谓语动词单复数的使用规则
一般every, each后用单数;all 后面的名词是复数.
1)名词性从句及不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
【例如】
To finish the work in advance is what he wants.
Smoking cigarettes is dangerous to your health
What seems easy in theory is difficult in practice.
What caused the accident is a complete mystery.
但是，what引导名词从句作主语时，其表语是复数形式时，系动词也可以是复数形式。
【例如】
What we badly need here are qualified teachers.
2)当主语是单数，后面跟着由including, with, together with, along with, like, in addition to, as well as, rather than, but, except, more than, accompanied by 等连接的短语时，谓语动词用单数。
【例如】
Mary as well as her sister likes listening to music.
Doctor Richards, together with his wife and three children, is to arrive on the afternoon flight.
My best friend rather than anyone else has got the first prize in the speech contest.
3) one, one of, every, everyone, everybody, each, many a, either, neither, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody用作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【例如】
Each man, woman and child has the same right.
Many a student doesn’t like to do their homework. (many a student＝many students)
Either of students is going to compete for the president of the students’ union.
More than one person was involved in the case.
Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university ____.
A) has been accepted
B) have been accepted
C) was accepted
D) were accepted
neither用作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。此外，定语从句用过去完成时，主句应用一般过去时，故答案为C。
4) and所连接的两个单数名词作主语，指同一人、同一件事或同一概念时，其谓语动词用单数。例如：
My best friend and adviser has changed his mind again.
Bread, butter and eggs is typical American Breakfast.
5)表示时间、距离、重量、体积、金钱的复数名词，作主语时作为整体来看待，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：
Five thousands dollars is quite a large sum of money to me.
Fifty miles is too long a distance for one to walk on foot.
Ten years has passed but he did n’t change at all.
6）“a portion of , a series of, a kind of, a body of, a species of, a pair of+名词”作主语时，其谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：
A series of accidents has occurred recently in America.
A pair of new glasses is quite expensive.
7）事件、机构、国名、作品等专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by Mark Twain and it is an interesting book.
The United Nations is an organization to defend world peace.
1 名词变复数 一．名词变复数规则变化及发音： 1、绝大多数的可数名词在词尾加上s ； eg：book→books；desk→desks；pen→pens；car →cars s遇t读浊辅音[ts]，遇d读清辅音[dz] eg：friend→friends; cat→cats; 2.、以s、x、ch、sh结尾的单词，在该词末尾加上-es；读音规则：读[iz]； eg：bus→buses; box →boxes; watch→watchches; dish→dishes 3、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，要把y变为i，再加-es；读音规则：读[z]。 eg：fly→flies; baby →babies; 元音字母加y结尾的单词直接加s；eg：toy→toys；boy→boys； 4、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，要将-f或-fe变为-v，再加es；读音规则：读[vz]； eg：knife→knives；leaf→leaves； 5、以-o结尾的名词，初级阶段只有三个单词要加-es，其余都加-s；读音规则：读[z]。eg：tomato→tomatoes西红柿; potato→potatoes土豆; hero→heroes 英雄; Negro—Negroes 口诀：“黑人英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿”其余eg：zoo→zoos; hippo→hippos；二．名词变复数不规则变化： 1.单词内部发生变化：口诀―oo常常变ee，男人女人a变e‖ eg：foot→feet脚；tooth→teeth牙齿；man→men男人；woman→women女人； 2.单复数相同：―羊鱼小鹿无变化，单数复数是一家‖ eg：sheep→sheep绵羊；fish→fish鱼；deer →deer鹿； 3.不规则变化：child→children孩子；mouse→mice老鼠；German→Germans德国人； ⒈不可数名词概念：不可以数的名词叫做不可数名词。包括物质名词（表示无法分为个体的物质）和抽象名词（表示抽象概念的词）。 ⒉不可数名词特点： ⑴不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能与a, an及数词连用，常作单数看待。例： water There’s some water in the bottle. food My favorite food is noodles. ⑵不可数名词如表数量，常和a bottle of, a glass of等名词词组连用。如表示复数，只把量词改为复数。 例：a bottle of pop一瓶汽水 , two glasses of orange juice 两杯桔子汁， three cups of tea 三杯茶，a piece of paper一张纸 ⑶有些物质名词有时可数，有时不可数，要根据上下文决定，其意义也有所不同。 A glass is made of glass.玻璃杯是玻璃制成的。（玻璃杯可数，玻璃不可数。） I bought a melon yesterday. I want to eat some melon. 四．特殊名词的讲解： ⑴people 作“人们，人民”解时，只有复数形式，谓语动词作复数。作“民族”解时，单复数不同，复数要在词尾加s。 There are five people in my family. 我家有五口人。 There are fifty-six peoples in our country.我们国家有56个民族。 ⑵clothes，pyjamas（睡衣；宽长裤）等属于无单数形式的复数名词，谓语作复数。例：My favorite clothes are pants. These pyjamas are too small. ⑶ pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts，scissors等名词，由两部分构成，常以复数形式出现，谓语动词要用复数。要表示单数常用a pair of表示，此时如作主语，谓语要作单数看待。 例：Your pants are blue. This pair of pants is mine. ⑷集体名词看作整体时，谓语用单数; 指成员时，谓语用复数。 His family is a large family. His family like animals. 指整体指成员⑸有的名词单复数意思不同：
谓语动词单复数用法: 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。 There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 Reading and writing are very important. 注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。 The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 2 主谓一致中的靠近原则 1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 2）当either… or… 与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。 Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. 4 谓语需用单数 1）代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。 Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch. 2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。 The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. <<天方夜谭>>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。 3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变。) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough. 5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数
名词单数变复数变化规则： 一．可数名词 1．一般名词复数是在名词后面加上“s”，如map→maps，bag→bags，book-books 等； 2．以s，x，sh，ch结尾的词加“es”，如bus→buses，watch→watches, box-boxes 等； 3．以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时,去掉f，fe 加ves的名词有：half→halves knife →knives leaf→leaves wolf→wolves wife→wives life→lives thief→thieves 4．以o 结尾的名词变复数时： a）加s的名词有（无生命）：photo→photos ，piano→pianos，radio→radios b）加es的名词有（有生命）：potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes 5．以辅音字母＋y结尾的词，变y为i加es，如baby→babies, family-families, study-studies等； 以元音字母＋y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数，如monkey→monkeys，holiday→holidays，storey→storeys（楼层）； 6. oo变ee的单词：foot-feet, goose-geese, tooth-teeth； 7. a变e的单词：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen; 8. 复数与原形一致的单词：fish-fish, sheep-sheep, deer-deer, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese; 注：1.fish指“鱼肉”时，是不可数名词；2.fish指“鱼的多少”时，是可数名词，但单数和复数同行；There are many fish in the river。3.fish强调鱼的“种类“时，复数是“fishes”。There are many kinds of fishes in the river。 9. 有些名词以-s结尾，但表达的是单数意义，例如：news，maths，politics，physics，the United States等。 10. 常以复数形式出现的名词，例如：glasses，trousers，shoes，gloves，socks 等，要表达他们的量时常用pair，例如：a pair of glasses/shoes; 复数只需量词变复数，例如：two pairs of shoes 11. 名词作定语时，不用复数形式，如：a shoe shop。如果要表示复数，则去掉不定冠词，把名词词组中的最后一个名词变成复数形式，如：an apple tree---apple
名词的单复数变化规律 一，可数名词不规则的单数变复数 1，完全不变 A: sheep, fish , people, Chinese, Swiss,deer, Japanese 请注意单复数相同的计数单位 dozen 一打，十二个,score 二十，这两个词后面不接of结构。 比如：24个鸡蛋2 dozen（=24） eggs 80个学生4 score（=80） students B:head 头这个词也不用复数形式 比如：5头猪 5 pigs或5 head of pigs,这个head不能加s 2, 名词末尾加en ox→oxen children men women 3,词中间变化 brother→brothers brother →brethren(这个也是对的) 如果还有别的变化，通常都属于外来词汇。 4,以O结尾的 A:辅音+ O：加es [z] : hero→heroes tomato→tomatoes 注意：有些以辅音O 结尾的名词，也是直接加S。 B:元音+ O：加s [z] photo,bamboo,piano,solo直接加s 注意：以Y和O结尾的都发[Z] zoo,radio 5, 以th结尾的名词，直接加S，但是读音则看音标 如th在长元音后面，发音：咬舌z加不咬舌z, Path th就要发咬舌z,不能发成咬舌z。后面一个s发不咬舌的z（一定是在长元音后） 如th在短元音后面，发音：咬舌s加不咬舌s. mouth th就要发咬舌s，后面一个s发不咬舌的s 注意：二者在发音时不同的地方 二，不可数名词单数变复数
１，物质名词和抽象名词通常没有复数形式，其中物质名词可以借助量词来表示： 如果是可以做可数名词的抽象名词，那么就有复数形式。 比如：water→waters 水域 There are 5 waters 而抽象名词有时候也可以借助量词来达到可数的作用 2，集体名词的复数： 基本上，如果集体名词表示整体，那么没有复数形式。 e.g This is a great family. 如果集体名词表示许多个体，那么有复数形式： e.g There are 50 families. 注意，有些集体名词在变成复数的时候，意思会发生变化。 还要注意：有些时候，就算集体名词表示整体，也用复数——表示多个整体。 通常见到的集体名词：class,group ,company, club,army,enemy. 三个最常见的“只用复数动词”的集体名词：people,cattle,police. e.g The police are on the way to the park. 3, 专有名词的复数： 通常不变，但要注意：人名和地名（尤其是山,谓语动词要用单数形式）有时会出现复数的情况。例如：There is 4 Emei mountains in China.(要用is，不用are.)因为山一般不会有同名，特别是名胜古迹，都是独一无二的。而人名和地名常有同名。 There are 5 Jhons in my team. 如果是人名，则表示很多个相同姓氏的人。后面的动词用复数。 4,复合名词的数： passer-by→passers-by 过路人 looker-on→ lookers-on旁观者(复数加在前一个词上) man writer→ men writers man doctor→ men doctors woman cook→ women cooks 如果以man woman开头的复合名词，变复数时两个词都要变成复数 非实意名词单复数的使用相对比较灵活，现在多倾向于用复数 比如： opportunities Look forward to more opportunities of cooperation. 显得你对合作非常期待，而且欢迎各种合作 如果表示没有什么机会了，就说 less opportunity 而不说 few opportunity ——可见，单复数形式的选用与语义语境有很大关系 类似的还有：potential, possibility, attitude 等等
谓语动词单复数的使用规则 一般every, each后用单数;all 后面的名词是复数. 1)名词性从句及不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 【例如】 To finish the work in advance is what he wants. Smoking cigarettes is dangerous to your health What seems easy in theory is difficult in practice. What caused the accident is a complete mystery. 但是，what引导名词从句作主语时，其表语是复数形式时，系动词也可以是复数形式。 【例如】 What we badly need here are qualified teachers. 2)当主语是单数，后面跟着由including, with, together with, along with, like, in addition to, as well as, rather than, but, except, more than, accompanied by 等连接的短语时，谓语动词用单数。 【例如】 Mary as well as her sister likes listening to music. Doctor Richards, together with his wife and three children, is to arrive on the afternoon flight. My best friend rather than anyone else has got the first prize in the speech contest. 3) one, one of, every, everyone, everybody, each, many a, either, neither, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody用作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 【例如】 Each man, woman and child has the same right. Many a student doesn’t like to do their homework. (many a student ＝many students) Either of students is going to compete for the president of the students’ union. More than one person was involved in the case. Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university ____. A) has been accepted B) have been accepted C) was accepted D) were accepted neither用作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。此外，定语从句用过去完成时，主句应用一般过去时，故答案为C。
英语名词复数的规则变化 英语中名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词在应用时有单数和复数形式。表示一个用单数，表示两个或两个以上用复数。复数名词的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化。 一、规则变化： 1、一般在名词词尾加s， ①map—maps地图，bird—birds鸟， orange—oranges 桔子， bike—bikes自行车； 2、以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加es， ①box—boxes盒子，class—classes班级，watch—watches手表，dish-dishes盘，碟子，餐具； 3、以O结尾的名词后面加s或es ①photo—photos相片radio—radios收音机zoo—zoos动物园tomato—tomatoes西红柿potato—potatoes土豆 4、以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i+es ①baby—babies婴儿family—families家庭； 以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加s ①boy—boys男孩toy—toys 玩具； 5、以fe或f结尾的名词，把fe或f变为ves ①knife—knives小刀 wife—wives妻子 leaf—leaves树叶。 二、名词复数的不规则变化 1、child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意：与man 和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。 如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。2、单复同形如：
英语名词单数变复数的规则 1)单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers. 2)以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches. 3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es: cities, babies, enemies.4)以f或fe结尾的名词，多数变f为v加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: roofs, proof s, chiefs. 5)以o结尾的名词，有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.其它加s: radio s, zoos, pianos, photos. 6)不规则名词：foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→me n, woman→women, sheep→sheep, deer→deer, mouse→mice. 7)某些外来词变复数：datum→data, medium→media, bacterium→bacteria, curriculum→curricula, criterion→criteria, phenomenon→phenomena. (um/on→a)analysis→analyses, basis→bases, crisis→crises, diagnosis→diagnoses.(is→es ) 8)复合名词变复数：以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式，如：homework.以man或woman为前缀的复合名词变复数，前后两个名词都变复数，如：manservant→mens ervants, woman student women students.其它复合名词变复数：grown up→grown ups,
口语班本周讲解以下语法点：Name: Class: 可数名词的复数形式变化规则： 1.一般情况名词后直接加-s.读[z]或读[s] Eg:cat-cats ant-ants 2.以s/x/ch/sh 结尾的单词加es.读[iz] Eg:bus-buses fox-foxes 3.以辅音字母y结尾的，将y变i加es. Eg:candy-candies story-stories 4.以o结尾的单词，末尾加es,有生命的加-es,无生命的加-s.读[z] Eg:tomato-tomatoes（有生命的）soil-soils(无生命的） 5..以f或fe结尾的名词，多将f或fe去掉变成ves.读[vz] Eg:leaf-leaves life-lives 6.以ce,se,ze,d,ge等结尾的名词，加-s.读[z] Eg:case-cases orange-oranges 不规则名词变化，就需要特殊记忆，等孩子们把上面内容掌握后，再开始继续往下延伸。 可数名词的复数形式练习题 一.将下列名词变为复数形式。 map-- boy-- girl-- orange-- bus-- friend-- fox-- box-- baby-- fly-- apple-- egg-- 二．将下列单数变为复数句型或复数变成单数句型。 1.This is a book.__________________ 2.That is an orange.___________________
3.What is this？________________ 4.Those are girls._________________ 5.These are watermelon.__________________ 6.Is that a map?________________________ 7.They are toys.________________________ 8.The purse is beautiful.______________________ 9.That is a nice cartoons.________________________ 10.Look!There is a library._______________________ 可数名词的复数形式变化规则默写： _______________________________________________1._____________ _________________________________2.___________________________ ___________________3._________________________________________ _____4.______________________________________________5.________ ______________________________________6.______________________ ________________________
1、形式一致 主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式 主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式 2、语意一致 谓语动词用单数的清况 1）当名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、度量、距离、价格等复数名词时，把这些复数名词看作一个整体。谓语动词采用单数形式。 Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt． Fifty minutes isn’t enough to finish this test． Ten miles seems like a long walk to me． 2 以“-s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名，谓语动词用单数 以-ics结尾的名词指一门学科时，常用单数谓语动词形式。当这些名词表示实际内容时，谓语动词则用复数形式。 这类单词有：economics经济学electronics电子学 physics物理学politics政治学 mathematics数学statistics统计学 Roots was a novel about a slave family． His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend． Politics is his favorite subject． Statistics show that approximately 40 percent of all marriages in the US end in divorce． Statistics is a subject that is difficult to learn． 3) 有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词，如：machinery(机械)，clothing(衣服)，luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，equipment(设备)，jewelry(珠宝)等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：My luggage was sent by air． The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain． 4) 不定式、现在分词和从句作主语，谓语动词通常用单数： Playing with fire is dangerous． 注意：若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句，表示两个不同的概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念，则谓语动词用单数形式 Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit． When and where the building will be built hasn’t been decided． 主语从句要根据从句表达的意思而定 What she said is correct．What he gave me are five English books． 谓语动词用复数的情况 1）由and或both...and...连接两个单数名词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。如： Fire and water do not agree． 注意如果and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，则两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语动词必须用单数。
英语动词第三人称单数变化规则及 名词单数变复数口诀 一、动词的第三人称单数现在式变化规则: 1)一般由动词原形加-s get-gets play-plays 2)以e结尾的动词，加-s like-likes make-makes 3)以o结尾的动词加-es go-goes do-does 4)以s, x, ch, sh等字母结尾的动词，后面加-es kiss-kisses fix-fixes teach-teaches fish-fishes 5)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变i, 再加-es fly-flies study-studies 6) have –has 1、一般现在时 ①主语+动词原型V I have a friend. You have a friend. We have a friend. They have a friend. ②主语(第三人称单数)+动词V(三单) She / He / It has a friend. Tom / My mother has a friend.
2.不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表 （一）、AAA. (原形，过去式和过去分词一致) 1. 花费 cost cost cost 2. 割 cut cut cut 3. 伤害 hurt hurt hurt 4. 让 let let let 5. 放 put put put 6. 朗读 read read read 7. 设置 set set set 8.打击，碰撞 hit hit hit 9.关上门窗 shut shut shut 10.让 let let let （二）、ABB(过去式和过去分词一致) 1) 过去式、过去分词含有-ought 1. 带来 bring brought brought 2. 买 buy bought bought 3. 打架 fight fought fought 4. 想 think thought thought 5. 寻找、探究 seek sought sought 2) 过去式、过去分词含有-aught 5. 抓住 catch caught caught 6. 教 teach taught taught t替换原形-d 3) 过去式、过去分词- 7. 建筑 build built built 8. 借出 lend lent lent 9. 花费 spend spent spent 10.派遣 send sent sent 4) 过去式、过去分词 在原形词尾加t或d 11. 学会 learn learnt/ed learnt/ed 12. 意思 mean meant meant 13. 燃烧 burn burnt/ed burnted 13. 做梦 dream dreamt/ed dreamt/ed 13. 处理 deal dealt dealt 14. 听 hear heard heard 5) 过去式、过去分词改为-ept 15. 保持 keep kept kept 16. 睡觉 sleep slept slept 17. 扫 sweep swept swept 6) 过去式、过去分词改为-elt
名词单复数变化规则 一、可数名词都有单数和复数之分。 A: 规则的可数名词的复数变化规则： 1.一般情况加s ：book-- books mouth---mouths house---houses girl---girls 2.以s 、sh 、ch 、x结尾的加es ：class--- classes box----boxes ma tch----matches 3.辅音音素+ y结尾的变y为i加es：city---cities country----countries p arty----parties factory----factories 4.以o 结尾的词+es的只有以下词：heroes Negroes tomatoes potatoes z eroes/zeros 以o 结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母+s radios, zoos, bamboos ,(pianos ,kilos photos) 5.以f，fe 结尾的变f或fe为v +es ： thief thieves wife wives life lives knife knives wolf wolves half halves leaf leaves shelf shelves B: 名词词尾的读音规则： 1．在[ p] [t] [k] [f]等清辅音后读[s] cups，hats，cakes，roofs 2. 在[s] [z] [∫] [t∫]等音后读[iz] glasses, faces, roses. 3.在其他情况下读作[z] beds days cities knives. 4.以th结尾的词原来读[ ] 加词尾后多数读[ ] 如：mouth—mouths path—paths ; 但是也有不变化的，如：month—months, ninth—ninths, youth—youths. C: 不规则的可数名词的变化规则： 1.man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, goose—geese child—c hildren, mouse—mice, 2.单复数相同: sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese Swiss. 3.以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时,两个词都变化. man servant—men servants. (boy/girl students) woman doctor—women doctors.
英语名词单数变复数主要有以下规则： 一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。 读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。 辅音包括清辅音和浊辅音两大类。 发音时声带不震动、送气的叫清辅音, 读[s] ／p／、／t／、／k／、／f／、／θ／、／s／、／W／、／t∫／、／ts／、／tr／，再加上／r／、／h／，合计12个。； 发音时声带震动、不送气的叫浊辅音,读[z] ／b／、／d／、／g／、／v／、／e／、／z／、／T／、／dv／、／dz／、／dr ／再加上／m／、／n／、／N／、／l／、／j／、／w／合计16个。 (有一些字母电脑打不出) 例：friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces 二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。 读音变化：统一加读[iz]。 例：bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes box →boxes; watch →watches; actress →actresses; class →classes; coach（长途车）→coaches; dress →dresses; sandwich →sandwiches; toothbrush →toothbrushes; waitress（女侍者）→waitresses
三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。 读音变化：加读[z]。 例：candy→candies; daisy（雏菊）→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories strawberry →strawberries; baby →babies; puppy →puppies; library →libraries; dictionary →dictionaries; cherry →cherries; activity →activities 四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s 构成复数。（有生命的加es，无生命的加s） 读音变化：加读[z]。 例：tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo(鱼雷)→torpedoes; bingo（彩票式游戏）→bingoes 反例：silo（青贮塔）→silos; piano→pianos（外来词）; photo→photos; macro（宏指令，计机算语言）→macros（缩写词）
谓语动词用单数的情况 1．动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语，谓语用单数。如： Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the cones that fit him or her. (1987年考研题) To understand the situation completely requires more thought than has been given thus far. 2．表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时，谓语用单数。 Two weeks was too long Five times five makes twenty five 3．一般用and连接的两个单词或短语做主语时候，谓语用复数，但是下面用and 连接的主语表示一个概念，谓语用单数： law and order 法制 soap and water 肥皂水 a cup and saucer 茶杯碟子 fork and knife 刀叉 the needle and thread 针线 trial and error 反复尝试，不断摸索 horse and carriage 马车 time and tide 岁月 bread and butter 奶油面包 the ebb and flow 盛衰，潮涨潮落如： If law and order not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe. A. is B. are C. was d. were 答案：A。 4．表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词是复数形式，作主语时候谓语动词用单数形式Linguistics is a branch of study on human language. 5．有些名词形式上是复数，意义上是单数，根据意义一致原则动词用单数 The chaos was stopped by the police The news is a great encouragement to us A series of debates between the lectures was scheduled for the next weekend. 6．用and 连接的成份表示一个单一概念时候，动词谓语用单数形式 Bread and butter is our daily food Time and tide waits for no man《和3同》 二．谓语用复数情况 1．由and, both …and, 连接的并列主语，和both ,a few, many ,several 等修饰语后面谓语动词通常用复数形式。 Few people know he and I were classmates when we were at college. 2．集体名词police, public, militia, cattle ,class ,youth后常用复数形式的动词 The Chinese people are brave and hardworking The cattle are grazing in the sunshine 3．当表示民族的词与冠词合用当主语，谓语动词用复数形式 The Japanese were once very aggressive 4．某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人，做主语时候，谓语动词用复数 The rich are not always selfish 5．不可数名词作主语，其前有表示数量的复数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数 Three million tons of coal were exported that year 三．谓语动词可用单数，也可以用复数的情况 1．就近一致原则这种情况下，谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近该动词的主语的单复数，存在这种情况的主要由以下几种可能： 1）由连词either…or…; neither…nor…; whether… or…;not only…but (also) ;or 等连接的并列主语 Neither money nor fame has influence on me Not only you
英语名词的单复数一般变化规则 一、可数名词都有单数和复数之分。 A: 规则的可数名词的复数变化规则： 1.一般情况加s ：book-- books mouth---mouths house---houses girl---girls 2.以s 、sh 、ch 、x结尾的加es ：class--- classes box----boxes match----matches 3.辅音字母+ y结尾的变y为i加es：city---cities country----countries party----parties factory----factories 4.以o 结尾的词+es的只有以下词：heroes Negroes tomatoes potatoes zeroes/zeros 以o 结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母+s radios, zoos, bamboos ,(pianos ,kilos photos) 5.以f，fe 结尾的变f或fe为v +es ：thief wife life knife wolf half leaf shelfThe thief’s wife killed three wolves with some leaves and knives in half of her life.B: 名词词尾的读音规则： A．在[ p] [t] [k] [f]等清辅音后读[s] cups，hats，cakes，roofs B. 在[s] [z] [∫] [t∫]等音后读[iz] glasses, faces, roses. C.在其他情况下读作[z] beds days cities knives. D.以th结尾的词原来读[ ] 加词尾后多数读[ ] 如：mouth—mouths path—paths ; 但是也有不变化的，如：month—months, ninth—ninths, youth—youths.C: 不规则的可数名词的变化规则：小老鼠爬灯台，偷油吃下不来。男人当警察，保护妇女跟儿童；英国人的牙咬了法国人的脚；养了一头日本羊，送给了中国人；养了一头鹿跟鹅，卖给了瑞士人。 1.man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, goose—geese child—children, mouse—mice, 2.单复数相同: sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese Swiss. 3.以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时,两个词都变化. man servant—men servants. (boy/girl students