, such as offering unconditional guarantees.D. Clients whose lawsuits or medical procedures have unsatisfactory outcomes cannot beadequately compensated by financial settlements alone.(5)Recent studies on the male-female wage gap predict that even though entry-level salaries for males and females in the same occupation are nearly equal because women’s market skills have improved vastly, the chances of the overall gap closing in the foreseeable future are minimal. This is due to several factors that are likely to change very slowly, if at all. An important reason is thatwomen are concentrated in occupation —service and clerical —that pay less than traditional male jobs. It is possible that more women than men in their twenties are hesitant to commit themselves to a year-round lifetime career or job for many reasons. There is lingering attitude on both the part of women and their employers that women are not cut out for certain jobs. Not only does this attitude channel women into lower-paying work，but it also serves to keep them from top management positions.Another significant factor in the widening wage gap between men and women after entering the work force, even in comparable jobs, is that women often drop out at critical points in their careers to have a family. Women still have the primary responsibility for child rearing; even if they continue to work, they often forgo overtime and promotions that would conflict with home responsibilities. The ages of 25 to 35 have been shown repeatedly to be the period when working consistently and hard is vital to advancement and job security. These are precisely the years when women are likely to have children and begin to slide away from men in earning power. Consequently, a woman’s income is more likely to be s een as secondary to her husband’s.71. According to recent studies on the male-female wage gap, ____ .A. there is much hope of narrowing the male-female wage gap in the near futureB. working women will have many opportunities to hold high-paying jobs in the near futureC. women’s pay will still stay at a level below that of men in the near futureD. salaries for males and females in the same occupation will be equal in the near future72. Women are kept from top management positions partly because they .A. decide to devote themselves to certain lifetime jobs in their twentiesB. are inclined to rank family second to workC. tend to have more quarrels with their employersD. still take an incorrect attitude towards themselves73. Which of the following is implied in the passage as a partial reason for women’s concentrationin certain occupations？A. Social division of labor.B. Social prejudice against them.C. Employment laws.D. Physiological weakness.74. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that .A. men’s jobs are subject to changeB. women tend to be employed off and on at the same jobC. men’s chances of promotion are minimalD. women used to be employed all the year round75. Which of the following statements is NOT true？A. Women’s market skills have improved greatly.B. Child care is still chiefly women’s work.C. Women are typically employed in clerical and service jobs.D. Domestic duties no longer conflict with women’s jobs.Paper Two（注意：以下各题的答案必须写在Answer Sheet Ⅱ上）Part Ⅳ Translation (25%)Section A (10%)Directions: Put the following into Chinese. Write your Chinese version on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.Faith and science have at least one thing in common: both are lifelong searches for truth. But while faith is an unshakable belief in the unseen, science is the study of testable, observable phenomena. The two coexist, and may at times complement each other. But neither should be asked to validate or invalidate the other. Scientists have no more business questioning the existence of God than the theologians had telling Galileo the Earth was at the center of the universe.Science is in a perpetual state of becoming. Yesterday’s observations give rise to today’s theories, which will be tested through painstaking research. Just as any good scientist must be ready to abandon a bad idea, he or she must continue to support the results of unbiased evidence and experimentation.Section B (15%)Directions: Put the following into English. Write your English version on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.1995年，第四次世界妇女大会在北京召开，这使得中国妇女的状况备受世界关注。

外交学院博士研究生入学考试英语样题This examination paper consists of 3 parts:Part I tests your mastery of basic English;Part II tests your ability to understand English in context;Part III tests your reading comprehension; andPart IV tests your ability to translate.Total Points: 100Part I: Basic English (35%)Section A (20%)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.1 The financial tsunami is _____ major concern of _____society.[A] the, the [B] a, /[C] a, the [D] /, the2 The first thing one should lear n at college is to study on his own. It’s time you _____ able to manage your time.[A] could be [B] be[C] were [D] are3 If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now in some parts of this country _____ so serious.[A] wouldn’t be[B] will not have been[C] wouldn’t have been [D] would have not been4 The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, ________ by the police each time.[A] had been captured [B] being always captured[C] only to be captured [D] unfortunately captured5 Jane is ________ of the two sisters.[A] a more diligent [B] the most diligent[C] the more diligent [D] more diligent6 ______ at in this way, the present economic situation doesn’t seem so gloomy.[A] Looking [B] Looked[C] Having looked [D] To look7 He told me only part of the story ______.[A] so that was it [B] so that was this[C] and that was so [D] and that was what8 Tom is unfortunately devoid ______ a sense of humor.[A] with [B] of[C] to [D] from9 Before the eruption of the volcano, quite a few people noticed the _____ of the mountaintop.[A] bulging [B] sticking[C] protruding [D] prompting10 Many people thought that he was poor because everything he wore seemed to have seen better days, but he was actually a(n) _____ millionaire.[A] weird [B] queer[C] unusual [D] eccentric11-40（略）Section B (15%)Directions: You will find that in each sentence a word/phrase is underlined. Below each sentence you will find four other words or phrases. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.41 Her brief, elliptical poems, most written in the 1850s and 1860s, sorely discomfited some but greatly delighted others.[A] annoyed [B] flabbergasted[C] disappointed [D] overjoyed42 The new mall has been an economic fiasco.[A] disaster [B] hit[C] nuisance [D] nuance43 What yo u see in movies doesn’t always jibe with reality.[A] match with [B] reflect[C] come to [D] stack44 He was neither pallid nor flabby, prison had not marked him in the ways she expected.[A] fat [B] depressed[C] outraged [D] weak45 Besides, the real factory, which is about five miles away, had been besieged by visitors for years.[A] surrounded by [B] beamed with[C] teeming with [D] cinched by46 As a keen writer and avid newspaper reader, Jenny had always wanted to be a journalist.[A] prolific [B] keen[C] dandified [D] seamy47-55（略）Part II: Cloze (10%)Directions: In this part, you will read a passage with ten blanks and fill in the blanks with words or phrases given. Choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, and D for each blank and then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.The article refers to genetically modified fish. In the UK, and Europe, there has been a strong reaction against genetically modified(GM) crops: people are frightened of them, and do not trust scientific reports that they are harmless. Here is an extract from a report by the UK Food and Drink Federation.What about a moratorium on research?Some people in the UK and elsewhere are frightened of genetically modified crops; they argue that ___56___ with nature can have unpredictable consequences. So much has been written about the ____57____ risks of GM technology that there have been many calls for a “moratorium”on further research. Among those calling for a moratorium, different people have different views, as to what should be stopped. Some want all tests, even those in the ____58___, to be halted. Others want only to delay wider-scale growth of GM crops for commercial use.Supporters of GM technology point out that some ____59____ results are to be expected in laboratory experiments. The whole point of research is to carry out such experiments in the ___60__ of the laboratory and, learning from results, establish procedures and systems to minimize risks in the field. Thereafter, it is only through field trials, and the larger-scale farm trials, that the safety or otherwise of the technology can be ____61___.Globally, by October 1999, 25,000 field trials of GM crops had been carried out with no __62___ adverse consequences. Supporters of GM technology argue that a moratorium on testing in the UK would mean that the country would fall behind in developing technology that is used elsewhere in the world. Others take the view that our ___63____ environment is too precious to be put at risk, however ___64___ the risk may be. They point out the dangers of cross-pollination between crops that are GM and those that are not; when this happens, genetically modified crops find their way into ___65____.56 [A] interfering [B] damaging[C] tempering [D] adjusting57 [A] perceptible [B] observed[C] perceived [D] noticeable58 [A] field [B] farms[C] open [D] laboratory59 [A] outside [B] fortunate[C] adverse [D] adversary60 [A] realm [B] confines[C] boundaries [D] borders61 [A] resolved [B] determined[C] depended [D] devised62 [A] important [B] noticeable[C] signify [D] significant63 [A] virtuous [B] vulnerable[C] defective [D] balanced64 [A] likely [B] unlikely[C] remote [D] unusual65 [A] food-chain [B] food-crops[C] food-supply [D] food-storePart III: Reading Comprehension (25%)Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.Passage OneQuestions 66 to 70 are based on this passage.Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture---one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some c ases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.66 According to the passage, which of the following is true?[A] All international managers can learn culture.[B] Business diversity is not necessary.[C] Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.[D] Most people do not know foreign culture well.67 According to the author, the model of Pepsi_______[A] is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around.[B] is different from the model of McDonald's.[C] shows the reverse of globalization.[D] has converged cultural differences.68 The two schools of thought ______.[A] both purpose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures[B] both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries[C] admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world[D] both A and B69 This article is supposed to be most useful for those _____.[A] who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity[B] who have connections to more than one type of culture[C] who want to travel abroad[D] who want to run business on International Scale70 According to Fortune, successful international companies______.[A] earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas[B] all have the quality of patience[C] will follow the overseas local cultures[D] adopt the policy of internationalizationPassage TwoQuestions 71 to 75 are based on this passage.In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence—as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social program. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must app reciate each other’s problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. “Talk, talk, talk,” the advocates of violence say, “all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.” It’s rath er like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. “Possible, my lord,” the barrister replied, “none the wiser, but surely far better informed.” Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.71 What is the best title for this passage?[A] Advocating Violence[B] Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice[C] Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution[D] The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence72 Recorded history has taught us ______.[A] violence never solves anything[B] nothing[C] the bloodshed means nothing[D] everything73 It can be inferred that truly reasonable men ______.[A] can’t get a hearing[B] are looked down upon[C] are persecuted[D] have difficulty in advocating law enforcement74 “He was none the wiser” means ______.[A] he was not at all wise in listening[B] he was not at all wiser than nothing before[C] he gains nothing after listening[D] he makes no sense of the argument75 According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is ______.[A] law enforcement[B] knowledge[C] nonviolence[D] mopping up the violent mess76-90（略）Part IV: Translation (30%)Section ATranslate the following paragraph into Chinese. (15%)As a symbol of the extraordinary boom of the past decade, the rise of the big emerging economies rivalled the soaring US housing market.China led the way, followed at a slower pace by the likes of India and Brazil. But though they tried to insulate themselves against the boom-bust cycle by building up foreign exchange reserves, no amount of inoculation could render them completely immune to the virulence of the financial contagion that swept the world in September and October.In early November Beijing announced a Rmb4,000bn ($584bn) fiscal stimulus plan—a "shock and awe" manoeuvre that revealed just how concerned the government was.As for Brazil, a country traditionally susceptible to capital market crises has shown some resilience. But the coming slowdown, even if it does not qualify as a recession, appears certain to feel like one.For the moment, most of the big emerging markets are facing a severe drama rather than a full crisis. But their cushions of foreign exchange reserves have not been enough to insulate them from this year's extraordinary global economic dislocation.Section BTranslate the following paragraph into English. (15%)从二十世纪六十年代开始，一些新权利也同样在非经济领域得到了拓展。